- the potentials and the obstacles on the road to make it

ADAS

Advanced Driver Assistence Systems

Automotive Radar

from comfort to safety and beyond - the potentials and the obstacles on the road to make it happen

Holger H. Meinel Automotive Radar Expert Retired, formerly with Daimler AG, Stuttgart

[email protected] 2016-08-13 MFI Technical/ Barbecue meeting Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 1

ADAS


Introduction – why me ?

1974 That was me - then !

Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 2

ADAS

Contents


Google, Car OEMs, Tier1s, Research Institutes

•  Motivation - the road traffic death toll

•  History – the technical beginning - from “swords to ploughs” to safety

Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Cities

•  Today - State-of-the Art – the commercial Driverless EVs as the City Cars of the Future going-on - today’s frequencies – 24 & 77/ 81 ! GHz Congestion Pollution - paradigm change: from comfort to ! safety !  Safety

Convenience •  Future - what’s necessary ! and available ?

- technically - commercially - politically • 

21.02.15&

WF6_03&&,&The&Future&of&Autonomous&Driving&,&Dominique&Bonte& Both for consumer and commercial vehicles

2&

!  Driverless taxis !  Driverless delivery vans !  Driverless cars for elderly, kids, and impaired

Conclusion 21.02.15&


WF6_03&&,&The&Future&of&Autonomous&Driving&,&Dominique&Bonte&

10&

13. August 2016 3

ADAS

Why ?


Road traffic deaths by WHO region European (+ North-West Asia)

118 000

Eastern Mediterran

Western Pacific

175 000 America

142 000

Africa

234 000

278 000 South-East Asia

285 000

Worldwide approximately 1.23 million fatalities per year source: global status report on road safety, WHO 2009


13. August 2016 4

ADAS



Weltweite Fahrzeugzulassungen

13. August 2016 5

ADAS



The Vision

13. August 2016 6

ADAS


But ! – the turn-around in Europe

From: Alain Dunoyer, SBD, UK Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 7

ADAS

Early History – ACC in Europe

Prof. Rolland Potentials and Obstacles

PHILIPS

SEL

SEL

LUCAS

HIT

VDO


13. August 2016 8

ADAS


Early History - ACC

1974 – the first 35 GHz Distance Warning Radar (DWR) from TELEFUNKEN Technical Data


13. August 2016 9

ADAS

Early History – Telefunken DWR

TFK-Bosch 35 GHz Radar on a MAN Truck



13. August 2016 10

ADAS

Early History – ACC worldwide

TOYOTA

C-Model


DASA – A-Model


IZUZU TRW

VW-Rockwell

NISSAN

Fujitsu Sensor

13. August 2016 11

ADAS


History – CWS 20 years ago 1996 – the first 24 GHz Collision Warning System (CWS) from EATON VORAD in series production


13. August 2016 12

ADAS


History – CWS 20 years ago

1997 •  more than 4.000 systems installed •  over 900 million km driven (trucks & buses)

GREYHOUND bus with Oregon license plate pictured in Atanta, GA

ks c u r T Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 13

ADAS

History & Background Advanced Driver Assistence Systems

9 9 9 1

…

o t ds

g u plo

w r e o n e w h t s -

… hs

t r sta

Source: 20th SAMPE Europe, Paris, 13th -15th April 1999


13. August 2016 14

ADAS

- overview 2012

Source: ADAC Test Zentrum, Landsberg


State-of-the-Art


13. August 2016 15

ADAS


Summarized table of results

Tier 1

2012 Conti

Source: ADAC Test Zentrum, Landsberg

Conti Delphi Autocruise Bosch Fujitsu-Ten Delphi elesys

CPA 2.0


Autoliv Delphi

13. August 2016 16

ADAS


State-of-the-Art - Systems

•  ACC in the form of Distronic Plus (at MB) was only the beginning and a

and we have •  CPA (today 3.0) – Collision Prevention Assist Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Distronic Plus®

