Physics 1020. Experiment 4. Force and Acceleration. Object. The objective of today's lab is to investigate Newton's second law which states: The accel...
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Object The objective of today’s lab is to investigate Newton’s second law which states: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass
𝐹 𝑎∝ 𝑚
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Equipment List You have been provided with:
Track
Cart
Block
Pulley
String
Card
Motion sensor
Mass set
Metre stick
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Setup: equipment assembly Setup your experiment:
• • • • •
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• •
Place the track with the unblocked end protruding slightly past the edge of the bench. Place the cart on the track. Attach the pulley to the free end of the track and run the string from the cart over the pulley. Place the black block in the cart. Tape the plastic card to the end of the cart making sure it isn’t low enough to touch the track.
Put the 50 g mass, one of the 20 g masses and the 10 g mass in the cart (lying sideways). Hang the other 20 g mass from the end of the string. Plug the motion detector into DIG/SONIC 1 on the LabPro and place it at the end of the track.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Setup: equipment assembly Check your setup:
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Is the track level?
Is the string level? –
Check the levelling by pushing the cart gently left and right to test if it rolls downhill one way or the other. Adjust the levelling screw as needed. Use a metre stick to make sure the string is exactly parallel to the track. The level of the pulley wheel can be adjusted by first loosening the screw at the side.
Is the string too long? –
When the cart at the end of the track closest to the pulley, the hanging mass should not be touching the floor. Shorten the string if necessary.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Data collection
Click on the icon to open Logger Pro CLICK HERE
CLICK HERE
Click collect and release the system. Be sure to catch the cart before it hits the pulley.
You should see two graphs on the screen: 1.
position vs time
2.
velocity vs time
Activate the velocity vs time graph by clicking on it.
Find the slope of the linear portion of the velocity vs time graph i.e. the acceleration of the system (use Analyze/LinearFit function in LoggerPro)
Enter the acceleration in the first line of Table 1.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Data collection !
Activate the velocity vs time graph by clicking on it.
Highlight the linear portion of the velocity vs time graph as shown below. The acceleration of the system is the slope of this part of the graph. Use Analyze/LinearFit function in LoggerPro to obtain this.
Enter the acceleration in the first line of Table 1.
LW
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Data collection In the first row of Table 1 also: LW
CP
record the value (in kilograms) of the falling mass,
calculate and record the weight of the falling mass (W = mg with m in kg and g = 9.81 m/s2).
Have an instructor check the first data set for a reasonable value of a.
Exchange the masses so that you have 30.0 g as the falling mass, and 70.0 g on the cart. (The total mass of the system stays constant!)
Run the experiment again. Record the data in your laboratory workbook.
Do five more runs with 40.0 g, 50.0 g, 60.0 g, 70.0 g and 80.0 g as the falling mass, with the total mass constant.
Record your data in your laboratory workbook Table 1.
LW
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Analysis We will analyze our data using Graphical Analysis software. Open it by clicking on the icon below. CLICK HERE
CLICK HERE
In Graphical Analysis plot the weight of the hanging mass versus the acceleration of the system.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Analysis (cont’d.)
Q LW
Question 1: As the weight increases, what happens to the acceleration? In Graphical Analysis click Analyze then Linear fit. Double click the pop-up box and turn on Show Uncertainties. Enter the slope and its uncertainty in Table 2.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Analysis Q
QUESTION 2 : What are the units of the slope? Do a unit analysis to break this down to a simpler unit. Use a lab balance to weigh the cart, the card, the string and all the masses.
! LW
Place the cart upside down on the balance so it doesn’t roll off. Enter the mass and its uncertainty in Table 3.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Analysis Q
QUESTION 3: Compare this value to the value of your slope. What physical quantity do you think the slope corresponds to?
LW
Enter the intercept in laboratory workbook Table 4.
Q
QUESTION 4: What are the units of the intercept?
! P
Title your graph and label your axes.
Print your graph and staple it to your report.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Analysis: Theory
Click here to follow the process of drawing the free body diagrams and
writing the Newton’s second law equations for each mass.
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(link to P1020-lab4-NII-treatment.pdf)
The information in this file will help you answer Question 7.
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Analysis Q
QUESTION 5: By comparing an equation
𝑾 = 𝒎𝒂 + 𝒎𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒇
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with an equation of a straight line
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 what physical quantities do the slope and intercept of your graph represent?
Q
QUESTION 6: Is the answer consistent with your answer to questions 3 and 6?
Q
QUESTION 7: Compare the value of frictional force you just found with the value of the smallest falling weight. Is it smaller, bigger, roughly the same? Is this expected?
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Physics 1020 Experiment 4
Force and Acceleration
Summary and Conclusion Q
QUESTION 8: Identify two sources of uncertainty in this experiment. Are these random or systematic?
Q
QUESTION 9: Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of an object will increase if the net force on it is increased. Did you observe this to be true? Explain.
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Disassemble lab setup. (You will lose marks otherwise!) Close all applications and log out. Submit your laboratory workbook with your graph attached.
