Computers, part of your life Grade 11 A textbook for Computer Applications Technology
Sandra Jacobs Keith Gibson
Reinet Barnard
Ellen Labuschagne
Chris Noomé
Rinus Brenkman
Pam Macmillan
Karin Stoffberg
Pam Miller
Ulza Wassermann
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Published by Study Opportunities PO Box 52654, Dorandia, 0188 Tel: (012) 565-6469 Fax: (012) 546-5313 E-mail:
[email protected] www.studyopportunities.co.za July 2012 ISBN: 978-1-919867-88-5 © Study Opportunities Copyright strictly reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
DTP, layout and design by Ronelle Oosthuizen Printed by Intrepid Printers (Pty) Ltd - 7572
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Foreword
Dear learner Congratulations! You have made an incredibly wise and exciting choice in selecting Computer Applications Technology (CAT) as a subject. You are going to develop skills which you will be able to use for the rest of your life – irrespective of your career path. The subject can even open up some career paths. We’ve been involved in writing CAT textbooks for a number of years. As teachers we have seen, first-hand, what works, and we have learned just how to adapt and customise our material to best suit our customers – you, the learner. We have left no stone unturned in smoothing the way for you, or in tapping into the fun and enjoyment of the subject. This book will support you and your teacher every step of the way. We know that in two years’ time you will look back and say that CAT was one of the best decisions you ever made! The authors
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contents Section 1: System Technologies and Implications Page
1
Module
Term
1.1
It’s all about ICT...2
1
1.2
Input and output...14
1
1.3
Memory, storage and processing...37
2
1.4
Software...52
3
1.5
Computer management...63
3
1.6
The dark side of computing...73
4
Section 2: Network and Internet Technologies Page
83
Module
Term
2.1
Local area networks...84
2
2.2
The browsing experience...95
2
2.3
Online lifestyle ...101
3
2.4
Managing e-mail...121
4
Section 3: Word Processing Page
133
Module
Term
3.1
Working with files...134
1
3.2
Page formatting...147
1
3.3
Paragraph formatting...163
1
3.4
Forms and templates...174
1
3.5
Styles...185
2
3.6
Mail merge...194
3
3.7
References...201
3
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Section 4: Spreadsheets Page
213
Module
Term
4.1
Revising and improving spreadsheet skills...214
1
4.2
Calculations...226
1
4.3
Decisions and charts...237
2
4.4
Other facilities...248
3
Section 5: Databases Page
259
Module
Term
5.1
Introduction to databases...260
1
5.2
Forms...285
1
5.3
Queries...297
2
5.4
Designing a database table...313
2
5.5
Reports...328
3
Section 6: HTML / Web design Page
347
Module
Term
6.1
Basic concepts of web design...348
2
6.2
More web design techniques...362
3
Section 7: Information Management Page
375
Module
Term
7.1
Finding information...376
2
7.2
Processing data...392
3
7.3
Presenting results...406
4
Section 8: Integrated Skills Page
413
Module
Term
8.1
Working smarter...414
4
8.2
Case studies...426
4
Page
427
Appendix A
Changing and formatting Access objects...437
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Table of contents
Section 1
System Technologies and Implications................................ 1 Module 1.1 It’s all about ICT.......................................................... 2 Introduction .........................................................................................................................2 The role and value of ICT in the workplace.........................................................................3 The computer .....................................................................................................................5 Protecting your information.................................................................................................8
Module 1.2 Input and output........................................................ 14
Input..................................................................................................................................14 Output................................................................................................................................25 What makes it all work?....................................................................................................31 Input and output for physically challenged users..............................................................32 Input and output and health issues...................................................................................33
Module 1.3 Memory, storage and processing................................ 37
Memory and storage ......................................................................................................37 Processing.........................................................................................................................44
Module 1.4 Software................................................................. 52 Application software .........................................................................................................52 Compatibility issues...........................................................................................................53 Updating your software.....................................................................................................54 Online software ................................................................................................................56 Software for physically challenged users..........................................................................58
Module 1.5 Computer management.............................................. 63
System requirements .......................................................................................................63 Software installation..........................................................................................................64 Managing files...................................................................................................................67 Dealing with hardware failure............................................................................................69
Module 1.6 The dark side of computing........................................ 73
Human errors....................................................................................................................73 The criminal side of things.................................................................................................76
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Section 2
Network and Internet Technologies................................. 83 Module 2.1 Local area networks..................................... 84
What is a network? ...........................................................................................................84 Basic components of a network........................................................................................84 Advantages and disadvantages of a LAN and WLAN.......................................................89 Basic network security.......................................................................................................90 Ethical use of networks.....................................................................................................91
Module 2.2 The browsing experience.......................................... 95
Introduction........................................................................................................................95 The usability of websites...................................................................................................95 Other factors that affect the browsing experience.............................................................97
Module 2.3 Online lifestyle .......................................................101
Internet access................................................................................................................101 Digital communications ..................................................................................................103 Online services................................................................................................................109 Mobile applications.......................................................................................................... 111 Protecting yourself online................................................................................................ 112 Workplace and employment practice.............................................................................. 115
Module 2.4 Managing e-mail.......................................................121
E-mail access..................................................................................................................121 Add tokens to e-mail messages......................................................................................122 Move messages to another location................................................................................125 Find messages more effectively......................................................................................127 Send messages more effectively.....................................................................................128 Best practices..................................................................................................................129
Section 3
Word Processing.........................................................133 Module 3.1 Working with files ................................................... 134
General file commands...................................................................................................134 Importing of other file formats ........................................................................................138 Help .................................................................................................................................140 Editing.............................................................................................................................141
Module 3.2 Page formatting..................................................... 147
Understanding and using sections .................................................................................147 Headers and footers........................................................................................................153 Themes...........................................................................................................................157 Cover page......................................................................................................................158
Module 3.3 Paragraph formatting.............................................. 163
Lists with bullets and numbering.....................................................................................163 Customised spacing........................................................................................................168
Module 3.4 Forms and templates............................................... 174
Templates........................................................................................................................174 Word forms......................................................................................................................176
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Module 3.5 Styles................................................................... 185
What is a style?...............................................................................................................185 Using existing styles........................................................................................................186 Creating and changing styles..........................................................................................189