Brake Assist PLUS

AUDI

•  Brake Assist PLUS (BAS) •  PRE-SAFE Brake

Design Clou

prerequisite for further advanced systems, like

PRE-SAFE® Brake

Available since spring 2009


13. August 2016 17

ADAS


State-of-the-Art – brake assist

•  PRE-SAFE Brake

Based on a 77 GHz ACC sensor Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 18

ADAS


State-of-the-Art - e.g. NISSAN

The „all-around collision-free car“ incorporates applications, like •  •  •  • 

Safety shield Intelligent Brake Assist Active stability assist RCTA


13. August 2016 19

ADAS


State-of-the-Art - LRR & SRR – Mercedes-Benz promising results

ADAS could reduce accidents by 80 % Today roughly one accident per 280,000 miles driven 2040 only one accident per 1,600,000 miles driven Source: KPMG – August 2015


13. August 2016 20

ADAS


1971 – 16 GHz Dunlop and Assoc. - the first BSD Sensor

Development 1995 – 24 GHz HE Microwave Corp. SDS - Side Detection System

of BS Monitoring

2012 – 24 GHz UWB Autoliv/ Mercedes-Benz Active Blind Spot assist

The Electronic Shoulder Check No-one can see what is going on behind their back. This limitation has always been compensated in vehicles by means of rear-view and exterior mirrors. One area nevertheless remains: the blind spot. Every year, around 9,500 serious road accidents in Germany are caused by motorists, failing to take heed of the traffic behind.

IEEE G-MTT 1971 Wash. DC


IEEE MTT-S 1995 San Francisco

www.daimler.com

13. August 2016 21


State-of-the-Art - SRR sensors CONTI - SRR

ADAS

Europe being at the forefront of ADAS and EBS sensor systems - not only in Europe, but worldwide VALEO

- being employed by Audi, BMW, Mazda, KIA, Peugeot, VW, Volvo …

Rear/Side Radar

- being employed by GM, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, GMC (trucks) …

•  Autoliv (UWB-sensor) - being employed by Mercedes-Benz (MFA & MRA)

24GHz UWB Multi Mode Radar

Autoliv UWB MMR

•  Valeo (NB-sensor)

BSD, LCA, RCTA, PCR 24 GHz

Cross Traffic

Hella G20

•  Hella (NB-sensor)

Task:

Hella as well assensor Valeo have than 2 Mio. units p.a. in 2014 Offer a single platform that is capable ofeach supporting a sold wide variety more of applications via software modes that are customizable for the application of interest.

Potentials and Obstacles Solution:

13. August 2016 22

State-of-the-Art

ADAS

- component requirements


Besondere Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie

Automobile sind langlebige Produkte

•  Elektronik wird auf 15 Jahre/ 300.000km/ 8000 h ausgelegt

Hohe Anforderungen an Umweltbeständigkeit, abhängig vom Verbauort im Fahrzeug

•  Temperatur, Feuchte, Vibration, Chemikalien

Hohe Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit der Komponenten

•  Ausfallraten im ppm Bereich werden gefordert

Diese Anforderungen bleiben – letztendlich - nachzuweisen ! Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 23

State-of-the-Art

ADAS

- component requirements


Package temperature 85°C Distronic PLUS - 2013 Minimum temperature -30 °C (due to 2015 adhesive IEEE MTT-Smaterials) International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility Channel temperature 185 °C A. Semiconductor MTBFTechnology

IMST – 24 GHz Sensor

Applicable for low cost - plastic - packages

Bosch LRR3

RF, DC, 10 years

Long gone are the times when realizing a millimeter-wave frontend was an obscure art, only a select few groups were capable of realizing and the components used were precious like diamonds. Nowadays, almost any high-speed semiconducContinental ARS300 tor technology effortlessly achieves transistor speeds beyond 100 GHz. Higher transistor speed typically translates to lower power, lower noise and a better design margin. Fig.2 shows a comparison of the measured transistor performance for modern silicon semiconductor technologies that are being used for millimeter-wave design. The data for SiGe bipolar devices was collected from [1]–[7]. The data on measured CMOS transistor performance was extracted from [8]. It can be seen, that the transistor performance of SiGe bipolar devices can still outperform CMOS transistors, even down to 28 nm. Also, SiGe devices can have a very high performance even with large feature sizes, because of the Potentials and Obstacles vertical nature of the transistor. The key advantage of modern CMOS nodes with double-

power and digital signal distribution, mechanical carrier of electronic components, and for thermal management. Fig.3 shows the PCB of the MRR with antenna and frontend integrated circuits on the top side, and baseband with digital electronics on the bottom side.

