ASSIGNMENT OF USEFULNESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY APPLIED TO SPORTS TRAINING

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine | Vol. 7, No. 3/2014: 37–43

ASSIGNMENT OF USEFULNESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY APPLIED TO SPORTS TRAINING IN THE CASE OF SZCZECIN SWIMMERS :LROHWWDàXENRZVNDï, A, B, C, D, E-HU]\7URV]F]\ĔVNLï, A, B (OĪELHWD6LHĔNR$ZLHULDQyZï, C, D, E 1 A

Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin University, Poland Study Design; B Data Collection; C Statistical Analysis; D0DQXVFULSW3UHSDUDWLRQE Funds Collection

Address for correspondence:

:LROHWWDàXENRZVND3K' Szczecin University, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion Al. 3LDVWyZ%EXLOGLQJ6]F]HFLQ3RODQG (PDLOZLROHWWDOXENRZVND#XQLYV]F]HFLQSO

Abstract.

7KHDLPRIWKLVDUWLFOHLVWRPDNHWKHDVVHVVPHQWRISK\VLRWKHUDS\XVHLQWKHFDVHRIVZLPPHUV¶UHJHQHUDWLRQ$ diagnostic VXUYH\ZDVXVHGDVWKHPHWKRG2SLQLRQVIURPWKHDXWKRU¶VVXUYH\ZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDQGWKHUHZHUHKLJKFODVVVZLPPHUVDQDO\]HG DJHG±7KHUHVHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGLQDWWKH)ORDWLQJ$UHQDVZLPPLQJSRROLQ6]F]HFLQ RIWKHVXUYH\HGVZLPPHUVEHQHILWIURPUHJHQHUDWLRQDIWHUSK\VLFDOHIIRUW7KHPRVWFRPPRQSK\VLRWKHUDSLVWWUHDWPHQWLQFDVHRI VZLPPHUVLVGU\FODVVLFPDVVDJH±7KHZDWHUEDWK VDXQDEDWK ZKLUOEDWK ZDWHUMHWV6FRWFKGRXFKH  DQGK\GURPDVVDJHV DUHWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIK\GURWKHUDS\2QWKHRWKHUKDQGXOWUDVRXQGVDQGFU\RWKHUDS\DUH WKHOHDVWFRPPRQWUHDWPHQWVZKHQFKRRVLQJDGHTXDWHW\SHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLHUHVSHFWLYHO\DQG 7KHELJJHVWDPRXQWRIPDVVDJHVLVSHUIRUPHGVKRUWO\EHIRUHVWDUW±0DVVDJHLQFDVHVODVWVPLQXWHV,QRIWKH VXUYH\HG JURXS SDUWLDO PDVVDJH LV EHLQJ DSSOLHG ZKHUHDV RQO\  RI FRPSHWLWRUV WDNH WKH RYHUDOO PDVVDJH ,Q FDVH RI  RI WKHVZLPPHUVPDVVDJHLVUHJDUGHGDVFRPSOHWHO\UHOD[LQJ)RURIWKHPLWUHOD[HVERWKSK\VLFDOO\DQGPHQWDOO\,QFDVHRI RI WKH VXUYH\HG LW LV UHJDUGHG DV WKH PRVW HIILFLHQW IRUP RI ELRORJLFDO UHJHQHUDWLRQ  RI VZLPPHUV VD\ LW LV KHOSIXO WR PDLQWDLQ UHDGLQHVVWRVWDUWDQGWRRYHUFRPHIHYHUIHHOLQJRIDQQR\DQFH RUDSDWK\

Key words:

VZLPPLQJUHJHQHUDWLRQSK\VLRWKHUDS\VSRUWPDVVDJH

Introduction /DERXURIFRQWHVWDQWVZKLFKLVSHUIRUPHGGXULQJWUDLQLQJVRIWHQH[FHHGVWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRID VSRUWVPDQ¶V organism. Fatigue is regarded as a VWDWH RI RUJDQLVP ZKLFK LV GHYHORSHG GXULQJ SHUIRUPDQFH RI SK\VLFDO ZRUN as well as intellectual work, and is characterized by decreased ability to work, as well as increased feeling of arduousness caused by effort and weakened ability to continue work (motivation). In case when the stable efficiency LVNHSWLWLVDOZD\VDFFRPSDQLHGE\LQFUHDVHG³SK\VLRORJLFDOFRVW´.XĔVNL 

Vol. 7, No. 3/2014

37

:LROHWWDâXENRZVND-HU]\7URV]F]\QVNL(O]ELHWD6LHQNR$ZLHULDQyZ .

