MALUMA HASS® : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS BY
AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY)
REG. NO. ZA 20043215
INTRODUCTION
HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN 1926 BY MR RUDOLPH HASS AT LA GLABRA HEIGHTS, CALIFORNIA AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS HIGH FLESH QUALITY, HIGHER YIELD AND LATER MATURITY THAN FUERTE. IN THE LAST 50 YEARS HASS HAS BECOME THE DOMINANT CULTIVAR GROWN IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES (NEWETT ET AL, 2002).
MALUMA HASS®, ALSO A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN THE EARLY 1990’S BY MR DRIES JOUBERT AT MALUMA FARM, SOUTH AFRICA, AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS SIMILARITY TO HASS. ALLESBESTE NURSERY EVALUATED THE VARIETY. PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS (ZA 20043215) WAS GRANTED IN SOUTH AFRICA . REGISTRATION OF PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEELAND IS PENDING. MALUMA HASS HAS BEEN APPROVED IN SOUTH AFRICA AS AN EXPORT CULTIVAR (END OF 2006).
OBJECTIVE
TO DRAW A COMPARISON BETWEEN MALUMA HASS® AND HASS
MATERIAL AND METHODS
MALUMA HASS® WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE ALLESBESTE BREEDING AND SELECTION PROGRAMME (PHASE 2) DURING THE LATE 1990’S WHERE IT WAS SUBJECTED TO INTENSIVE TESTING
MALUMA
HASS
TWO SEMI-COMMERCIAL TRIAL BLOCKS OF 1,5 HECTARE EACH WERE RESPECTIVELY PLANTED DURING MARCH 2001 WITH MALUMA HASS AND HASS GRAFTED ON CLONAL DUKE 7 WITH A 7 X 3,5 SPACING (408 PLANTS PER HA)
TRIAL BLOCKS WERE ESTABLISHED AT THE FARM HUMOR, TZANEEN IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA THE CO-ORDINATES OF THE SITE ARE S 23º 44’ 25.0” E 30º 11’ 01.1” AT AN ALTITUDE OF 793 METRES COMPARISONS WERE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO TREE, FLOWER AND FRUITING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TWO CULTIVARS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MALUMA
HASS
MALUMA
HASS
HASS
MALUMA
PICKED: 27/3/04 (WEEK 13) EAT RIPE: 9/4/04 (WEEK 15) 80% MOISTURE
MALUMA
MALUMA
PICKED: 23/03/06 (WEEK 12) EAT RIPE: 06/04/06 (WEEK 14) 78% MOISTURE
PICKED 12/4/2006 (WEEK 15) MALUMA: 75% MOISTURE MALUMA
HASS
MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT
85
85
80
80 PERCENTAGE (%)
PERCENTAGE
FUERTE MOISTURE CONTENT
75
70
78%
75
70
78%
65
65
60
60 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13 14 15
WEEKS B1
D2
GEM
18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
26 27
WEEKS
Linear (GEM)
C3
Linear (C3)
HASS MOISTURE CONTENT
MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT / COUNT 90
95 90
85
85
PERCENTAGE (%)
PERCENTAGE (%)
16 17
80 75 70
80
75
70
78%
65
78% 65
60 6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
16
WEEKS 10 22 Linear (18)
12 24 Linear (GEM)
14 26 Linear (24)
16 GEM
60
18 Linear (14)
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
WEEKS
20 Linear (22)
A2
C4
C5
C8
D4-7
E
F
G
GEM
Linear (GEM)
33
Total EU Avocado Supply (updated 14/07/2006) Bars to left of arrow represent actual shipments from Peru, but also include estimates from other origins. Bars to right of arrow represent estimates
2000 1800
4 k g C a r to n s ('0 0 0 )
1600 GAP IN MARKET
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
Week on market Israel green Argentina Green
Israel Hass Argentina Hass
Spain Green Peru Green
Spain Hass Peru Hass
Mexico Green Chile Hass
Mexico Hass RSA Green
Kenya Green RSA Hass
Kenya Hass USA Hass
51
49
47
45
43
41
39
37
35
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
0
ARRIVAL: UK
TABLE 1 COMPARISON BETWEEN TREE CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS
MALUMA HASS
HASS
PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS
YES
NO (EXPIRED)
RACE
GUATEMALAN WITH MEXICAN GENES
CANOPY SHAPE
UPRIGHT, TRIANGULAR
FAIRLY UPRIGHT, (ROUND)
CANOPY STRUCTURE
CENTRAL LEADER WITH LATERAL BRANCHING
