ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IMPACT OF REALITY

ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Online Open Access publishing platform for Management Research © Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing association

Research Article

ISSN 2229 – 3795

Impact of reality shows on common man and its sustainability Subramaniam. S1, Himanshu Tiwari2 1- Associate Professor, Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies, Atrey Layout, Nagpur 2- Assistant Professor, Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies, Atrey Layout, Nagpur [email protected]

ABSTRACT With the manifestation of many new television channels, there has been an up increase in the competition amongst each of these channels. Whether through transmission of reality shows, religious pilgrimage broadcast or figuring out their position by telecasting array of programmes for kids or women, each of these channels is relying profoundly on creativity and out of the box philosophy. Aim To understand the awareness of reality shows, and to analyze the impact of reality show on male and female audience. The other objective of the study is to identify the most viewed channel as far as reality shows are concerned. Methodology A questionnaire has been prepared and it is sent through Google drive. The response received from the questionnaire will be analyzed. Hypothesis There is a significant difference in awareness level about the reality shows among male and female. There is a significant difference in impact level of the reality shows among male and female. Findings The researcher is expecting more than 100 responses. The data will be analyzed with the help of statistical tools. The interpretations will be submitted in the tabular form. Managerial implications The research will help the channel owners to understand the pulse of the common man and it can be utilized by the channel managers to bring more and more reality shows. Originality This is an original version of impact of reality shows on common man and its sustainability.

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Impact of reality shows on common man and its sustainability Subramaniam. S, Himanshu Tiwari

Limitations 1. Many people don’t watch reality shows 2. The response of the respondent may not be full proof. Keywords: Impact, Common man, Reality shows, Sustain, 1.

Introduction

As the economic flood gates opened in India, a new age of entertainment insurgency is being observed. The television continues to inundate our screens and lives alike. This has been an overall impact of globalization and liberalization, which has maneuvered to the growth of so many new channels in India. With the manifestation of many new television channels, there has been an up increase in the competition amongst each of these channels. Whether through transmission of reality shows, religious pilgrimage broadcast or figuring out their position by telecasting array of programmes for kids or women, each of these channels is relying profoundly on creativity and out of the box philosophy. Any fresh concept or a programme dished out on a channel- if is successful , results in a mad rat race of other television channels for showcasing similar programmes with slight modification. It is one of the ways to boost their channel ratings and the end is always to outdo the other channels. Indian reality shows are the latest buzzword for the television industry. Reality TV is the latest mantra of television producers and channel executives. It is the technique to amplify TRP ratings. Most of the television shows which are being telecast nowadays are reality shows specializing in dancing, singing, and acting. So fierce is the competition in this segment that every channel boasts of at least two to three reality shows. Some of them are legally genetic from abroad, (frequently from the USA) or some are cheap copies of the shows abroad. The Indian reality shows have also been consistently successful in offering an ample range, from Talent Hunt Shows, to dance dramas, to acting --flicks, talk shows, cookery shows, chat shows,....the „reality hunt list‟ is endless”. 