Complete Set of Unrevised Notes from Fall 2010 (pdf)

! !! ! (%" !!$&&###*%%"&'&)+*%!

!

!"#$#%"&#'()*&+#,-).&/#-0#123345#(67# 8&9(67# !"#$%&'(#)%"*

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

+'#,)"-* 84 E&0,-$' @4 F(&'E&0,-$'G#/;&' C4 H(%."!'%-'"(&'E&0,-$'G#/;&' =4 H#66+3' @4 F(&'H#66+3'G#/;&' C4 H(%."!'%-'"(&'H#66+3'G#/;&' ?4 H#66+3',-$'E&0,-$' @4 I>#%+%:/%#0' C4 @-,+3J%-<'G(,-<&!'%-'I>#%+%:/%#0' %4 @'G(,-<&'E#&'")','H(%."'%-'E&0,-$' %%4 @'G(,-<&'E#&'")','H(%."'%-'H#66+3'

.-/0"&*

K&"D!':&<%-':3'2)-!%$&/%-<'"(&':&(,;%)/').':#3&/!'%-','6,/"%2#+,/'0,/1&"'.)/','6,/"%2#+,/'<))$7'%2&'2/&,04*

=' '

12-*.-/0"&*3'$4-* F(&',-+'."./*0&(+'0&0*).',-3'<))$'%!'"(&',0)#-"').'"(,"'<))$'"(,"':#3&/!',/&'*%++%-<',-$',:+&'")' 6#/2(,!&4' @+"()#<('"(&/&',/&'0,-3'.,2")/!'"(,"'$&"&/0%-&'"(&'>#,-"%"3'$&0,-$&$').',-3'<))$B')-&'2(%&.' $&"&/0%-,-"').'"(&'>#,-"%"3'$&0,-$&$'%!'"(&'6/%2&').'"(&'<))$4' @!1'3)#/!&+.7'!#66)!&'"(&'6/%2&').',-'%2&'2/&,0'2)-&'<)&!'#6'L'$)&!'"(,"'0,1&'3)#'0)/&'+%1&+3')/'+&!!' +%1&+3'")':#3',-'%2&'2/&,0'2)-&')-',-3'<%;&-'$,3M''E)&!'"(,"'6/%2&'%-2/&,!&'0&,-'3)#'*%++':#3'0)/&')/' .&*&/'%2&'2/&,0'2)-&!');&/'"(&'2)#/!&'"(&'-&N"'3&,/M' O)/'0)!"'6&)6+&',-$'0)!"'<))$!B','(%<(&/'6/%2&'0&,-!','!0,++&/'>#,-"%"3'$&0,-$&$4' F(%!'%!'*(,"'0%2/)&2)-)0%!"!'2,++'"(&'1+2*%3*0&(+'07'"(&'%$&,'"(,"B',++')"(&/'"(%-#,+'PQ2&"&/%!' 6,/%:#!BR',!'@-2%&-"'S)0,-!',-$'0)$&/-'!2%&-"%!"!'*)#+$'!,3TB'"(&'>#,-"%"3'$&0,-$&$').','<))$'.,++!' *(&-'"(&'6/%2&').'"(,"'<))$'/%!&!4' @'0&(+'0*)#4&0-1&'%!','",:+&'!()*%-<'"(&'/&+,"%)-!(%6':&"*&&-'"(&'6/%2&').','<))$',-$'"(&'>#,-"%"3' $&0,-$&$4' @'0&(+'0*#-$5&*%!','#,-"%"3' $&0,-$&$4' 5%2/)&2)-)0%!"!'(,;&',$)6"&$'"(&'2)-;&-"%)-'"(,"B'%-','!#66+3U,-$U$&0,-$'$%,#,-"%"3').' "(&'<))$'%!'0&,!#/&$',+)-<'"(&'()/%J)-",+'PNT',N%!',-$'"(&'6/%2&').'"(&'<))$'%!'0&,!#/&$',+)-<'"(&' ;&/"%2,+'P3T',N%!4' F(&'+,*').'$&0,-$'!,3!'"(,"'.4&*0&(+'0*#-$5&*)1%6&)*0%2'2+$04' O%<#/&'8'!()*!',-'&N,06+&').',-'%-$%;%$#,+':#3&/D!'$&0,-$'!2(&$#+&',-$'$&0,-$'2#/;&4''O%<#/&'=' !()*!'()*'"(&'$&0,-$'.)/','<))$'%-'"(&'0,/1&"',!','*()+&'<&"!'$&"&/0%-&$':3',$$%-<'#6'"(&'$&0,-$!' ).',++'%-$%;%$#,+':#3&/!4'

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

?' ' =4 F(&'6/%2&!').'<))$!'"(,"',/&'2+)!&'!#:!"%"#"&!'.)/'%2&'2/&,0'2(,-<&4'H#66)!&B'.)/'%-!",-2&B'"(,"' "(&'6/%2&').'./)J&-'3)<#/"'<)&!'#64'F(&-'!)0&'6&)6+&'*()'#!&$'")':#3'./)J&-'3)<#/"'*%++'!*%"2(' ")'%2&'2/&,0'%-!"&,$4''F(&'>#,-"%"3').'%2&'2/&,0'$&0,-$&$'<)&!'#6'+.*+'/*7"5&'*6$"#&4' ?4 QF,!"&!R'2(,-<&4'A&)6+&'$&2%$&'"(&3'+%1&'%2&'2/&,0'0)/&B'!)'"(,"'"(&3':#3'0)/&'+.*+'/*7"5&'* 6$"#&4'

5'88,9* X)*'+&"D!'2)-!%$&/'"(&':&(,;%)/').'!&++&/!'%-','6,/"%2#+,/'0,/1&"'.)/','6,/"%2#+,/'<))$7'%2&'2/&,04'

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

52)6#7*)"*#2-*5'88,9*3'$4-* F(&'#6*,/$U!+)6%-<'!#66+3'2#/;&'!#00,/%J&!'()*'"(&'>#,-"%"3'!#66+%&$'2(,-<&!',!'"(&'6/%2&'/%!&!')/' .,++!B'4%10"'7*&5&$/.4"'7*&1)&*#%').+'.8* F(&'!#66+3'2#/;&'!(%."!'")'"(&'+&."')/'")'"(&'/%<("'*(&-'!)0&'&;&-"')22#/!'")'2(,-<&'"(&'>#,-"%"3' !#66+%&$'+.*+'/*7"5&'*6$"#&4' O%<#/&'['%++#!"/,"&!'()*','!#66+3'2#/;&'!(%."!'")'"(&'+&."')/'")'"(&'/%<("4'

\' ' V(3'0%<("'"(&'!#66+3'2#/;&'.)/'%2&'2/&,0'!(%."M' 84 W-6#"'6/%2&!'/%!&B'!)'"(,"'%"'2)!"!'0)/&'")'0,1&',-$'!&++',-$'%2&'2/&,0'2)-&4'F(&-'!&++&/!'*%++' 6/)$#2&'.&*&/'%2&'2/&,0'2)-&!'+.*+'/*7"5&'*6$"#&4'X)"&'"(,"'%-6#"'6/%2&!'%-2+#$&'-)"']#!"'"(&' 6/%2&').'%-
5'88,9*0"&*.-/0"&* 9,;%-<'.%/!"'+))1&$',"'!#66+3',-$'$&0,-$'%-$%;%$#,++3B'-)*'+&"D!'!&&'()*'!#66+3',-$'$&0,-$'%-"&/,2"'")' $&"&/0%-&'"(&'>#,-"%"3',-$'6/%2&').','<))$'!)+$'%-','6,/"%2#+,/'0,/1&"4'

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

U

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

Y' ' F(&!&'%$&,!',/&'!#00,/%J&$':3'"(&'1+2*%3*)-661/*+'0*0&(+'07'"(&'%$&,'"(,"'"(&'6/%2&').',-3'<))$' ,$]#!"!'")':/%-<'"(&'>#,-"%"3'!#66+%&$',-$'"(&'>#,-"%"3'$&0,-$&$').'"(,"'<))$'%-")':,+,-2&4'

="0,9>)"?*320"?-7*)"*:;'),)<$)'/* O%-,++3B'+&"D!'2)06+&"&')#/',-,+3!%!':3'2)-!%$&/%-<'()*';,/%)#!'&;&-"!'2,-',..&2"'"(&'&>#%+%:/%#0'>#,-"%"3' ,-$'6/%2&'%-',-'%-$%;%$#,+'<))$'%-',-'%-$%;%$#,+'0,/1&"4' F)'$)'"(%!B'%"'%!'(&+6.#+'")'*)/1'"(/)#<('"(&'.)++)*%-<'"(/&&U!"&6'6/)2&$#/&7' 84 E&2%$&'*(&"(&/'"(&'&;&-"'!(%."!'"(&'!#66+3'2#/;&')/'"(&'$&0,-$'2#/;&4' =4 E&2%$&'%-'*(%2('$%/&2"%)-'"(&'/&+&;,-"'2#/;&'!(%."!4' ?4 `!&'"(&'!#66+3U,-$U$&0,-$'$%,#%+%:/%#0'6/%2&',-$' >#,-"%"34' =*320"?-*.'-*#%*0*52)6#*)"*.-/0"&* H#66)!&'"(,"','()"'!#00&/'0,1&!'6&)6+&'*,-"'")'&,"'0)/&'%2&'2/&,04' 84 F(%!'2(,-<&'%-'Q",!"&!R'!(%."!'"(&'$&0,-$'2#/;&'.)/'%2&'2/&,04' =4 H%-2&':#3&/!'$&0,-$'0)/&'%2&'2/&,0',"',-3'<%;&-'6/%2&B'"(&'$&0,-$'2#/;&'!(%."!'")'"(&'/%<("4' ?4 @!'!()*-'%-'.%<#/&'8a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b/B',' 2(,-<&'Q%-'$&0,-$R',-$','2(,-<&'Q%-'"(&'>#,-"%"3'$&0,-$&$BR':#"')-+3','2(,-<&'%-'"(&'Q>#,-"%"3' !#66+%&$R',-$'-)"','2(,-<&'Q%-'!#66+34R' =*320"?-*.'-*#%*0*52)6#*)"*5'88,9* X&N"B'+&"D!'!#66)!&'"(,"','(#//%2,-&'$&!"/)3!'!)0&').'"(&'!#<,/'2/)6'%-'"(&'!)#"(&/-'`H4'F(%!'*%++'$/%;&' #6'"(&'6/%2&').'!#<,/B'0,1%-<'%"'0)/&'&N6&-!%;&'")'0,1&'%2&'2/&,0'2)-&!',!'*&++4'

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b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
"#$"&$""!"""&#(#!#!#", "#$"#("&, $"#"!""(!"+ 3, 4, 5, 6,

("%!"$#!"&#!") (!"!"!("!"!"##!") (!$#(#'"(!"#!##!") ##%!##!#!!&#*"#!"1&#2* (#)

"#!$"" ! ""$!(0&&0,

3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

'#$!