(a) Front Fig. 3.

(b) Back RF PCB of the Bosch MRR [12]

With increasing performance requirements, fulfilling all these demands gets more difficult and expensive, so new solutions for PCB and package are required. One approach

13. August 2016 24

ADAS

State-of-the-Art

- sensor manufacturers in Europe •  Europe being at the forefront of ADAS and EBS sensor systems Advanced Driver Assistence Systems

- not only in Europe, but worldwide CONTI ARS300/301

•  Continental ARS 300/301 (the bench) – ARS 400 - being employed by Cadillac (ATS), Hyundai (Equus), Hongqi (Q3) - BMW, MB (MRA), Volvo …. BOSCH – LRR3

•  Bosch LRR 3 – LRR 4 - being employed by Audi, MB (MFA), Lancia, Porsche, VW ….

•  Autocruise AC 20 - AC1000 - being employed by Citroen, PSA, Renault, VW … - being employed by Opel (GM), Ford …

•  Hella - being employed by Audi, BMW, Mazda, KIA, Peugeot, VW, Volvo …

ACC 77 GHz

Autocruise AC 20

•  Delphi (research in Wuppertal)

•  Valeo - being employed by GM, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, GMC (trucks) …

Infineon announced in July 2015 to have manufactured more than 10 million radar chips for cars (Source: Microwave Journal) Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 25

ADAS


State-of-the-Art - LRR sensor manufacturers in Europe

CONTI ARS400

Europe being still at the forefront of ADAS and EBS sensor systems •  Continental ARS 300/301 (the bench up to today) - being employed by Cadillac (ATS), Hyundai (Equus), Hongqi (Q3) - BMW, MB (MRA), Volvo …. BOSCH – LRR4

•  Continental ARS 400 - to be started by MB (MRA) – E-class: BR213/ 2016 •  Bosch LRR 3 – LRR 4 (Porsche to start with now)

ACC 77 GHz

Delphi RACam - being employed by Audi, MB (MFA), Lancia, Porsche, VW …. Integrated Radar and Camera

- being employed by Citroen, PSA, Renault, VW, Ford + GM (USA) …

•  Delphi - RACam - being employed by Opel (GM), Ford, FAW, Yutong … Potentials and Obstacles

A compact, cost-effective and high-performance Advanced Driving Assistance DELPHI RACam System (ADAS) Delphi is the first to provide a single system combining 76Ghz Radar and Vision Sensing. With a compact design the system can be integrated behind the windshield and enables a broad array of active safety features, as lane tracking, collision avoidance or adaptive cruise control. The visual detection is performed by a 1/3” CMOS Image Sensor supplied by a leader in the CIS automotive industry. The sensor is surmounted by a specific 7-lens module and the Mobileye EyeQ3 SoC is used for video processing. Concerning the radar function, Receiver and Transmitter chips from Infineon using SiGe HBT technology are assembled by wire bonding on the RF Board. The Antenna board uses a PTFE-based substrate and is equipped with planar antennas for transmission and reception of the RF signals. Based on a complete teardown analysis of the Delphi RACam, the report provides the bill-of-material (BOM) and the manufacturing cost of the system. The report also includes analysis of the Image Sensor and Lens module. A structural analysis, with a comparison with Bosch MRR1, highlights the technical choices in RF design made by Delphi. A physical analysis and manufacturing cost estimation of the Infineon RF

Title: Delphi RACam Pages: 104 Date: January 2016 Format: pdf + xls PRICE: Full report: EUR 3,490

COMPLETE TEARDOWN WITH: • • • • • • • • • • •

Autocruise AC1000

•  Autocruise AC 20 - AC1000 ZF-TRW AC 1000 Evo (SoP 2017)

Detailed Photos Material Analysis PCBs Cross Section and EDX Lens-module Cross Section and EDX CIS Analysis and Cost estimation MCU cost estimation RF Design structural Analysis Comparison with Bosch MRR1 Bill of Material Manufacturing Process Flow Manufacturing Cost Analysis

13. August 2016 26

ADAS

State-of-the-Art - IM


•  It is no longer the question: radar sensor or not •  But the sensor performance under interference conditions Robert Bosch GmbH

Continental AG

Autoliv no MOSARIM member

Daimler AG

Autocruise S.A.