1.1 History of reality shows- western influence Reality television programmes have been around since the first broadcast of Candid Camera in the late 1940’s, although it has not been until recently years that these types of shows have gained immense popularity. The debut of Survivor in 2000 has been credited with the commencement of reality programming in the current television landscape (Rowen, 2000). Most of reality television programming is geared to individuals less than twenty five years of age (Frank, 2003). Frank suggests that younger viewers are drawn to these shows because they depict characters and situations that are relevant to their everyday lives. Nabi et al. (2003) felt that regular viewers watched because they found it entertaining and that it was enjoyable to watch another’s life as it enhanced their own awareness about themselves. Casually viewers watched because they were bored or because they enjoyed watching another’s life. 1.2 History of reality shows- Indian scenario In India, reality television came with the advent of “Sa Re Ga Ma”. As a result, the flood gates unlocked and reality television has swamped our television screens and lives identical. Nevertheless these shows are made for attention-grabbing viewing; they turn out to be dull ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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and impractical. It is apparent that the show has been scripted, even if loosely. If one channel boasts of “Jhalak Diklaja”, a replica of the American dance reality show “Dancing with the Stars”, then the other one has “Nach Baliye” to counteract its audience value. Both the shows boast of television heavyweights, but at epoch, the soup dole out by these shows becomes a concoction of soap operas, bad production values and precarious mudslinging. Unlike its foreign contemporary where contestants‟ master classic dance styles like the rumba-samba, jive, ballroom etc, these shows make the contestants dance on ordinary Hindi songs which make the show quite ordinary. Then there are the flashy talent shows, typically singing or dancing, which make us every one, think that any new talent is valueless unless it can be taken to the stage. The most horrible seems to be the inclusion of children to these shows. Apart from the very evident labour of shooting these shows, the most disturbing issue is the unearthliness of dance, crude choices of songs and impolite costumes for children aged between 5 and 10.These shows (apart from becoming platforms for movies to be publicized) also produce talent which very soon goes into anonymity. There are other brands of reality shows – quizzes. “The Bournvita Quiz Contest” remained and will always remain, without doubt, the epitome of dignified, knowledgeable and apolished format of fun and delight for children as well as adults. Derek O‟ Brien will everlastingly remain the expert host who set trends for future knowledge based game shows. The lone contemporary who stands shoulder to shoulder with him is the ageless Siddhartha Basu, whose “Mastermind India” produced geniuses par excellence from among us. In modern times, Amitabh Bachchan brought himself out from oblivion along with respect for the medium of television, in the incomparable show “Kaun Banega Crorepati”, an imitation of the hit “Who wants to be a Millionaire”. Shah Rukh Khan hosted the same show with desirable fervor and also brought out the desi version of “Are You Smarter than a Fifth Grader”, however lacking success. In this regard, it is mandatory to mention, Neena Gupta‟s brilliant yet sarcastic take on “The Weakest Link”, which did not go well among the audience due to the stinging corns by the hostess. The most recent entrant into this section is Salman Khan with his new show “Dus ka Dum”. MTV brought out two reality shows centered on today’s youth. “Roadies”, especially “Roadies 5.0” along with “Splitsvilla” served as new versions of reality which got the youth hooked on to their idiot boxes. 2.

