South African State Action Plan: 2016

South African State Action Plan: 2016 AC T I O N P L A N T O L I M I T A N D R E D U C E C A R B O N D I OX I D E E M I S S I O N S F R O M I N T E R N A T I O N A L AV I A T I O N

Page |

South African State Action Plan: 2016 1st Edition

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  Airlines Association of Southern Africa (AASA)  Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS)  Airports Company South Africa (ACSA)  Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA)  Department of Transport (DOT)  National Treasury (NT)  South African Airways (SAA)  South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)

Page i


ABBREVIATIONS ACI

Airports Council International

ACSA

Airports Company South Africa

ASQ

Airport Service Quality

ATM

Air Traffic Management

ATNS

Air Traffic and Navigation Services

CCO

Continuous Climb Operations

CDO

Continuous Descent Operations

CNG

Carbon Neutral Growth

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

DOT

Department of Transport

GSE

Ground Service Equipment

HEFA

Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acids

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

LED

Light-Emitting Diode

PBN

Performance Based Navigation

RSA

Republic of South Africa

RTK

Revenue Tonne Kilometre

SAA

South African Airways

SACAA

South African Civil Aviation Authority

Page ii


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

South Africa has a modern and well-developed transport infrastructure and the largest air and rail networks on the African continent. The country’s transport sector has been highlighted by the South African government as a crucial part of the plan to further develop the tourism industry in an effort to create employment opportunities. This will also increase the country’s competitiveness in the continent and among international markets. The Department of Transport is responsible for regulation of transportation, that is, public transport, rail transportation, civil aviation, shipping, freight and motor vehicles.

This is the first State Action Plan report submitted by the Republic of South Africa (RSA) to limit and reduce CO2 emissions from international civil aviation. The baseline estimations for CO2 emissions are done from 2016 till 2050. Projections are also made based on the Improved

Air

Traffic

Management

measures

currently

being

‘Transport is the heartbeat of South Africa’s economic growth and social development’

implemented.

Page iii


Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ I ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................. II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... III CONTACT INFORMATION ................................................................................................... V 1. FOREWORD............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Civil Aviation in South Africa .............................................................................................. 1 1.2. South Africa’s Approach to Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions ...................... 2 2. BASELINE .................................................................................................................. 3 2.1. Differentiating between international aviation and domestic emissions: ....... 3 2.2. Collection of data .................................................................................................................... 3 3. SELECTED MEASURES TO MITIGATE CO2 EMISSIONS .................................. 4 3.1. Improved Air Traffic Management (ATM) and infrastructure use ........................ 5 3.2. Complimentary measures ................................................................................................... 7 4. EXPECTED RESULTS .................................................................................................... 11 4.1. Fuel consumption ................................................................................................................ 11 4.2. CO2 Emissions ..................................................................................................................... 12 4.3. Fuel Savings.......................................................................................................................... 12 5.

FUTURE PLANS AND ASSISTANCE NEEDED ............................................................... 14

APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 15 Appendix A: Baseline ........................................................................................................................... 16 Appendix B: Fuel Saved (FS) Calculations for 2012-2014 .......................................................... 17 Appendix C: PBN roadmap (Domestic and International)............................................................. 24 Appendix D: Portfolio of evidence .................................................................................................... 25 Appendix E: Expected Action Plan results ........................................................................................ 33 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 34

Page iv


CONTACT INFORMATION Name of Authority:

Department of Transport

Point of contact:

Mr. Levers Mabaso (Acting Chief Director: ASSE and S&R1)

Street Address:

159 Forum Building, Corner Struben and Bosman Streets, Pretoria

Country:

South Africa

Province:

Gauteng

City:

Pretoria

Telephone Number:

+27 12 309 3385

E-mail address:

[email protected]

Name of Authority:

South African Civil Aviation Authority

Point of contact:

Mr. Gawie Bestbier (Executive: Aviation Infrastructure)

Street Address:

Building 16, Treur Close, Waterfall Office Park, Midrand

Country:

South Africa

Province:

Gauteng

City:

Johannesburg

Telephone Number:

+27 11 545 1097

Fax Number:

+27 11 545 1466

E-mail address:

[email protected]

1

Aviation Safety, Security, Environment and Search & Rescue Page v

1. FOREWORD 1.1.

Civil Aviation in South Africa The Department of Transport’s (DOT) civil aviation branch facilitates the development of an economically viable air transport industry that is safe, secure, efficient, environmentally friendly and compliant with international standards through regulation and investigation. It also oversees the following civil aviation public entities:

1.1.1

South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA) The South African Civil Aviation authority (SACAA) is an agency of the DoT that was established on 01 October 1998, and is governed by the Civil Aviation Act, 2009 (Act No. 13 of 2009), which came into effect on 31 March 2010. The authority is mandated with controlling, promoting, regulating, supporting, developing, enforcing and continuously improving levels of safety and security throughout the civil aviation industry. The above is to be achieved by complying with the ICAO SARPs, whilst considering the local context. The roles and responsibilities of the SACAA revolve around the following four areas of oversight:

 Aviation Security  Aviation Infrastructure  Aviation Safety Operations  Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation The Aviation Environmental Protection section is housed under the Aviation Infrastructure area.