([FHHGHG IDWLJXH LV D FRPPRQ FRPSODLQW ZLWKLQ KDUGWUDLQLQJ VSRUWVPHQ 7KH PRVW SUREDEOH UHDVRQV IRU LW DUH RYHUWUDLQLQJ YLUXV GLVHDVHV GLJHVWLRQ GLVWXUEDQFHV QRW VXIILFLHQW DPRXQW RI FDUERK\GUDWH SURWHLQV LURQ GHILFLHQF\  QRW VXIILFLHQW DPRXQW RI VOHHS SV\FKRORJLFDO SUREOHPV DPRQJ WKHP DQ[LHW\ GHSUHVVLRQ DSDWK\ GHPRWLYDWLRQLUULWDELOLW\LQDELOLW\WRUHOD[ 7KH\PD\UHVXOWIURPD VSRUWVPDQ¶VDPELWLRQVRUIURPDQ\RWKHUVRXUFHV %UXQNHQDQG.KDQ 2YHUODSSLQJRIWKHV\QGURPHVRIRYHUWUDLQLQJDQG&KURQLF)DWLJXH6\QGURPHLVD certain SUREOHP6KHSKDUG3DZODN ,WFDQQRWEHH[FOXGHGWKDWLQERWKFDVHVD neurotransmitter causes fatigue of the central nervous system. In swimming as a VSRUWV GLVFLSOLQH WKH VZLPPHU PD\ IDFH DGGLWLRQDO REVWDFOHV VXFK DV ZDWHU UHVLVWDQFH RUZDWHUZDYHUDLVHGE\RWKHUFRPSHWLWRUVàXENRZVNDHWDO 7KHFUXFLDOPDWWHUIURPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRI ELRPHFKDQLFVRIVZLPPLQJLVWKHODERURIERWKXSSHUDQGORZHUOLPEV7URXS 7KHWUHDWPHQWRIRYHUWUDLQHG swimmers discovered shortage of glycogen in skeleton muscles (Costill et al. 1988). General mood disturbances DQ[LHW\GHSUHVVLRQ H[DPLQHGE\0RRG6WDWHV3URILOH361 VKRZHGKLJKHUVFRUHVLQFDVHRIRYHUWUDLQHGVZLPPHUV +RRSHUHWDO DVZHOODVLQFDVHRIWKRVHVZLPPHUVZKRDFFRPSOLVKHGD SKDVHRILQWHQVLYHWUDLQLQJVZLWKRXW DQ\V\PSWRPVRIRYHUWUDLQLQJ2ǯConnor et al. 1991; Morgan et al. 1988). Modernizing of training methods and introducing still bigger training burdens justify the introduction of new ZD\VRIIDWLJXHUHGXFWLRQ7KLVLVVHFXUHGEDVLFDOO\E\ELRORJLFDOUHJHQHUDWLRQDQGVSHFLILFWKHUDSHXWLFSURFHGXUHV which constitute it. 3URSHUO\DSSOLHGUHJHQHUDWLRQZLWKVSRUWVPHQJLYHVD chance to lessen the negative results of fatigue, gives a FKDQFHWRSUHSDUHIRUQH[WWUDLQLQJV6NDOVND,]GHEVNDHWDO DQGSUHYHQWVIURPVSRUWVLQMXU\ 7KHDLPRIWKLVSDSHULVWRPDNHWKHDVVHVVPHQWRIXVHIXOQHVVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHVDSSOLHGWRVSRUWV WUDLQLQJEDVHGRQWKHRSLQLRQVRI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUV7RDFKLHYHWKHDLPRIWKLVDUWLFOHWKHIROORZLQJUHVHDUFK SUREOHPVKDYHEHHQIRUPXODWHG 1. :KDWLVWKHRSLQLRQRI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUVRQDSSO\LQJUHJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHV" 2. :KDWLVWKHLQIOXHQFHRIDSSOLHGUHJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHVRQVSRUWVUHVXOWVDFKLHYHGE\WKHFRPSHWLWRUV"

