CONTINENTAL STEEL PRODUCTS HANDBOOK

Continental Steel Pte Ltd 100 Gul Circle Singapore 629586 Tel: +65 68620033 Fax: +65 68616448, 68625963/4006

Web: www.consteel.com.sg

PRODUCTS HANDBOOK Structural Steel 2006 Edition

Subsidiary Companies:

Continental Hardware (M) Sdn Bhd Viewforth Trading and Engineering Pte Ltd Conblast Industries Pte Ltd Con-Struct Engineering Technology Pte Ltd

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CONTENT

The Company Profile Services

1 1 2

Explanatory Notes General information Introduction

9 9 9

Materials - EN10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel History of the standard The new standard EN 10025 : 2004 Grade designation systems Grades, properties and nearest equivalents Manufacturing tolerances Comparison between general structural steel specifications

10 10 10 11 13 16 17

Section Properties Dimensional units Mass and force units

18 21 21

Comparison Between Hot Finished and Cold Formed Hollow Sections Introduction Specifications Manufacture of hollow sections Section properties Structural performance Compression resistance Web bearing and buckling Tension, shear and bending Summary

22 22 22 23 24 25 26 26 26 27

Fire resistance Externally protected columns Internally protected columns Cost comparisons Universal Beams and Columns General Rolling tolerances - EN 10034 : 1993 Metric sizes Imperial sizes

Continental Steel Pte Ltd

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27 27 28 28

31 31 32 34 40

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Cellular Beams Section sizes

57 57

Castellated Beams Section sizes

58 58

Structural Tees General Metric sizes Imperial sizes

63 63 64 68

Bearing Piles General Metric sizes Imperial sizes

77 77 78 80

Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections General Ellipcon sections Semi Ellipcon sections

83 83 84 85

Hot Finished Hollow Sections General Comparable specifications Product specifications Chemical composition Mechanical properties Tensile test Charpy V-notch impact test Manufacturing tolerances Other specifications

87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 89 90

Circular sections Square sections Rectangular sections Cold Formed Hollow Sections General Comparable specifications Product specifications Chemical composition Mechanical properties Tensile test Charpy V-notch impact test Manufacturing tolerances Other specifications


91 96 100 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 106 107 107

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Circular sections Square sections Rectangular sections Channels Rolling tolerances - EN 10279 : 2000

108 111 116 119 119

Tapered Flange Metric sizes Imperial sizes

120 120 121

Parallel Flange

124

General Introduction Material specifications Storage and handling Holing and cleating for C Purlins

125 125 125 125 126 127

Plain Channels Lipped Channels High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins

129 130 132 133

Rolling tolerances - EN 10056-2 : 1993 Equal Angles Unequal Angles

135 135 136 138

Flat Bars Square Bars Deformed and Round Bars

139 139 141 142

Product specifications Main specifications List of standard specifications Mild Steel Plates Chequered Plates

143 143 143 144 148 149

JIS G3452 (1988) SGP BS 1387 (1985) API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) Chemical composition Mechanical properties Section sizes

153 153 154 156 156 156 157

Purlins

Angles

Bars

Plates

Pipes


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Steel Sheet Piles PU Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties Dimensions and sectional properties Interlocking options Dimensional tolerances Handling holes and double piles

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169 169 169 169 170 170 170

KSP Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties Dimensions and sectional properties Interlocking options Dimensional tolerances Recommended maximum lengths for driving

171 171 171 172 172 172

KSP Straight Web Sections Mechanical properties Dimensions and sectional properties Dimensional tolerances

173 173 173 174

General Sizes

175 175

Gratings

Appendix Conversion factors


177

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LIST OF TABLE ○

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Note: Section tables are not numbered and put in the list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles. Table 1 - EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels

13

Table 2 - EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled

14

Table 3 - EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermo mechanically rolled

14

Table 4 - EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric

15

Table 5 - EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels

15

Table 6 - Comparison between general structural steel specifications

17

Table 7 - Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material

25

Table 8 - Fire resistance: Cost comparison - universal columns vs. circular hollows

29

Table 9 - Fire resistance: Cost comparison - universal columns vs. rectangular hollows