1.1.2

Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) Founded in 1993, the Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) is a public company under the Airports Company Act, 1993 (Act No. 44 of 1993). The company currently manages a network of nine airports in South Africa, including the three main international gateways of O.R. Tambo International, Cape Town

Page | 1


International and King Shaka International Airports. The nine airports are registered on the largest worldwide Airport Service Quality (ASQ) programme, under the auspices of Airports Council International (ACI), which represents 98 percent of the world’s airports. In 2013, the nine airports facilitated nearly 39.5 million passengers. Although ACSA is majority owned by the South African Government, through the DOT, the Company is legally and financially autonomous and operates as a commercial entity.

1.1.3

Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS) Company Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS) provides air traffic, navigation, training and associated services within South Africa and a large part of the Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans. This comprises approximately 10% of the world's airspace. The company operates from nine ACSA and 12 other aerodromes. Its services extend beyond air traffic control services. It also looks into the provision of vitally important aeronautical information used for all flight planning purposes as well as search and rescue coordination activities, and the maintenance of a reliable navigation infrastructure.

1.2. South Africa’s Approach to Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions The overall strategic approach for the RSA’s climate change response is guided by the National Development Plan (NDP) (Vision 2030). The NDP proposes the movement towards a low carbon economy. Different sectors of society have roles to play to fulfil Vision 2030. The DOT’s objective to support the transition to a low carbon economy is to ‘increase the contribution of transport to environmental protection’.

Page 2


2. BASELINE 2.1.

Differentiating between international aviation and domestic emissions: Historic data was obtained from ICAO, thus the methodology used for differentiating between international aviation and domestic emissions is the ICAO methodology (State of Registration).

2.2.

Collection of data The estimation of baseline fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for international aviation within RSA was done with assistance from ICAO statistics. The baseline was projected from 2016 until 2050 (Appendix A).

Figure 1 shows that in the absence of any

measures- ‘do nothing approach’- there will be a gradual increase in the CO2 emissions. In order to contribute towards the global ICAO goal of Carbon Neutral Growth (CNG) 2020, measures were selected by the State. These are detailed in Section 3.

Baseline 12 000 000 000 10 000 000 000 8 000 000 000

RTK

6 000 000 000

International fuel (litres) 4 000 000 000

International CO2 emissions (kg)

2 000 000 000 0 2018

2020

2035

2050

Year

Page 3


3. SELECTED MEASURES TO MITIGATE CO2 EMISSIONS

ICAO’s Basket of measures to reduce CO2 emissions from international aviation includes the following:

 Aircraft-related technology development;  Alternative fuels;  Improved Air Traffic Management (ATM) and infrastructure use;  Market-based measures;  Airport improvements; and  Regulatory measures.

Page 4


For this 1st Edition of the Action Plan, RSA will only focus on the improved ATM measures (Section 3.1) because this is at an advanced stage of implementation due to the country’s PBN Implementation Plan. Nevertheless, the State has embarked on other measures, still in the infancy stage, which will be reported in the update to this Action Plan, (i.e. 2nd Edition). These are described in Section 3.2.

3.1. Improved Air Traffic infrastructure use

Management

(ATM)

and

The Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS) Company is the home of expert Air Traffic Control and Management solutions for South Africa as well as 10% of the global airspace. RSA has embarked on a project to align the South African fixed route structure to support Performance-based Navigation (PBN) implementation. The project is aimed at reducing track miles for aircraft operating in the en-route environment, which reduces fuel burn, emissions and works towards environmental sustainability. The project plan has been finalized and work packages have been determined. The important ICAO initiative of Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU) in facilitating a seamless global air navigation system has been collectively embraced by the RSA. In support of the ASBU initiative, RSA, through the aviation industry-sanctioned ATM roadmap (led by ATNS), has rolled out several ongoing initiatives to facilitate compliance with Block 0 as detailed in the ASBU framework.

Page 5


Key initiatives are currently being applied to address the performance improvement areas (PIAs) for 2013 and beyond, into Block 1. These include traffic forecasting and capacity declaration through collaborative initiatives such as the USTDA airside capacity study; facilitation of the flexible use of airspace; and air traffic flow management. A further initiative in line with the ASBU Block 0 upgrade is the implementation of PBN. Envisaged milestones in achieving the PBN initiative include revised terminal area procedures for several airports such as Lanseria, George, East London and Port Elizabeth. These revisions are aimed at enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of both departure and descent profiles for airspace users, thus addressing several PIAs, including the environmental- (greener airports) and efficiency- (flexible flights) related parameters associated with air travel. Through these initiatives RSA, in collaboration with its stakeholders, aims to be recognized as the benchmark in ASBU implementation on the African continent, along with other globally recognized leaders in the field of air navigation service provision. PBN will be implemented at international airports with instrument runways, in accordance with the SA PBN Roadmap.