Methods 6FLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQFRQGXFWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKJRRGVFLHQWLILFSUDFWLFHDQGHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVLQ VFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKDQG+LJHU(GXFDWLRQ.UXN  ,QRUGHUWRUHFRJQL]HLQYHVWLJDWHGSKHQRPHQRQDQGDFKLHYHIXOO\REMHFWLYHUDQJHRIUHVXOWVWKHDXWKRUXVHG diagnostic survey method. The following techniques of investigation were used: analysis of documents (training GLDULHV REVHUYDWLRQVRIDSSOLHGPHWKRGVDQGUHVRXFHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLQWHUYLHZVFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWKWZRPDLQ FRDFKHVEDVHGRQSUHYLRXVO\SUHSDUHGTXHVWLRQQDLUHZLWKRSHQTXHVWLRQV DQGLQTXLU\TXHVWLRQQDLUHLQFOXGLQJ TXHVWLRQVERWKRSHQDQGFORVHG7KHTXHVWLRQVFRQFHUQHGDPRQJRWKHUVWKHIROORZLQJLVVXHV – VH[DJHDGGUHVVHGXFDWLRQOHYHOILQDQFLDOVWDWXVRIUHVSRQGHUV – style of swimming, duration of trainings in years, amount of trainings daily and weekly, most significant DFKLHYHPHQWVLQFRPSHWLWRUVµFDUHHUVZKLFKSDUWVRIPXVFOHVDUHPRVWO\RYHUORDGHG – PHWKRGVDQGUHVRXUFHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQDYDLODELOLW\WLPHDSSOLHGGXUDWLRQIUHTXHQF\RIDSSOLHGSDUWLFXODU methods of regeneration, methods and resources, – SRLQWLQJDWFHUWDLQDSSOLHGPHWKRGVZKLFKFDQKHOSWRUHOD[WKHERG\

38

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

Regeneration in the Case of Szczecin Swimmers – LQIOXHQFHRIDSSOLHGPHDQVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQRQVSRUWDFKLHYHPHQWVRIFRPSHWLWRUVRQUHGXFWLRQRIWLUHGQHVV RQNHHSLQJUHDGLQHVVWRVWDUWHWF – XVHIXOQHVVRIDSSOLHGPHDQVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLQRSLQLRQRIVXUYH\HGSHUVRQV – LQMXULHVDQGWKHLUW\SHVDSSOLHGUHJHQHUDWLRQDIWHUVXVWDLQLQJDQLQMXU\ The research was conducted with a FRQFHSWXDOSKDVHLQ,QWKHILUVWVWDJHRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQVWKH DQDO\VLVRIGRFXPHQWVDVZHOODVSDUWLFLSDWLQJREVHUYDWLRQDQGLQWHUYLHZVZLWKPDLQWUDLQHUVZHUHPDGH7KHVHFRQG VWDJHFRPSULVHGRIVXUYH\UHVHDUFK7KHUHVHDUFKFRYHUHG6]F]HFLQ¶VKLJKUDQNVSRUWVVZLPPHUVZRPHQ DQG  PHQ  ZKRVH WUDLQLQJ SURJUDP LQFOXGHG UHJHQHUDWLRQ 7KH\ ZHUH KLJKUDQN FRPSHWLWRUV 2O\PSLF WHDP FRPSHWLWRUVQDWLRQDODQGUHJLRQDOWHDPUHSUHVHQWDWLYHV DJHG±8QGHUDJHFRPSHWLWRUVKDYHKDGSDUHQWDO FRQVHQWIRUFKRRVLQJUHJHQHUDWLRQPHWKRGVDQGUHVRXUFHV2XWRIWKHP±\HDUVROG EHWZHHQ ± \HDUV ROG  ± \HDUROGV DQG WKH ROGHVW FRPSHWLWRUV RYHU  \HDUV ROG FRPSULVHG  RI DOO LQWHUYLHZHGSHUVRQV7KHPRVWQXPHURXVRIFRPSHWLWRUVZHUHWKH\RXQJHVWJURXSEHWZHHQ±\HDUVROG± DQGZHUHEHWZHHQ±DOWKRXJKWKHOHDVWUHSUHVHQWHGJURXSZDVEHWZHHQDQGDVZHOODVRYHU 7KHPDLQVSRUWVIDFLOLW\ZKHUHWKHUHVHDUFKZDVWDNHQZDVD QHZO\EXLOW7KH)ORDWLQJ$UHQD6]F]HFLQ,WLV UHJDUGHGDVWKHRQO\IDFLOLW\LQ3RODQGZKLFKHQDEOHVERWKWUDLQLQJDQGUHJHQHUDWLRQFRPSOH[FDUHRIFRPSHWLWRUV )ORUNLHZLF]HWDO  6XUYH\HGFRPSHWLWRUVZHUHWUDLQLQJWZRWLPHVGDLO\7KHVWDWLVWLFDOPHWKRGVZHUHXVHGWRZRUNRXWSHUFHQWDJH VSHFLILFDWLRQ LQ WKH SDSHU DV ZHOO DV UHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ VH[HV DQG WKH ZD\ RI DSSO\LQJ UHJHQHUDWLRQ XVHG E\ FRPSHWLWRUV