Delphi

KIT – target car

no MOSARIM member

Hella KGaA

Valeo GmbH

MOre Safety for All by Radar Interference Mitigation Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 27

ADAS

Visions

HELLA

BOSCH



13. August 2016 28

ADAS


Autonomous Driving - legislation

1949 – Geneva convention 1968 – Vienna convention (article 8 (5)) Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals

2016 – 1st Amsterdam Amendment (since March 23rd) - systems with influence are allowed - to be overridden or switched off at all times 2016 – 2nd Amsterdam Amendment (due September) - detailing BSD, ACC, etc. From: Francois Guichard, UN Secretary, UNECE Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 29

Autonomous Driving Google, Car OEMs, Tier1s, Research - test vehicles - sedans Institutes

ADAS


Ø  The huge impact on the society AND the automotive industry is barely understood consolidation is inevitable as driverless cars will end a century-long status-quo 21.02.15&



D. Bonte, ABI research: EuRAD 2015 WS, Rome

2&

13. August 2016 30

ADAS

Why ? - Market Forecast


today


13. August 2016 31

ADAS


Autonomous Driving at Mercedes - INTELLIGENT DRIVE

Berta Benz Drive - Sensors Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 32

ADAS


State-of-the-Art - sensor technology road map

[Yole Développement, Sensor technology roadmap and autonomous functions associated, 2015.]


13. August 2016 33

ADAS

Autonomous Driving at Mercedes


- INTELLIGENT DRIVE - Sensor and ....

INTELLIGENT DRIVE – Berta Benz Drive 2013 Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 34

Products

Yutong Plus

Service

Home > Products > ZK6126HGA

ADAS


Google, Car OEMs, Tier1s, Research Institutes

Worldwide activities - 15/16 ZK6126HGA Safe

Comfortable Durable

‘Drive Me’ – Volvo Car Group (VCC) Sweden 21.02.15&

‘iBUS’ – Yutong Bus Co. Ltd. China ‘European Truck Platooning Challenge’ – creating the next generation of mobility for 2025 - April 2016 Europe


Product Features

Configuration Parameters

Sec

Source: Yutong

Source: VCC

Reliable

2&

used

2.The

reliab

largel

http://en.yutong.com/products/ZK6126HGA-LatinAmerica.shtml

Source: SWP-Ulm


1.The

13. August 2016 35

ADAS


Near Future Trend (1) – sedans

2013-12-02 09:07

Source: VCC

Volvo Car Group (VCC) initiates a world unique pilot project with self-driving cars on public roads

‘Drive Me’ – Self-driving cars for sustainable mobility’ is a joint initiative between VCC, the Swedish Transport Administration, the Swedish Transport Agency, Lindholmen Science Park and the City of Gothenburg. The ‘Drive Me’ project is endorsed by the Swedish Government and based on the WF6_03&&,&The&Future&of&Autonomous&Driving&,&Dominique&Bonte& SARTRE results. The aim is to pinpoint the societal benefits of autonomous driving and position Sweden and Volvo Cars as leaders in the development of future mobility.