3.1.1

PBN Measure PBN implementation started in 2008 and is anticipated to be completed by 2025. TABLE 1 ATNS PBN MEASURES

Measure

Implementation date

Date when benefits start

Continuous Descend Operations (CDO)

2012

2012

PBN STAR (Arrivals)

2012

2012

Continuous Climb Operations (CCO)

2012

2012

PBN SID (Standard Instrument Departure)

2012

2012

Airport-Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM)

2012

2012

Wake – RECAT (Arrivals)

2014

2014

Advanced – RNP (A – RNP)

2015

2016

Page 6


3.1.2 Calculation of expected results Additional information used and supporting documents are in Appendices B-D. The benefits from this measure were used to project the fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. These benefits are detailed in Section 4.

3.1.3

3.2.

Point of contact for this measure (Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use) Name of Authority:

Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS)

Point of contact:

Ms. Johana Marobane (Manager: CS & E2)

Country:

South Africa

Province:

Gauteng

City:

Johannesburg

Telephone Number:

+27 11 607 1173

E-mail address:

[email protected]

Complimentary measures

3.2.1 Alternative fuels The national carrier, South African Airways (SAA), is a prominent carrier in Africa, serving 74 destinations. It works within RSA and across the African continent in partnership with SA Express, SA Airlink and its low cost carrier, Mango. It is also a member of the largest international airline network, Star Alliance, and has nine intercontinental routes from its Johannesburg hub. SAA has a progressive environmental strategy with the overall and firm objective of SAA being recognized amongst the environmentally sustainable airlines in the world. Table 2 shows the measure that SAA is implementing which will be reported in the next Action Plan review.

2

Corporate Sustainability and Environment Page 7

South African State Action Plan: 2016 1st Edition TABLE 2 SAA ALTERNATIVE FUELS PROJECT

Alternative fuels Description of measures

Use of alternative fuels

SAA has partnered with experts in the field of aviation biofuel in order to reach the goal of producing 500 million litres of biofuel per annum by the end of 2023 using a multitude of feedstocks. This project forms a part of the broader South African Airways Group environmental strategy and has been incorporated into the long term plan of the Company and has been ratified by the South African Parliament. The cornerstone of the project is the oleaginous, energy-rich and nicotine-free tobacco crop variety called Solaris Solaris crop. Solaris is a hybridized tobacco plant that has been selected for excessive seed pod and flower production, no nicotine content and small leaves especially when compared to conventional tobacco plants.

Page 8


Currently this crop is produced in the Northern areas of South Africa in the Limpopo Province. The production has been purposefully spread amongst different kinds of growers from commercial farmers to small hold land owners and farmers with the intention of directly benefitting the local population and alleviating the local unemployment rate of 68%. The area is well known for previous tobacco production over a number of decades so an innate knowledge of the tobacco plant and how to grow it exists in the area which has seen a steady decline in tobacco production from 35000 ha to about 4000 ha. An essential element of the project is the sustainability of the feedstock. SAA has become a member of the Roundtable for Sustainable Biomaterials and sits as a delegate in one of the RSB chambers. The RSB provided critical sustainability guidance and conducted independent audits of the growing process. The crop was certified as sustainable and was produced on a sustainable basis. The certified feedstock then underwent harvesting and drying to get the seed pods detached from the plants which continue growing and provide up to a further 2 harvests in the growing season. These seeds are separated from the pods and crushed mechanically to extract a vegetable oil equivalent which is suitable for hydro treating using the HEFA3 which is one of the ICAO approved pathways for the production of sustainable alternative fuels. The jet fuel is developed and patented by Sunchem Holding, an Italian company.

Africa’s greenest flight The first African sustainable biofuel flight was done by SAA on 15 July 2016. SAA and Mango flights on Boeing 737-800s operated between Johannesburg and Cape Town and made history as the first sustainable biofuel flights to have taken place on the African continent.

3

Hydro processed Esters and Fatty Acids

Page 9


3.2.2 Airport improvements The Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) owns and operates six major International Airports and three Domestic Airports in the country. It has implemented several measures to limit or reduce its CO2 emissions. These measures include airfield improvements, reduced energy demand, the conversion of Ground Service Equipment (GSE) to cleaner fuels and improved transportation to and from the airport.

Table 3 shows the measures that ACSA is implementing which will be reported in the next Action Plan review. TABLE 3 ACSA CO2 REDUCTION PROJECTS

Reduced electricity demand and preferred cleaner energy sources Description of measures

 Use   

of cleaner alternative sources of power generation Reduce electrical demand Conversion of GSE to cleaner fuels or electricity E- Tugs 2025 & E-Taxi 2030

The airfield improvement project includes the installation of Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulbs. The conversion of GSE to cleaner fuels project includes the use of battery/electrical operated ground vehicles. The improved public transport to and from the airport includes a rail link to the airport, known as the Gautrain. ACSA also intends to participate in the Airports Council International’s (ACI) Airport Carbon Accreditation program in 2016. Reduced energy demand projects include the installation of building management systems which reduce electrical demand, and the installation of cleaner alternative sources of power generation such as the installation of photovoltaic panels which will generate a portion of the airports’ electrical demand.