Results 2QWKHEDVLVRIWKHSHUFHQWDJHVSHFLILFDWLRQDQDO\VLVLWLVYLVLEOHWKDWRIVZLPPHUVEHQHILWIURPELR UHJHQHUDWLRQ WKHUDS\ DIWHU WKH SK\VLFDO HIIRUW )LJXUH  VKRZV W\SHV RI SK\VLFDO UHJHQHUDWLRQ WUHDWPHQWV ZKLFK DUHXVHGE\6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUV7KHPRVWFRPPRQSK\VLRWKHUDSLVWWUHDWPHQWLQFDVHRIVZLPPHUVLVGU\FODVVLF PDVVDJH ±  7KH ZDWHU EDWK   VDXQD EDWK   ZKLUO EDWK   ZDWHU MHWV6FRWFK GRXFKH  DQGK\GURPDVVDJHV DUHWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIK\GURWKHUDS\2QWKHRWKHUKDQGXOWUDVRXQGV

















 

:KLUOEDWK

8OWUDVRXQGV

6DXQD

:DWHUEDWKV

(OHFWURWKHUDS\

:DWHUMHWV 6FRWFKGRXFKH



0DVVDJH





&U\RWKHUDS\



+\GURPDVVDJHV





Figure 1. 3K\VLFDOWKHUDSHXWLFWUHDWPHQWXVHGGXULQJELRUHJHQHUDWLRQSURFHGXUHVZLWK6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUV

Vol. 7, No. 3/2014

39

:LROHWWDâXENRZVND-HU]\7URV]F]\QVNL(O]ELHWD6LHQNR$ZLHULDQyZ .

DQGFU\RWKHUDS\DUHWKHOHDVWFRPPRQWUHDWPHQWVZKHQFKRRVLQJDGHTXDWHW\SHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLHUHVSHFWLYHO\ DQG,QQRQHRIWKHFDVHVZDVHOHFWURWKHUDS\DURPDWKRWHUDS\SKLWRWKHUDS\EDURPHWULFDQGPDJQHWLF PDVVDJHXVHG1RUHODWLRQZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQVH[RILQWHUYLHZHHVDQGNLQGRIUHJHQHUDWLRQZKLFKWKH\DSSO\DIWHU SK\VLFDOHIIRUW7KHPRVWXVHGWKHUDSHXWLFPHWKRGVEHWZHHQVZLPPHUVRIERWKVH[HVZHUHPDVVDJHVDQGYDULRXV hydro baths. :KLOHDQDO\]LQJDYDLODELOLW\RIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQSURFHGXUHVLWZDVIRXQGWKDWRIFRQWHVWDQWVFRQVLGHU PDVVDJHDVWKHPRVWDYDLODEOHSURFHGXUHRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQWKRXJKWKHUHVWRIFRQWHVWDQWVSRLQWHGWRVDXQD RIUHVSRQGHUVVD\WKDWWKH\XVHPDVVDJHRQFHD ZHHNXVHLWWZLFHD ZHHNRQO\VWDWHWKH\ EHQHILWIURPLWPRUHRIWHQ7KHUHZDVQRUHOHYDQWUHODWLRQIRXQGEHWZHHQWKHVH[RILQWHUYLHZHHVDQGIUHTXHQF\RI DSSO\LQJUHJHQHUDWLRQ+RZHYHULWPD\EHREVHUYHGWKDWPHQDSSO\PRUHPDVVDJHVWZLFHD week and more than three times a ZHHNE\ 'LIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQVH[HVDUHQRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\LPSRUWDQW 0DVVDJHLQFDVHVODVWVPLQXWHV,QRIWKHVXUYH\HGWKHSDUWLDOPDVVDJHLVDSSOLHGZKHUHDVRQO\ RIFRPSHWLWRUVWDNHWKHRYHUDOOPDVVDJH7KHELJJHVWDPRXQWRIPDVVDJHVLVSHUIRUPHGVKRUWO\EHIRUHWKH VWDUW±GXULQJWUDLQLQJV±DQGEHIRUHFRPSHWLWLRQV± )LJXUHVKRZVWKHXVDJHRIGLIIHUHQWZDWHUSURFHGXUHVE\FRQWHVWDQWVRIVZLPPHUVWDNHSDUWLQVXFK treatment once a ZHHN±WZLFHD ZHHN±WKUHHWLPHVD week. Duration time of such water treatment for RIUHVSRQGHUVLVPLQXWHVXVHZDWHUEDWKVIRUPLQXWHVDQGPLQXWHV