Literature review

Reality television programming has been around since the first broadcast of Candid Camera in the late 1940’s. It has not been until recently that these types of shows have gained immense popularity. The debut of Survivor in 2000 has been credited with beginning the infiltration of reality programming in the current television landscape (Rowen, 2000). Individuals are embracing this genre of television programming as a relatively permanent fixture in television programming. In 2003 the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences added "Best Reality Show" as an Emmy category (Rowen, 2000). This has led to the development of many types of reality programming formats. While the research in this area is relatively limited despite the recent surge in reality programming, in what follows I aim to summarize previous research in this area. The increase in reality programming is undoubtedly related to with the increasing number of cable channels, which allows advertisers to reach niche markets (Hiebert and Gibbons, 2000). ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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The majority of reality television programming is geared towards the individuals under twenty five years old (Frank, 2003). MTV has been presenting the Real World to this target younger demographic for more than ten years. Frank (2003) suggests that younger viewers are drawn to these shows because they depict characters and situations that are relevant to their everyday lives. However, it was not until the debut of Survivor in the year 2000 (Rowen, 2000), that reality television has gained a spot on network primetime television, where the reality genre shows began to target an older demographic (Rowen, 2000). There is a variety of shows that still target the younger demographic, but now there are more shows that target a much wider demographic. For example, network primetime shows such as The Apprentice target the 1849 demographic (Rowen, 2000). Therefore, it is most likely that a greater range of individuals are watching reality television today than in the past. Nabi et al. (2003) examined the genre of reality television programming itself. Multidimensional space analysis, of all television shows, indicates that reality television is a genre that is distinct from all of the other preexisting genres; However, not all reality shows should be considered one cohesive genre (Nabi et al., 2003). Two dimensions were found in the analysis, with the first one presented as a continuum as to how suited the programs are for primetime programming. The second dimension is fiction real. This is a continuum based on whether the programs were portrayed as fictional or realistic based shows. Some "reality" shows were listed as fictional because for some reason, the audience did not perceive the show as realistic (Nabi et al., 2003). Interestingly, not all reality shows were classified as "reality," and not all fictional shows were classified as “fictional.” Some individuals included shows that were not necessarily reality based in their definition of reality programming because they perceived the shows as unrealistic (e.g., soap operas). Therefore, when studying reality television it is important to examine the subcategories within this genre. They include: romantic, talent, quiz, and game (Bailey and Barbato, 2003). In this study, I will examine not only reality television viewing as a whole, but also exposure to subgenres of reality television. Nabi (2007) used multidimensional scaling to understand the subgroups of reality TV programming. There were two dimensions along which viewers thought about reality TV, romance and competitiveness. Dating programs were found to be a unique type of programming that did not relate to other types. Subgroups of reality programming were found to be fluid and difficult for viewers to separate one from another because of the overlap among the categories. Nabi encourages reality TV researchers to focus on the qualities of the programs and not the categories. Some research has sought to discover why people watch reality television. Reiss and Wiltz (2004) asked individuals to rate themselves on Reiss's 16 basic life motives and also to report how much they viewed reality programs and how much they enjoyed these shows. Results indicated that the appeal to reality television programs was dependent on the amount of reality television watched. The more reality programs an individual reported liking, the more status oriented they were, they placed a higher value on vengeance, were more motivated by social life, less motivated by honor, more focused on order, and more concerned with romance. The reality television shows that people prefer to watch are those that stimulate the motives people intrinsically value the most. For example, if they value romantic relationships, they may prefer to watch The Bachelor, of if they value work, they may prefer to watch The Apprentice. Therefore, when determining why people watch reality television, it can be concluded that they select shows based on their individual values, motives, and desires.