"$! #"

0

"$!"#&#"#+ 3, ## %!(#(, 4, ## #(-"$#$#""!%", ()$"!#("&*$"# $'#$!,.!%!($(!#! $"#"!,/ 1$!32$"#!#"#"+ 0

0

!#"!#!"!$#1$#"2+ o $"""!!#!**#, o !"$(!!!**#,!&"*!#*!# $ , !#"!""!%"1$#$#"2+ o !""""!%",!!%$ $" , o $""$(""!%",

0

! !"!" )"$ ")" !" + " %%& # '!!"#")#"%"#""!! !#""" "'!%) #!"#&"# +

!" "$#!! $! #%"#" '$ "+

!# !!" !" "$#)"#" !+ -#," ! !+.!"!"%!#! )"" " #"!"%!#"+

/ ""$"!!# )#!% ) ,"" #""+

"!"$""%"!")" !" !$+

" " ! )%!#!' " " + "!&) !

)!"!#!!#" #'"" + " !

)!"!!"#!'#! + "$#" "!"$#"" ")'"$#" !#"$##"+

!# !))")"+ $!# #"!) )"+

'#!%' #!+ #'% )""" #"!"+#'#! )""!"" #""+

#"!!! $! #" + % !" * #"! + "(% !*!!"#" +

1

$" *1+ $ '

& %!%! % #'

Y = C + I + G + NX

$ & ) ) )

* % +' *+'

!* +'

!$ " !& ) ) )

* +'

* % +' !* $+'

$!% "$ $ !' !$ !& ) ) )

-2.%... 0..3% !$ $ % !$-2.%...0..3' % 0./.% $-2.%... ! $-2.%...% (!$' ' $ *0..3+% $ *0./.+'

! (

'

! & ) )

!$ % % !'

!"'

; %# #$ '#%$&#$%$-$ $&#%*!*%$-# # % &% /

%)! #%$"&. 2 2

)! #%$.!&#$$ $%*45!# & $* ##$/

&$! #%$.!&#$$ # $* &$ $#$/

*#)! #%$& , 2

2

2

&!! $%% $$7988 #!$% #%$#(*$/ o !%&*-((%% &%$7988 -$% $ #*#/ o - $$%%(%%$-%7988 )! #%$%% / &%$&!! $%%* &$!7988-888 ( #$/ o !%&*-(( &(%% &%$7988-888 -$% $#*##/ o - $$%%(%%$. $&!% #$$*7988-888-7988-888% / &%! #%$#$-$&%#%7988-888# %)! #%$$ # / %- $%&/ (* %%$$$% (#% &%%% &%%%* $%* #%-$!#% &%% %#&% $ )! #%$! #%$.

Y =C+ I +G+ X M 9$ ($%# ( % %$ &# # ! %$ #%:88
(%1$$(%!!$% %$ ! %$(0 2

2

2 2

#!*$ &798% (%(/ o $&!% #$$*798/ o #$$*798/ ###$ &3 ( ($%( ##+ o $&!% $*798/ o $*798/ %#&*$798 &#/ o $ %-$%$$% &#$%#% &*798 &#% $% / o #$$*798-$%$$ &#$ / o $&!% #$$*798/

/

1 *

*

* *

*

*

*

*

" ,/1'---$'"!! ) o "! &,/1'---) o &,/1'---) " ,/1'---$'"!) o "! &,/1'---) o !%! &,/1'---) o ") " ,.-'---" ) o ") ! "!" ,.--$! !") o !%! &,.--) o &,.--) ! " $!&,.--) o # !! &,.--) o &,.--) ! "& ,.-$!"!"!) o # !! &,.-) o !%! &,.-) o ") !! "& ,1--!&"!'"!"! ) o #!" &,1--) o &,1--) !! " !! $&$!,01'--- &) o #!" &,01'---) o &,01'---)

&!!%!'!!( .) & " # ' /) # ! ) $!&"! !!!#"# # '! " ! !$! # '$$!!! !! !' !! ' ) ! !'&#"! # "! &! !!#" !! !)!#" ! # "! &! !!#! &) "% /" !! ! !!!$ )

6 #!"#$#"

GDP Deflator =

Nominal GDP 100 Real GDP

&#-""&#"&, .

.

$##"""!%"!$!")$#!""#(#"+ o !""+ o !""(#"$#+ o #!"#("$+ !"""!%"!")$# $##"!$"#(#"+ o "("$+ o !""+ o #!!""+

!#!"##!!!##'#"# + $!2"&"#%$#!# "1865* . .

!&"%!#*!2007&"$#4#"#"1865%+ !&#"$%+!"&"!!##& $!#!"!&!

+

"$!"#%'#$!#(+

"#&$!!!'#$!#"")!!""!%" "$!&.+ $##-"!!##""$!" #!!"#$* . . . . .

"$!+ !!!#+ $#!&!+ %!# $#(+ $#(#"#!$#'#$!+

&%!)3!%"##"##"""")!!!""(!!#&# #!"$!"&.)$'#($##!(!#"+

#<1) ,$' # (%*)###*!(!'.$9B;1;;;3

#=;;A1) ,$' # (%!-$'*/###*!(!'.$9=B"!!$#3 *))##1#<#'"$#$()# !#"$+) )$()&*')'3 $' #'!!.1)$()$!+#('(#')!.(#)#3 (%)'$*(($#)

$') ("(*'$)$()$!+#3

()%'#)')$##) 3 #,*#'()#$,) ($#()'*)#$,)(+#)1,#')*'#)$) &*()$#2,$,('!!.%"$'1)'*()#$'#!)$#1*)$'$'*/0

<3 $#(*"'' #- 3 $,) ( (*' 3 '$!"(# (*'#)$()$+# 3 !)$'#) =3 $'')#$#$"'!($'))($ #!)$# 3 $!!'*'()'#)$#)(#" 3 #-)$# 3 !# $"#! #)'())(

($"%*).)*'*$$'))()(671+($#$)%')"#)$$'1)$ "(*')$+'!!$()$$$(#('+($*).).%!$#(*"'3

!<!)()@()%(#+$!+#"(*'#) 2 <3 =3 >3 ?3

*'+.$#(*"'()$)'"#)'!+#)4( )$$$(35 $')%'$$$#.'3 $"%*))$()$)( )#.'3 $$((.'#$"%*))$')*''#).'2

CPI =

Cost of the Basket in the Current Year 100 Cost of the Basket in a Base Year

1 3+ #"" !" "" ' ""&"*

Inflation Rate =

CPI in Current Year CPI in Previous Year 100 CPI in Previous Year

& 0!!#!) !"')"""!"#!'"%!+# 0 #!" "! "%"! '"!"+ """)" !#"!" ")"!# "!" !! $!#"'""' +

! $"" "!# "!"$* 0+ #!""#"!+ 1+ " #"%!+ 2+ !# #"'+ !!#!'$' " !!! !!" "" !* , ,

!"!"#""'# !&+ #")")!# !""!#!""#"!!&!$! &!$!+

!!#!""#"!#!""$ !"" # !""" #"!"$(

!% "!#!") "# ""& 0* , , , , ,

)" "! !!"!" """ # !+

!"# "!"# # !&+ #") "')!# ! '"#' # !% "!+ "" #)!"!!!!&!$""&!"#! #""+

" "" #"!"$+

)"" #!"$$$!# !"!"!+ &)%%#'# " $( , , ,

.0//" "" !!" )%"" !+

.4/" "" !" )%"%$ "'!+

!"#" "!"!)!""" #"!" $+

'"'!! $#"'$ "+ , ,

%# !"'!""" "# !"% " ' ! )$"!!" +

" !" " "!#"'+

= 4

'&&!&*& &&&&' $%&&%&*& &!#'&+ .& & &$' &!%&!( 0

+! !%&%(&&&'%!&! &%!&%&$"$!%.& &! $&%! & !($%&&%&&$' $% &!%&!( +!'&:0>"$ & "! &%"$+$0%&%$"!$& &.% !$*".!'$&+ &%&'%& '")$%'&!&+ )+&&%&&!& &! $&0

%'+.& &!$ & !(&!&$.%%!) '$<0 $ .!)($.$%%'%/ 4 4

&!$$&%&"$%!!!% !%&+0 $%& $&%&"$%!!!% !%&+0

!&1%%/)&"" %) &"$! "!$&!!$%%- 4 4 4

$%%0 '&& &!$!% !&0 %&%"$&'$+"!$& &) &"$!"!$&!$%%0

&"" %) &"$!!%&+4"$!'5 (%& &6!!$%%- 4 4

&!$ $%%0 '&& !% !&0

%! !$%'&$ $%%'%/ 4 4 4

&!$%%! &"$%!!!%%'$$ &+"$!'0 $%& %%! &"$%!*%&!!!%0 !$ %$%) &"$%!$ &!!%$$% !$ &$ &$&%0