   

 









WLPH SHUZHHN

RQFHDZHHN

ZHHNO\

0RUH

'RQRWXVH

Figure 2. )UHTXHQF\RIXVHRIZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSURFHGXUHVGXULQJWKHZHHNZLWK6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUV 

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± VD\WKDWPDVVDJHLVD kind of regeneration which quickly removes tiredness. 2QO\RIVZLPPHUVVD\WKDWPDVVDJHVDIIHFWWKHLUVSRUWVDFKLHYHPHQWV1RVLJQLILFDQWUHODWLRQZDVIRXQG EHWZHHQVH[HVRIWKHVXUYH\HGDQGWKHLQIOXHQFHRIPDVVDJHRQVSRUWVDFKLHYHPHQWV7KRXJKLWPD\EHVWDWHG WKDWLQFDVHRIZRPHQPRUHWKDQUHJDUGPDVVDJHDVLPSRUWDQWIRUVSRUWVDFKLHYHPHQWV,QFDVHRIPHQ UHVSHFWLYHO\VKDUHWKLVRSLQLRQ

40

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

Regeneration in the Case of Szczecin Swimmers

Discussion $W SUHVHQW FRPSHWLWLYH VSRUW VHHNV IRU QHZ VROXWLRQV WR DFKLHYH EHVW UHVXOWV (IIHFWLYH SHUIRUPDQFH RI a VSRUWVPDQDWWKHFRPSHWLWLRQVGHSHQGVPRVWO\RQWKHULJKWVHOHFWLRQDQGUHDOL]DWLRQRIWUDLQLQJEXUGHQV.DOF]\ĔVNL HW DO  àXENRZVND DQG 7URV]F]\ĔVNL  6LHZLHUVNL HW DO   $ success is conditioned, among other WKLQJVE\WKHPRUSKRORJLFDOVWUXFWXUHRIFRPSHWLWRUV)RUWKLVFDXVHWKHLUVRPDWLFIHDWXUHVVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQWR FRQVLGHUDWLRQLQWKHVHOHFWLRQSURFHVV3LHWUDV]HZVNDDQG-DNXERZVNL àXENRZVNDDQG7URV]F]\ĔVNL  return attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection, it is necessary WRWDNHVXFKSK\VLRORJLFUDWHVDV922PD[RU922/HR into consideration. 5ROHRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQEHFRPHVPRUH DQGPRUHLPSRUWDQW7KHVDPHVLWXDWLRQLVLQVZLPPLQJZKHUHMXQLRUDJHLVXQGHU\HDUVROGDQGIURPRQZH FDQVSHDNDERXWWKH\RXQJRUVHQLRUDJH)XOOEXUGHQLVXVHGZLWKVHQLRUVZLPPHUVàXENRZVNDDQG7URV]F]\ĔVNL  ,QWKLVJURXSRIVZLPPHUVWKHRYHUEXUGHQPD\RFFXUEHFDXVHWKHLUWUDLQLQJLVEDVHGRQVSHFLDOL]HGWUDLQLQJ It is a restricted form of movement, similar in form to a VWDUW&DSDFLW\RIVZLPPLQJFRYHUVHYHQNLORPHWHUVGDLO\ LQFHUWDLQSHULRGV 5HDOL]DWLRQRIVXEVHTXHQWWDVNVLVQRWSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWV\VWHPDWLFELRUHJHQHUDWLRQWUHDWPHQW