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Nabi et al.'s (2003) second study also examined the psychology of the appeal of reality television programming. The hypothesis that individuals enjoy reality television programming for voyeuristic reasons was not fully supported. Individuals indicated that they enjoyed watching other people, but that they were fully aware that the individuals knew they were being watched, which by definition is not voyeuristic. Therefore, Nabi et al. (2003) concluded that people watch reality shows because they enjoy watching real people instead of actors. Further examining the uses and gratifications sought by reality Television audiences, Nabi et al. (2003) found that regular viewers watched because they found it entertaining, for the enjoyment of watching another's life and the self awareness they receive from these programs. Casual viewers watched because they were bored, or because they enjoyed watching another's life. Cognitive and emotional predictors of reality TV were examined by Nabi, Stitt, Halford, and Finnerty (2006). Happiness, parasocial relationships, social comparison, self awareness, negative outcome, and dramatic challenge were related to enjoyment of reality TV. They also found that reality TV appealed less than other genres of TV programming to the audience. This was not because of the negative emotions that it provoked, but the limited ability to evoke positive emotions. Nabi et al. (2006) also determined that perceived reality was not related to enjoyment from viewing reality TV programming. They found that various dimensions of perceived reality were related, but not as a whole. Further research needs to be conducted to understand the relationship between enjoyment and reality TV viewing. Hall (2006) conducted focus groups to understand why participants enjoy watching reality TV programming. Participants enjoyed reality shows most because of their humor and suspense. Reality programs were also found to found to fulfill social functions for the viewers. Respondents reported watching with friends and talking with friends about the reality shows they watched. Participants indicated that their view of reality TV programming as realistic was fluid. The criteria were different from show to show and changed as new shows were broadcast. Therefore, perceived reality may be a difficult concept to measure. Papacharissi and Mendelson (2007) examine the gratifications sought from reality TV. Concurrent with previous research, findings indicate that respondents reported watching reality TV mainly to pass the time or for entertainment purposes. The respondents who reported watching for entertainment were most likely to perceive the shows as realistic. Barton (2006) examined reality TV programming and gratifications obtained. Results indicated that the content of the reality show influenced the gratifications obtained. A new gratification that has not been studied was identified in this study, personal utility. This was one of the strongest predictors of overall gratifications obtained. Personal utility refers to the viewer gaining something personally useful from the program. This research provides support for viewers genre specific programming selection is related to the gratifications obtained. Therefore it is important to understand that the viewers are watching for different reasons. These reasons may lead to differing perception by viewers and thus differing effects. Therefore, the plan is to understand the motives and gratifications sought by reality television viewers by including the television viewing motives scale (Greenberg, 1974). Individual difference variables have also been found to moderate why people watch reality television. In examining the gratifications received from reality television programming, Nabi et al. (2003) found significant sex differences. Men reported to be more entertained by reality programs and formed parasocial relationships more often than women. However, when examining how the sex of the respondent moderates the effects of reality television programming, Reiss and Wiltz (2004), did not find sex had a significant influence on reality television outcomes. Age ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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has also been found a significant influence on reality television outcomes. Younger viewers reported becoming more self aware and entertained from watching reality shows, while older viewers reported engaging in social comparisons from viewing (Nabi et al., 2003). Race also had an impact on media use outcomes. Whites were found to identify with the characters, while nonwhites were found to learn more information from reality television programming (Nabi et al., 2003). Therefore, I plan to include sex, age, and race as individual difference variables to examine if they moderate the relationship between reality television and interpersonal relationship perceptions. Perceived reality is a construct that has been important to media researchers, even before the development of reality television. Potter’s (1988) conceptual definition of perceived reality is a construct composed of three dimensions. The first dimension is the magic window, which is defined as the “belief in the literal reality of television messages” (p.31). This component deals with how much the viewer believes that the mediated message reflects the outside world. Second, utility is defined as the practicality of the viewer applying what is viewed on television in their everyday life. It refers to the relevance and degree to which one can relate the information with their life. Third, identity refers to the identification with a character on television, defined as the degree to which the viewer thinks a character plays a part in the viewers’ actual life (Potter, 1988). Magic window, utility, and identity are central to the understanding of a viewer’s perception of reality because each of these components will affect a viewer's perceived reality of a television program. Certain shows may create different levels of perceived reality. Each of the three