29

Table 10 - Universal Beams and Columns: Standard specifications

31

Table 11 - Structural Tees: Standard specifications

63

Table 12 - Bearing Piles: Standard specifications

77

Table 13 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications

87

Table 14 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties

88

Table 15 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances

89

Table 16 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications

105

Table 17 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties

106

Table 18 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances

107

Table 19 - Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances

125

Table 20 - Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness

126

Table 21 - High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances

126

Table 22 - High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position

128

Table 23 - High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes

132

Table 24 - High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes

133

Table 25 - Plates: List of standards specifications

147

Table 26 - Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates

149

Table 27 - Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates

149

Table 28 - API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition Table 29 - API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties Table 30 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes

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156

156

169

Table 31 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options Table 32 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances Table 33 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties Table 34 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties Table 35 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options Table 36 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances Table 37 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties Table 38 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties Table 39 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength Table 40 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances Table 41 - Gratings: Sizes

170

170

171

171

172

172

173

173

173

174

175


LIST OF FIGURES ○

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Note: Drawings from section tables are not numbered and put in this list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles. Figure 1 - Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections

24

Figure 2 - Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections

24

Figure 3 - Compression/Slenderness curves for columns

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Figure 4 - Universal Beams and Columns: Section shapes

31

Figure 5 - Structural Tees: Section shapes

63

Figure 6 - Bearing Piles: Section shape

77

Figure 7 - Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections

90

Figure 8 - How to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections

90

Figure 9 - C and Z Purlins

125

Figure 10 - Holing and cleats for C purlins

127

Figure 11 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions

169

Figure 12 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions

171

Figure 13 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensions

173

Figure 14 - Gratings: Dimensions

175


Continental Steel Pte Ltd ○

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The Company ○

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Being one of the biggest premier steel suppliers throughout the region, Continental Steel has the

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first fully covered multi-storey warehouse that occupies a floor area of 350,000 sq. ft. The ware-

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house has facilities that allows the following services:

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a) Rust protected storage

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b) Larger stockholding capacity that can accommodate 150,000 tons of material

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c) 24 heavy-duty over-head cranes remotely controlled, some of which are magnetic

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d) Ability to service 12 container trucks at any one time

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e) Advanced handling system ensures quick delivery and turn around time Conducive working environment for more productive workforce in rain or shine

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g) Ability to operate 24hr shifts to meet extra large quantity deadlines.

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Continental Steel Pte Ltd is a CIDB registered supplier in the L5 category for all structural steel

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Apart from being the supplier of a comprehensive range of quality steel sections, Continental Steel aims to extend its commitment to customers by enhancing its services and adding new facilities. A dedicated team is tasked to provide technical support so as to advise the proper usage of steel and assist customers in using the products to its best advantage.


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SERVICES ○

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• Technical support

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• Auto Cut and Bend operations

With a new team of highly qualified engineers we can advise our customers on the correct use of structural steel and provide help on the structural design.

• Shearing of steel plate Shearing facility that sizes steel plates up to 20mm thickness and maximum 6.1m width.

In current competitive business environment, efficiency and product specialization are the essence to a business survival and profitability. So for building contractors and developers, material usage control and wastage management plus other fixed overhead investments like machinery and work-shop space should be kept at a minimum level. To meet this demand we had invested both machinery, skill workers and other infra-structure to provide cut to size and bend to shape reinforcement bars services. Thus removing building contractors and developers tons of on-site work. Our company is also a HDB approved cut and bend service provider. Powerful hydraulic cutters are being used to cut high tensile reinforcement bars and having capacity to cut bars up to a diameter of 40mm. With auto feeding and measuring mechanism in corporate into the cutter, out-put of the cutting operation could be optimized. Furthermore overhead cranes facilities provide efficiency in both moving reinforcement bars from storage bay to production area and from production area to lorry for timely delivery.

2


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Dimensions and bend angles checks are part of the work process to ensure the end product meet customers' requirement. All bending activities are either fully automatic or machines assisted. Optimal layout of bending machines provides valuable space for storing finished products. Furthermore it provides capacity to bend bars up to 12 meters length. Thus out-sourcing cut and bend activities by contractors and developers assist them in managing their resources far more efficiently and effectively.

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CNC Drilling & Bandsawing Line System

The steel construction industry faces many challenges in this 21st century. Steel fabrication demands a fast track job, with complex detail and minimum tolerance to remain in competitive market. Continental Steel provides cut to length steel material, subsequently no wastage in construction site. With our automatic drilling and sawing service, we offer flexibility, productivity and reliability of steel products to meet customer's high standard requirements and tight schedule. With computerized measuring system, we ensure the highest accuracy in steel cutting and drilling. Whether your requirements call for complex or simple detail, large or small scale project, Continental Steel is your source for all CNC drilling and sawing requirements.