21.02.15&

2&

Scope to start with: 70 kph max. – no on-coming traffic – certified roads (maps) Source: J. Ekmark; VCC: Automotive Tech.AD 2015

The first autonmous cars (100) are expected to be on the roads in Gothenburg by 2017 Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 36

ADAS


Near Future Trend (2) – sedans Source: J. Ekmark; VCC: Automotive Tech.AD 2015

'"#$%$&'( )*+ '

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13. August 2016 37

ADAS


Near Future Trend (3) – sedans

LiDAR sensors, emitting short pulses of laser light, co-operate with cameras to sense nearby objects and allow the automated vehicle to create a real-time, highdefinition 3D image of its surroundings. This works extremely well in fine weather. But what happens when the cameras and sensors can't see the road markings because they are buried in snow? Then, the autonomous technology has a real problem. SNOWY ! STILL A CHANCE FOR DRIVERLESS CARS ? ! Volvo has therefore created a mechanism by which the Drive Me cars will make a decision. “We have designed it so that each car will make an assessment to see if the conditions are ok for self-driving. That assessment will then be sent via a connectivity link to the Volvo cloud. Here, data from all cars will be aggregated and a decision is made if the weather in Gothenburg is appropriate for self-driving or not.” From the LinkedIn BLOG: SELF-DRIVING CARS IN WINTER Feb. 19th 2016


13. August 2016 38

ADAS


ADAS in China - October 2015

The 2nd International Forum on Intelligent V

The 5th Annual Conference of Telematics I

Xanadu HOTEL

Chengdu, Sichuan October 24th & 25th Chengdu, the home of the Pandas Potentials and Obstacles

The First Chinese Intelligent Vehicle Ex

Invitation Manua 13. August 2016 39

Autonomous Driving

ADAS

- Computer School of Wuhan University


Double Antenna GPS

2014

Delphi Radar


Source: Ming LI, Wuhan University

Stereo Camera

13. August 2016 40

ADAS


ADAS-Research in China ZK6126HGA-Yutong

NSFC – National Natural Science Foundation of China – founded 1998 Products

2010 

Parking aid/ traffic light tests

Home > Products > ZK6126HGA

ZK6126HGA Safe

2011 

Urban tests in inner Mongolia (Hongqi Q3)

Comfortable Durable Reliable

2012 

12 Univ. involved – incl. NDTU, Shanghai (National Defense Technology Univ. – using a Hyundai test vehicle)

2013 

118 Univ. involved – 18 different test areas and teams Product Features

2014 

Bridges, U-turns in „clean“ (closed road) and urban environment

2015 

iBus – intelligent bus drive on the 29th of August (Yutong); 3 eyes, i.e. cameras, radar and Lidar (26 km, 26 traffic lights, vmax: 68km/h & 2 pass. stops)


Hyundai test vehicle

First tests – Fiat involved providing the test vehicle

Service

FAW Hongqi Q3

2009 

Yutong Plus

Configuration Parameters

Secu

1.The

used f

2.The

reliabl

largely

13. August 2016 41

ADAS


Autonomous Driving - FAW in China

FAW - Hongqi HQ3 sedan on the Beijing-Zhuhai-Highway in 2011 built by NDTU: National Defense Technology University in Shanghai

FAW – H7 sedan on the Sichuan International Fair 2015, in October in Chengdu, China with full a-drive features

Ø  The driverless Hongqui HQ3 doesn't use GPS. Rather, it relies solely on its cameras and sensors. Its computer is capable of making driving decisions in 40 milliseconds compared with the 500 milliseconds a human driver takes, and because the HQ3 can respond more quickly to traffic scenarios, it's theoretically safer. Liane Yvkoff: China hot on Google‘s heels, 08/08/2011


13. August 2016 42

ADAS


Yutong - iBus

Product Features

Configuration Pa

-  being tested on August 29th, 2015 in an open urban environment -  4 lidars ( forward, 2 x sides, back) -  1 radar (77 GHz LRR) advanced emergency braking system implemented -  2 cameras (1x LDW, 1x traffic lights*) -  night vision system -  Sig-Net: actual online traffic data com. -  maintance management system engine, chassis, etc. -  results achieved: 26 km driven autonomously - with 26 traffic lights - 2 stops for passengers - several passing by sequences - vmax: 68km/h Potentials and Obstacles

http://en.yutong.com/products/ZK6126HGA-LatinAmerica.shtml

Source: Sophie Lee; Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co. LTD. Electronics & Control Research

Yutong iBus – the intelligent urban bus

*) black & red camera 13. August 2016 43

ADAS


Near Future Trend – buses TEB -  transit elevated bus -  shown in Qinghuangdao this week -  up to 300 passengers -  Est. Price per unit: 4 Mio. €