components of perceived reality differs by genre, and even show. These components should be analyzed as to how they affect perceived reality of reality programming. I expect that perceived reality may moderate the relationship between reality television and interpersonal relationship perceptions. Studying crime reality television programming, such as America's Most Wanted, Cavender and Bond Maupin (1993) examined perceived reality. Based on the choice of story selection, cinematographic techniques, and the claims they make, these programs were found to depict a very real sense of danger to the audience. Crime drama was found to be high in the identity component (Cavender and Bond Maupin, 1993). The images in these shows allow the viewer to identify with the characters that were presented as victims. The victims were said to possess characteristics that included more people than they excluded. “Participating in reality programs means the audience is part of that reality, making the reality almost indistinguishable from any other aspects of life,” (Cavender and Bond Maupin, 1993). This study suggests that reality programming has a unique form because of the presentation of realistic characters, settings, and plot. One study examined the perceived reality of reality TV programs. Meng and Lugalambi (2003) found that respondents did not view reality programs as realistic. Perceived plausibility of the program mediated the relationship between the type of program viewed and the perceived utility. The authors argue that the best manner to examine perceived reality is by the degree of personal utility that the viewer receives from the reality program. Because reality television is a format of programming that is relatively new, there is limited research regarding this genre of television programming. However, the research that exists in this area tells us some important things to guide in the study of this phenomenon. First, reality television lumped together under one umbrella may distort the effects of each subgenre within reality programming. Second, researchers must take into account the level of commitment of the viewer. Regular viewers have been found to have differing effects than casual viewers (Reiss and Witlz, 2004). Lastly, researchers must understand that individuals ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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watch for different reasons, are motivated by different needs, and thus have different needs satisfied through the watching of this genre of television. Hall A. (2009) investigated whether viewer perceptions of reality programs' authenticity were associated with involvement, enjoyment, and perceived learning. Four dimensions of perceived authenticity were identified: cast eccentricity, representativeness, candidness, and producer manipulation. Perceptions that the cast was not eccentric, that they were representative of people the respondents could meet, that they were behaving candidly, and that the producers were manipulating the show were associated with cognitive involvement. Cast representativeness was also positively associated with social involvement. Each form of involvement was associated with enjoyment. Perceptions of the cast members' representativeness, candidness, and lack of eccentricity were associated with perceived learning. Lundy et. al. (2008) conducted a research study to explore college students' consumption patterns in regard to reality television, their rationale for watching reality shows, their perceptions of the situations portrayed on these shows, and the role of social affiliation in the students' consumption of reality television. The results of focus groups indicated that while participants perceive a social stigma associated with watching reality television, they continue to watch because of the perceived escapism and social affiliation provided. Meti V. and Jange S. (2012) made attempt to explore opinion of the students, research scholars, house maker and teaching faculty's consumption patterns in regard to reality television, their rationale for watching reality shows, their perceptions of the situations portrayed on these shows, and its impact on the society based on the sample of 100 respondents in Gulbarga city of Karnataka state. The results discussed are on types of television programmes viewed, rating of most watched reality shows and its impact on society. When Harshwardhan Nawathe became the first millionaire on the Indian television (in the first season of KBC), an entire nation erupted in joy. The alluring taste of money and fame made TV studios the new destination for changing people's journey in life. 'Small' suddenly became big. Today mega stars like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan,Akshay Kumar and Priyanka Chopra are all there on the small screen as reality show hosts. You name it and you will have a reality show trying to grab your attention. From rustling up meals in the kitchen, sharing bedroom secrets, spying on your companion, giving a tough time to your old flame to choosing your life-partner on the television, everything is there. From Sach ka Samna, Gang Next, Lovenet, Chair, Dare to date, Axe your ex, Iss Jungle se Mujhe Bachao, Rahul dulhaniya le jayega to Rakhi Ka Insaaf, the gamut is just unbelievable. (Nov 23, 2010 – Times of India) While shows like Saath Nibhana Saathiya, Diya Aur Baati Hum, Uttaran, Balika Vadhu, CID, Pavitra Rishta et al have been consistently doing well in terms of popularity charts, reality shows like Sach Ka Saamna... Phir Se Hoga, Mover And Shakers-2 have not been able to make it to the top 10 cut. If last year's reality shows are to be considered, barring Panchkoti Mahamoney Kaun Banega Crorepati, no other show managed to retain the momentum in terms of TVRs. Even a show like Bigg Boss Season 5 which had the star presence of Salman Khan teaming up with Sanjay Dutt, except for the first episode which got a TVR of 4.25, did not climb up to the top 10 programs subsequently. While KBC 5 rode high with the towering brand presence of Amitabh Bachchan. (April 10, 2012 – Times of India).


