THL/C HIEN NGUYEN TAC TAP TRUNG DAN CHU CUA DANG
TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY Doan Tat H o a i
n
Tap t r u n g d a n chu l a nguyen tac ma V.I.Lenin de r a t r e n cor sd ke thda, bao ve va phat t r i e n t t i ttidng cua C.Mac v a Ph.Angghen ve D a n g Cong san. D a y l a nguyen tac de p h a n biet v d i n h t i n g dang cor h o i cua Quoc te I I (nhufng dang da bien t h a n h t d i t d cua giai cap t t i san, phan boi l a i Chu nghia Mac va quyen l q i cua giai cap cong nhan, t h i c h n g h i vdi dau t r a n h n g h i trtidng t h u a n tuy). Nguyen tac t a p t r u n g dan chu da k h o n g bien Dang t h a n h m o t cau lac bo de m o i ngtidi co the r a vao t u y t i e n , hoac vao Dang nhting chi ndi ma k h o n g lam, hoac m o i ngtidi l a m m o t each, r o t cuoc t r i e t tieu sdc m a n h cua Dang. T a p t r u n g dan chu la nguyen tac da dtiqc D a i h o i I I cua Quoc te Cong san cong n h a n l a nguyen tac ccf ban, l a can cd khoa hoc, l a co so de cong n h a n va k e t nap cac D a n g Cong san, c h i n h dang cua giai cap cong nhan, mang ban chat giai cap cong n h a n vao ThS. KHXH&NV, Hoc vien Chinh tri - td chtic Quoc te Cong san. V i vay, t a p trung dan chu l a nguyen tac co b a n cua Hanh chinh khu vUc I I , Hoc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi Minh Dang Cong san. / ^ T v a n g Cong san l a to clitic ^ — y J chinh t r i cao nhat, dtigfc to c x ^ / chile chat che va the h i e n y thdc giac ngo giai cap cao n h a t ciia giai cap cong n h a n l a m o t c h i n h the thong nhat. T i n h c h i n h the t h o n g n h a t ciia Dang the hien: he t h o n g t d chtic cua Dang dtiqc t d chdc theo b o h cap tticfng dng vdi he thong td chtic h a n h c h i n h nha ntidc t d Trung titing den cof sd; m o i dang vien la te bao cau t h a n h Dang; Dang co he thong nguyen tac t d chdc, sinh hoat va hoat dong khoa hoc, chat che, thong nhat, co ky luat nghiem minh. Trong he thong nguyen tac t d chdc dd, tap trung dan chu la nguyen tac co" b a n c h i phdi moi hoat dong cua Dang; co cau bo may to chdc, sinh hoat n d i bo D a n g va hoat dong lanh dao cua Dang deu p h a i l a y tap trung dan chu l a nguyen tac co" ban.
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1. B a n c h a t n g u y e n t a c t a p trung dan c h u c u a D a n g B a n g t a luon k h a n g dinh: "Bang Cong san V i e t N a m t d chdc theo nguyen tac t a p t r u n g d a n chu" . N o i dung nguyen tac t a p t r u n g d a n chu da dtiqc quy d i n h cu the, g h i ro t r o n g Bieu le Bang. Qua 6 n o i dung, ban chat nguyen tdc tap trung dan chu the hien: - Tap trung vd dan chu la hai mat hqp thanh mot chinh the, co moi quan he bien chdng tdc dong qua lqi, nen co tinh thong nhat cao. T a p t r u n g co nghia l a , B a n g p h a i co ctiong l i n h , during l d i each m a n g dung dan, n h a t quan, co dieu le dang khoa hoc, each mang dtiqc toan t h e dang v i e n thda n h a n va t q giac chap hanh. B a n g v i e n va t d chdc dang cac cap p h a i d a t dtidi sti chi dao cua cac t r u n g t a m l a n h dao thong nhat, do l a d a i h o i d a i bieu toan quoc, d m o i cap la d a i h d i d a i bieu hoac dai h p i dang vien. Gida h a i k y d a i h p i , co quan l a n h dao cao n h a t cua B a n g l a Ban Chap h a n h T r u n g tiOng, d m o i cap la Ban Chap h a n h B a n g bp, C h i bp (gpi t a t la cap uy). N g h i quyet cua d a i h p i dai bieu toan quoc va B a n Chap h a n h Trung ticng v d i tif each the t h i e n y chi, nguyen vong va quyet t a m cua toan B a n g duqc cac t d chdc dang va dang vien thda n h a n va t t i giac chap hanh. D a n chu t r o n g D a n g c h i n h la quyen lam chu cua dang vien, l a sti t h a m gia tich ctic, sang tao ciia dang v i e n vao cac cong viec cua D a n g m p t each trtic tiep hay gian tiep t h o n g qua cac d a i bieu ciia minh, ke ca viec t h a n h l a p cac co quan l a n h dao cac cap cua Dang. Cac co quan l a n h dao cua D a n g do dang v i e n (1)