&1%!&!&#'%&! $!& /&$!$$& !$ &! .)!)%"!$.'& 58@:.:::6 ;A=;!$!$',58<@! 6 <::?- ! %)$&%#'%&! .%$%&/!) +2%&%3!!!%!''&'+ ;A=;-

Number of Baskets Bought by Ruth in 1931 =

$80,000 in 1931 Cost of Each Basket in 1931

!)%.!)')!'&%% '$!%&%(!%& <::?-

1

2007 Cost of the Baskets Bought by Ruth in 1931 = Cost of Each Basket in 2007 Number of Baskets Bought by Ruth in 1931 $80,000 in 1931 = Cost of Each Basket in 2007 Cost of Each Basket in 1931 !# (

2007 Cost of the Baskets Bought by Ruth in 1931 Cost of Each Basket in 2007 100 = Cost of Each Basket in a Base Year 1 Cost of Each Basket in a Base Year $80,000 in 1931 100 Cost of Each Basket in 1931 ! # (

2007 Cost of the Baskets Bought by Ruth in 1931 =

CPI in 2007 $80,000 in 1931 CPI in 1931

! !$(

Value in this Year's Dollars = Value in a Past Year's Dollars

CPI This Year CPI in the Past Year

!! .40.5.2)/ /--35/-3 ' (

Value of Ruth's Salary in 2007 Dollars = $80,000 in 1931 Dollars

207 = $1,089,474 15.2

" ! '!%*$!'!& ! ' $' "*.40.$#,32'---) *" /--3 #$(

Value of Hoover's Salary in 2007 Dollars = $75,000 in 1931 Dollars

207 = $1,021,382 15.2

! '"*$ # ,1--'---/--3 $ )!)

<

$$%&!&'&!&!$$&! +)!$! &$&!!$!' &!$&&%! &! / % !&!(-!'$&+ &%$ *-&&%-'%&($++$%! & "$ & $% & / ! ! &$&%!& %"+ *)%&& $%+$%! & &! $&/' "$!(%! %!& $$$&!% 4 5/

!' &%-! %-'&!!! %- !$&%!$$#'$!$"+ &%& $ &"! &% &-& &$%&$&%! &% (%& &%!$! %'%&%!!$$&!$& &%! &! &!'&$&$'! !% / '""!%-!$*"-&&+!'"!%&79-888 !' &&&"+% &$%&&98A 3 3 3 3

'$&.

+$$! !)-+!')(79-988.+!'$!$ 79-888"'%7988 &$%&/ '&&0%%+&&& &! $&!($& *&+$%;A/ !'(98A!$!$%-'&&!%!$%'+;A%%/ !'$1$2$&'$ %&'+98A3;AB=A/

&%*"-& -&&%-& &$%&$&%&%'%'+$"!$&)&!'& !$$& !$ &! -%98A/ '&& -!$$&!$&&%! &! -%=A/ $.

Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate Inflation Rate !&&&&$ &$%&$& ( &(.& ! &$%&$&! +!'$ !' & %98A-'&& &! $&&'$ %!'&&!9:A-&$ &$%&$&%98A39:AB3:A/

!%&$#' &+-"$%$%!($&-%!&&& &! $&%"!%&(/'&%!&%-% & ! !+'$ &$&"$%%! !&9>;8% " '$ &%&-"$%&'+ !($&-%!&&& &! $&% &(/%$"$!%! %!""!%&! &! / %$.& ! &$%&$&!$&$ &$%&$&, 3 3

$ &! -& ! &$%&$&%$& &$ &$%&$&% &('! !$%% !($&/ $&! -&$ &$%&$&%$& & ! &$%&$&% &('! !$%%$% !($&/

* )

" $ $

(-+'! # # (-,' (--'! # #

" !

! #

"#"#$! % %%%$," ,!## *$!&%% %$##% #

, ! $,!# #.*+

%!'#%"$% %&#*,#"#"#$! $#!( % '# &#%!3"# %. $ &#*$$,&%%"$%%%'## !!&$'#*45*#$, %%'# ! %%!*,%% !%32$% %&#*,$!#% $' %$$ #$%($ %&#*!,%% !%31% %&#*.*+

$!$%$ !& %#$,$&$ "!#,!&% !#, ( ,#"#"#$! $ #!( % '##%!7"# % # %$.$"$%%'## !!&$ '#*% *#$.%%##!%#!& %#$,$"* #,(#"#"#$! $ !%#!( %.*+

%$ !)#%! %!$*%%%$$$&$,)"!# %$"%#,#$!!%!$%"!#% % !! !$.

2. ! !#!(%#!& %!# 3. #!&%'%*- %$! %# %$ . *#!&%'%*$! "!#% % . !(#!&%'%*$%# . *$"% . & "% .

%&#$!&#$ '. !! !( . #%#!&%! & %! 4. ! !#!(% &!*

2$!($%! #"#"#$! 24!& %#$#!& %(!#- 2. "#"#$! '#$(*#!!& %#*%!!& %#*- . !"#"#$! %$ !(!&%6%$%% 23%$%%

. . '# ! %!*$$$% '# ! 2871. 3. %,#"#"#$! $#!( % '# &#%!2.84;$ 2871.

9 :1 $"2'& $&$&'#"'&#+(("*&"") &(#91=?70 1 "8>?7/*&"#!"$"+''! &(#*&"#!",#" &"("1 1 #-/*&"#!"$"''! &(#*&"#!"&!"-"( "( "#!1

#"#!'(''()-"$&#)(#""&#+(#(" (#'(&(-(""#)(#"'#"&)'#/ ' #&'(&"#"'&(' "1 *&-("&)'##"')!'/!)'($&#)!' 1 ((&!"'&)'#2''("&# *". ' /(%)"((-###'"'&*' $&#)-)"(# #&"$)(1 #&(#"#!-/()&)# #&(('('# ('("#()'(#"#+!"-+#&&'& !$ #-/)( '##"#+!"-#)&'#(#'+#&&'() -'$"'#"(#1&#&/( "#!$)($&#)(*(-'#)($)($&#)&#+#&1 #&#)&$)&$#''/#+*&/+"$)(("'*"!#&'!$ -0$&#)(*(-!')&'#)($)($& +#&&1 ''!'#*#)'4(# '(&) !#'(-"(#"4+"(""#)(&)'#/)(( '## ' (&)+"(""#)(4"#!#&,$"()&4$&$&'#""& 3+#& #"#!-1

((&!"'#+!"-'&)'#('. '$&#)(*(-0#+!"-'('1 )(+((&!"''$&#)(*(-. 81 91 :1 ;1

#+!"-'"$# '#'*. #+!)(&"""'"#'*. #+$ "() '(')$$ -#'"&'' ". #+(*'""*"(""+("%)'#&("!#&'.

"/(''$&"$ ',("(#& 3+#& #"#!'1 &)'#('!#&''!#&'"$# '1 #&&'&!#&$&#)(*+"(-*!#&(## '1

- ) * % " " % % $ % % ## ! % " % " # ' ( ## % " % "$# # # % $ +% $% ,% $% " % # #

% % "& " %

$ +% $" " # %

/ .' $& $! " % # ! ' " $ !' " $ % $& + + +

"$( """' ! "( $ "' ) "#% " #'*

!$, "-' ' ' $' !" '

!$, "-' $ "' "' "' "'

!$ $

' 0 $ 0 $ , "- 0$ 0 0 0 " ! 0,-

3

"! " !!!"! !!( ! !! $ !! "!"!+ ! ! "!!! !!$%(!"! "!%! )" ! !" "!"!( !! 04-0 0 0 0. &(! ! !!"!"!( !! 14-1 1 1 1.

(&"* 4- . $ !%4 ! !"!!$! 4-/ .

!"!" ! !! !!! $$$ " *!! "!#!&-"!"!$. !&* /+ 0+ 1+ 2+

& !$ "!$ !" " $

$+

"!"! ! !! !" " $("!! !$ " ($!! "!#!&+

! #! !" !*"!#!&,#$!!"!&( #!!!" " "!!&!' &("!# !& " ! !* , , ,

$!! !!$ "! ! # ",!+ !" " !!#!("! #! ! ##!+ $" !! "! !&(! ! ! !!" " " !!!$ " &( " ! !#&+

0

" ! " % % "& % -) % ) .) ! ) /) #)

% ! ! ' !! " ) ! ! " " ! %) .0 # " " )

! %#% $ ! ! ! % ! ) !! % ! !! ! !' ! !-) ! ! " ! ! " % ! " ) ! " ' "% ' !! ! )

' #! # % ! ) +! " ! % +# )

! %* ! %" ( -) !# " %# %) .) !#% ! ! !% ) " ! %' %$ !)! %!% #! "' #* #) ! " ! ! ! " ! )

5

'!")#"##" !! #"$"'+ #"!'!")#"##"!!"*%!"#"! "!)"' "%!"""'# '% !"+ '!"!$""#"!$ """'!"#! !"$ + ""&" "'!"""" !,!"!$"%'!" !+ #"% !#%"%"" %'! #! ! $!) !!""!""%""!$"$ '+ ! "! !)$ "! $'$$#"+

"##"!!""!!"%"#")"!$ !$ """% !+ !" " #!"" $#" ""#"! #"30 "" %" ! ""%15701760+# """)"$ " " " !'24 """"$ !'3+4!+

'!""'!#"##"! * -

'!"*!#!!!$ "'"$ '!""#"# + #"*""! %!"'"$ #""#"# +

"%'""!" " " -!)"'"!!# """'% "'"#"# "!"',!! !+ ! # !!""#!'!""" !"! )""!)""' "& !#" "'$ " !# !"""'%+