of which main form is massage. In a JURXSRI\RXQJHUVZLPPHUVWKHWUDLQLQJVKHOGDUHPRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQGGLUHFWHG7KHEXUGHQVXVHG GRQRWUHVXOWZLWKRYHUEXUGHQLQJRIPRYHPHQWDSSDUDWXV2QWKHQH[WGD\WKHFRPSHWLWRULVDEOHWRSHUIRUPQHZ WUDLQLQJWDVNVRIZKLFKLQWHQVLW\DQGFDSDFLW\LVVLJQLILFDQWO\VPDOOHUWKDQLQD VHQLRUJURXS 7KDQNVWRFRPSOH[FRPELQDWLRQRIWUDLQLQJDQGELRORJLFDOUHJHQHUDWLRQWUHDWPHQWZHFDQFRQWUROEHWWHUD course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regeneration are the most common. ,QVSHFLDOLVWVOLWHUDWXUHRQHFDQILQGRQO\D IHZZRUNVFRQFHUQLQJWKHSURFHVVRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQLQVZLPPHUV KRZHYHULWVSRVLWLYHSV\FKRORJLFDOHIIHFWZDVREVHUYHG+HPPLQJVHWDO5REHUWVRQHWDO ,Q6WDURVWD¶V RSLQLRQDQLQWHQVLYHPDVVDJHVWULNLQJSDWWLQJIDVWIODWWHQLQJ LQFUHDVHVDQGFDOPPDVVDJHFKDILQJVORZVWURNLQJ  decreases stimulation of the nervous system. Their effects may be observed in a ORQJWHUPDSSOLFDWLRQRIPDVVDJHV 7KHVWXG\RI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUVFRQILUPHGWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIPDVVDJHLQWKHSURFHVVRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQ WUHDWPHQW±VWDWHGWKDWPDVVDJHLVD SURFHGXUHWKDWUHOD[HVWKHPFRPSOHWHO\7KH6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUVFOXEKDV RQHIXOOWLPHHPSOR\HGPDVVHXU)LUVWVHUYHGDUHWKHHOGHUO\ZLWKKLJKHUVWDUWLQJOHYHOFRPSHWLWRUV7KHUHVHDUFK VKRZVWKDWWKHKDELWRIEHQHILWLQJIURPELRUHJHQHUDWLRQSURFHGXUHVVKRXOGEHLQWURGXFHGDVHDUO\DVSRVVLEOH 7KHDELOLW\WRXVHWKHPRVWVLPSOHUHJHQHUDWLRQSURFHGXUHVVXFKDVVKRZHUVDQGYDULRXVEDWKVVKRXOGEHRIIRFXV DPRQJ\RXQJHUJURXSRIVZLPPHUV6XFKH[HPSODU\PRGHORIXVDJHRIWKHUDSHXWLFZDWHUSURFHGXUHVGXULQJELR UHJHQHUDWLRQLQWUDLQLQJPLFURF\FOHZLWKVZLPPHUVZDVVXJJHVWHGE\.LSNH 7KHVHHOHPHQWVVLPSOHPHDQV RI ELRUHJHQHUDWLRQ SURFHVV  DUH FKHDS DQG DW WKH VDPH WLPH YHU\ HIIHFWLYH DQG WKH\ FDQ VXSSRUW WKH WUDLQLQJ SURFHVV

Vol. 7, No. 3/2014

41

:LROHWWDâXENRZVND-HU]\7URV]F]\QVNL(O]ELHWD6LHQNR$ZLHULDQyZ .