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The Kaltenbach 3 axis CNC drilling machine KD 1015 provides state of the art drilling to suit a wide range of material requirements. KD series have two horizontal and one vertical axis drill spindle, with a maximum drill capacity of 40 mm and are fitted as standard with an auto tool changer.

Features of the KD machine: - Machine gantry designed with robust welded construction

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The Control Desk with graphical user interface under Windows and Touch-Screen Monitors ensures a fast and easy programming of the machine. Working Range and Technical Data: Angle steel max (mm) 250 x 250 x 28 U Steel max(mm) 400 x 110 H beam max (mm) 1,000 x 400 Drilling unit: Vertical (Y-axis) (pc) Horizontal (Z- and W-axes)(pc) Drill diameter (mm)

- Programmed spindle speeds are automatically assigned to each drill diameter - Automatic drill offset by touch sensing of the drill tips against the material - Lowering program for all three drill bits - Electro-mechanical drill feed using ball bearing spindle with servo motor - Automatic cross-section measuring - Fast and precise drill spindles positioning via ball screw drive and servo motors.

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1 2 10 - 40

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Features of the KBS Bandsaw:

Future expansion of new drilling technology will satisfy steel industry with advanced bolt connection for structural steel work industry. A new Thermal Friction Drilling system will bush length up to 3 times the original thickness. This system produces perfectly formed bushes using a combination of rotation speed and pressure to locally heat the material, forming a bush in various thickness of metal. The Band saw KBS 1001 DG was developed for the special requirements of steel construction and steel suppliers and combine solid machine construction with high performance elements. The large cutting range, even for acutely angled mitresquares on both sides, combined with compact construction, particularly distinguish this Bandsaw.

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Short setup times due to NC-controlled mitre angle setting and automatic cycle control (clamping - sawing- releasing)

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Enhanced band life thanks to full-stroke hydraulic band tensioning with auto stand-by tension feature, plus coolant atomizer system.

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Secure material clamping via selfadjusting machine vise.

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Coolant Atomizer System for efficiently lubrification and cooling of the sawband.

Via the graphical user surface Proficut, running under Windows, the machine could be programmed. The software is able to import DSTV or CSV files from customers' software. Different functions like a Material database, a part database or an order management module makes programming fast and very easy.

A Hydraulic saw band feed, infinitely variable at the freestanding control cabinet (feed control by proportional valve technology) and a 7.5 KW strong drive motor with infinitely cutting speeds ensures perfect cutting performance.


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Cutting range: Round material

90°

mm

500

Bundles:

90°

mm

600 x 500

Square

90°

mm

1,000 x 500

Beams

45°

mm

640 X 500

30°

mm

400 x 500

Mitre Cutting range

degrees 45 - 90 - 30

Technical data:

6

Band dimensions

mm

8,250 x 54 x 1.6

Drive capacity

KW

7.5

Cutting speeds

m/min

16-100

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The efficiency and productivity of both machines are improved by auto measuring system, rollerway and material handling equipment. With a uniform control, Continental can achieve the optimum production environment In concert with our Quality Assurance program and continuous inspection control, we are in the edge in providing best flexibility, productivity and reliability of steel saw and drill service. We welcome the challenge to become your supplier of high quality ready-to-use steel products to be delivered on time.


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• Auto shot blasting and painting For better steel finishes and protection, the fully automatic shot blasting machines attend to the steel treatment needs with the provision of inhouse painting.

• Fully computerised administrative system Computer networks that ensure quicker and more efficient administration fully support the office procedures from quotations to delivery.

• Galvanising Hot dip galvanising provides the permanent good appearance and freedom from maintenance that ensures long service life.

• In house delivery service Having a highly motivated team of delivery staff and efficient transportation services, just in time requirements can be achieved. There are 24 heavy-duty over-head cranes remotely controlled, some of which are magnetic with up to 12 tons loading capacity. A mobile crane with maximum 30 tons lifting capacity is also available to ensure unloading at any construction site. As one of the leading steel suppliers, Continental Steel has set up an industrial standard in the region. The company also has the capability of providing steels to the exact specified requirements for different needs.


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Explanatory Notes ○

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General information All weights and measures shown on invoices will be governed by standards of the respective specifications so offered. Care has been taken to ensure that all data and information herein are factual and that numerical values are accurate. To the best of our knowledge, all information contained in this handbook is accurate at the time of publication. Continental Steel Pte Ltd assumes no responsibility for errors in or misinterpretation of the information contained in this handbook or in its use.