Projects for the

installation of photovoltaic panels have already been completed at three ACSA airports (George Airport, Kimberley Airport and Upington International Airport).

Page 10


4. EXPECTED RESULTS The expected results calculations have been done using estimations and the rules of thumb that ICAO has developed and can be found in Doc 9988 – Guidance on the Development of the State Action Plans on CO2 Emissions Reduction Activities. The years 2018; 2020; 2035 and 2050 were selected as the future years for this analysis.

TABLE 4 EXPECTED RESULTS AFTER IMPLEMENTING THE ATM MEASURE

Baseline

Expected Results

Year

RTK

Fuel (l)

CO2 Emissions (kg)

RTK

Fuel (l)

CO2 emissions(kg)

2018 2020 2035 2050

2,620,995,178 2,834,868,384 5,105,437,805 9,194,605,058

1,275,835,573 1,379,943,756 2,485,200,745 4,475,706,142

3,225,312,329 3,488,497,815 6,282,587,484 11,314,585,126

2,620,995,178 2,834,868,384 5,105,437,805 9,194,605,058

1,138,128,133 1,232,997,661 2,246,054,882 4,086,510,745

2,877,188,000 3,117,018,000 5,678,027,000 10,330,699,000

4.1.

Fuel consumption Fuel consumption is expected to increase but if improved ATM measures are implemented, the amount of annual fuel required slightly decreases.

FIGURE 2 FUEL CONSUMPTION

Fuel Consumption 5 000 000 000 4 500 000 000

4 000 000 000

Fuel (l)

3 500 000 000 3 000 000 000 2 500 000 000

International fuel (Baseline)

2 000 000 000

Improved ATM (fuel)

1 500 000 000 1 000 000 000 500 000 000 0 2018

2020

2035

2050

Page 11


4.2. CO 2 Emissions There is a minor reduction in the amount of CO2 emissions that will be produced from international aviation. This can be attributed to the implementation of only one measure out of the seven recommended by ICAO. FIGURE 3 CO2 EMISSIONS

CO2 Emissions (kg) 12 000 000 000 10 000 000 000 8 000 000 000 6 000 000 000 4 000 000 000 2 000 000 000 0 2018

2020

Improved ATM (CO2 emissions)

2035

2050

CO2 Emissions (Baseline)

4.3. Fuel Savings Implementing the ATM measure will contribute to the reduction in the amount of fuel saved per annum. Fuel savings result in lower CO2 emissions as less fuel will be burnt to power the aircraft.

TABLE 5 EXPECTED FUEL SAVINGS

Year

Baseline Fuel (l)

Expected Results Fuel (l)

Fuel Savings p.a (l)

2018

1,275,835,573

1,138,128,133

137,707,440

2020

1,379,943,756

1,232,997,661

146,946,095

2035

2,485,200,745

2,246,054,882

239,145,863

2050

4,475,706,142

4,086,510,745

389,195,396

Page 12


FIGURE 4 FUEL SAVINGS PER ANNUM

Annual Fuel Savings (litres) 450 000 000 400 000 000

300 000 000 250 000 000

Annual Fuel savings (litres)

200 000 000 150 000 000

2046

2043

2040

2037

2034

2031

2028

2025

2022

2019

100 000 000 2016

Fuel (l)

350 000 000

Year

Page 13


5. FUTURE PLANS AND ASSISTANCE NEEDED RSA is currently implementing one of the seven measures highlighted by ICAO. However CO2 emissions are slowly being reduced as shown in Figure 3. Therefore, for the country to reduce more CO2 emissions, some of the other measures need to be fully implemented. The following assistance will be needed to enable the implementation of other measures: 5.1 Research and innovation The RSA intends to implement some of the seven measures recommended by ICAO. Assistance is required on various research areas that can have a role in ensuring CNG 2020.

5.2 Education Training on collection, monitoring, reporting and verification of data is required.

5.3 Finance The process of taking the Alternative fuels measure from a conceptually small scale project to a large industrially viable stage will require massive scaling up to produce enough sustainable feedstock. A refinery will need to be established to process the oil that is produced.

5.4 Technical support For the Alternative fuels project, knowledge of agronomical and mechanical best practices is needed to optimise the supply chain.

Page 14


APPENDICES The following appendices display the supporting documentation on the ATM measure; assumptions, methods and processes used.