Source: SWP – Ulm, 13.08.2016 Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 44

ADAS


European Truck Platooning Challenge

Creating the next generation of Mobility for 2025 - organised by Rijkswaterstaat and TNO Participating:

DAF Trucks (NL) Daimler Trucks (D) IVECO (I) MAN Trucks & Buses (D) Scania (S) Volvo Group (S)


13. August 2016 45

ADAS


European Truck Platooning Challenge

Creating the next generation of Mobility for 2025 - organised by Rijkswaterstaat and TNO

Truck platooning is innovative and full of promise and potential for the transport sector. •  braking immediately, with zero reaction time, platooning can improve traffic safety. •  platooning is a cost-saver as the trucks drive close together at a constant speed. This means lower fuel consumption and less CO2 emissions. •  platooning efficiently boosts traffic flows. Meanwhile the short distance between vehicles means less space taken up on the road.


13. August 2016 46

ADAS


Near Future Trend –

trucks

Creating the next generation of Mobility - organised by Rijkswaterstaat and TNO

Driven on open roads


13. August 2016 47

Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Cities

ADAS


Driverless EVs as the City Cars of the Future

Google COCOON radar !  Congestion !  Pollution !  Safety !  Convenience Both for consumer and commercial vehicles !  Driverless taxis !  Driverless delivery vans

21.02.15&



Cicero Vaucher et al.: Radar sensing, system solutions and technology partitioning, WMI -Workshop on Autonomous Vehicles IMS 2016 May 23rd, 2016

!  Driverless cars for elderly, kids, and impaired

13. August 2016 48

10&

ADAS



Near Future Trend – cocoon radar

13. August 2016 49

ADAS


What is necessary ? - technologically, commercially & politically

•  All available sensors are needed (redundancy) - radar, lidar, cameras (single, stereo, tri-focal)…. •  Worldwide frequency regulations

-34(6)%'&"%'9

- for radar employment

•  Pedestrian recognition

- picture like- and micro-Doppler (wheel, pedestrian) processing

•  Security, safety and reliability

- ASIL definitions beyond ISO 26262

•  Artificial intelligence using neural networks to “learn”

#Possible#“in#situ”#>#Measurements#on#AutomoBve#Radar#Sensors#

- “powerful supercomputing” *

•  Simple verification measurements for all types of sensors/ systems - ok – not ok •  HMI standards •  Societal aspects - user acceptance and -trust

* D. Shapiro, NVIDIA, USA

Possible(“in(situ”(.(Measurements(on(Automo4ve(Radar(Sensors|((Sept.(9th,(2015(

Car OEMs will need to demonstrate industrial vision and leadership Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 50

International Necessities

ADAS


- worldwide frequency regulations

•  77 – 81 GHz SRR for BSD/ LCA + applications Countries with approved regulations or regulations under negotiation

Source: 79

GHz

www.79ghz.eu


13. August 2016 51

ADAS


Why – technology vision ! - bandwidth requirement

The 360°electronic Skin - cocooning - safety shield From the mechanical crumple zone…

…to the electronic crumple zone

Source: Daimler Research


13. August 2016 52

ADAS


International Necessities - achieved regulations

WARC 2015 – Nov. 17th 2015 - defined: Automotive radar at 76 to 81 GHz is a „primary service“ now - other possible users have to make sure, that they do not interfere with this primary service (e.g. NavTech) - They have to protect the functioning as a safety feature for cars The band is not yet fully established.: - Canada, US and China up to 79 GHz only - should be open in 2 years ...