SEVERAL LEADER BRANCHES
CANOPY DENSITY
GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION
DENSE, POOR LIGHT PENETRATION
GROWTH VIGOUR
THRIFTY
MEDIUM – VIGOROUS
GROWTH MANIPULATION
YES, PRUNING GROWTH RETARDANT
PLANT DENSITY (MANIPULATED)
400 – 800 / HA
200 – 400 / HA
PRECOCITY
HIGH
INTERMEDIATE
BEARING PATTERN AND PRODUCTIVITY
FAIRLY CONSTANT AND HIGH
ALTERNATIVE AND MODERATE
HARVEST PERIOD (EXPORT)
WEEK 12 – 24
WEEK 18– 33
SOME
WITHOUT
GUATEMALAN WITH MEXICAN GENES
SOME
CIRCULAR
YES, PRUNING WITH GROWTH RETARDANT
TABLE 2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS
MALUMA HASS
HASS
FLOWER GROUP
A
A
FRUIT (ORCHARD) INTERNAL COLD DAMAGE AT FROST POINT
MODERATE – NONE
SEVERE – MODERATE
FRUIT SIZE
150 – 400G
100 – 330G
FRUIT SHAPE
PYRIFORM
OBOVATE
FRUIT COLOUR (RIPE)
PURPLE-BLACK
REDDISH-PURPLE
FRUIT APPEARANCE
SHINY
DULL
SEED SHAPE
OBOVATE WITH FLAT BASE
OBOVATE
10 – 15%
20 – 25%
SKIN THICKNESS
1–2 MM
1–2 MM
SKIN TEXTURE
SEMI-ROUGH, LEATHERY
LENTICEL DAMAGE
TOLERANT
SUSCEPTIBLE
MATURITY
≤ 78%
≤ 77%
TASTE & FLAVOUR
EXCELLENT, RICH AND TASTY
EXCELLENT, RICH AND NUTTY
FLESH COLOUR
CREAMY-YELLOW GREEN RIND
FLESH TEXTURE
SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE
SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE
SHIPPING AND STORAGE ABILITY
EXCELLENT AND ACCEPTABLE
EXCELLENT AND GOOD
SEED AS VOLUME
%
OF
TOTAL
FRUIT
PEBBLY
WITH
AND
LIGHT
SEMI-ROUGH, LIGHT PEBBLY AND LEATHERY
CREAMY-YELLOW GREEN RIND
WITH
LIGHT
TABLE 3 COMPARISON BETWEEN RESISTANCE TO FRUIT DISEASES AND INCIDENCE OF DISORDERS CHARACTERISTICS
MALUMA HASS
HASS
CERCOSPERA
RESISTANT
RESISTANT
ANTHRACNOSE
TOLERANT
TOLERANT
RING NECK
STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED – LESS SIGNIFICANT
STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED
NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED
INSECT TOLERANCE
FAIRLY TOLERANT
FAIRLY TOLERANT
MALUMA HASS vs HASS CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION & INCOME PER HECTARE 60000
$45,000.00 53132 $29,450.87
$35,000.00
32062.5
40000
36363
30000 15146.2 20000
$25,000.00
$19,213.37
$13,327.95
$20,000.00
21619.5
$3,942.29
$30,000.00
$15,000.00
$8,826.96
$10,000.00
2601.9 10000
6260.8 $5,000.00
466.7 0
$0.00 2
$364.20
3
$2,789.47
4
5
AGE (YEAR) Maluma - Kg/Ha
Hass - Kg/Ha
Maluma - Income / Ha
Hass - Income / Ha
IN C O M E (U S $ )
P R O D U C T IO N (K G )
50000
$41,041.61 $40,000.00
CONCLUSIONS MALUMA HASS® SUCCESSFULLY RELEASED FROM THE BREEDNG AND SELECTION PROGRAM OF ALLESBESTE NURSERY, SOUTH AFRICA
MALUMA HASS® IS AN EARLY BEARING TRIANGULAR SHAPED THRIFTY UPRIGHT GROWING TREE WITH A NATURAL CENTRAL LEADER AND LATERAL BRANCHING, ALLOWING FOR GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
MALUMA HASS® IS PRECOCIOUS, WITH A HIGH AND CONSTANT BEARING PATTERN ANNUALLY SIGNIFICANTLY OUTPERFORMS HASS, ON A PLANT DENSITY OF 400 TREES PER HECTARE, ON PRODUCTION AND INCOME PRODUCTIVE WITHOUT THE USE OF GROWTH RETARDANTS WITH SUBSTANTIAL SAVING IN PRODUCTION COST COULD BE PLANTINGS
CONSIDERED
FOR
HIGH-DENSITY
MALUMA HASS® HAS A DISTRIBUTION THAN HASS
BETTER
COUNT
BEING AN EARLY FRUITING CULTIVAR IT CAN SUCCESSFULLY EXTEND THE HASS SEASON BY ONE MONTH
MALUMA HASS IS EITHER RESISTANT OR TOLERATES THE MOST IMPORTANT FRUIT DISEASES AND DISORDERS ON FRUIT APPEARANCE, QUALITY AND TASTE MALUMA HASS COMPARES VERY FAVOURABLE WITH HASS FULL EXPORT CULTIVAR STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA SINCE END 2006 - EXPORTS WELL ACCEPTED BY SUPERMARKET) PROGRAMMES
TESCO (A LEADING U.K. FOR ITS RIPE-AND-READY
ALLESBESTE NURSERY HOLDS THE PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS FOR MALUMA HASS® UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER ZA 20043215
THE REGISTRATION FOR PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS IS PENDING IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
MALUMA-HASS®
THANK YOU
REG. NO. ZA 20043215