" ! #"$"''* 1+ %#" '"!(!""" #!""'+ 2+ %#" '" " "+

! $"!" !!"!""%)" #"$"'+

#"##") ! $""$"!'!"$&" "!% !,!!$ !#!'" " "$"!+

< "$#"#*$$%$$$ #$$%$$ "&"#" "$#$#$#$#, "&"$### #""%$,

%"!%$" "%$&$( 0=26 3 "&&"$"$ "%$%$*#%#$#$$ %$"'$2"# $%"'""#3*"# "%$&$((+ 6, .%$/$#$# (#% $, 7, $"$$%""#%"#$$, $$"*"## %$($ ""##"" *#$"" " "%$#&"&$, $#$#.'#%$/$) *$-#"$#("#%"*%$&$%#"#$#% "$$. $%#/2$" "$##$#"$ $%#*6;::16<893&'$$ %$"'$'%$$( $'# " &"$(,

%"!%$ =26 3 #%#$#$$ "%$&$( "&$#$"% #$$'"$"%#&"#, &&#$$ $1% $ &#$$"" "$"

%$ $%$"$

" "$("$# $#$$(

#"& $

%$"(#&#""$$#*""#%"#"&"&#$$ $*" $"##$(-# "%$&$(*"#&#$"##$%"$", %$'$$$%$"(*$(& $$*# ''$$#&#$" "$%$%"*'$"#''$$""'$&#$$# (# $, '"#&"#&#$"#"$) ##$#$##$$%$#$($$ $$ "-# #&#'$$" "#-#&#$$, # $"+ ., #"#$&"$(#$$%$#$$% $#(#$$ $(, /, #"#$"$# $'$#(#$$#(" &"#+#&&#$$, 0, & #$$#"#'$$"#$"$%#$###$!%$$" #% (%#$#(#$%##$#$#''&"%# &"$ #$$$"#$"$*#&*&#$$,

., #$$%$#$ ( , "$# , "$ ,

$ "$ , $""# , # ,

%$%%# /, &&#$$$$%$# 0, "$" %# , % (" %# , % #$ "$" %#

# ##$$(",

/ %( % "!" #( "!%!# $ %# !# ( #!# $ %#" % !# ( ! !' .( ( /( (

! !#"!%! #( & # " % ( # %' .( ( /( ( # ( %%' .( &# ! # ( /( #%! ! %( $' %!,.---# ! % /-0-14 ( #! % ,1-%! /-0-& # % ,.--- !( ' .( ) ! !(" %# & " ! 0-%( %%& % & " # ( /( ) % ##! % *%( & # % ( %%&# !% " % # !% '#"

4 " !" ""!"" " !* (!!#'' !' "!('"!" "!" !"* 4* !! " " " !"'"!* (!!#' !""$ "!('" !"""!&" " "&*#! "!"&$"(#!#!#''% " !" "!"!!!#' $" "! $" $ "* ! """" !"!" "% ! ! " "!""" !* '!#"!"! "!! ""!!" !* &) "!!#!2(111(111! !!"("! !"!" 2,2(111(111"#!!!* " % +!"$%("!!"" !'! (%" !!" !'! * "!$ +!"$%) -

$""#'!"""'!& "" !" "# !" !# (&"" ! #"'* !$""#'!"""!'"! &($" ! "!* $""#'!"!"""!$!(" "! (% !%" ! "!* !$""#'!"!"""!$!(" "! (%%" !% "!*

"#" "!"#'# "" !" "(!" !" """*!!"!# !(""! "!$ !#!!"! $(! !" ! !'" ""'"""" '* ( $ !!" !("% ! #!" $ .$ !" ! 41 "!/" " 0 +!511.$ !" ! 511 "!/ !'%'!"! " ""!*

!""#"!" #%!$ !!#'#! " % !* ( %"$"'" #" !!" "! * %"!" """ !" ' ) 2* !* 3* #"##!*

0 ) .* !

# * /* !$ * #! ! ! &! !!! !!&& ! ! * (!!!&$ # !$! !& ! *! ( ! # $ * "!"" ) .* ! # * /* ! !"&! ! , *

&+! # " !"&! ! ! # ' "!"" $! &# !& ! ( ! & !"!& !!* "!"" $ # !! ! !! &*

!!$!"! ) "!(# !!(#! " (!%! ) 3111 "! )!$& !"(#$!# * !! !!$!! !!$* !! !$!! !!$* $(!+ &!& & &$(& "!(3- 311 (! "! !!&)!" ! & !!"!"!"! ! "(# !( " &!#!* !"! 223

1

(

$ # # % 44

$ #$ ! # % 5 "$ " $ #* #+ & 44 ! 445*44+3*4+ !% 544 54 # " & " # % ( (

(7.$ $ " " & )6.$ $ " &

! % ( ( ( (

-/1 & -2 & -/&1 &

" -/ &

' !' #$ $ $ $ &

% 533 5445-/1424/&15-0&1

1 $ 44334+.0323.%04+/%0 $ 4334+.03.324+0 $ 434+.3.%043+-%0 ( ! ) # %

$ '

' ' '

# ! ! ! ! % &# # # % ! # % ## # ! # ! % ! " # ! "

# # # ! %

! # ! ! % # ! ! % # #! % #.#! % (

# ) ( # )%

4 '# "' ! #) '!0' !%!" !#) %* ! ! !% !)! 0' # ! 37) #! ' ' # # !!"' %' 27& !#!$ !%) ' %#!# #) ! !#! !# ! '! " ! #! ! 37) #! # " !!"' % 47& !% !#!$ ) ' %#!# ")! ! !#! ## ! '! " ! #! ! 37) # %' +" , ! "! ## ". !% !/ "! ## " . !/) ! # '# " !" " " % ( 0) % !" !%!" !& 1) # % !" & 2) !!&

" ! "! "! ! $ " ! & %#! - $ ! "! #!" ") 0) #! !%!" !) 1) ! "#!!% ! %" ' !%!" #! ) 2) ' #!1' !! !!! % !)

! ! " $ '" $ " % !

# %! # ! ) 0) %#! !" !)

3 /) !##!! %" ' !"#! ) 0) '#!0' !! !!! % !)

! #" $ $"!) " #%!) ! " ! ' !! " ' ) ! !!! +%,$ " ) " *$ %! $"!' " ) ! " ! # ! '! ! $ ' #!! ) .) " " "!!") " * ! # ' ! "' !%!" !) /) !%!" '# !!%! % " ) 0) '#!1' !! !!! % !) !! '#!%##!%# ! ) ! " !" # )

!2# ! " ! '$ ) %' "" !#'# " ! %) ! #' " !! !! %# ) $ (" * $ ! .43."## ! &)

##( .) ! %# " # " )

*% )$"##$"',# $"#$"$#) #"'% )$##%"*"$$$##%"$##%*')% )$ #$##$"$$"%$$), $*"#$*$$$"#% )$&%"""$#, "$)"$#"#*#$##$%#$'$'$) #% )$+ 3, #$"$% )$$$$)( "# &%""$#*$$#*&'$)#$"##, 4, ""#$$$% )$$$%"#%""###, $"$&)*'$%$$$%""$% )$#$)-#."%"$ % )$)% )$#$#"$"."%%$%$#"%$$%""$, # $"%##)$$"$#$$%""$% )$*& )##)% )$"$", "$%"*$ $"$%#)#"%"$) # $"#"#$##"$#$$#$#%#$( $)-#$%""$ % )$+#"*%.''#*%#*)'#,

3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

$) )$ "

%. '# # )#

$% )$$ )"##$))$%"% " $$#$# / 0*'# "$$ "$$ ", $*$ #$#$"#%"&)%$82*222%##$ , #"# ##$#%"&)!%#$#*$ %$#%$38&"$$" $"#+

/ .% % ! !#( (# # ! % /% % ! ! # #

1# ! % 0% % ! !$ # # % . /--4 % #! ! $

Labor Force = Number of Employed + Number of Unemployed ! #

Unemployment Rate =

Number of Unemployed 100 Labor Force

#

Labor Force Participation Rate =

Labor Force 100 Adult Population

&. /--4$ ( ( ( ( ( (

! 7.13%-% ! 74%.% 745%4% 7.13%-64%.7.20%.% ! 74%.'.20%. .--71%3 % 7).13%-64%.*').13%-64%.645%4*7.20%.'/0.%5733 %

.! /--4%0 % & " & " /! ( # # #

2 %

0 """!%# /)" !!#"%!""!""# " #'""1+. "+ $# "!)" !!#'"" '+"!"!"# "#'""""" !! "!" !"&+

!"#" "!# "#'" ""!" %!#' $ !#!%!#"" * #!'% !!! )!" "! %+"!" "#'" "(" !!)!"# #'% !!#%" !"'!"!+ #"!#!""" %)""! !! *!%%# "% #"!$# + '"" !!""! ' !#!"!"'!"!,"" +" %')"# #'"% !!%)%" !%!%)"""!" !" "#'"+ '" ')%"!"'!" "!""" )!""!# % !" "! " ( %"# #'% ! !!)%" !"! )"""!" !"#'" "+ !"#'" ","%'!# "' "%" "! $ " "+ " !""! "!""# "#'"!!*!"!!#'" ! ")$"#!"#'"! $"'$""!" + %""!"!" #(!&!%!%* -

#!""11' #'+ %) !!!! )#"!%""""%+ #"" % !!" !"""' !"'#'" " #' +

1/#"11#'"!!!"'%+ #")"'$"")" #""# #'% !!!""!"! #' +

"&!""# "#'"(" % !)%' " #'% ! $# "!( -

&"!""""!" % !"!"" !"-!#" "+ ! "'#'"!"

+

+ * *

# "$ $!$ "" ($ $

(

$ % "( $ !$"" (

$"" ! ( # "$ " $ $' * *

" " $( $"& "( $ $(

$%%$# "%" $"( % $ (

$! %$ $ " $ ( "!%! * $(

%! $")" $ $( *" % $ * !"

( ! $% $ $ " (

+ " $ " "( $ $ % """ " " % "" ! #! ( $ $ "*" "% $ ( + $ " ! " " $ " $(

4

" "$!" ' ' " *" + ' % ' %" " * 053/ 054/' "" %*"' $ 01* " ! ' " ! $0/1/* ! " $ " ") . .

