AIR ASAM TAMBANG SEBAGAI KOAGULAN ACID MINE DRAINAGE AS COAGULANT Rizqi Amalia 1) dan Welly Herumurti 2) Teknik Lingkungan, ITS Gedung Teknik Lingkungan Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60211 Email: 1)
[email protected]; 2)
[email protected] ABSTRAK Air permukaan dan air run off penambangan batubara pada umumnya mempunyai kekeruhan dan TSS (Total Suspended Solid) yang tinggi. Disamping air run off, permasalahan lain yang dihadapi oleh industri pertambangan adalah adanya Air Asam Tambang (AAT), yaitu: air dengan pH rendah dan seringkali mengandung logam berat. AAT dan air dengan kekeruhan dan TSS yang tinggi akan mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan penggunaan AAT sebagai alternatif koagulan dalam pengolahan air run off dan air permukaan. Kekeruhan, pH, DHL (Daya Hantar Listrik), TSS, dan logam (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Ni, Cu) diamati dalam penelitian ini. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitas awal sampel (nilai kekeruhal,TSS dan pH), dosis AAT,dan waktu pengendapan. Pengujian sampel dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan koagulasi-flokulasi menggunakan jar test. AAT dibandingkan dengan koagulan komersial, yaitu: alumunium sulphate dan ferric sulphate. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis biaya dari dosis optimum masing-masing koagulan. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa penggunaan AAT sebagai koagulan berpengaruh pada penurunan nilai TSS, kekeruhan, dan pH. AAT bekerja pada pH optimum 6,08. Dosis optimum AAT pada pengolahan air run off adalah 6,345 mg Fe/L. Untuk dosis optimum pada pengolahan air permukaan dengan kekeruhan awal 50 NTU dan 100 NTU adalah 6,345 mg Fe/L, sedangkan dosis optimum untuk air permukaan dengan kekeruhan awal 500 NTU adalah 8,46 mg Fe/L. Efektifitas AAT relatif sama dengan koagulan komersial dan memenuhi baku mutu. Oleh karena itu, AAT dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif koagulan dalam pengolahan air dengan kekeruhan dan TSS yang tinggi (air run off dan air permukaan). Kata Kunci : Air run off, air asam tambang kekeruhan, koagulan. ABSTRACT Surface water and coal mining run off water generally has high turbidity and TSS (Total Suspended Solid). Beside run off water, another problem in mining industry is the presence of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), which is water with low pH and often contain heavy metals. AAT and water with high turbidity and TSS could pollute the environment if it is not managed properly. The aim of this study is to determine the used of AMD as alternatif coagulant for run off water and surface water. Turbidity, pH, DHL (conductivity), TSS and metal (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Ni, Cu) were observed in this study. The variables were intial water quality (turbidity,TSS and pH), AMD dosage and settling time. Tests were conducted in laboratory scale by coagulation-flocculation using jar test. The AMD were compared with commercial coagulants which were alumunium sulphate and ferric sulphate. A cost analysis of the optimum dosage for each coagulant were also compared. Based on the experiment, the AMD gave coagulant effect on the declining in value of TSS, turbidity and pH. AMD reached the optimum pH of 6,08. For the optimum dosage of AMD on run off water were 6.345 mg Fe/L, while the optimum dosage for the treatment of surface water for initial turbidity 50 NTU and 100 NTU were 6.345 mg Fe/L, whereas optimum dosage for the treatment of surface water for initial turbidity 500 NTU were 8.46 mg Fe/L. Effectiveness of AMD were quite similar with comercial coagulant and proven to meet quality standards. The AMD
could be used as alternative coagulant in water treatment with high turbidity and TSS (run-off water and surface water). Keywords: acid mine drainage, coagulant, run off water, turbidity.
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