Guide to Identification of Fresh Water Microorganisms Microscopic autotrophic organisms (i.e. algae) ... heterotrophic only
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FIGURE 2
Guide to Identification of Fresh Water Microorganisms Microscopic autotrophic organisms (i.e. algae) Name Green algae (with flagella, small) <.05 mm
Picture
Characteristic 1. 2. 3. 4.
flagella small solitary rapid movement
Taxonomy Phylum Chlorophyceae i.e. Chlamyolomonas sp.
Green algae (with flagella) .5-2mm
1. spherical 2. colonial 3. with two flagella
Phylum Chlorophyceae i.e. Volvox sp.
Green algae (no flagella) <.5 mm
1. spherical to conical 2. not attached to surface 3. no movement
Phylum Chlorophyceae i.e. Pediastrum sp.
Filamentous green algae <.1 mm – cms
1. non branching 2. chains of cells with chloroplast 3. no flagella
Phylum Gamophyceae i.e. Zygnema sp. Spirogyra sp.
Desmids <.5 mm
1. green 2. no flagella 3. mainly solitary, some colonial 4. various shapes 5. two semi-cell, mirror image
Phylum Gamophyceae i.e. Desmidium sp Closterium sp.
Diatoms <.5 mm
1. one cell 2. slow gliding motion 3. solitary or colonial 4. cell wall (frustules) made of silica
Other fresh water plankton (Animalia, Monera, etc) Name
Picture
Characteristic
Taxonomy
Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
1. blue green color 2. gliding movement 3. prokaryote
Kingdom Monera i.e. Annabella sp.
Euglenoids <.4mm
1. sometimes green 2. flagellate 3. red eye spot
Phylum Euglenida i.e. Euglena sp.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Dinoflagellates <.4mm
1. corona with cilia 2. hairy appendages 3. transparent with lorica 4. free swimming or attached 5. organs, compressed body 1. green brown or colorless 2. body and tentacles contract and stretch 3. primitive organs
Rotifers .4mm - 2 cm
Hydra 2 cm
1. flattened 2. eye spots 3. move in gliding motion
1. long antennae 2. tiny eyespot 3. holoplankton 1. antennae 2. large compound eye 3. holoplankton
Water fleas .3-10mm
1. flattened 2. 7 pairs legs 3. scavengers
Isopods 5-20mm
1. curved 2. compressed body 3. humped back 4. scavengers 1. 8 legs 2. round body 3. larvae (parasitic) 4. nymph looks like adult 1. one tail 2. long filaments along the abdomen 3. meroplankton 1. cylindrical case for protection 2. distinct case but different materials
Taxonomy Class Crustacea Order Ostracoda i.e. Cypris sp. Class Crustacea Order Copepoda Class Crustacea Order Cladocera i.e. Daphnia sp Class Crustacea Order Isopoda Class Crustacea Order Amphipoda Class Arachnida Order Acarina Class Insecta Order Megaloptera Family Sialidae Class Insecta Order Trichoptera
6
FIGURE 2
Stonefly nymph <15 mm
1. two jointed tails (cerci) 2. carnivorous 3. indicates clean water
Class Insecta Order Plecoptera
Mayfly nymph <15mm
1. three jointed tails 2. leaf-like gills on sides
Class Insecta Order Ephemeroptera
Damselfly Nymph <15mm
1. three leaf like tail appendages (gills) 2. extendable jaws
Class Insecta Order Odonata Zygoptera
Dragonfly nymph <15mm
1. robust 2. no tail appendages 3. extendable jaws
Class Insecta Order Odonata Anisoptera
Water boatman nymph.and adult 10-15mm
1. no jaws 2. tube-like beak 3. nymphs don’t have wings
Class Insecta Order Hemiptera Family Corixidae
Water beetle <45mm
1. strong jaws 2. tough shield 3. fierce predator
adult
1. strong jaws 2. long segmented body 3. short legs
nymph
1. long slender body 2. moves in undulating s curves
Mosquito larva 1-20 mm
Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Elmidae
Class Insecta Order Diptera
Drawings redrawn from http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/pond/index.html