Page 15


Appendix A: Baseline ESTIMATED BASELINE OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION IN RSA

Baseline Year

RTK

International fuel (litres)

International CO2 emissions (tonnes)

2016

2,423,257,376

1,179,581,706

2,981,983

2017

2,520,187,671

1,226,764,974

3,101,262

2018

2,620,995,178

1,275,835,573

3,225,312

2019

2,725,834,985

1,326,868,996

3,354,325

2020

2,834,868,384

1,379,943,756

3,488,498

2021

2,948,263,119

1,435,141,506

3,628,038

2022

3,066,193,644

1,492,547,166

3,773,159

2023

3,188,841,390

1,552,249,053

3,924,086

2024

3,316,395,046

1,614,339,015

4,081,049

2025

3,449,050,847

1,678,912,576

4,244,291

2026

3,587,012,881

1,746,069,079

4,414,063

2027

3,730,493,397

1,815,911,842

4,590,625

2028

3,879,713,132

1,888,548,316

4,774,250

2029

4,034,901,658

1,964,090,248

4,965,220

2030

4,196,297,724

2,042,653,858

5,163,829

2031

4,364,149,633

2,124,360,012

5,370,382

2032

4,538,715,618

2,209,334,413

5,585,197

2033

4,720,264,243

2,297,707,789

5,808,605

2034

4,909,074,813

2,389,616,101

6,040,950

2035

5,105,437,805

2,485,200,745

6,282,587

2036

5,309,655,318

2,584,608,775

6,533,891

2037

5,522,041,530

2,687,993,126

6,795,247

2038

5,742,923,191

2,795,512,851

7,067,056

2039

5,972,640,119

2,907,333,365

7,349,739

2040

6,211,545,724

3,023,626,700

7,643,728

2041

6,460,007,553

3,144,571,768

7,949,477

2042

6,718,407,855

3,270,354,638

8,267,457

2043

6,987,144,169

3,401,168,824

8,598,155

2044

7,266,629,936

3,537,215,577

8,942,081

2045

7,557,295,133

3,678,704,200

9,299,764

2046

7,859,586,939

3,825,852,368

9,671,755

2047

8,173,970,416

3,978,886,463

10,058,625

2048

8,500,929,233

4,138,041,921

10,460,970

2049

8,840,966,402

4,303,563,598

10,879,409

2050

9,194,605,058

4,475,706,142

11,314,585

Page 16


Appendix B: Fuel Saved (FS) Calculations for 2012 -2014 Table 1 - 2012 Measures to improve fuel efficient departure and approach procedures

Formula

Airports

Assumptions

Calculation

CDO

FS = 60 Kg (0.06 tonnes) of fuel * Number of CDOs

FAOR - 34495

Expert judgement estimates that CDO at these airports is performed 100% in off peak hours which account for approximately 38% or 16629 traffic movements.

0.06 X 16629

FACT - 3198 FALE - 1214 FAPE - 28 FALA - 4718 FABL – 108 Total = 43761

PBN STAR

CCO

FS = 20 Kg to 50 Kg of fuel (.02 to .05 tonnes) * Number of arrivals on PBN STARs

FAOR – 34495

FS = 90-150 Kg (0.09-0.15 tonnes) of fuel * Number of CCOs

FAOR - 34267

FACT - 3198 FALE - 1214 Total = 38907

FACT - 3214 FALE - 1189 FAPE - 18 FALA - 4672 FABL – 101

= 997.75 tonnes of fuel saved

(9 out of 24 hrs OFFPEAK = 38%) Expert judgement is that 90% or 35016 of these arrivals fly the PBN STAR.(10% excluded due to weather and aircraft equipage)

0.02 X 35016 = 700.32 tonnes of fuel saved (low-end of range)

Expert judgement estimates that CCO is performed by 80% of the departures, a total of 34768 departure movements annually.


0.05 X 35016 = 1750.8 tonnes of fuel saved (high end of range)


Total = 43461

Page 17

South African State Action Plan: 2016 1st Edition PBN SID

FS = 0 Kg to 30 Kg of fuel (0 to .03 tonnes) * number of departure movements on PBN SIDs

FAOR – 34267 FACT - 3214 FALE - 1189 Total = 38670

Expert judgement is that 90% or 34803 of these departures fly the PBN SID.(10% excluded due to weather and aircraft equipage)

0.00 X 34803 = 0 tonnes of fuel saved (low-end of range)

On average, aircraft at the airport burn 12 kg (0.012 tonnes) per minute during taxi. The benefit of A-CDM (nonUS version) is achieved during the total taxi phase (taxi-in and taxiout).

1 X 0.012 X 77577 = 930.92 tonnes of fuel saved (low-end of range)

There is an assumption that 35% of arrival traffic will fly in ‘peak hours’ when the benefit from RECAT is received .The benefit of RECAT is estimated to be between 7-12kg fuel saving per flight.

7kg * 0 * 0.35 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (low end of range)

It is assumed that 50% of arrivals to this airport will fly the Radius to Fix approach. The breakdown of traffic at this airport is estimated to be 10%: 80%: 10% in relation to small: medium: heavy aircraft.