' ' " * " '"" *

" " ! '$

# $ $ " !! $ * " , ! -" " "! ' ! "+! ' $" $ $!" $" ! " " !$& $ $! $" $ ! " &$" " !$& 0* * "" !* $! ' $ ! * 1* *+$ ""(+ + $ #"* $ $" $ "* 2* * " ! "" * $"" $ " + " "' !"#"*!$' $ " ' !!$ * 3*

* +" $ $ $ " '$ " "" *'$" $"+ "'$"" # *

6 1714&$".5 $& "" $ ( ! ( " * !"! (+

" $ $ & $ # & &, $ ! ! (

# " ' # # ( &) ' 1( ! " ( $% $ $ $ $% 2( ! " ( $%

$ $$ $% 3( ! $" ! 1750( $% $ $$ $% 4( " ( $% $ $$ $%

"!')%#$"&!! $!" # +

%" " ! *!#!!#" # !/0'# "%"%"'# " " !/0'# " " "%"%"'#$+

'$ !"! )!$ '%""& !! $!+ #"%&"'!'(" "!#"!(%!"$ "" "!#' '(%" !'"'!#' !!(

!#!"! "#!"!" +

&"" %"" "!"!#''"!" ' $ !+

2+ 3+ 4+ 5+ 6+ 7+

'

! $ '!" !" ' #'

,! ! " '"

#!" !!

"!%!')-"!!"'+.#"%""' '!"""! !" + !"!#!"" -'. !!!)" ""!"!!"!""#! # '"#'!! $! " +

2+ '! )""!)"""#' !$"! !& !! $!+ 3+ '! )""!)"#"!% ! !# + 4+ '! )""!)"""#!" '%" " !"""#"# +

6 & !$!!!& !! )! $!$ ! #!!!&+ "%* . . .

&!(& ! !" !* ! !!& &!"& * &&" ! * " (#"! (!" !!!! * & "*

!!!! !!$! ! !!!.*& ! !" !("! "& !&! !* "("!&! !* !.$ !!!"& $ !& "&!!& $*

!&( # &* !&&(!!! !!& $!! #"( *

##"("!!!#" ! !! #"! ! # *&$!"!! #" ( ! " &" #!*

!!!"!!&&"!!&* " $$!! "!& !! *! ! $"$"" "' 5* !&(! ! !"* 6* & $* !#! ! !! " ! &$!* 7* & * $+!!" ! $! # ! ("!!& !$!$!" &!* 8* & ( $!.$!# * 9* & 0 1*(!" +! $!$$!"!!&%"!!("!!!"!!! ! !/!! %! / ! ! (!(&"* #!&(!$!!" !!&."!*! (! # " ! & !* $! !$&" ) .

.

*" &! ! !!&" "%)"&( ! (!#+ (,! ! -$ !! ! !. ! * *" #&!5(" !&" ! ) # ! (&! "!"" ( 0"3544(4441! ! *

"5 $ !566448* " '&'

B (#)(&(&'0&(&'& & -)'(#!$)&''4-&"5((-" )" @0&'#"'((&(&'&!"'#& $-!"(''#$$#'(# $-!"('4(("#(!#"(1+"-#)$--#)&&(& +(1-#)&)'"( !)!#"(#" -$-#&+(-#)$)&'& &4 )(+ &(& "'&"#(" )"@1(- & -" )"( * #@4#& &(&')'!+'$&1$#$ (## #(!#&)&&"-4 &5'#"#(&$).. 4 9 9 9 9 9

"A??E('(##)&&"-"&) (#"+'>EDF #"4 "A??E1(&+&ABA! #") ('"(4 >EDF #"8ABA! #"$#$ G>B1AEA$&$&'#"/ #(#(')&&"-' #*&''1''(#&#* )"#)"(&'+()"'( $# ( #& #"#!'-'(!'4 "#)( -1'#!#(')&&"-' '# -&) &'"#(&&!" '4

;<'( #(3("'(()(#"&'$#"' #&#*&'"( ""'-'(!"&) ("(%)"((-#!#"-"(#"#!-4 & '&*-'(!#"''('#3 9

9

#&##*&"#&'"'"(#" o *"#&!&'1 6#*&"#&'17+(@C9-&(&!'4 o " )"(&$&'#"#(& '&*-'(!3#&!& - "&"'$"" "#+"&""4 + *& '&*"' o #("!#&('1" )"#'(#"" +#&4

'"(& "1('(+##'3 @4 (&) ('"'1'''('"$&#''"; &"<1"(''"#&"':(" (&$#'('"1+"#(&'#)&'#&(&-)$1!" #"'(#"'4 "(' '(&# 1 (''(#( 4 A4 (&) ('(3(%)"((-#!#"-"(#"#!-4('1(#")(' 4 !#"(&-$# -!"#!!((((' ( ; <4 !('*&-',+'"#"''('#('*"#*&"#&'$ )'(@A'&*" &'"('4 '*"#*&"#&'*#(#"#!!(('#"'2&#(("&#)$#D'&*" &'"('*#('+ 1+((&'"(#( +#& +-'*#("!!&4

5 #"&"'%!" #""!#'')'#" * ""!*'#'! $ "!,!'!+ . .

!!"'!#''#!%'. "'"#' $ " !' $"$!" !, !!"'!#''! $ "!" $"$!" !,

#!$" %!"!# '* 4*#!"# '!"!* !'' *"" %""*"'!#' !!,#"%&"'! """! !!)

" "'! '%"#"!*% '!!"!# ', #! !"'"""""#""'# ' #"!2433,

%!#!""!!#+"" !" ", #"!"!*"!!!"!# -!'+""!!"!* !"# '"!$#"#""!" " !! "# ' % "! !"! , !"!""" $!#"!"#" , "!! %"#"!! * "$#! !""433 " !"! ! ! $!, #!

/!!"0*"!%%"!"" 2433 # ' #"!!""+ ! $!2433

!"!2433

"!"" 4'!#'! !#""!" !") . . .

"( # ' #"!'2433, #"!"! !'2433,

! !"&#!" "!""'%"433. ". ! $*!" #"'!#',

4

$ " !!! ! !!!!!!!, ! !&&#&+!) !" ! !!!#!& !+ )# " ! !&)!" ! & !#+ ! !&) # ! + ! " ! )#"! ! & && !#"! + $$) !&! !+ ! !! !!#"! ! !!+ & ! !!" !! !)"!!!!! &$ $!!"&! " "!! "" +$!! ! !, &"!)!! !! !! # ( $$" ! & !)$ &!! " !&# ! # + " !! ! !! # + !" $!!" "!)!! !)!&$$& ! ! # * -

!&" !&"!&$+ ! " #!!! " !!+ # ! ! &! "! + "! $ #$! &"!$! ! , " ! $!$ +

!, " !! !! #!32!+ ! 132.32 !/! ! # ! !"!+ -"!$

# 132 152

! 1322

!, !!& "& "!! ! !( -

! ' ! !1322 ! + "!$!$#! 152"&+ !!& "& 1352+

%" !! !!! # & !) !&+

7 !)$#)!!$!& "& "" ! ! !),! &$!* -

! #1544 ! )" ! + $ #1:4"&)"!$!&$!!1:4!!+!! "!!+

!$&!!"!! !!,!$!)"!!&"+

&$!! # & !)$#)!! !& !!! ! %+ $! !!, $ 1:4"&+ "&)!!$$!! " !"& !* "!# !!+ "!!! ! ! !1:4+!, " !! !! !!"&) ! ! *!!+ !! 54! #!)!$!!1:4"&) 1:.54!/ # )!195"!+! -"!

# 1: 195

! 1:4

! ! !!& "&( -

!!, " ! #1544 ! + !, " ! #1:4 ! + !, $ 195"&+ $!& "& 1544;:4;95<1685'

"!$!!, $" !195"&!"& !+ ! !195 ! ! "!!! !+ !)! 54! #!) 19+54.54!/!195 # ) !186+:4"!+! -"!

# 19+54 186+:4

! 195

8 *##!% , , , , ,

* 1433(

* 1:3(

* 194(

*! 185(:3#( !##1676(:3(

& ( *!#& &!43 )( & ## ( # ! ( # ! #! ! # #1433 &##14333( & - # # -14333+1433;43( " &! & # %$ & ; 4+;# " ;3(4343&#4+;4+3(43;43(

!# & ' ; + ;.4+/" " & # #& # #;;.4+/"

3 "!$!!!&"! &"!4& "&, # 41, ! !"! # !$!! "! !!"!!" %) 1* #! #!* 2* " ! !& ! *

! $! ! "! #!( &" ! # ' -

&"! $(" $ # (!& ( ! !&% "!*

! $! "! #!( &" ! "& $ ! ' -

(!&"! $(" $ "&(!& ! (! !&% "!*

"!( !! ! # ( +! !& "&(!! # & !$ !&&!& "& * " !! +!"!$!&& *

!! "$!"& #! ! #!# ! *

!"& #! ($&-! "& ! & "&&/1*"!$&-! ! !& "&& #(" !&"!* $! #! (! & !$!"&(!& "& &/1*"!! & !" " !(!& "& &#( ! "! !!$ # * !! &!!%"!* ! !! # $!! !!! #!!*!! !" !! !!"! #"# ! * !! " !!& "&& "! *

&

" $ % #

%

# $

# " # # " #

# # " % # " # " # " " " # #

" #

# # # "" " #

$ " " "

"

!

0/ "##!"#!###"!#!"!#.#!"!"!%"* !!$",

$"#*!%$"'*&#!$#&&!."$!%!$"# '"&*&#!$#&&!."$!%!!$"# #!!#, !0*#! "!%"#"#!# !!"!%"*$#"!#!#"" "###"#!#+ . . .

.

