Dedication These notes are dedicated to the people who have implemented the gcc suite of software, to Dinkumware and to Microsoft. Gcc and g++ The gcc home page is
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An Introduction to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) Broadcasting September 2004
What is DTT ? Analogue Terrestrial Television (Existing) • Analogue TV signals received via aerial or communal aerial broadcast distribution (CABD) system for viewing on TV set • Currently four free-to-air TV programme channels in HK
Use analogue transmission
Digital Terrestrial Television (Coming) 011001110101 Use digital transmission Decoder
• Digital TV signal received via aerial or CABD system and decoded for viewing on TV set • Supports more free-to-air TV programme channels plus high definition TV
How to receive Digital Terrestrial Television ? How to Receive DTT ?
01
0 10
11
1 10
01 Decoder
External decoder added between TV socket and conventional TV set
OR Integrated digital TV set with decoder built in
Benefits of DTT Improved reception and picture quality Support new services like high definition television (HDTV) and multimedia / interactive services Carry more contents in one channel Support mobile / portable reception Better use of frequency spectrum Release valuable frequency spectrum for other uses after full migration from analogue to digital broadcasting
DTT Improves Reception of Television Signals Analogue – weak signal causes snowy pictures
Radio signals weaken over distance and due to blockings
Digital – clear picture can be received at a lower signal level
DTT Improves Television Picture Quality Analogue – multi-path reflections from tall buildings cause ghosting
01
11
11 01
01
Digital – clear picture and no ghosting Decoder
DTT Supports High Definition Television Analogue TV (Standard Definition)
Digital TV (High Definition)
Resolution up to 575 lines (vertical) x 720 pixels (horizontal)
Resolution up to 1080 lines (vertical) x 1920 pixels (horizontal)
Aspect ratio 4:3
Aspect ratio 16:9 (Widescreen)
Stereo sound
Multi sound channels (e.g. Dolby 5.1 multi-channel sound)
DTT Supports Multi-Channel Programmes and Multimedia Contents Digital broadcasting
Digital frequency Channel
A frequency channel with digital transmission can carry one high definition TV programme channel plus multi-sound channels and data services OR
Digital frequency Channel
Analogue broadcasting
Analogue frequency Channel
four standard definition TV programme channels plus multi-sound channels and data services A frequency channel with analogue transmission can carry one standard definition equivalent TV programme channel only
DTT Supports Reception by Mobile / Portable Devices Analogue – fixed reception only
Analogue broadcasting
011001110101 Digital broadcasting Decoder
Digital – fixed and mobile reception
DTT Makes More Efficient Use of Radio Spectrum Multi-Frequency Network
Single-Frequency Network
(Used by Existing Analogue TV)
(Used by DTT only)
Channel 21, 23, 25, 27
Channel 34, 38, 42, 44
Temple Hill
Castle Peak
Cloudy Hill
Channel 30
Temple Hill
Castle Peak
Cloudy Hill
Channel 49, 51, 53, 55
• Different transmitters use different frequency channels to carry the same TV programme channels
• Different transmitters use the same frequency channel to transmit the same TV programme channels
• Many frequency channels are required to cover the service area
• Only one frequency channel is required to cover the service area
Release of Valuable Frequency Spectrum after Analogue Switch-off and Full Migration to Digital Existing Status The existing spectrum can be used for transmitting only 4 analogue channels and some digital channels
After Analogue Switch-off The whole spectrum can be used for digital broadcasts and other applications
digital
Some spectrum can only be used for digital broadcast (maximum 5 multiplexes)
analogue ATV Home ATV World TVB Jade TVB Pearl
digital
digital broadcasting services
spectrum released for digital broadcasts and other applications
Timetable for Implementation of DTT Analogue Broadcasts Only
Analogue
Existing four free TV programmes
Now
Simulcast starts (By 2007)
Simultaneous Analogue and Digital Broadcasts (Simulcast)
Analogue Digital
Digital
Digital
New HDTV and/or multichannel programmes
Simulcast Period
Analogue broadcasts to be switched off Digital Broadcasts Only
Digital
Digital
Digital
Digital
Digital
Analogue Switchoff 12
More about DTT in Hong Kong Please visit the following websites for more information about DTT in Hong Kong: 1. Communications and Technology Branch, Commerce, Industry and Technology Bureau (http://www.citb.gov.hk/ctb) 2. Office of the Telecommunications Authority (http://www.ofta.gov.hk)