((0 * 0.1 * 11kg) + (0 * 0.8 * 62kg) + (0 * 0.1 * 95kg )) * 0.5 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (low end of range)

FAPE – 2015


FABL - 2016 A-CDM

FS = Time savings(1 to 3 min) * number of movements

3 co-ordinated airports (CAMU) FAOR – 68762 FACT - 6412 FALE - 2403 Total = 77577

Wake – RECAT (Arrivals)

A_RNP

FS = Time (fuel) savings (7-12 kg) * number of arrival movements * 0.35

No Airports

FS = Σ[(Total movements * 0.1 * fuel savings for small aircraft (1140kg)) + (total movements * 0.8 * fuel savings for medium aircraft (62-121kg)) + total movements * 0.1 * fuel savings for heavy aircraft (95187kg))] * 0.5

No Airports

Total fuel savings in tonnes

3 X 0.012 X 77577 = 2792.77 tonnes of fuel saved (high end of range)

12kg * 0 * 0.35 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (high end of range)

((0 * 0.1 * 40kg) + (0 * 0.8 * 121kg) + (0 * 0.1 * 187kg )) * 0.5 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (high end of range) 6395.57

CO2 emission’s saved

Page 18


Table 2 – 2013 Measures to improve fuel efficient departure and approach procedures:

Formula

Airports

Assumptions

Calculation

CDO


FAOR - 36187


0.06 X 17207


PBN STAR

CCO


= 1032.42 tonnes fuel saved

Total = 45282

(9 out of 24 hrs OFFPEAK = 38%)

FAOR – 36187

Expert judgement is that 90% or 36895 of these arrivals fly the PBN STAR.(10% excluded due to weather and aircraft equipage)

0.02 X 36895 = 737.9 tonnes of fuel saved (lowend of range)

Expert judgement estimates that CCO is performed by 80% of the departures, a total of 36185 departure movements annually.


FACT – 3325 FALE - 1483 Total = 40995

FS = 90-150 FAOR - 36154 Kg (0.09-0.15 FACT - 3327 tonnes) of fuel * Number FALE - 1456 of CCOs FAPE - 38 FALA - 4203 FABL – 53 Total = 45231



Page 19


PBN SID

A-CDM


FAOR – 36154


5 co-ordinated airports (CAMU)

FACT - 3327 FALE - 1456 Total = 40937

FAOR – 72341 FACT - 6652 FALE – 2939 FAPE - 79 FABL - 155



On average, aircraft at the airport burn 12 kg (0.012 tonnes) per minute during taxi. The benefit of ACDM (non-US version) is achieved during the total taxi phase (taxi-in and taxi-out).



7kg * 0 * 0.35 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (low end of range)

It is assumed that 50% of arrivals to this airport will fly the Radius to Fix approach. The breakdown of traffic at this airport is estimated to be 10%: 80%: 10% in relation to small: medium:




Total = 82166 Wake – RECAT (Arrivals)

A_RNP


No Airports

FS = Σ[(Total movements * 0.1 * fuel savings for small aircraft (11-40kg)) + (total movements * 0.8 * fuel savings for medium aircraft (62-121kg)) +

No Airports (FALA Projected for 2016)

12kg * 0 * 0.35 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (high end of range)

((0 * 0.1 * 40kg) + (0 * 0.8 * 121kg)

Page 20


total movements * 0.1 * fuel savings for heavy aircraft (95-187kg))] * 0.5

heavy aircraft.

Total fuel saved in tonnes

+ (0 * 0.1 * 187kg )) * 0.5 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (high end of range) 9 190.57

CO2 emission’s saved

Table 3 - 2014 Measures to Formula improve fuel efficient departure and approach procedures:

Airports

Assumptions

Calculation

CDO

FAOR - 37285


0.06 X 17341



PBN STAR

CCO

= 1040.46 tonnes fuel saved

Total = 45633

(9 out of 24 hrs OFFPEAK = 38%)


FAOR – 37285

Expert judgement is that 90% or 37754 of these arrivals fly the PBN STAR.(10% excluded due to weather and aircraft equipage)

0.02 X 37754 = 755.08 tonnes of fuel saved (lowend of range)

FS = 90-150 Kg (0.09-0.15

FAOR - 37287

Expert judgement estimates that CCO is

0.09 X 36548 = 3289.32 tonnes

FACT – 3176 FALE - 1488 Total = 41949


Page 21


tonnes) of fuel * Number of CCOs

FACT - 3203 FALE - 1427 FAPE - 30

performed by 80% of the departures, a total of 36548 departure movements annually.

of fuel saved (low-end of range)



On average, aircraft at the airport burn 12 kg (0.012 tonnes) per minute during taxi. The benefit of A-CDM (nonUS version) is achieved during the total taxi phase (taxi-in and taxiout).



7kg X 37285 X 0.35 = 91348.25 tonnes fuel saved (low end of range)

FALA - 3694 FABL – 44


Total = 45685 PBN SID

A-CDM


FAOR – 37287


6 co-ordinated airports (CAMU)

FACT - 3203 FALE - 1427 Total = 41917

FAOR – 74572 FACT - 6379 FALE – 2915 FAPE - 60 FABL – 92



FALA - 7300 Total = 91318 Wake – RECAT (Arrivals)


FAOR – 37285 Total = 37285

(Final Approach spacing reduced from

12kg X 37285 X 0.35 = 156597 tonnes fuel saved (high end of range)

Page 22


5NM to 3NM) A_RNP

FS = Σ[(Total movements * 0.1 * fuel savings for small aircraft (11-40kg)) + (total movements * 0.8 * fuel savings for medium aircraft (62-121kg)) + total movements * 0.1 * fuel savings for heavy aircraft (95-187kg))] * 0.5

No Airports

It is assumed that 50% of arrivals to this airport will fly the Radius to Fix approach. The breakdown of traffic at this airport is estimated to be 10%: 80%: 10% in relation to small: medium: heavy aircraft.