Conclusions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the training as a UDLQVKRZHUWRUHGXFHPXVFOHWHQVLRQ6XFKWKHUDS\PD\KDYHD SRVLWLYHHIIHFWRQWKHWUDLQHHERWK LQSK\VLFDODQGPHQWDODVSHFW6LPLODUO\ZHFDQXVHZDUPEDWKV±ƒ& ZKLFKFDQEHDSSOLHGLQD swimming SRROZLWKZDUPZDWHUDQGLQWKHKRPHEDWKLQWKHHYHQLQJ7KH\JLYHPDQ\SRVVLELOLWLHVWRLQIOXHQFHVZLPPHU¶V ERG\UHOD[LQJWKHPXVFOHVFDOPLQJGRZQWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP ZLWKUHODWLYHO\ORZFRVWVDQGSRZHU6LPLODUHIIHFWV DUHDOVRREWDLQHGZLWKDURPDWKHUDS\DQGSK\WRWKHUDS\7KHKDELWRIDSSO\LQJUHJHQHUDWLRQSURFHGXUHVVKRXOGEHJLQ DVHDUO\DVSRVVLEOH,WZLOOEHSRVVLEOHDIWHUWKHWKHRUHWLFDOSUHSDUDWLRQRI\RXQJFRPSHWLWRUVLQFOXGHGLQJHQHUDO WUDLQLQJ+LJKHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWUDLQLQJSURFHVVLVQRWSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWKLJKLQWHOOHFWXDOFRPSHWLWRU¶VHIIRUW$ coach LQKLVSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLW\VKRXOGFRQVLGHUD WKHRUHWLFDOSODQRIFRPSHWLWRUV¶SUHSDUDWLRQ

References %UXQNHU3.KDQ.&OLQLFDO6SRUWV0HGLFLQH(5(9'%3XEOLVKLQJ:DUV]DZD Costill D.L., Flynn M.G., Kirwan J.P., Houmard J.A., Mitchell J.B., Thomas R., Park S.H. (IIHFWVRIUHSHDWHGGD\VRILQWHQVLILHGWUDLQLQJ RQPXVFOHJO\FRJHQDQGVZLPPLQJSHUIRUPDQFH0HGLFLQHDQG6FLHQFHLQ6SRUWVDQG([HUFLVH± )ORUNLHZLF]%=ZLHUNR7.U]HSRWD-àXENRZVND:7URV]F]\ĔVNL-)RUP\]DMĊüVSRUWRZ\FKL UHNUHDF\MQ\FKRUD]NLHUXQNLEDGDĔ naukowych w obiekcie Floating Arena w 6]F]HFLQLH =HV]\W\ 1DXNRZH 8QLZHUV\WHWX 6]F]HFLĔVNLHJR QU  (NRQRPLF]QH 3UREOHP\8VáXJQU6SRUWL UHNUHDFMDV]DQVąUR]ZRMXUHJLRQX:1866]F]HFLQ± *LHUHPHN.'HF/=PĊF]HQLHL UHJHQHUDFMDVLá2GQRZDELRORJLF]QD+$60('.DWRZLFH Hemmings B., Smith M., Graydon J., Dyson R. (IIHFWVRIPDVVDJHRQSK\VLRORJLFDOUHVWRUDWLRQSHUFHLYHGUHFRYHU\DQGUHSHDWHGVSRUWV SHUIRUPDQFH%ULWLVK-RXUQDORI6SRUWV0HGLFLQH ± +RRSHU6/0DFNLQQRQ/7+DQUDKDQ6-0RRGVWDWHVDVDQLQGLFDWLRQRIVWDOHQHVVDQGUHFRYHU\,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SRUW Psychology. 1997; 28: 1–12. .DOF]\ĔVNL / àXENRZVND : 7URV]F]\ĔVNL - :VNDĨQLNL PRUIRIXQNFMRQDOQH MDNR ZDUWRĞü GLDJQRVW\F]QD L SURJQRVW\F]QD UR]ZRMX VSRUWRZHJRSá\ZDF]HN,Q$NW\ZQRĞüUXFKRZDOXG]LZ UyĪQ\PZLHNX(G'8PLDVWRZVND8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNLL Polskie 7RZDU]\VWZR1DXNRZH.XOWXU\)L]\F]QHM:\GDZQLFWZR3URPRF\MQH$OEDWURV6]F]HFLQ± .LSNH/7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIUHFRYHU\DIWHUWUDLQLQJDQGFRPSHWLWLYHHIIRUWV1HZ=HDODQG-RXUQDORI6SRUWV0HGLFLQH± .UXN-*RRGVFLHQWLILFSUDFWLFHDQGHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVLQVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKDQGKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ&HQWU(XU-6SRUW6FL0HG 1: 25–29. .XĔVNL+7UHQLQJ]GURZRWQ\RVyEGRURVá\FK0HGVSRUWSUHVV:DUV]DZD àXENRZVND:7URV]F]\ĔVNL-2EFLąĪHQLDWUHQLQJRZHD SR]LRPVSRUWRZ\Z Sá\ZDQLX,Q&]áRZLHNL ĞURGRZLVNRSU]\URGQLF]H3RPRU]D =DFKRGQLHJRW,,$NW\ZQRĞüIL]\F]QDRVyEZ UyĪQ\PZLHNX±WHRULDL SUDNW\ND(G-(LGHU8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL:13 6]F]HFLQ± àXENRZVND:7URV]F]\ĔVNL-7KHDVVHVVPHQWRIDHURELFSK\VLFDOFDSDFLW\LQ\RXQJVZLPPHUV&HQWU(XU-6SRUW6FL0HG 2: 21–29. àXENRZVND : 7URV]F]\ĔVNL - :VNDĨQLNL Z\GROQRĞFL WOHQRZHM D SR]LRP VSRUWRZ\ Sá\ZDNyZ 606 6]F]HFLQ =HV]\W\ 1DXNRZH 8QLZHUV\WHWX6]F]HFLĔVNLHJRQU3UDFH,QVW\WXWX.XOWXU\)L]\F]QHMQU6]F]HFLQ± àXENRZVND:3DF]\ĔVND-ĊGU\FND0(LGHU-7KHVLJQLILFDQFHRIVZLPPLQJDQGFRUUHFWLYHH[HUFLVHVLQZDWHULQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI SRVWXUDOGHILFLWVDQGVFROLRVLV&HQWU(XU-6SRUW6FL0HG ±