111
DCSVN, Bieu le Bang Cong san Viet Nam,
Nxb CTQG, HN. 2006, tr.16
!XgAten cdu - Urao doi
bau cd d a n chu ma nen, thtic h i e n tap t h i l a n h dao, ca n h a n phu t r a c h va p h a i chiu t r a c h n h i e m trUdc t a p the. Hp co the b i b a i m i e n b a t k y luc nao neu k h o n g hoan t h a n h n h i e m vu ma td chdc trao cho. D a n g v i e n co y kien thupc ve thieu sd dupe quyen bao luu va gdi l e n cap uy cap t r e n cho den dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc, song p h a i chap hanh n g h i e m c h i n h n g h i quyet, m p i l d i ndi va viec l a m cua dang v i e n p h a i t u a n theo n g h i quyet cua Dang. GiUa t a p trung va dan chu co sti tac dong qua l a i , dan chu cang cao, quyen l a m chd cda dang vien duqc coi t r o n g va phat huy t h i t a p trung t h o n g n h a t t r o n g D a n g cang cao. Dong t h d i , thtic h i e n d a n chu p h a i tap trung, t h o n g n h a t t r e n co sd t o n t r o n g , bao ve quyen l q i , l q i i c h cua Dang, do cung la l q i i c h cua giai cap, cua n h a n dan, ciia dan tdc. D a n chu b a n bac, thao luan p h a i d i den t h o n g n h a t n h a n thdc va h a n h dong t r o n g t o a n Dang. NhU vay, dan chu l a dieu k i e n , l a t i e n de ciia tap trung, con t a p t r u n g l a cO sd dam bao cho d a n chu dupe thtic hien. - Hai mat tap trung vd dan chu phai dtiqc coi trong, thiic hien nghiem tuc nhu nhau, khong xem nhe mat nao, cang khong duqc doi lap tap trung vai dan chu, dan chu vdi tap trung. Tap t r u n g k h o n g t r e n co sd d a n chu se dan den t a p t r u n g quan lieu, chuyen quyen, dpc doan, gia trudng, b a t chap k y luat, k y ctiong, v i p h a m nguyen tac t d chdc, tuOc d i sdc m a n h cua Dang. D a n chu k h o n g gan v d i t a p t r u n g se d a n den dan chu vo nguyen tac, t u do, t u y tien, l a m long leo, reu r a va suy yeu t d chdc dang. NhU vay, t r o n g t a p t r u n g da co dan chu, t r o n g d a n chu chda dting tap trung. K h i da b a n bac, thao l u a n thong n h a t t h i l d i n o i va viec l a m cua dang vien p h a i tuan theo CtiOng l i n h , dtidng K h o a h o c C h i n h trj - So 03/2011
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DCq/i/en cdu - Jrao doi
ldi, Dieu le Dang, p h a i v i muc dich, l o i ich cua Dang. Do cung l a muc dich, led ich ciia giai cap, cua n h a n dan va dan toe. Phai k i e n quyet chdng quan lieu, gia trudng, doc doan, chuyen quyen va nhUng bieu h i e n v i pham dan chu trong Dang, hoac dan chu h i n h thdc, noi khong di doi vdi lam. 2. Thtfc h i e n n g u y e n t&c t a p t r u n g dan c h u t r o n g g i a i d o a n h i e n n a y Td ngay t h a n h lap den nay, duqc sti to chdc, giao due va r e n luyen cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh, Dang ta luon quan t r i e t va van dung sang tao cac nguyen tac cua V.I.Lenin ve chinh dang kieu m d i cua giai cap cong nhan; luon l a y t a p t r u n g dan chu l a m nguyen tac co" ban, da tao nen sdc