Name: ______________________
Class: _________________
Date: _________
ID: A
Astro Quiz 3 (ch3) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____
1. Which of the following people did NOT accept a heliocentric model for the universe? a. Kepler b. Copernicus c. Tycho d. Galileo e. Newton
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2. The book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" a. describes how Galileo's observations and Kepler's calculations proved the Copernican theory. b. describes the construction of Galileo's telescope and his observations. c. is a dialog written to convince the general public of the merits of the Copernican theory. d. first described the Copernican theory. e. describes the Tychonian theory.
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3. A(n) ____ is a small circle whose center is located on the circumference of another larger circle. a. equant b. deferent c. retrograde loop d. ellipse e. epicycle
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4. A(n) ____ is a commonly accepted set of scientific ideas and assumptions. a. theory b. paradigm c. hypothesis d. natural law e. model
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5. A(n) ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested. a. hypothesis b. paradigm c. natural law d. model e. theory
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6. Spring tides occur a. at new moon and first quarter moon. b. at first quarter and third quarter moons. c. at new moon and full moon. d. at third quarter and full moons. e. at noon and midnight.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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7. ____ occur when the moon is first or third quarter. a. Neap tides b. Spring tides c. Total solar eclipses d. Annular eclipses e. A coppery red moon will
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8. The geometry of an ellipse is described by two numbers: the ____ which is half the longest diameter of the ellipse and the ____ which tells us the shape of the ellipse. a. radius, eccentricity b. radius, deferent c. semi major axis, deferent d. semi major axis, epicycle e. semi major axis, eccentricity
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9. The semi major axis of an ellipse is a. the ratio of the longest diameter of the ellipse to that of the shortest diameter of the ellipse. b. half the length of the shortest diameter of the ellipse. c. half the length of the longest diameter of the ellipse. d. the distance between the two foci of the ellipse. e. the ratio of the distance between the two foci to the length of half the longest diameter of the ellipse.
____ 10. Parallax is a. the apparent motion of an object due to the motion of the observer. b. the distance between two foci of an ellipse. c. the small circle that the planets slid along in Ptolemy's geocentric universe. d. the circular orbits used in Copernicus' heliocentric universe. e. half the length of the shortest diameter of an ellipse. ____ 11. Ptolemy's model of the universe a. was heliocentric. b. included elliptical orbits. c. contained epicycles. d. all of the above e. none of the above ____ 12. The Copernican system was no more accurate than the Ptolemaic system in predicting the positions of the planets because ___________just as in the Ptolemaic system. a. the Copernican system assumed the Earth was at rest at the center. b. the Copernican system used elliptical planetary orbits c. the Copernican system used uniform circular motion. d. the Copernican system assumed all planets orbited the Sun
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 13. Galileo's observations of a complete set of phases of Venus proved a. that Venus orbited the sun. b. that Earth orbited the sun. c. that all of the planets orbited the sun. d. that the moon orbited Earth. e. that Venus had an atmosphere. ____ 14. Galileo's telescopic discoveries of mountains on the moon and spots on the sun were controversial because they suggested that the sun and moon a. were the same kind of object. b. were not perfect spheres. c. were inhabited. d. orbited each other. e. did not orbit Earth. ____ 15. Tycho's universe was the same as the Copernican universe except that a. Earth did not move. b. the sun did not move. c. the moon orbited the sun. d. the orbits were elliptical with the sun at one focus. e. the orbits followed uniform circular motion. ____ 16. Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy was a. his model of the universe. b. his telescopic observations. c. his discovery of three laws of motion. d. his 20 years of careful observations of the planets. e. a and b above ____ 17. The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains. On the other hand, ____ is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. a. weight, mass b. mass, weight c. energy, force d. force, energy e. momentum, energy ____ 18. Kepler's second law implies that a. a planet should move at its greatest speed when it is closest to the sun. b. the most massive planets will have the greatest speed in their orbits. c. the speed of a planet in its orbit depends on the size of the epicycle. d. the mass of the planet determines how far the planet is from the sun. e. the deferent and the epicycle have to be attached to the sun and not Earth. ____ 19. Kepler's first law of planetary motion implies that a. the planets move at a constant speeds at all points in their orbits. b. the planets all move around the Earth in elliptical orbits. c. uniform circular motion is adequate to describe the motion of all planets. d. planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 20. The force due to gravity between two objects depends on I. II. III. IV. a. b. c. d. e.
the the the the
mass of each object. distance each object is from Earth. distance between the two objects. speed of light.
I & II I & III II & IV I, II, & III I, II, III, & IV
____ 21. Which of the following planets can be seen as a crescent phase from Earth? a. Mercury b. Venus c. Mars d. Both a and b e. All of the above ____ 22. In pre-Copernican astronomy, it was almost universally believed that a. the planets traveled in elliptical orbits about the Earth. b. the center of the universe was the Sun with the Milky Way representing other distant planets. c. the Sun was at the center of the universe. d. the Earth was at the center of the universe. e. None of the above was believed. ____ 23. The purpose of using epicycles and deferents to explain the motion of the planets in the night sky was to account for a. prograde motion. b. Mercury and Venus' limited angular distance from the Sun. c. retrograde motion. d. non-uniform speed of the planets in their orbits. e. precession of the equinoxes. ____ 24. Which of the following objects cannot transit (i.e. pass in front of) the Sun as seen from Jupiter? a. Mars b. Earth c. Saturn d. Mercury e. Venus ____ 25. The a. b. c. d. e.
greatest inaccuracy in Copernicus' model of the solar system was that the planets travel in circular orbits with uniform motion. traveled on epicycles whose centers followed orbits around the Sun. traveled in elliptical orbits. were allowed to travel backwards in their orbits. the planets orbited the Sun.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 26. The a. b. c. d. e.
orbit of the planet Jupiter is ellipse with the Sun at one focus. What is located at the other focus? The asteroid belt Earth Saturn Jupiter Nothing
____ 27. The a. b. c. d.
eccentricity of a planet's orbit describes westward motion in the night sky when observed on successive nights. the deviation in shape when compared to a circle. its tilt with respect to the ecliptic plane. the tilt of the planet's rotational axis with respect to the ecliptic.
____ 28. Which of the following statements best describes Kelper's 3rd law of planetary motion? a. The smaller the diameter of a planet, the faster its rotational period. b. The orbital period of a planet directly proportional to the diameter of the planet. c. The smaller the orbit, the longer its orbital period. d. The larger the orbit, the longer its orbital period. ____ 29. Why did Galileo's observations of moons orbiting Jupiter disagree with geocentric model of the universe of his time? a. The moons moved in non-circular orbits about Jupiter. b. The moons did not appear to orbit the Sun. c. The moons did not appear to orbit the Earth. d. The moons appeared to be too small, and therefore too far away, to be considered part of the solar system. ____ 30. In Ptolemy's view of the universe, a planet moves on an epicycle whose center moves around the Earth on the deferent circle. a. Correct b. FALSE; Ptolemy put the Sun at the center. c. FALSE; The planet stays on the deferent circle. d. FALSE; The Earth is at the center of the epicycle. e. FALSE; Both c and d are correct. Essay 31. Describe the differences between the Ptolemaic, Tychonian and Copernican models of the universe. 32. What are Kepler's three laws? 33. What are Newton's three laws of motion?
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ID: A
Astro Quiz 3 (ch3) Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:
C D E B A C A E C A C C A B A D B A D B D D C C A E B D C A
PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ESSAY 31. ANS: Answer not provided. PTS: 1
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