#""*#"$'$!%!!"!%""%!#*! , !#!#!"#!"&##!$"!##, #!$"!#&!&*#!"!$"&$ !#!##"$',&!!""$!#!$"!#&$!"$#*$##$" !#!""#, #!$"!#&!%*#!"!$"&$ "!##"$',&&!!""$!#!$"!#&$!"$#*$## $"!#"#,

!0$"#!#"#&!"#!''"&-%%"#"!, #!#%'*#$*&$##! "!%""###!#!#!$" !#+ . .

#""#$#*$"#!#!1*#"$'$!%!!"!%""!(#*! , ! "!%$"#$#!#!#""###""$' !"!%",

!!"01"$"#"###!-"##$!#&#"#&#!' '"#!#"+ 0, ###!# !!"!%"*## $!$$"!#, 1, ###!#!#$"!#*"$' !"!%"#####!#, #!&'*#$#"#"+!"!%"! #!$"!#", $##"&&&#$!%!!"!%"#"#, '##$!%!!"!%""#) . .

!""-!#$#"*"###'&##!!!"!"#" !"!%"#'%#!"#!#, !""#!"-%!"*"###'!%"&#!!""$!!'# "!"!%",

& $

&! % "

&

&

"

$ " $ #

$

$

.. 0' !' !!( ' (

!!" ' $ $ !" ! $ ( 1' ' !!(

$! ( ' $' % !( ' ! $$ $ !(

"$ !$ " $ ( $ ' $

' " "! $ % !!( $' ' $" $'" !& .( ! !! '# ( '

! !, $" #!! $ $ $( /( ! $ " ! "' ! $,"( $' 2 " " ( ' ! $' $'" $!( $ '$ $" ( $$ *+*!(+ $ $' 3" "" ' ! $(' $ '$ $ " # ( $$ *+* !(+

" "!' '$ ' $ $ " # '! ) '" (

"

$"" " **

# "# #("" " %# &)

"&"# #

"" " *

"# #

# *

" & #

# ( # # ! #$$)

#

# *

#&#$ $

* ** %### !! $

#$ $

# ! & $

! ! $ ! !)!$ ! $ !" ! % ! ' !* !'' +"!*,

$ !

&$ ! !-- $ ! !- $'$% %

$% %

--

-

&$$ $"" %

$"!'

%

!& ! $ ! !)!$ ! $ !" ! % !! ' !* !'' + *,

$ !

$ ! !- &$ ! !--

$% %

$'$% %

-

--

&$$ $"" %

$"!'

%

12

!!!! # & !' ! !!!!$!$!&! '!$!" # ! ! &!( ' ! " !$!$!" '!$!!! $ "!( !"&"!! !1430 ( & ! "!" $!$!! ! &!$!$" ! ( $&!!!!! % !!!" ! ' & "&(!&"!!!! & "&'$& ! ! #( &'! ! "!"! ! !& ! ! ( ! "&!!" $( !!'"! !! '#! #& !" !! "!!! !!"! !!$!' !!& ' ( " !$!!! !!"! '!) % !!" $!$$&"!!$ ! # & !(

" !!! ! ! ( !$ "&/10$&- " !,"!&'!" ! " !"&" ' "!'#" *! ! (+ ! ! /10

)"!&/10

" !!! /100 ! ' /10 # ' !/40"!( # /10 /40 ! ! /10

! /100

)"!&/10

78

&"$"###!"# #'!"$'#5:6"#$#&- #("576#"%$##!&#!&! $"#"+#.#!$#"""!##- ""/ $0$#"#/"%#-0#"""#"###$$"#"#"(#""#!"+$##.# %!##"""#"#$!!( $($- ##* 1 1

!!&!"!%"!#!#!$"!#- "/"#!"!#+0!!&(!#-

#"#&#"#5:!"!%"+#"#!!&59:- "!%"5: "5;6 #!""#"576

"#"5:6 !!&59:

!!". $#(576

(##!"# #'!#""#$#&* ($"#(,$"#(+!$!#."$"#!"&##!( #"(-#""+#$+#"!("#!$##"#!"'! $'#"#&+"#!"# #."$"#!"$"#$"#(&#!&# $(#"#"!"#"##$"###(!%"!"$#-#""+#!!+# !%#"#&!"!%"##!"# #-#"'#(# $!"#!$"!#+##"("#&#$'#"#$#&" &"##%%$"- $#(+"#+#!"!$,"#!"+!)###!"#$"#." %$#+$!$"#&#!&#!"%"-#""#$"##"+$##( "#+&"##!"!%"#!$"!#-#"" #!"# #+##!&###!"+&#!!&!#.""$# &&"#-#"#'#(#$!"#"$#&&,#&###" /!"#!"!#-0 (+#!"#"$!!!#23"$!""#"#"- "#!" &##%#"!$+#(&.#"#!(-""!$"""( #!"# "+##!+#.""$#&&"$!&!#!%#"-

56

&!" ! & !!!$! !!&! !* / / /

! #+ ! 0! 1!!&)!#& !/!!+ ! !!!!!+

!!! !!& $" ! # $!#& !/!!"!/! ! + &$# "! !# !!, "!$$ "+ !!! )! %!!! !!"! ) " %!!&!"!"" )!#!"! #!! !/!! "+

$!, !!* # 354 384

! ! 354

! 3544 ,"!&354

" $!!374!, *!$ "!,!&+ $!" !$!!#"! * # 354 364

! ! 354

! 3544 ,"!&/364

#! ! ! ! )!!&$!!)!")$ !! ! + , "!& $"!)!&)! - #!."!+ !$(

#!&! ! ! """! ! ! ! & ! #!, ! !!+ !&)! $! # !&5884 $ #+

!"" !%&" !-!'.!)$! $+

13 &)! ""! "("$ ""'".30 %',!!# #"'! !(""!"%#"" % !+#"'!") ! $!.40 !.20

" !!"!.10

!"!.100 $"! !+#"'.0 $ "+!#"'.10

#".30%!) ! $!.10 !.50

" !!"!.10

!"!.100 $"! !+#"'.0 $ "+!#"'.10

+!!"%!"!!" " !!(#"%"!%' "$ "*!!" "'!!'%" $ ""%(%! !# '("*"!!%" $ ""%" '#"'!"! "( (" !"" # !!* " !!(" ("!"&!)"%!"#"' !$' !!* !"" !!$$#"' !!" """"' !""#"!(#$!""! " ! " !!# !(% "#!!" "!"" !%"! " ! $!'!"#"("!("$!!" ! "+!!#" %%%" !!* #"" %!!$' !!!#"#!'!%(#!" # !! "'!!""#"!% $ '#'"%#"!" ! $"!!""#"!+! +!#"'*

$$)&,)')- &,*/$'#)&$'+)<=25 *,) %+&*+& - %46 %;@=;2+%"* ' ,+%%%,#*#)0&8?:2:::4,++% %2 %;@=;2% )$&%&*+% "#% $&- + "+&*+(,)+)4 &-)## %)* %+#-#&') *2*$*,)0+ &)+#+&)2 *## 4 #+&,$&*+&%&$ */') %+#*+*&$ %#+ &%$&*+&++ $2 %+;@+%+,)0$%0 &%&$ */') %/+%') &*&## %') *2&) 4%#+ &%$+)+ &% % %+,) %+)** &%&<::?%<::@4 ,)+)2&-))%+*2+)-%. -) + &%* %+ %#+ &%)+*.##3)&$)+* / %>')%+')0) %+;@>:*+&+,))%+)+&&,+<')%+')0)4 % %*&$&,%+) *,) %*&$') &*2/+)$#0 )+*& %#+ &%-%/') %4 % )$%0+)&)#) 2&) %*+%2+') &%.*''))&*)&$:4=$)"* %%,)0;@<; +&>:2:::2:::$)"*#**+%+.&0)*#+)4*' *&*&/+)$#0 %#+ &%)## 4 ,+/+#0.+&%&$ &)*')&, %#+ &%2%#+&-) + &%* %+)+& %#+ &%1 %&%&$ +&)0##+ % +*++/**$&%0)+ &% *+ ,%)#0 %,*& %#+ &%4 %+)*+ %#02+;?+%+,)0&++ *' #&*&')- ,$.*&%& + )*++&&)$,#+-)* &%&+(,%+ +0+&)0&$&%04$&))%+')&'&%%+.* #+&% ) $%4 +)-#&' %+(,%+ +0+&)0&$&%0+&/'# % %#+ &%2+ *'+)&*&%+& %+ 0+ &*+*++ %#+ &%2')+ ,#)#0-)0 )+*& %#+ &%2 $'&*&%+&%&$04

;4 #** #&)0& %#+ &% 4 -#&) *%+#,& &%0 4 &%0,''#02 &%0$%2% &%+)0(, # ) ,$ 4 +*& &%+)0 %!+ &% 4 ) &&"++!,*+$%+)&** 4 #** # &+&$0% &%+)0,+)# +0 4 #& +0%+,%+ +0(,+ &% 4 %#+ &%/ 4 *)+

6 6. $%$ % . &#$ (#+ . %# $%$ . & $%$ . %' ##%* . % 3 &)$% #% $ . &$ ' . #%##*$%#&% $ %

"&%%*% #*$ %% ,&$%%#% & %##*(#%#$ $.

/'#* $#'%%, #)!,# $%$ % #% *%%% 5874$- 3 3 3

$%$&$# $#$ &%%#% *,%%! !#(% !* # #%+ # * %. #*,%#$%!# # %$%% #$' $$ '&, %%%# $' #'&.

$$,%%/$(%%"&%%*% #*$ &%-%'& *$ !! $% % '& $.

%$ #%,% %%!#',$$&#*% #% % #- 9&# #$% !&#$$%

P=

$$#'$

dollars basket of goods

(!%#$ # &-

1 baskets of goods = dollars P 529&# $%/$

$% 0!&#$1 #

$$%"&% %$%%% ,#$,#!#$%$%'& *. %#(*% % &%%$- 3 3

$%0 #!# $1 52$%0 $!# #1

.