manh v i dai, l a n h dao each mang di t d thang l q i nay den t h a n g l q i khac. Trong giai doan each mang h i e n nay, Dang t a l a dang cam quyen, k i e n dinh muc tieu doc lap dan tpc gan l i e n vdi CNXH. De thtic h i e n dtiqc muc tieu do, "Dang va N h a ntidc t a chu trtiting thtic hien nhat quan va lau d a i chinh sach phat t r i e n k i n h te h a n g hoa nhieu thanh phan v a n h a n h theo CP che t h i trtidng co sti quan l y cua N h a ntidc theo dinh htidng XHCN. Do la mo h i n h k i n h te tdng quat cua ntidc t a t r o n g t h d i k y qua dp len CNXH" . Nen k i n h te t h i trtidng cd m a t tich ctic, nhting cung co nhdng m a t t r a i , tieu ctic, hang ngay, hang gid tac dong den mpi mat ciia ddi song xa hpi, cung nhti trong xay dting td chtic va hoat dong l a n h dao ciia Dang, cua cac t d chdc dang va dang vien. V i vay, nguyen tac t a p t r u n g dan chu phai dtipc coi t r o n g va thtic h i e n nghiem tdc. Trong dieu k i e n Dang cam quyen, 111
D C S V N , Van kien Bai hpi dai bieu toan qudc ldn thu: IX, N x b C T Q G , HN. 2001, tr.23 111
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Nha ntidc la cP quan quyen ltic cao n h a t cua n h a n dan, thay m a t n h a n d a n t d chtic quan l y d a t ntidc. M p i hoat dong l a n h dao cua D a n g doi v d i cac l i n h vtic cua ddi song xa h p i phai thong qua N h a ntidc, bdng N h a ntidc va tuan t h u phap luat. V i vay, thtic h i e n nguyen tac t a p t r u n g dan chu t r o n g D a n g phai coi trong, gan l i e n v d i viec m d rong, phat huy dan chu ben ngoai xa h p i ; phai coi t r o n g viec phat huy quyen l a m chu cua n h a n dan, dtia vao n h a n dan de xay dting Dang va thtic h i e n v a i t r o l a n h dao each mang cua Dang. D a n g phai t o n trong, phat huy cao dp quyen l a m chu, t i n h chu dong, sang tao cua cac t d chdc dang, dang vien va cua ca he t h o n g chinh t r i . Dong thdi, phai de cao vai t r o g i a m sat thtidng xuyen cda quan chung n h a n dan va co sti dau t r a n h cua cong luan. T u y nhting v a n de va d nhting mtic dp, pham v i t h i c h hqp phai thtic h i e n cong k h a i cac hoat dong cua cap uy, ca n h a n l a n h dao cac cap cua Dang. Trong dieu k i e n h i e n nay, cac the ltic t h u dich dang r a sdc, rao r i e t bang mpi t h u doan cho'ng pha nham ha thap uy t i n cua Dang de d i den t h u tieu v a i tro l a n h dao cua D a n g va che dp X H C N d ntidc ta. M p t t r o n g nhting n p i dung cong k i c h t r o n g t a m cua cac the ltic t h u dich la nguyen tac t a p t r u n g dan chu. K i n h n g h i e m l i c h sd cua phong trao cong san va cong n h a n qudc te, n h a t l a sti t a n r a cua cac Dang Cong san d Dong A u va L i e n X6 cho thay, viec v i pham nguyen tac t a p t r u n g d a n chu la m p t trong nhting nguyen n h a n l a m giam sut nang ltic l a n h dao va sdc chien dau cua Dang, t h a m chi l a m t a n r a Dang ve m a t td chtic. V i vay, ho'n luc nao het, Dang ta phai coi t r o n g va thtic h i e n nghiem tuc nguyen tac t a p t r u n g dan chii, n h a m tao nen sdc m a n h doan k e t thong n h a t
* cua Dang, l a m co" scV, dieu k i e n de thtic h i e n c h i n h s a c h d a i doan k e t toan d a n
CKgAien cdu - Jrao do/
nguyen tdc tap trung ddn chu trong toan Ddng
tpc, huy dong sdc m a n h cua c a d a n tpc
Npi dung nguyen t a c tap trung dan
thtic h i e n thang lpi su" nghiep each m a n g
chu dtipc ghi ro trong D i e u le D a n g l a
do D a n g khdi xtidng v a l a n h dao.