Introduction To serve the increasing demands for more section types and to create the awareness on the proper use of steel, we have come up with a new product catalogue. The new handbook has a more comprehensive range of products and useful technical information, and it also functions as a design reference for the consultants and a product catalogue for our customers. To help our customers to proper design and use of steel we have also extended the business by offering our customers technical support from our team of Structural Engineers. The catalogue contains up-to-date materials standards specifications. Note that new European standards supersede most of the old British Standards, see sections “Materials” and “Manufacturing tolerances” under this chapter, and the design guide BS 5950 substitutes BS 449. The content list of our new catalogue shows that we have increased the range of section types and sizes. This is to give our customers a bigger choice when selecting material and more room for imagination, innovation and flexibility when designing and planning for new structures. With more sections to choose from, the designers will have opportunities to make better and more cost efficient designs, by selecting the section size closest to that required. Some of the new section types we have added to our product list are: Structural Tees Cellular Beams Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections, elliptical and semi elliptical Parallel Flange Channels High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins. The new catalogue also contains a comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections. We included this because substitution of cold formed sections for hot finished sections are very common in this region, but not everybody knows the differences between the two section types. The first few pages of the catalogue give a short resume of the company profile and the services we provide. The summary shows that we have extended our business by adding more value to the steel we supply to our customers. Our steel suppliers are mills with third party certifications, such as ISO, CARES and/or Lloyd’s.


9

Explanatory Notes

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Materials - EN10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel EN 10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel. It shows the new grades, properties and the nearest equivalent grades from former standards including EN 10025 : 1993. The grade designation system is also explained.

History of the standard The European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardisation is responsible for producing the European Standards (ENs) for structural steels. The first of these standards, EN 10025, was published in the UK by BSI as EN 10025 : 1990, partly superseding BS 4360 : 1986, which was re-issued as BS 4360 : 1990. In 1993, a second edition of EN 10025 was made available together with EN 10113 : parts 1, 2 & 3 and EN 10155. In June 1994, EN 10210 : part 1 was published and at the same time BS 4360 was officially withdrawn. The balance of the BS 4360 steels not affected by these ENs were re-issued in new British Standards BS 7613 and BS 7668. In 1996, with the publication of EN 10137, BS 7613 was withdrawn. BS 7668 will remain until an EN for atmospheric corrosion resistant hollow sections is available In 2004 the standard EN 10025 was revised to address the provisions of EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). It is now published in six parts to bring together almost all the 'Structural Metallic Products' into one comprehensive standard.

The new standard EN 10025 : 2004 The new standard is published in six parts and draws together earlier standards to produce one standard for the majority of structural steel products. The parts are: • Part 1 - General technical delivery conditions. • Part 2 - Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels. Supersedes EN 10025 : 1993 • Part 3 - Technical delivery conditions for normalised / normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels. Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 2 : 1993 • Part 4 - Technical delivery conditions for thermo mechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels. Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 3 : 1993 • Part 5 - Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels. Supersedes EN 10155 : 1993 • Part 6 - Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition. Supersedes EN 10137 : parts 1 & 2 : 1996

10


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Grade designation systems The designation systems used in the new standard are similar but not identical to EN 10025 : 1993 and very different to the familiar BS 4360 designations so the guide below has been prepared to assist purchasers, specifiers, designers and users of steel.

Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels S...

Structural steel

E...

Engineering steel

.235...

Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm

...JR..

Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ +20°C

...J0..

Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0°C

...J2..

Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20°C

...K2..


...+AR Supply condition as rolled ...+N

Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled

Customer options ...C..

Grade suitable for cold forming

...Z..

Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface

Examples: S235JR+AR, S355K2C+N

Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels S...

Structural steel

.275...


...N..

Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20°C

...NL..


Customer options ...Z..


Examples: S275N, S420NL Z35

Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermo mechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels S...

Structural steel

.275...


...M..


...ML..




Examples: S355M, S460ML Z25


11

Explanatory Notes

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Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels S...

Structural steel

.355... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm ...J0..

Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0°C

...J2..


...K2..


...W..

Improved atmospheric corrosion resistance

...P..

Greater phosphorus content (grade S355 only)

...+AR Supply condition as rolled ...+N

Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled



Examples: S235J0W+AR, S355K2W+N Z25

Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition S...

Structural steel

.460... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm ...Q..


...QL..


...QL1.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -60°C Customer options ...Z..