! ! & ,' % , !( ( !!$ ( ( (

( ( ( ( (

! ) !) " % ) ,') % ! % ! $ o !# ! % o !,'# %

! # ! % !! # ! ! ! * ! !+% !,' ! !% ! # !# ! % ! # !!# ! % !,' ! # ! %

- !!#! ( (

! !# !!!# # ! !%

! # !,' % # # !! % !

# !!

! %

- !

% !! # !!% (

,' # !!% # ! ! %

9 0 0 0

&$"#'#!(#$(!""!%"-"$""#( !"#!"+#"!(7/#- #!&"##'#!(#-$###&#(# !!&!&&#"#$(!""!%"-+&!"7/&- "!""&#$$##!( $!$"!"#!#!!%-

$##(#!(("!"&"#("$(##!%-$# &#""##!%!"+ +$(#+#!"#!#"* %$"#!!""$"###%!"%##&!$"- 7-

##!"$!$#"(1#!($#"2- 8- ##!"$!$#""1("$#"2- !##"""#+!', 0 0 0 0

"%!$"#"$!"#!%$(."$#$# ""!%"-

"!%!$"#"$!"#%$(."$#$#" "!%"!!#!#+##"+###""#%$(- "%!$"#"$!"#$!!"##!! $!# $!""#""!%"- $(#!#"!%!$"#"$!"#!##!! ##"$(-

"#!#"!#!%!""# - $##(#!(("##"#("$(#%!"- #!( ""#$!#!+"("##"#("$( #!%!"- $."#$#'!#, 0 0 0 0

0

$"###("$($"!4766#4866- %!(("#&"$(+$###(#!$""!%""# - #!"#"$"#"###%!!%"$$+%$#$##! !%!"$- (,"$"#####&"!78"#:"-$ #"%!(#&"#* )%!(&$("(#"#"!+ $##!#&"$!#&$#&"- !(+&#%!#$"#("$(+#(" $##(" !$&$#""!+$#!""$!!"&$#&"-

> '! &&&&&&!$&"$(&!'+'%&&! &! + %'""+/!+-!%&! !%&%$&&&'%& &"$!%%&%&/ '& ' !%&! !%&%&!+%!$&& &! $' -! &$+ '&$&+!%&$'/

!" &$+"$%"&(! &#' &&+&!$+!! +'%! &!& - %&$&&)! + % %-%%'$+& '$!&% !$ &! !+&%%" &'$ +$/ &&+-&(!&+!! +% % A4*51 $%$ -%& &!$-*% ! 3$&& ! %'$%& !$('!*" &'$% &! !+%)!3 %&#' &&+!! +/ *". 2 2 2 2 2 2

'""!%&& ! !+"$!'%! +% !!-",,/ ! !+"$!'%:99",,%"$+$-%!&&A:99/ ",,!%&%7:9-%!&&A:9/ #' &&+!! +%7>9-%!&&A>9/

&-A4*51A4:9*:9951>9A:9991>9A;9/

)!$%-&!&%" %7:9*:99A7:999/'&&! +%7>9/!!$%&! %" &:9991>9A;9&%/

$$ &#'&! &(!&+!! +%&!&%!2 . *A* '$<"!&%&! +%'""+- ! *- (!&+ &% :@?9. 2 2

!&+%$ $&(+%&/ -! 2$' $% % "$+! 2$' $% ! /

&$%!&#' &&+#'&! -&#' &&+&!$+!! + &!%+$&! ! &$+ '&$&+ %&&%. :/ (!&+!! +%$&(+%&!($&/ ;/ '%(!&+%%&- $% &! +%'""+%&! $% ! */
; 9. ,% #&,%#$ # &% &%*#$% "&%%* *$#%%!#'#%#%# &%!&%. :. $ ,(%%##$$% *$&!!*,%#$&%$% . &#9$ ($%' # *$&!!$% #%$&# &#!# $ *!#% . 0 0 0

&#$$,!#'$# $#%*%(% *$&!!$. &#$$,(%)%## (%% *$&!!*,$ % *!#% . *$$ %$)%#$% #$$ $%# $%$/ %"&%%* % #* *.

* $ $)!#*!#% + $%(*$,%$&$% '#%$% #$#'&% $!,&% #! % #$ $ % %%%#'&%# &$%# %)% . ,%&$%!* #% $ $#'$%!&#$$ %(%)$% * %%# &%)$,&%$%&$(*0 #% *. *#% $% % ,% ##$% %#'&%%% '#% #$$%# & *#% . $% #*,*$$ *!#% &#&# #%#(#,(% '#%$ # &%$ #'&% '$ $!,* %'%%*% #$%$ #'&%# &$%# %)% . %*!#% $$ (&#9, #)!, &##%%#% ## .

%#!!% %$$ % *$% %#$%#%$- 0 0

$%%#$%#%$&#(% &% ##% #% . $%%#$%#%$&#%# ##% #% .

# !%#79%%%%*,

%#$% %= %#$%#%1 % % )!- 0 0 0 0

!*$%#$%%%#%
###%$"&% % #

7

" !"";" !"":"" " '#" "'* !" "' %"% !" ""* #"$" " !" "#+ *# " '#" "'* !" "' %"%" " !" "!%! ""+

!"" '#" "'"" !" "!!!!"%""!" $! * " "!!""" !" """ "!" + # 5"!"" """ !" "" '!3962+ """ "!"%$ !$"" * $$ "! "+

'*!"!,!"!$"""!!"' "'+#" %')

'!"#!"'$" !"# !% " + ""! #"!" (!""%"!" !" ! !! $!*"!!" !. ,"/%!!+ .",#!"/%!!!#* "" " '#" "'* #"+

! #"%# "'*!!" '#" "'!+

#""! "$#'"" !!! %"+

#!*%" !!* " "!" #"#"!'"""'* &*'"" " "*#"%" %! #"!"+

!"!"" !!"%""! "! *!" ' !% #"! !!%"" "+ '*# " "!""!# "' $" *!" !"! !-'$" $+ #""!!"!!#!""# !!' "+ ,

# "$' "3985* ! !"# "48*222 "+

3 * *

! -(21 (" ! #' %-. " !( " %' %! %" (

!# ' % ! " !#!( ' ! ! '! ! (

! ! %'! ! #!# # % '# %$ ! !! % ( % '! #! " ' ! ) " " "(! ' " ! ' ! ) "( ! " # "( $ ' # ) % ! % !(

#* % ' $% % (

-! $ # # $% ( * * *

*

* *

#'# & # 3 ( ' 0 (

' ! ' ( & ' 0 '! # 3 ' -. ( ! $ .1 ( o # 0 ' " %-

$( o ! # -. ' " %/ $( & ' ! "/ ( ! # 3 ' !! - (

' " %!# %# 3 (

5

!&" " " !&"!!&( '"! & "& "!# !!! ./ !3 ) !!!'"'$!"&'!$"" #!! #!) %!!&'! ! "!!! !)

" !!&"!"!0-*&!!4!! !'%!!!!!0 !) ! !!!!&"& 1!) "!$ " !!"%!&'!!" "!!.!) $!! !!!!&"& 3!+ &) $ '"! &" ) !!'!!" "!!2!'!! !!&"& &/!) "$'"!! )

%! !! !"! $! $ ) ! !! "!'"!$$$ $ '#&!!!! ! ! !! !"! )

!!&#! !% #&$! !" !) & " ! ! !!#$! $'"!" !$! ") $#'#! !! !'!! !$!!!%# !#! #)# !'"%!'! !& !"! $! $ )

)!)+"##$ " "+"##$!$#$ +&#$ ' '$ )$ !" % " " &"$, %$# )"#+$# "" '$ # $ %",#!" # #"# %! )$" '$)""$&) " '$)" "#&",$%##$## "$-"%%$%$ # $&$)* #!$"#$"$#)!"#$# $# %$# "$-"% %$%$ #$& !# $

$ !(!%"#$$ #$#,

., " )$# %$ %$%$ # /, (! "$- %%$%$ # 0, "$%"& , )$"$%"& !# ''" , )$"$%"& $$ 1, "$%!!)%"& , )$"$%!!)%"&#"$$ % , )$ - %"$%!!)%"& $$ , #"$ - %"$%!!)$ !$ - %" '$ $ , )$"$%!!) !#!'"$ "$ % , )$ "$- %"$%!!)%"& $$ 2, ' %## %$%$ # , $# $"$ , $# $"$%!!)

%$%$ # $&$)" $$ ,%$$#$"## '$ #+#$#%$%$ # $ '"%"!"$!$$",

3

-.!2# '27612763'! '# 27723112*

$" ! " %! %' " ! ! # ) '" '! ' '' * ! "! ! * -.!2# " ' !' ! ! #%*" !" "%! ," ' ! ! ! ! #, !*

%"!

-.!2# !% %!*

#' !% * ! !% " &( ' ! ! ! ! 45 *

# " '# !! %! ' '#!! %* %' %!% "! "* %! %#! !% "' ! ! !% ' % "' *

# " %! % !! !' %!%" ,! * " '"!'" %!% ! ! % !*

!% $ ,! ! ! " %! ,! * ! " #") ,

%+! %! ! '#!% *

0 +

%*"'#!% )

#"" "' ! # " %) !/! ) + +

##+ # ! %" !'' " '! # !% ") !#+

# ! %" ! ")

! # !"'#% %" #!/&

!/!0' !"#' "' ! %")

%* -. ! (! -.' " -.'" !-.' $ -.( 2111 #' * $%" %' ")

% ! '" ' $ "& ! # "!(% # )

"' "! # , ' "! !,) # !' ! %") "%'# "' "! %# ' ! ! %") !

"' "!!*%) '!# ! %%!) %' #)

* " %" " " "! ' !$%"!% ! ($ ' % "$ $ $ '$% "'% %" " " "!' % ! % !& !% ! ' %% ( % " $ ' " ! % "' !!% ! '! ( !%)$!%$" $ ' % % %! ' $" % #! ' ! ' $" % $ ' #' !$%" !% "' ! !%$ $ '% % %! ' $ % #! ' ! $ $" ' # ' % ! %#& !%# '

! !%$" ! $!!' !' " %$" ! $!!' !'