phap l e n h cua Dang, toan D a n g p h a i nam
3. G i a i p h a p n h a m thu*c h i e n nghiem nguyen tac tap trung dan c h u ciia D a n g
vting v a thtic h i e n n g h i e m c h i n h nguyen tdc nay, k h o n g co ngoai le. Mudn vay,
T r o n g thdi gian qua, viec thqc h i e n nguyen tac tap trung d a n chu co nhufng chuyen bien tich cqc. Mpi chu truWng, dtidnj 161, nghi quyet cua D a n g deu duqc
qua moi k y dai hpi, cac cap uy d a n g phai td chtic hoc tap, quan triet, n h a n thtic sau sac ve Dieu le, dtidng ldi, nghi quyet trong toan Dang. C a n bp, d a n g v i e n phai chap h a n h v a thtic h i e n n g h i e m chinh. Dang
td chdc thao luan, l a y y k i e n cua d a n g
phai cd CP che, quy d i n h cu the bao dam
v i e n va td chdc dang cac cap; s i n h hoat
thtic h i e n n g h i e m n g u y e n t a c tap trung
cua cac cap uy v a td chdc dang duqc tien
dan chu trong s i n h hoat dang. C a c cap
h a n h dan chu, cdi md hon. C a c h i n h thdc giao ban, hpi thao, tiep xuc trtic tiep gida
uy D a n g p h a i thtic sti ton trong quyen
can bp chu chdt vdi dang v i e n v a n h a n
chap h a n h n g h i e m tuc cac quy dinh trong
dan dupe tang cUdng; d a n chu trong Dang,
nguyen tac tap trung d a n chu. T r e n cp so
trong quan he gida D a n g vdi N h a
cua d a n g vien, song d a n g v i e n cung phai
nUdc,
do, k h a c phuc t i n h t r a n g cap uy vi pham
trong hoat dong cua N h a nUdc v a trong
quyen cua d a n g vien, con d a n g v i e n thi
xa hpi co tien bp. T u y nhien, viec thtic
thu ddng, t h d o, vo k y luat. C a c cap uy
h i e n nguyen tac tap trung d a n chu v a n con nhUng h a n che: con thieu nhUng quy
dang p h a i do d a n chu bau cd r a v a chiu sq giam s a t cua td chdc dang, d a n g vien va
dinh cu the bao dam thtic h i e n dung d a n nguyen tac tap trung d a n chu, phat huy dan chii trong D a n g v a quyen cua dang
phai dinh k y bao cao hoat dong cua minh trtidc dang bp, thtidng x u y e n thong bao t i n h h i n h v a hoat dong cua m i n h den cac
vien; mpt so cap uy, td chdc dang v a c a n
td chtic dang cap dtidi; p h a i x d l y nghiem
bp l a n h dao thieu ton trong v a phat huy
k h a c nhting ngtidi co t h a i dp tra'n ap, tru
quyen cua dang vien, it l a n g nghe y k i e n cua cap dudi; moi quan he ve t r a c h n h i e m gida tap the v a ca nhan, n h a t l a ngUdi ddng dau chua dtiqc quy dinh cu the, chtia phat huy dung mdc v a i tro cua ca n h a n va tap the. Cong tac g i a m s a t trong D a n g v a giam s a t cua n h a n d a n doi vdi cac hoat dong cua Dang, N h a ntidc, c a n bp, dang v i e n chtia dtipc quan tam, chtia ngang t a m cong tac x a y dting Dang.
dap ngtidi phe b i n h hoac l q i dung phe binh de da kich, vu cao ngtidi k h a c gay chia re, m a t doan k e t trong Dang.
Hai Id, thtic hien tap the lanh dao, cd nhan phu trach vd ddn chu trong cong tdc can bo Hoat dong l a n h dao cua D a n g phai tuan theo nguyen t a c tap the l a n h dao, ca n h a n phu trach. C a c v a n de thupc ve
De phat huy nhting tiu diem, k h a c
chu trtiPng, dtidng loi cua D a n g p h a i dtipc tap the cap uy hoac tap the d a n g vien
phuc nhdng h a n che tren, cac cap uy dang
ban bac v a quyet dinh. Nhting v a n de
can thtic h i e n tot nhitng gidi phap
thupc ve ke hoach, b i e n p h a p cu the de
sau:
Mot Id, phai cd nhan thtic clung thtic h i e n chu trtiPng, dtidng ldi dd giao ddn, thong nhat ve noi dung va ban chdt cho ca n h a n phu t r a c h v a chu dong t r i e n K h o a h o c C h i n h tri - So 03/2011
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D'CgAien cdu - Orao cfdi