Examples: S460Q, S690QL

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Grades, properties and nearest equivalents The tables below show the grades, properties and nearest equivalent grades from earlier standards. The grade designations are explained on the previous pages.

Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10025 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004

EN 10025 : 1993

BS 4360 : 1990

Grade

Grade

Grade

S185

-

Yield (Reh) min

Tensile (Rm)

Charpy V-notch longitudinal

S185 -

185

290/510

1

S235JR

2

235

360/510

Energy (J) t =16mm

o

Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)

Temp ( C) -

-

-

-

S235

40A

20

27

S235JRG1/G2

40B

S235J0

0

27

S235J0

40C

S235J2

-20

27

S235J2G3/G4

40D

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S275

43A

-

1 2

20

27

S275JR

43B

S275J0

0

27

S275J0

43C

S275J2

-20

27

S275J2G3/G4

43D

S275JR

-

275

410/560

1

S355JR S355J0

2

355

470/630

-

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S355

50A

20

27

S355JR

50B

0

27

S355J0

50C

S355J2

-20

27

S355J2G3/G4

50D

S355K2

-20

40

S355K2G3/G4

50DD

E295

295

470/610

-

-

E295

-

S335

335

570/710

-

-

S335

-

E360

360

650/830

-

-

E360

-

1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2

Table 1 – EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels

Notes 1

For all products to be compliant with the EU Construction Products Directive (CPD 89/106/EC) the material must offer a guaranteed minimum impact performance. This has resulted in the removal of this grade from the standard, and the lowest grade now offered is the JR version for each yield strength variation.

2

Verification of the specified impact value is only carried out when agreed at the time of the enquiry and order.


13

Explanatory Notes

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Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004

Grade

EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993

Yield (Reh) min

Tensile (Rm)

Charpy V-notch longitudinal o


Temp ( C)

S275N 275

BS 4360 : 1990

Grade

Grade

Energy (J) t =16mm

-20

40

S275N

43DD

-50

27

S275NL

43EE

-20

40

S355N

50

370/510

S275NL S355N 355

470/630

S355NL

-50

27

S355NL

50EE

S420N

-20

40

S420N

-

-50

27

S420NL

-

-20

40

S460N

55C

-50

27

S460NL

55EE

420

520/680

S420NL S460N 460

550/720

S460NL

1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2

Table 2 – EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels

Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 3 : 1993 EN 10113 : part 3 EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 :1993 Grade Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) S275M

275

370/510

S275ML S355M

355

470/630

Temp (°C)

Energy (J) t = 16mm

-20

40

S275M

-50

27

S275ML

-20

40

S355M

S355ML

-50

27

S355ML

S420M

-20

40

S420M

-50

27

S420ML

-20

40

S460M

-50

27

S460ML

420

520/680

S420ML S460M

460

550/720

S460ML 1 MPa = 1 N/mm

2

Table 3 – EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermomechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels

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Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10155 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 EN 10155 : BS 4360 : 1990 1993 Grade Grade Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal

S235J0W

235

Temp ( C)

360/510

S235J2W S355J0WP

Energy (J) t =16mm

o

Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) 0

27

S235J0W

-

-20

27

S235J2W

-

0

27

S355J0WP

WR50A

S355J2WP

-20

27

S355J2WP

-

S355J0W

0

27

S355J0W

WR50B

S355J2W

355

470/630

355

470/630

S355K2W 1 MPa = 1 N/mm

-20

27

S355J2W

WR50C

-20

40

S355K2W

WR50D

2

Table 4 – EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10137 : part 2 : 1996 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 EN 10137 : part BS 4360 : 1990 2 : 1996 Grade Grade Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal o


Temp ( C)

S460Q S460QL

460

550/720

S460QL1 S500Q

Energy (J) t =16mm

0

40

S460Q

-

0

50

S460QL

-

0

60

S460QL1

55F

0

40

S500Q

-

0

50

S500QL

-

S500QL1

0

60

S500QL1

-

S550Q

0

40

S550Q

-

0

50

S550QL

-

S550QL1

0

60

S550QL1

-

S620Q

0

40

S620Q

-

S500QL

S550QL

S620QL

500

590/770

550

640/820

620

700/890

0

50

S620QL

-

S620QL1

0

60

S620QL1

-

S690Q

0

40

S690Q

-

S690QL

690

770/940

0

50

S690QL

-

S690QL1

0

60

S690QL1

-

S890Q

0

40

S890Q

-

S890QL

890

940/1100

S890QL1 S960Q

960

980/1150

S960QL 1 MPa = 1 N/mm

0

50

S890QL

-

0

60

S890QL1

-

0

40

S960Q

-

0

50

S960QL

-

2

Table 5 – EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition Note 1 Other impact temperatures can be specified