Module 3.6 Mail merge............................................................. 194
How mail merge works....................................................................................................194 Steps that must be followed............................................................................................195
Module 3.7 References............................................................201
Table of contents ............................................................................................................201 Footnotes........................................................................................................................204 Captions..........................................................................................................................205 Citations and bibliography ..............................................................................................207
Section 4 Spreadsheets.............................................................213 Module 4.1 Revising and improving spreadsheet skills................... 214
Overview of basic concepts.............................................................................................214 Conditional formatting.....................................................................................................216 Auto Fill facility................................................................................................................218 Cell referencing...............................................................................................................219
Module 4.2 Calculations.......................................................... 226
Functions ........................................................................................................................226 Interpretation of error indicators......................................................................................232
Module 4.3 Decisions and charts.............................................. 237
The IF function................................................................................................................237 Charts..............................................................................................................................240
Module 4.4 Other facilities ..................................................... 248
Copying cells...................................................................................................................248 Handling a worksheet as a whole ...................................................................................249 Use different print options ...............................................................................................252 Link data in worksheets ..................................................................................................253 Excel’s help function........................................................................................................255
Section 5
Databases................................................................ 259 Module 5.1 Introduction to databases........................................ 260
Introduction......................................................................................................................260 What is a database?........................................................................................................260 Structure of a database...................................................................................................261 First encounter with Access ............................................................................................261 Working with tables.........................................................................................................266 Creating a table ..............................................................................................................272
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Module 5.2 Forms.................................................................. 285
Introduction......................................................................................................................285 View and use an existing form.........................................................................................285 The sections in a form.....................................................................................................286 Create a new form...........................................................................................................287 Improving an existing form .............................................................................................289
Module 5.3 Queries................................................................ 297
The design and result of a query.....................................................................................297 Formulation of simple criteria .........................................................................................299 Creating a query..............................................................................................................302 Queries with criteria for different fields............................................................................305
Module 5.4 Designing a database table....................................... 313
Introduction......................................................................................................................313 Design of the basic table structure..................................................................................313 Refining the table structure ............................................................................................315 Design for more valid data capture.................................................................................317 Databases and social issues...........................................................................................325
Module 5.5 Reports............................................................... 328
First acquaintance with a report......................................................................................328 Different sections in a report............................................................................................329 Creating a basic report ...................................................................................................330 Changing the appearance of a report .............................................................................333 Creating reports with groupings......................................................................................335 Calculations in a report....................................................................................................338
Section 6
HTML / Web design....................................................347 Module 6.1 Basic concepts of web design................................... 348
Introduction......................................................................................................................348 How is HTML used to create a web page?......................................................................349 The structure of an HTML document ..............................................................................350 Basic markup tags...........................................................................................................352 Create formatted web pages...........................................................................................353
Module 6.2 More web design techniques.................................... 362
Introduction......................................................................................................................362 HTML attributes...............................................................................................................362 Format the text used on a web page...............................................................................364 Add images ....................................................................................................................366 Create lists......................................................................................................................367 Create a website.............................................................................................................368
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Section 7
Information management............................................. 375 Module 7.1 Finding information ................................................. 376
Problem solving and information management ..............................................................376 Formulating a task definition...........................................................................................377 Deciding what data and information is needed ..............................................................380 General tips on setting questions....................................................................................381 Surveys for collecting data..............................................................................................382 Checking the quality of information.................................................................................385
Module 7.2 Processing data..................................................... 392
Introduction......................................................................................................................392 Exporting and importing .................................................................................................392 Tips, tools and techniques to process data ....................................................................396
Module 7.3 Presenting results.................................................. 406
Introduction......................................................................................................................406 Using appropriate software tools for reporting................................................................407 Creating a report.............................................................................................................408 Technical issues..............................................................................................................410
Section 8
Integrated Skills.........................................................413 Module 8.1 Working smarter..................................................... 414
Integration.......................................................................................................................414 Using templates to work smarter .................................................................................415 Use Excel to solve problems...........................................................................................417 Using Access to solve problems ....................................................................................420
Module 8.2 Case studies........................................................ 426
Introduction ..................................................................................................................426 Assistance with organising and running a hockey tournament.......................................426 Providing basic computer services..................................................................................432
Appendix A................................................................437
Changing and formatting Access objects........................................................................437
Index.........................................................................441
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