42

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

Regeneration in the Case of Szczecin Swimmers Morgan W.P., Costill D.L., Flynn M.G., Raglin J.S., O’Connor P.J. Mood disturbance following increased training in swimmers. Medicine DQG6FLHQFHLQ6SRUWVDQG([HUFLVH ± OǯConnor P.J., Morgan W.P., Raglin J.S. Psychobiologic effects of 3d of increased training in female and Male swimmers. Medicine and 6FLHQFHLQ6SRUWVDQG([HUFLVH ± 3DZODN0$VSHFWVRISDLQLQVSRUW766  3LHWUDV]HZVND - -DNXERZVNL : 8VH RI GLIIHUHQW PHWKRGV IRU WHVWLQJ PRUSKRORJLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG HYDOXDWLRQ RI ERG\ WLVVXH FRPSRVLWLRQRIVZLPPHUV&HQWUDO(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI6SRUW6FLHQFHVDQG0HGLFLQH± 5REHUWVRQ$:DWW-0*DOORZD\6'(IIHFWVRIOHJPDVVDJHRQUHFRYHU\IURPKLJKLQWHQVLW\F\FOLQJH[HUFLVHBritish Journal of 6SRUWV0HGLFLQH ± 6KHSDUG5&KURQLFIDWLJXHV\QGURPHDQXSGDWH6SRUWV0HGLFLQH ± 6LHZLHUVNL06áRPLĔVNL3%LDáHFNL5.RQWURODVWDQXZ\WUHQRZDQLDD GREyUREFLąĪHĔWUHQLQJRZ\FK3U]\F]\QHNGRRSW\PDOL]DFML REFLąĪHĔWUHQLQJRZ\FKQDSU]\NáDG]LHNDGU\QDURGRZHML ROLPSLMVNLHMZ Sá\ZDQLX.XOWXUD)L]\F]QD±± 6NDOVND,]GHEVND5.X]LDQ'3DáND7*RU]NRZVNL.6XSRZLF]0:\NRU]\VWDQLHIL]MRWHUDSLLZ RGQRZLHELRORJLF]QHMVSRUWRZFyZ
Cite this article as: àXENRZVND:7URV]F]\ĔVNL-6LHĔNR$ZLHULDQyZ($VVLJQPHQWRIXVHIXOQHVVRISK\VLRWKHUDS\DSSOLHGWRVSRUWV WUDLQLQJLQWKHFDVHRI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUV&HQWU(XU-6SRUW6FL0HG  37–43.

Vol. 7, No. 3/2014

43