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2.1 Aim 1. To understand the awareness of reality shows among genders. 2. To evaluate the impact of reality shows on the society. 3. To identify the channel in which the reality shows are viewed the most. 2.2 Research methodology Data has been collected through two sources: 1. Primary Source 2. Secondary Source 2.2.1 Primary data Primary Data has been collected by the method of survey. Questionnaire was made and filled online by the respondents. The questionnaire was prepared to understand the awareness and impact of reality shows on common man. 2.2.2 Secondary data Secondary Data has been collected from Internet, Books, and Journals. 2.2.2 1 Research plan The plan designed to achieve the objective of the research was as follows – 1. Area of Research – The area of research is in and around Nagpur region. 2. Phase – I – The Questionnaire was prepared for the research which was based on the various questions related to viewers of TV, awareness of reality shows, gender, and age group, channels the respondent watches, etc. 3. Phase – II – In this phase, the questionnaire was filled by the respondents. 3.

Hypothesis 1. Null Hypothesis - There is a significant difference in awareness level about the reality shows among male and female. 2. Null Hypothesis - There is a significant difference in impact level of the reality shows among male and female.

3.1 Significance of the study Media content analysis is an integral part of media studies and research that heighten media users’ or citizens’ understanding of the society. Media programmes particularly telecast shows, are bound to have positive or negative impact on society. Television is arguably the most pervasive mass medium because it combines sound and pictures and no skills are necessary for the audience to watch or enjoy them. Today, reality shows with celebrities acts as a clutter-breaking property for viewers; they provide increased visibility and a chance to reach out to a larger TV-viewing audience. Even though the star quotient is important as it ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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attracts viewers instantly, reality shows keep viewers glued to TV monitor even when the presence of stars is less relevant. Thus it is of great importance that the impact of reality shows on society is assessed. 3.2 Findings and data analysis Table 1: Gender Frequency

Valid

Male Female Total

Percent

55 47 102

Valid Percent

53.9 46.1 100.0

53.9 46.1 100.0

Cumulative Percent 53.9 100.0

From the above table it can be concluded that the percentage of male respondents is 53.9% as compared to the females which is 46.1%. Table 2: TV Channels Frequency

Valid

Missing Total

Colors Sony SAB Zee Tv Star Plus Total System

Percent

47 20 8 4 2 81 21 102

Valid Percent

46.1 19.6 7.8 3.9 2.0 79.4 20.6 100.0

58.0 24.7 9.9 4.9 2.5 100.0

Cumulative Percent 58.0 82.7 92.6 97.5 100.0

Table 3: Anova: single factor SUMMARY Groups

Count

Sum

Gender Aware

102 102

149 121

Average 1.460784 1.186275

Variance 0.250922 0.153077

ANOVA Source of Variation

SS

df

MS

F

Between Groups Within Groups

3.843137255 40.80392157

P-value F crit 2.06E1 3.843137 19.02547 05 3.887906 202 0.202

Total

44.64705882

203

From the above table it can be concluded that 58% of the respondents watch reality shows on the colors channel. On the other hand, the lowest viewership of reality show as per the ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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responses is of Star Plus channel. It is equally important to note that 20.6% respondents are not viewer of the reality shows on any channel. From the above table it can be concluded that the calculated value is more than the critical value, hence null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is not significance difference in awareness level of reality show as far as male and female respondents are concerned. Table 4: Gender * Reality show awareness * Impact of reality show cross tabulation Count Impact of Reality Show

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Gender

Male Female

Total Gender Total

Female

Gender

Male Female

Reality Show Awareness Yes No 4 10 1 8 5 18 3 3 7 0 7 1 14 1 28 23 51 6 4 10 45 10 38 9 83 19

Total Male Female

Gender

Agree

Total Strongly Agree

Male Female

Gender Total

Male Female

Gender

Total

Total

Total 14 9 23 3 3 7 8 15 28 23 51 6 4 10 55 47 102

Table 5: Descriptive Statistics Mean 3.711111 3.684211

S.D 1.014043 0.873182

S.E. 0.151165 0.141649

LCV 2.697671 2.716702

UCV 3.302329 3.283298

The mean is not falling between the lower curve value and upper curve value, hence there is not significance difference in impact level of reality show as far as male and female respondents are concerned. The difference in standard error is also insignificant. 4.

Managerial implications

As a researcher it is imperative to stretch upon how the research will be useful to working managers and future managers.


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1. It is a very important matter that has come up relating to the viewers of reality shows amongst respondents. The male female viewership is same hence reality shows can be telecasted at any time. 2. As managers operating channels like Colors and Sony Entertainment Television the awareness and impact of reality shows gives a positive indication resulting into extended viewership in future. 3. Innovation and entertainment value will help the channels for longer sustainability of reality shows and in this the operating managers are going to play a major role. 4. The cost and money involved in reality shows should be managed systematically. Many shows during the progress realize they have invested more than the returns they are expecting. 5. Another factor that is quite common among all managers they propose many things during promotional campaign of reality shows but when actually it is shown it falls below the expectation. 4.1 How reality shows will sustain in the minds of television viewers? The reality shows can sustain if following things are done – 1.

Innovativeness with entertainment value in the reality shows

2.

It should be closer to real life of viewers

3.

The viewership should cover all age groups.

4.

The vulgarity and bad language should be avoided if reality shows wants to sustain.

5.

Lastly, the Indian flavour should be maintained to be successful in Indian Television channels.