Automotive radar at 136 to 141 GHz might be the choice for the future - However - the packaging problems have to be solved Thomas Weber: ECO – European Commission Office, Copenhagen Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 53

ADAS


Technology – higher frequencies

•  Automotive radar above 100 GHz 122 GHz for short range parking aids * 150 GHz for increased resolution è “picture taking“ by radar ** **

*

122 GHz sensor realization Source: DE 102006062725 from Bosch


13. August 2016 54

Autonomous Driving

ADAS

- micro Doppler processing

Doppler signature of a walking pedestrian & a vehicle Potentials and Obstacles

Source: Markus Andres, Daimler

power in dB

Based on chirp sequence

power in dB


Wheel recognition 13. August 2016 55

ADAS


Autonomous Driving - the processing

Source: D. Shapiro, NVIDIA, USA, Automotive Tech.AD 2015, Berlin


13. August 2016 56

Cicero Vaucher et al.: Radar sensing, system solutions and technology partitioning, WMI -Workshop on Autonomous Vehicles IMS 2016 May 23rd, 2016

ADAS



Signal processing

- the big picture

Google – the big picture

13. August 2016 57

ADAS

Measurement technology


- “in situ” ?

#Possible#“in#situ”#>#Measurements#on#AutomoBve#Radar#Sensors#


13. August 2016 58

What is necessary ?

ADAS


- standardization

A logical HMI standardization is needed *

here: BSD

•  Initiating the different systems ACC, BSD, LCA, etc.

•  Displaying the relevant information timing, deccelleration procedures

•  Resulting in the same functions how to display it * Automotive Tech.AD 2015, Berlin

Ø  Otherwise the customer is not able to deal with the systems correctly and safely Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 59

WF6_04 - The social and societal Implications of Autonomous Driving


Eva Fraedrich Humboldt-University Berlin – Transport Geography Division

Autonomous Driving: Integration of individual and societal perspectives in the technical innovation and transformation process.

The societal implication

ADAS

- EuRAD 2015 Workshop in Rome

Conclusion Statements like “car drivers are open to automated driving in principle” (Continental 2013: 42) have to be handled with caution: • It matters who imagines to use the technology where, when, and in what context • Merely responding to a technology that makes cars safer, more comfortable and efficient is not enough – specific usage perspectives of autonomous driving should be explored in depth. Acceptance of autonomous driving is not only a question about whether individuals are ready to use autonomous vehicles but also about the societal implications that come along with the technology – and how they are perceived • Individual and societal aspects of acceptance have to be considered.

... remember Greyhound in the 90ies !!!

Ø  Slowly Step-by-step instead of an disruptive innovation !?! 7/9/2014


WF6_04 - “Autonomous Driving: Integration of individual and societal perspectives in the technical innovation and transformation process" - “Eva Fraedrich"

14

13. August 2016 60

The societal implication

ADAS

- EuRAD 2014 Workshop in Rome


WF6-02 The Social and Societal Implications of Autonomous Driving

Chris Schreiner Director – Automotive Consumer Insights Strategy Analytics

Societal Implication of Autonomous Driving

Consumer Interest Consumer Interest in Autonomous Vehicles (Western Europe) Compared to other ADAS, consumers express far less interest in autonomous driving. 1/3 not at all interested in autonomous highway driving.

SWP – U

lm

Almost half not at all interested in Novem ber 2015 full autonomous driving. The word “autonomous” has negative connotations and drives interest down.

Ø  Slowly Step-by-step instead of an disruptive innovation !?! Potentials and Obstacles

WF6$%$The$Societal$Implica3on$of$Autonomous$Driving$%$Chris$Schreiner$$

13. August 2016 61


Conclusion

•  Pedestrian recognition

- DBF & switchable modulation waveforms

power in dB

ADAS

•  All available sensors are needed (redundancy) - radar, lidar, cameras (single, stereo, tri-focal)….

-34(6)%'&"%'9

•  Further enhancement in sensor fusion

- early or later in processing ? (zFAS vs. distributed processing)

•  Societal aspects

- user acceptance and -trust has to be built up (remember Greyhound 1997)

- not to forget responsibility ! Car OEMs will need to demonstrate industrial vision and leadership Potentials and Obstacles

13. August 2016 62

ADAS


Technology – better performance

From: RADAR 2012 Les Gregory Director - BAE SYSTEMS


13. August 2016 63


Radar is it ! Potentials and Obstacles

Thank you for your attention

Source: Varian Assoc., USA, about 1985

ADAS

13. August 2016 64

- the potentials and the obstacles on the road to make it

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