Essentials of Entrepreneurs^ and Small Business Management - GBV

SIXTH EDITION. Essentials of Entrepreneurs^ and Small Business Management. GLOBAL EDITION. Norman M. Scarborough. Presbyterian College. Boston Columbu...

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SIXTH

EDITION

Essentials of Entrepreneurs^ and Small Business Management GLOBAL

EDITION

Norman M. Scarborough Presbyterian College

Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

Contents Preface 13

SECTION I

The Challenge of Entrepreneurship

19

Chapter 1 The Foundations of Entrepreneurship 19 The World of the Entrepreneur What Is an Entrepreneur?

20

21

The Benefits of Entrepreneurship

25

The Potential Drawbacks of Entrepreneurship

28

Behind the Boom: What's Feeding the Entrepreneurial Fire The Cultural Diversity of Entrepreneurship The Power of "Small" Business

41

Putting Failure into Perspective

42

How to Avoid the Pitfalls Conclusion

30

34

43

45

Chapter Summary . Plan Pro 47 •

46 e Discussion Questions Beyond the Classroom 49

47



Business

Chapter 2 Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind: From Ideas to Reality 50 Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Creativity—A Necessity for Survival Creative Thinking

51

53

54

Barriers to Creativity

57

How to Enhance Creativity The Creative Process

61

66

Techniques for Improving the Creative Process

SECTION II

72

Intellectual Property: Protecting Your Ideas

76

Chapter Summary Plan Pro 84 •

84

83 • Discussion Questions Beyond the Classroom 85



Business

Building the Business Plan: Beginning Considerations 87

Chapter 3 Designing a Competitive Business Model and Building a Solid Strategic Plan 87 Building a Competitive Advantage

89

The Strategic Management Process Conclusion

92

114

Chapter Summary Plan Pro 116 •

114 • Discussion Questions Beyond the Classroom 117

115



Business

Chapter 4 Conducting a Feasibility Analysis and Crafting a Winning Business Plan 118 Conducting a Feasibility Analysis Why Develop a Business Plan? The Elements of a Business Plan

119 127 130

What Lenders and Investors Look For in a Business Plan

140

10

CONTENTS Making the Business Plan Presentation Conclusion

142

144

Business Plan Format

145

Chapter Summary 148 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 149 • Beyond the Classroom 150

Chapter 5

148



Business

Chapter Summary 175 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 175 • Beyond the Classroom 176

175



Business

Franchising and the Entrepreneur

177



Business

Forms of Business Ownership The Sole Proprietorship The Partnership Corporations

155

157

164

Other Forms of Ownership

Chapter 6

Types of Franchising

169

179

The Benefits of Buying a Franchise

180

The Drawbacks of Buying a Franchise Franchising and the Law

185

189

The RightWay to Buy a Franchise Trends Shaping Franchising Conclusion

151

192

198

203

Chapter Summary 203 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 204 • Beyond the Classroom 205

203

Appendix A: A Franchise Evaluation Checklist 205 Chapter 7

Buying an Existing Business 207 Buying an Existing Business

209

The Steps in Acquiring a Business

214

Evaluating an Existing Business—The Due Diligence Process Methods for Determining the Value of a Business Understanding the Seller's Side Negotiating the Deal

217

225

233

240

Chapter Summary 241 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 243 • Beyond the Classroom 243

242



Business

SECTION III Building the Business Plan: Marketing and Financial Considerations 245 Chapter 8

Building a Powerful Marketing Plan 245 Building a Guerrilla Marketing Plan Pinpointing the Target Market

246

249

Determining Customer Needs and Wants Through Market Research Plotting a Guerrilla Marketing Strategy: How to Build a Competitive Edge 255 The Marketing Mix

276

Chapter Summary 279 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 281 • Beyond the Classroom 282

Chapter 9

280



Business

E-Commerce and the Entrepreneur 283 Factors to Consider before Launching into E-Commerce Ten Myths of E-Commerce Strategies for E-Success

286 295

Designing a Killer Web Site

303

285

251

CONTENTS Tracking Web Results

311

Ensuring Web Privacy and Security

313

Chapter Summary 315 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 316 * Beyond the Classroom 317

316



Business

Chapter 10 Pricing Strategies 318 Three Potent Forces: Image, Competition, and Value Pricing Strategies and Tactics

320

327

Pricing Strategies and Methods for Retailers Pricing Concepts for Manufacturers

332

334

Pricing Strategies and Methods for Service Firms The Impact of Credit on Pricing

338

339

Chapter Summary 343 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 344 • Beyond the Classroom 344

343

»

Business

Chapter 11 Creating a Successful Financial Plan 345 The Importance of a Financial Plan Basic Financial Statements

346

347

Creating Projected Financial Statements Ratio Analysis

350

356

Interpreting Business Ratios Break-Even Analysis

372

378

Chapter Summary 382 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 383 • Beyond the Classroom 384

383



Business

417



Business

Chapter 12 Managing Cash Flow 385 Cash Management

386

Cash and Profits Are Not the Same Preparing a Cash Budget

389

390

The "Big Three" of Cash Management Avoiding the Cash Crunch Conclusion

400

410

416

Chapter Summary 416 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 417 • Beyond the Classroom 418

SECTION IV Putting the Business Plan to Work: Sources of Funds 419 Chapter 13 Sources of Financing: Debt and Equity 419 Planning for Capital Requirements Equity Capital vs. Debt Capital Sources of Equity Financing

421

421

423

The Nature of Debt Financing Federally Sponsored Programs

438 448

Small Business Administration (SBA)

450

State and Local Economic Development Programs Internal Methods of Financing

456

456

Chapter Summary 458 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 460 • Beyond the Classroom 461

459



Business

Chapter 14 Choosing the Right Location and Layout 462 Location: A Source of Competitive Advantage

463

Location Criteria for Retail and Service Businesses

477

Location Options for Retail and Service Businesses

480

11

12

CONTENTS The Location Decision for Manufacturers Layout and Design Considerations

485

488

Layout: Maximizing Revenues, Increasing Efficiency, or Reducing Costs Chapter Summary 499 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 500 • Beyond the Classroom 501

Chapter 15

Global Aspects of Entrepreneurship Why Go Global?

494

Business

502

506

Barriers to International Trade International Trade Agreements

523 528

530

Chapter Summary 530 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 532 • Beyond the Classroom 532

Chapter 16



503

Strategies for Going Global

Conclusion

500

531

«

Business

Building a New Venture Team and Planning for the Next Generation 533 Leadership in the New Economy

534

Building an Entrepreneurial Team: Hiring the Right Employees

537

Creating an Organizational Culture That Encourages Employee Motivation and Retention

548

Management Succession: Passing the Torch of Leadership Exit Strategies 564 Chapter Summary 565 • Discussion Questions Plan Pro 566 • Beyond the Classroom 567

Appendix: Think Archimedes 568 Cases 589 Endnotes 603 Name Index 631 Subject Index 641

566



557

Business