5. Conclusion 1. The reality shows are watched by both male and female viewers. 2. As far as the impact of reality shows is concerned, it is concluded that these shows make an impact on respondents. 3. The reality shows creates entertainment value and the respondent feel relaxed after watching these shows 4. It is also concluded that most of the respondents watches reality shows on colors channel. 6. References 1. Bailey, F. and Barbato, R., (2003), The reality of reality shows [television broadcast] New York: Bravo Company.


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2. Barton, K.M., (2006), Reality television programming and diverging gratifications: The influence of content on gratifications obtained. Paper presented at the annual conference for the National communication association. 3. Cavender, G. and Bond Maupin, L., (1993), Fear and loathing on reality television: An analysis of "America's Most Wanted" and "Unsolved Mysteries." Sociological inquiry, 63, p 305317. 4. Clark, S. and Nabi, R., (2007), Television consumption and young women’s expectations of sexual timing. Paper presented at the International communication association annual meeting. 5. Debashish Sengupta Dr., (2009), Reality shows: - The new marketing tool, Indian Journal of marketing, XXX II( 1). 6. Deepika Sahu and Amrita Mulchandani., (2010), Addiction called reality shows, Times of India 7. Frank, B., (2003), Check out why young viewers like reality programming. Broadcasting and cable, 133, p 18. 8. Greenberg, B.S., (1974), Gratifications of television viewing and their correlates for British children. In J.G. Blumler and E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communication: current perspectives on gratifications research, p 7192, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. 9. Hall, A., (2006), Viewers’ perceptions of reality programs. Communication Quarterly, 54, p 191211. 10. Hall A., (2009), Perceptions of the Authenticity of Reality Programs and Their Relationships to Audience involvement, Enjoyment, and perceived learning. Journal of broadcasting and electronic media, 53(4), pp 515-531. 11. Hiebert, R.E. and Gibbons, S.J., (2000), Exploring mass media for a changing world. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum associates, Publishers. 12. Kristin L. Cherry., (2008), A dissertation on reality TV and interpersonal relationship perception. 13. Lundy, L. K., Ruth, A. M., and Park, T. D., (2008), Simply irresistible: Reality TV consumption patterns. Communication quarterly, 56(2), p 208–225. 14. Meng, B. and Luglambi., (2003), The perceived reality of reality based TV programs. Paper presented at the International communication association annual meeting in San Diego, CA. 15. Meti V. and Jange S., (2012), Impact of reality shows on society---A study in Gulbarga City. Research in media studies. 16. Michal R S Solomon., (2005), Marketing real people, Real choice 3rd edition, Elnoora W Stwral republishing. ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume 5 Issue 1, 2014

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17. Nabi, R.L., (2007), Determining dimensions of reality: A concept mapping of the reality TV landscape. Journal of broadcasting and electronic media, 51, pp 371-390. 18. Nabi, R.L., Biely, E.N., Morgan, S.J., and Stitt, C.R., (2003), Reality based television programming and the psychology of its appeal. Media Psychology, 5, pp 303-330. 19. Nabi, R.L., Stitt, C.R., Halford, J., and Finnerty, K.L., (2006), Emotional and cognitive predictors of the enjoyment of reality based and fictional television programming: An elaboration of the uses and gratifications perspective. Media psychology, 8, pp 421-447. 20. Navya Malini., (2012), TV soaps pips Reality shows – Times of India 21. Papacharissi, Z. and Mendelson, A.L., (2007), An exploratory study of reality appeal: Uses and gratifications of reality TV shows. Journal of broadcasting and electronic media, 51, pp 355-370. 22. Potter, W. J., (1988), Perceived reality in television effects research. Journal of broadcasting and electronic media, 32, pp 23-41. 23. Reiss, S. and Wiltz, J., (2004), Why people watch reality TV. Media psychology, 6, p 363378. 24. Rowen, B., (2000), History of reality TV. Retrieved January 2, 2005, from http://www.infoplease.com/spot/realitytv1.html. 25. Zakirhusen Patel and Mihir Soni., (2013), Perception and preferences of people regarding reality shows – A study of Navsari city of Gujarat – Indian stream of journal, 3, Issue – II.


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ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IMPACT OF REALITY

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