khai thtic hien, song khong dtipc t r a i vdi chu trticfng, dtidng ldi cua Dang va nhting van de ma tap the da quyet dinh nham khac phuc t i n h t r a n g t r a n h cong, dd loi, khong quy ro trach nhiem cua tap the hay ca nhan k h i co sai pham. Trong cong tac can bp, phai quy dinh cu the tieu chuan cho tdng chtic danh, lam can cd thao luan dan chu trtidc tap the, t r e n CP sd do thtic hien quy hoach, dao tao va bd t r i can bp. Viec gidi thieu ngtidi de bau vao cap uy phai dtipc tien hanh t t i co sd. Bd nhiem can bp phai hoi y kien co sd va lay phieu tin nhiem t t i co so. Phat hien k i p thdi va xd ly nghiem m i n h nhting hien ttipng chay chtic, chay quyen... Viec danh gia can bo phai dtiqc thong qua y k i e n cap quan ly can bp, cap dtitii va quan chdng nhting ngtidi co quan he, cd hieu biet ve can bp do, trtic tiep ddi thoai vdi can bp do. Can co quy dinh can bp l a n h dao cac cap di co sd, tiep xuc trtic tiep, ddi thoai vdi quan chiing va cap dtidi. Cac cap uy vien, nhat la can bp chu cho't, co chtiong t r i n h cong tac a co sd, tiep xuc, lang nghe y kien va t r a lcfi chat van cua dang vien va nhan dan. Ba la, cung co, tang ctibng khdi ket thong
nhat, thtic hien
thtibng
cong tac tti phe binh vd phe binh trong
doan xuyen Bang
Sdc manh cua Dang l a n h d sti doan ket chat che trong Dang va gitia Dang vdi nhan dan. Doan k e t la truyen thong cua Bang dtiqc xay dting, phat huy bdi truyen thong doan ket cua dan tpc, dtipc toi luyen qua hang ngan nam lich sd. N h d sdc manh doan ket, Dang da lanh dao nhan dan d i td thang lpi nay den thang l q i khac. Trong sti nghiep ddi m d i hien nay, cang phai coi trong va phat huy sdc m a n h doan ket thong nhat trong Dang. Dang tuy nhieu ngtidi nhting y chi chi la mpt de l a m cp sd, dieu kien thtic hien dai doan ket toan dan tpc, thtic hien thang l q i sti nghiep ddi mdi do Dang khdi xtidng va lanh dao. Ddng K h o a h o c C h i n h tri - So 03/2011
thdi, md rong dan chu phai gan vdi thtic hien thtidng xuyen cong tac t t i phe binh va phe binh trong Dang. Cac cap uy vien phai gtipng mau t t i phe b i n h trtidc dang vien va co t h a i dp dung dan k h i tiep thu phe binh. Ddi v d i tdng dang vien, phai thtic hien nghiem tuc che dp, quy dinh t t i phe binh va phe binh, chu dong thtic hien quyen dtiqc phe b i n h va chat van trong pham v i to chtic ve hoat dong cua td chdc dang va dang vien d mpi cap. Trong t q phe binh va phe b i n h can khac phuc va cho'ng each l a m h i n h thtic, chieu le, cung nhti chi phe binh ma khong t t i phe binh. Tti phe b i n h va phe b i n h phai t r e n co so nguyen tac Dang, phai co t i n h ddng chi thtiOng yeu l a n nhau. Bon kiem
la, nang
tra, giam
cao chdt Itiqng cong tdc
sat trong Bang,
di doi vdi
viec tang ctidng ky luat, ky ctiong cua
Bang
Cac cap uy dang phai nhan thtic dung dan cong tac k i e m tra, giam sat la chdc nang lanh dao, l a npi dung quan trong trong quy t r i n h l a n h dao cua cap uy. Td chtic dang va dang vien phai chiu sti kiem tra, giam sat cua Dang. Cac cap uy dang lanh dao va td chdc thtic hien cong tac kiem tra, giam sat cac t d chtic dang va dang vien chap hanh nghiem chinh CtiOng l i n h chinh t r i , Dieu le Dang, nghi quyet, chi t h i cua Dang; phai thtiOng xuyen cung cd, kien toan Uy ban Kiem tra. Uy ban Kiem tra cac cap phai thtic sti la "tai mat", "bp 6c" tham mtiu cho cap uy thtic hien tot nhiem vu k i e m tra, giam sat, ddng thdi phai gan k i e m tra, giam sat vdi viec t h i hanh ky luat trong Dang. Can quy dinh thanh che dp giti g i n k y luat, k y ctiPng cua Dang 0 moi co quan, don vi, nhat la nguyen tac chap h a n h chi t h i cua Dang, ky luat phat ngon, bao cao, x i n chi t h i va giti gin bi m a t cua Dang. T r e n co sd do bupc cac to chdc dang, can bp, dang vien nghiem tuc thtic hien.Q
