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Atomic Basics
Name ___________________________
Part A: Atomic Structure 1. Draw five protons in the nucleus of the atom. Label them with their charge. 2. Draw six neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. 3. Draw two electrons in the first energy level and label them with their charge. 4. Draw three electrons in the second energy level and label them with their charge. 5. What element is represented by the diagram? ____________ Part B: Atomic Calculations 6. Label the information provided in the periodic table. 7. What does the atomic number represent?
8
____________________ or ____________________
O
8. What does the atomic mass represent?
Oxygen 15.999
____________________ + ____________________
9. How would you figure the number of protons or electrons in an atom?
10. How would you figure the number of neutrons in an atom?
11. Use your knowledge of atomic calculations to complete the chart. Element
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Protons
Li P Cl Ni K Ag H Si W Ne T. Trimpe 2007
http://sciencespot.net/
Neutrons
Electrons
Part C: Electron Configuration 12. How many electrons can each level hold? 1st = _____ 2nd = _____ 3rd = _____ 13. What term is used for the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level? ____________________ 14. Scientists use two types of diagrams to show the electron configuration for atoms. Follow your teacher’s directions to complete the diagrams.
Bohr Diagram Shows all electrons
Sulfur Atomic # = 16
Lewis Structure Shows valence electrons
Atomic Mass = 32
S
Protons = ____ Neutrons = ____ Electron = ____
15. Calculate the missing information and then draw the Bohr Diagram and Lewis Structure for each element.
Li
Cl
Atomic # = 3
Atomic # = 10
Atomic # = 12
Mass # = 7
Mass # = 20
Mass # = 24
# of P = ____
# of P = ____
# of P = ____
# of N = ____
# of N = ____
# of N = ____
# of E = ____
Ne
# of E = ____
Mg
# of E = ____
Atomic # = 17
Atomic # = 2
Atomic # = 14
Mass # = 35
Mass # = 4
Mass # = 28
# of P = ____
# of P = ____
# of P = ____
# of N = ____
# of N = ____
# of N = ____
# of E = ____
He
# of E = ____
Si
# of E = ____
16. Answer the questions below based on the elements in question #15. (1) Which elements had a filled outermost shell? _____ _____ (2) Which element would be most likely to lose electrons in a chemical bond? _____ (3) Which element would be most likely to gain electrons in a chemical bond? _____ (4) Which elements are not likely to bond with other elements? _____ _____ Why? _________________________
T. Trimpe 2007
http://sciencespot.net/
Atomic Basics
Answer Key
Part A: Atomic Structure 1. Draw five protons in the nucleus of the atom. Label them with their charge. 2. Draw six neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. 3. Draw two electrons in the first energy level and label them with their charge. 4. Draw three electrons in the second energy level and label them with their charge. 5. What element is represented by the diagram? BORON Part B: Atomic Calculations 6. Label the information provided in the periodic table.
ATOMIC NUMBER
8
O Oxygen 15.999
7. What does the atomic number represent? PROTONS or ELECTRONS
SYMBOL
8. What does the atomic mass represent?
NAME ATOMIC MASS
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
9. How would you figure the number of protons or electrons in an atom? USE THE ATOMIC NUMBER 10. How would you figure the number of neutrons in an atom? SUBTRACT THE ATOMIC NUMBER FROM THE ATOMIC MASS 11. Use your knowledge of atomic calculations to complete the chart. Element
Li P Cl Ni K Ag H Si W Ne
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
3 15
4 16 18
3 15 17 28
17 59 19 108 1 14 17 10
28 19 47
20 0
28 174 20
47 1
14 17 10
NOTE: The number protons and electrons is equal to the atomic number. To find neutrons, subtract the number of protons from the atomic mass. To find the atomic mass, add the number of protons and neutrons. T. Trimpe 2007 http://sciencespot.net/
Part C: Electron Configuration 12. How many electrons can each level hold? 1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 18
13. What term is used for the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level? VALENCE 14. Scientists use two types of diagrams to show the electron configuration for atoms. Follow your teacher’s directions to complete the diagrams.
Bohr Diagram Shows all electrons
Sulfur Atomic # = 16
Lewis Structure Shows valence electrons
Atomic Mass = 32
S
Protons = 16 Neutrons = 16 Electron = 16
15. Calculate the missing information and then draw the Bohr Diagram and Lewis Structure for each element.
Li
Cl
Atomic # = 3
Atomic # = 10
Atomic # = 12
Mass # = 7
Mass # = 20
Mass # = 24
# of P = 3
# of P = 10
# of P = 12
# of N = 4
# of N = 10
# of N = 12
# of E = 3
# of E = 10
Ne
Mg
# of E = 12
Atomic # = 17
Atomic # = 2
Atomic # = 14
Mass # = 35
Mass # = 4
Mass # = 28
# of P = 17
# of P = 2
# of P = 14
# of N = 18
# of N = 2
# of N = 14
# of E = 17
# of E = 2
He
Si
# of E = 14
16. Answer the questions below based on the elements in question #15. (1) Which elements had a filled outermost shell? He & Ne (2) Which element would be most likely to lose electrons in a chemical bond? Li (Only has 1 valence electron) (3) Which element would be most likely to gain electrons in a chemical bond? Cl (Only needs 1 more electron to fill its outer shell) (4) Which elements are not likely to bond with other elements? He & Ne Why? They have full outer shells. T. Trimpe 2007