Total tonnes of fuel saved


((0 * 0.1 * 40kg) + (0 * 0.8 * 121kg) + (0 * 0.1 * 187kg )) * 0.5 = 0 tonnes fuel saved (high end of range)

133 477.74

CO2 emission’s saved Future initiative to enable modelling and forecasting    

ACDM implementation in FAUP – 2018 Approval and implementation of A – RNP in Lanseria by 2016 Wake Re-cat implementation for FACT in 2018 and FALE in 2019 PBN SID/ STAR implementation at FAPE in 2017 and FABL in 2017

Page 23


Appendix C: PBN roadmap (Domestic and International) In an effort to reduce air operation costs and contributing towards having a greener environment, States are urged to implement Performance Based Navigation (PBN). RSA has an approved PBN Roadmap which has been submitted to ICAO. ATNS, as National PBN Coordinator, is directly responsible for the implementation of national Project targets affecting the regulated business (ACSA airports) as well as the coordination and facilitation of Project targets at all other affected aerodromes in terms of the National PBN Roadmap. ATNS is also providing an Air Traffic Service at non-ACSA airports on a contractual basis and therefore have some influence on the implementation of PBN procedures at those airports.

Near Term Implementation Targets – (PBN Roadmap) a) RNP APCH (with Baro-VNAV) in 30% of instrument runways by 2010 and 50% by 2012 and priority given to airports with operational benefits. b) RNAV 1 SID/STAR for 30% of international airports by 2010 and 50% by 2012 and priority given to airports with RNP Approach. c) Review existing conventional and RNAV routes to transition to PBN RNAV 5 or where operationally required RNAV 2/1 by 2012

During the 2013/14 financial year ATNS has recorded 50% implementation of RNAV 1 / 2 SID/STAR at international airports which satisfies the 50% targets as stipulated in the RSA PBN Roadmap. ATNS also achieved 55.5% implementation of RNP APCH procedures for all ACSA instrument runways. This exceeds the national target of 50%. Mid Term Implementation Targets – (PBN Roadmap) a) RNP APCH ( with Baro-VNAV) or APV in 100% of instrument runways, by 2016 b) RNAV 1 or RNP 1 SID/STAR for 100% of international airports by 2016 c) RNAV 1 or RNP 1 SID/STAR for 70% of busy domestic airports where there are operational benefits d) Implementation of additional RNAV/RNP Routes as required

Page 24


Appendix D: Por tfolio of evidence Performance

Portfolio of evidence

Indicators Review existing conventional and RNAV routes.

Route name and reference UG465

AIP SUPPLEMENT S099/13

UQ3


UT122


T122


UQ33


UQ17


Q17


UQ34


Q34


UQ35


UL375


UQ2


Q2


UZ33


Z33


UQ46


Q46


UQ47


Q47


Page 25


UZ11


UZ7


UQ1


UZ27


G745


UQ21


UQ4


Q4


UQ21


UQ4


Q4


UQ6


Q6


UZ10


Z10


UZ36


Z36


UQ28


Q28


UT433


UQ13


Q13


UT446


Page 26


T446


UT125


T125


UQ7


Q7


UQ8


Q8


UQ9


Q9


UQ10


Q10


UQ12


Q12


UQ14


Q14


UQ52


Q52


UQ23


Q23


UQ29


Q29


UQ30


Q30


Page 27


UQ31


Q31


UQ43


Q43


UQ49


Q49


UZ3


Z3


UZ4


Z4


UZ5


Z5


UZ13


Z13


UZ26


Z26


UZ28


Z28


UN185


UN186


UN188


UZ30


Z30


Page 28


UZ37


Z37


UQ55


Q55


UQ56


Q56


UQ58


Q58


UZ20


Z20


UZ34


Z34


UQ51


Q51


UZ31


Z31


UZ6


Z6


UQ19


Q19


UZ36


Z36


A402


Page 29


UA402


W66


UW66


W81


UW81


Performance

RNP APCH (Baro-VNAV where operational benefits can be gained) in

Indicators

100% of instrument runways 9 ACSA Airports 1. OR Tambo

1 X RNP APCH RWY 03R 1 X RNP APCH RWY 21L 2. Cape Town

1 X RNP AR W RWY 01 1 X RNP AR W RWY 19 1 X RNP AR X RWY 01 1 X RNP AR X RWY 19 1 X RNP AR Y RWY 01 1 X RNP AR Y RWY 19 1 X RNP AR Y RWY 34 1 X RNP AR Z RWY 34 3. Durban