/ "% , "' #! # ' ' %#!! # ' ' "% " ) %! ! # ' % !' ! #%! * ## %+ # # ' % #! !% !

# ' #%(+ ## # ' #!%! # '

! # # ## & % ' " % " # ' "% ' #%!- ##." % " % ' " " ' % % % '

%! " ' " ! '

%! ! #!! % # ! #$ '

/

! ! $ !' $ $

& ( !! !! $ ! $ & ! ! !! (

! ! $ -&

!" ! ( !

$

$

& ! $ & ! $ & ! #! $ % *& ! $ & +& !$ $ " $ & ,& $! & -& & .& &

!" . ! & & ! $ & $ $ !$ ! $ & !! $( $ $ & $ !$ !! & !! $& $

4 "" &

) ""$ " $"$ & $ ) " $)

" $ 3& )) " "

" ! % ) )

! $ & ! $ &

! )) " & $ " "

$ ) ) "

" "& ! " % ) ) )

) ) )

" $ ! 0//$ ! $ " -1/& $

$ 50/2& $ " $ " $ * $ +$' &( " $ & ! "

& " % ! " $

$

&

" " #$

$

& " " $ $ " " &$ ! &

4 ! " $ ! )! %# ! )$ &$! " !! % % /2)35 * + !) % % % &! ! %$) ! !! /2)35! "& % "& !! !$ %)!#* + !) #" !! !%)!! ## !! ! )& !$ %" ! ! " ! ) %#"( " !! !$ %#& ! # * %+/2)35#$") #!%'!! ## # !) !$ %#" ! ! # ! ) ! & %# %& % % ! !&# ! ! ! # ! ! ) % $ !# , ,! !%!" %) $ ! # %#( , , , , , , ,

!& % &"%$ " ! 211) ! & " 6221) & " & " "%21 ) ,!&#"&"! % %" %! ! ) " % !& ##) ! & !$ %"# ! ! " ! ) "%& "!$ & "! %" %! #! ! ) ###) !$ %## ! ! # ! )

! "# - %# & %& - ! & % ! ) % ! ! % & & %! # #% !%!"!# ) % ,! (

8 ' &&+! '&"'&'"";&'$&! '&"'&93&' $ (:*"& $ (4 $% '$&&!($ %&*& &&!)&'!'&"'&$%"! %&!' *"& % &"$(0 !&&&&%%#'&! 2 !&&$&!$%2%!"&'$%&&& &! $' .&$*"&&! %(%&&!$! ,&' % &"$(.&! 1$' $&%'""+'$(%($&0

#'&! $!!(%!!)%'%&! &+&!$%&&)%&&%!$&1$' $&%'""+ '$(/ 50 +& &&%&%& &'$$&!!'&"'&3 &! 1$' $&%'""+'$(40 60 % &*"&"$(0 #'&! &%&& $% &*"&"$('%%&#' &&+!!'&"'& %'""& +( &'"$(&!$%0!)- ! %$& %)$( +%&+)&!$+/ 1 1 1 1 1

&*"&"$( $%%.$%)%&$)%&!!" %&)!$$%!$& $!%&!( 0 '&.&&'"$(%! %& &.&% %$$)%0 $%)$)$)!$$%. "$!'%%!'&"'&.&&( "$(0 %!$&1$' $&%'""+'$(%&%&!&&0 ! ($%+.&*"&"$(%.$%)&!%&!)$)%.$!$ )!$$%. "$!'!$!'&"'&.& +( "$(0%!$&1$' $&%'""+ '$(%&%&!&$&0

+!'(& %)$%%&+)!'"$!(+&%&+"$ %"$"&! %&!$%-

'$7"&% &! !+ &%! 1$' #'$'/ 1 1

$& &$%&%)&! 1$' $&%'""+.&$ !'&"'& &"$ (0 '&$.&%!$&1$' $&%'""+"%%%&$!'&#'$'"! &%). & &&&*"&"$(%'%&&!&%! 1$' #'$'%)0

$!&%%&$& "! &.) ! %$&&%!!$%&&%&&$$& !$ $&%'""+.!$ &!&%!'$%&"%/ 50 )&$&( &%&%&$& '$(.&$&%'""+'$(.!$ !&0

43 5- '"$$%"&#$#- 6- #$"$"$#% )"$#'%$ %$$ "& $#"$"%- 7- #$#"$#'%$ %$$ "&$"%-

$.##"# ( ,'& ###$#$)+%# $#+ #$"$"#+"#$ %# "#-$ #$$)#"#%$* 4- $'& ###$## #+$#$#$"$%"&- 5- %#%##"#'$$%)#"!%$$)#$& "&+$ "$%"&#$#$- 6- %"8#'#$$$#"$"%$#$'"#$"$%##%$ %$$ '$#$%""$- "&##'-0)%$$# #$"# ) #$)'+#$) "+# " $#$"#*1&'&" $$ $%"8- 7- #$ ###+'&"+$( $ "&'#-##$#$"$#% ) %"&$$"$0+)%$$# #$"# )#$)'+#$) "+ # " $#$"#*1-''&$ $%"8,$ "&##$%"$"+ %$%$ %$"$%"#$$#$%""$- $#( +' $)##%$$$&"$#$"# $)$#&$#- $" ##$)#$$$" #"&%"# $$$"$) "#$)#% ), /

/

##%##""+$") )#+##$'$"#"#"&#$ )#% )"#$"#$"$#+'#$$"$%"&$$ "$+#$$$$$'"#$- $##+$)&$$#$/"%!%"% $'$%$#$ $( $ "&'$%$#$"$#% )-

%"9#'##" $#4933-'"#'##$%$,$ %"$"$ "##$"'$ %"""-

#$#$#'$"$ "##"$)#% / / / /

)-

"4959$4966+$)#% ))58 "$- "($$+$#$)#% )'#$"#%$%"#+'$ $"$$)%$ "-

#$#$#&$$$#%&%&%#$$") )#$#$$#$)#% )+$"$ - %$+'$%$$#$") )#+$$)#% )%#$"$ %"&$#$$$$-

77 2

2

!$ &!&$- &%!$&$' -!'&"'&%%!%&"$(/ - -& $&"$%%! )% !&! +"$!! !'&"'&-&)%%!"$!! "$%-!$ &! / ( &'+-*"&&! %'%&&!&!)$"$(/$&%'""+'$(%&%&!& $&/"$(%'$&$-'&!'&"'&$&'$ %&!&% &'$$&/

'$ !$$ -!($ &3&$+4%" $!%$&+/ 2 2 2

$% !($ &"'$%%'%%&$& '$(&!%&&!&$&/ &%!$&$' -!'&"'&$%%%!%&"$(/ &! $' -&*"&"$(%!$%%/$&%'""+'$(%&%&!&&/ "$($%%'$&$-'&!'&"'&$&'$ %&!&% &'$$&/

! !+%!*"$ $%%! '$ 8667-!%&+'&!%&% $& . 2 2 2 2 2

2

2

&) ''%&8666 ''%&8667-%&!"$%+!'&89"$ &/ %&!"$%%&%$& &!&&/ "&$8667-&$$!$%&&&%&)!$ % &! / $%"%%% ' $& &+$!'&!'&+&&&%%!%&&$& '$(&!&&/ '&&$ %$($%"! +'&& &$%&$&%-)%)%'%%"$(!'%+ (!(% $% &! +%'""+/%!-! $%%$%"! +'&& &*%/!&% "!+%! %)!$&!%&$& &!&$&/ !&&&%&!$+! '&% % &!&!*" &!%&$ &$%%! - 866: 866;-*"&&& %&!& %&!"$% &&$$!$%&&&%-) !'% "$% #'&+1%!( +$%% & %+%&/ -! 866: 866;-&$%"! +'&& &$%&$&% ! $%% $%"! +$& &*%'&%!)&%%( $% !($ &%" /

&0%! %$! *"/&"" %) &$ %$('%&%&!% ! &$+"!+, 2 2 2 2

-& $% $%$(% &! +%'""+ & &$' %$& !&$ &$%&$&%)%&&$& '$(&!$&/ '&"'& $%% &%!$&$' -%!%&"$(/ '&- &! $' -&*"&"$()$%%)-%& &$&%'""+'$( &!&&/ '&"'&$&'$ %&!&% &'$$&-'&&"$(%"$ &+$/ %*"'%&$&%!)&$& $&%'""+!$! %& %!$& ! 2$' &%!! &$+"!+/

&0%%'""!% &&&! !+%&$&%!'& &%! $' #'$'- )$& - ! 2$' $&%'""+- %!$&2$' $&%'""+ &$%&/

34 %!#!""" !! #""% %!#!,"!""'! !#") 3, #!"$"'"# !# !"! !-"'" #!*" "!#'# $!"!, 4, #!" #"!#!!" #"!"' !" # !*" "!#'# $!"!""", 5, # 32!%!"""! " #*#"#"!" $ !!, ' & ! +!"" %"", 6, !!#""!#! $"#' !" #*%$ *"/ # " !#'# $ !&,!"*!!#!*"! "/ # "!#' # $%!"""! !",

!&!!#!""$ "' !" !""!#'!, /

/

/ /

/

# 33!%!%"!%*!"*" ! $&!"'!#' !! !!$ "!""""#" ""! "/ # #"#", %*"! " #*" "# $!"" ","" '. ! !"##!"!!#"'!" *"$ " #"#"""!"# "$"! " #, #"*!"# !%!*"!!""!"""$% !, !!"!*"$ "!!" "!" "!#'* " "' $ "!#"#"#"'" " "!"!" "!#', !"!#!"!!" '"&""& " # " 3872!+" (" " #& "#" !0 1 "" "'" # ""!#'"% "! "" !" , * %!"$ !!*!" ''+"""!" "!#'*#"""!"!#""'" "! ",

Complete Set of Unrevised Notes from Fall 2010 (pdf)

Recommend Documents