Conservation of mass - Kerboodle

© Oxford University Press 2014 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. Conserva...

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Conservation of mass Setting the scene During any chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants will always be the same as the total mass of any products formed. This is called the ‘conservation of mass’. Monitoring the mass during reactions can often give clues about what has happened or what type of products have been made.

Aims In this practical you will:

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observe the mass during two different reactions use your knowledge of the reactions to explain the results you obtain.

You will be working scientifically to:

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make and record observations present observations in tables interpret observations and identify patterns explain patterns observed.

Safety

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Wear eye protection throughout the practical. Keep hair tied back.

Equipment and materials

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ceramic crucible and lid 10-cm strip of magnesium ribbon tongs Bunsen burner heatproof mat tripod pipe clay triangle top-pan balance conical flask hydrochloric acid marble chips 50 cm3 measuring cylinder

© Oxford University Press 2014 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Method Experiment 1 You will need to set this apparatus up and start the reaction first so that you can complete the other experiments while this reaction is happening. 1 Set up your apparatus as shown in the diagram.

2 Coil your magnesium strip around a pencil before placing it in the crucible and placing the lid on. 3 Place the crucible, lid, and magnesium on a top-pan balance and record the mass. 4 Place the crucible and lid containing the magnesium on the pipe clay triangle on the tripod. 5 Heat the crucible gently at first and then using a roaring blue flame. 6 Every five minutes use a pair of tongs to carefully lift the lid slightly. 7 Continue to heat the crucible for around 20 minutes or until you can see no further changes to the magnesium. (Go to Experiment 2 whilst this experiment takes place.) 8 Turn off the Bunsen burner and allow the crucible to cool down. This may take some time; be careful not to burn yourself. Do not disturb the lid. 9 When the apparatus has cooled completely, place it all on the top-pan balance and record the mass. Experiment 2 Carry out this experiment whilst Experiment 1 is taking place. You must make sure you continue to monitor Experiment 1. 1 Place 20 cm3 hydrochloric acid into a conical flask. 2 Place this onto a top-pan balance and record the mass.

© Oxford University Press 2014 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

3 While the conical flask is still on the top-pan balance, carefully add a marble chip to the acid. Immediately record the new mass. 4 Record the mass after 3 minutes (or before if there is no more fizzing).

Results You should have produced a results table showing the masses before and after each reaction you have carried out. You should try and write a word (or formula) equation for each reaction you have carried out.

Questions 1 State what the magnesium was reacting with in Experiment 1.

2 State what happened to the mass in Experiment 1.

3 Explain the observation you have made in Question 2.

4 Saba carried out a similar reaction but she heated copper in the crucible. She knew that copper would react with oxygen. She used 6.4 g of copper and at the end of the reaction the new mass was 8 g. Calculate how much oxygen reacted with the copper.

5 State what happened to the mass in Experiment 2.

6 Explain the observation you have made in Question 5.

7 Sarah had a 50 g bar of chocolate. It was left in a warm place and melted. Suggest what the mass will be after it has melted. Explain your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2014 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Extension 1 Some iron was weighed out and then allowed to react with chlorine. Use the equations below to decide how the mass will have changed after the reaction. Explain your answer. iron + chlorine → iron chloride Fe(s) +

Cl2(g) →

FeCl2(s)

2 Some calcium carbonate was weighed before and after being heated. Use the following equations to decide how the mass will have changed. Explain your decision. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide CaCO3(s)



CaO(s)

+

CO2(g)

3 Some magnesium was placed in a solution of copper sulfate. The total mass was recorded before and after the reaction. Use the following equation to decide how the total mass will change during the reaction. Explain your decision. magnesium + copper sulfate → magnesium sulfate + copper Mg(s)

+

CuSO4(aq) →

MgSO4(aq)

+ Cu(s)

4 Iron burns in oxygen to form iron oxide. Balance the formula equation below to show this reaction. Fe(s) +

O2(g) →

Fe2O3(s)

© Oxford University Press 2014 http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.