1 X RNP APCH RWY 06 1 X RNP APCH RWY 24

Page 30

South African State Action Plan: 2016 1st Edition 4. Bloemfontein

1 X RNP APCH RWY 02 1 X RNP APCH RWY 20

5. George

1 X RNP APCH Baro-VNAV RWY 11 1 X RNP APCH Baro-VNAV RWY 29

6. Port Elizabeth

1 X RNP APCH Baro-VNAV RWY 08 1

X RNP APCH Baro-VNAV RWY 26

7. East London - 2016

1 X RNP APCH RWY 11 1

X RNP APCH RWY 29

8. Kimberly - 2016

1 X RNP APCH RWY 02 1

X RNP APCH RWY 20

9. Upington - 2016

1 X RNP APCH RWY 35 9 of the 9 ACSA airport have RNP APCH’s This equates to 100%

Performance

RNAV 1 SID/STAR for 100% of international airports.

Indicators 6 International ACSA Airports 1. OR Tambo - FAOR 2. Cape Town - FACT 3. King Shaka – FALE 4. Bloemfontein – FABL 5. Port Elizabeth – FAPE

Page 31

South African State Action Plan: 2016 1st Edition 6. Upington - FAUP

6 of the 6 ACSA International airports have RNAV 1 SID/STAR This equates to 100%

Performance

RNAV 1 SID/STAR for 70% of busy domestic airports where there are

Indicators

operational benefits 3 ACSA Domestic Airports 1. George – FAGG 2. Kimberly – FAKM 3. East London – FAEL – Planned for 2017

2 of the 3 ACSA Domestic Airports have RNAV 1 SID/STAR This equates to 70%

Note: 1. With consideration of requirements for international airports to be serviced by RNAV 1/2 SID/STAR, ATNS has achieved 50% as is described in the RSA PBN Roadmap. Although Upington is an international airport, the airspace configuration based on traffic demand, does not currently support the implementation of SID and STAR. Based on immediate operational benefits to be achieved at other international airports and current resource constraints, RSA will likely delay the implementation of the RNAV 1/2 SID/STAR requirements at Upington International Airport to 2017 and beyond (Long Term target).

2. With regards to the implementation of RNP APCH Procedures, ATNS has achieved 66% implementation, which exceeds the 50% target described in the RSA PBN Roadmap.

3. It is important to note that the reporting based on percentages can be deceiving since one runway will be serviced 100% by two procedures on either end of the runway. Additional procedures will not increase the 100% level of implementation achieved already.

Page 32


Appendix E: Expected Action Plan results Expected action plan results Year

RTK

International fuel (l)

International CO2 emissions (t)

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050

2,423,257,376 2,520,187,671 2,620,995,178 2,725,834,985 2,834,868,384 2,948,263,119 3,066,193,644 3,188,841,390 3,316,395,046 3,449,050,847 3,587,012,881 3,730,493,397 3,879,713,132 4,034,901,658 4,196,297,724 4,364,149,633 4,538,715,618 4,720,264,243 4,909,074,813 5,105,437,805 5,309,655,318 5,522,041,530 5,742,923,191 5,972,640,119 6,211,545,724 6,460,007,553 6,718,407,855 6,987,144,169 7,266,629,936 7,557,295,133 7,859,586,939 8,173,970,416 8,500,929,233 8,840,966,402 9,194,605,058

1,050,532,076 1,093,456,707 1,138,128,133 1,184,617,210 1,232,997,661 1,283,346,190 1,335,742,605 1,390,269,941 1,447,014,593 1,506,066,447 1,567,519,028 1,631,469,639 1,698,019,520 1,767,274,003 1,839,342,677 1,914,339,562 1,992,383,288 2,073,597,277 2,158,109,942 2,246,054,882 2,337,571,099 2,432,803,206 2,531,901,664 2,635,023,009 2,742,330,102 2,853,992,382 2,970,186,133 3,091,094,758 3,216,909,067 3,347,827,575 3,484,056,814 3,625,811,656 3,773,315,646 3,926,801,356 4,086,510,745

2,655,745 2,764,259 2,877,188 2,994,712 3,117,018 3,244,299 3,376,757 3,514,602 3,658,053 3,807,336 3,962,688 4,124,355 4,292,593 4,467,669 4,649,858 4,839,450 5,036,745 5,242,054 5,455,702 5,678,027 5,909,380 6,150,127 6,400,647 6,661,338 6,932,610 7,214,893 7,508,631 7,814,288 8,132,346 8,463,308 8,807,696 9,166,052 9,538,942 9,926,954 10,330,699

Page 33


REFERENCES 1. Africa’s Greenest Flight http://www.flysaa.com/za/en/flyingSAA/News/Africas_Greenest_Flight_First_flight_to_operate_with _biofuel_made_from_locally_grown_tobacco_plants.html 2. ICAO Doc 9988 – Guidance on the Development of the State Action Plans on CO2 Emissions Reduction Activities

3. White Paper on National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP), draft, July, 2016.

Page 34


Department of Transport- South Africa Tel: +27 12 309 3000 www.transport.gov.za

Page 35

South African State Action Plan: 2016

Recommend Documents