15

Explanatory Notes

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The other specifications of structural components referred to in this handbook are mainly as follow: EN 10028 (1993/1997): “Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes” +

EN 10056 -Part1 (1993): "Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles - Dimensions"

EN 10149 (1995/1996): “Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming” #

EN 10210 -Part 1 (1994): "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain

structural steels" EN 10219 -Part 1 (1997): "Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels" SS104 (1996): "Cold formed steel sections for general structures" Some of the standards mentioned above are new European standards superseding the old British Standards BS 4360: “Weldable structural steels” (1986) and BS 6363: “Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections” (1983). Material to other specifications such as ASTM, AS and JIS can also be supplied.

Manufacturing tolerances The dimensions, mass and tolerances of the sections are generally as listed in the following standards: BS 4 -Part 1 (1993): "Structural Steel Sections" for hot rolled universal beams and columns and tees cut therefrom, channels, bearing piles and rolled tees #

EN 10029 (1991): “Specifications for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3mm thick or above” EN 10034 (1993): “Structural steel I and H sections - Tolerances on shape and dimensions” EN 10051 (1992): “Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy steels - Tolerances on dimensions and shape” EN 10056 -Part 2 (1993): "Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles -Tolerances on shape and dimensions”

#+

EN 10210 -Part 2 (1997): "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain

structural steels" EN 10219 -Part 2 (1997): "Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels" SS104 (1996): "Cold formed steel sections for general structures" for lipped channels Some of the standards mentioned above are new European standards superseding the old British Standards BS 4848 - Part 2: “Hot-rolled structural steel sections - Hot-finished hollow sections” (1991) and BS 6363: “Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections” (1983). Material to other specifications such as ASTM, AS and JIS can also be supplied. In structural design and construction there are a lot of details to remember. For example, when buying steel beams, columns, bars, plates and pipes, be sure to buy the correct section type, size and grade.If the specified section is not available, check with the designer before any changes to the structure are made. For example, a parallel flange channel can not be substituted with a plain channel without reference to the design engineer. This is because the sections are different both in size and material, the plain channel is cold formed while the parallel flange channel is hot formed, and they have different sectional properties.

16

#

Standards superseding parts of BS4360 1986/1990.

+

Standards superseding parts of BS4848 1972/1980/1991.


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In the section “Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections” we have explained the differences between the two sections, and why cold formed sections can not be used to substitute hot finished sections without rechecking the capacity.

Comparison between general structural steel specifications The following specifications are normally readily available, but offers depend upon acceptance of full specification details or specifications not listed below. Quality

Grade

Min. Yield strength 2

Min. Tensile strength 2

N/mm

ksi

N/mm

ksi

Chemical composition (%, max.) C

Si

Mn

P

S

Nb

BS 4360

43A

275

40

430/580

62/84

0.25 0.50

1.60

0.050

0.0 5

-

(1986)

50B

355

52

490/640

71/93

0.22 0.50

1.50

0.050

0.05

0.003/0.10

(superseded)

55C

450

65

550/700

80/102

0.22 0.60

1.60

0.040

0.04

0.003/0.10

EN 10025

S275J0

275

40

410/560

59/81

0.18

1.50

0.040

0.04

0.009

(2004)

S355J0

355

52

490/630

71/91

0.20 0.55

1.60

0.040

0.04

0.009

EN 10113

S275N

275

40

370/510

54/74

0.20 0.40 0.5/1.40

0.035

0.03

0.050

(1993)

S355N

355

52

470/630

68/91

0.20 0.50 0.9/1.65

0.035

0.03

0.050

460M

460

67

530/720

77/104

0.18 0.60

1.70

0.030

0.025

0.05

ASTM A36 (2001)

-

250

36

400/550

58/80

0.26 0.40

-

0.040

0.05

-

ASTM A283

Grade D

230

33

415/550

60/80

0.27 0.40

0.90

0.035

0.04

-

(superseded)

-

(1993) ASTM A572 (2001)

42

290

42

415

60

0.21 0.40

1.35

0.050

0.04

-

50

345

50

450

65

0.23 0.40

1.35

0.050

0.04

-

55

380

55

485

70

0.25 0.40

1.35

0.050

0.04

-

60

415

60

520

75

0.26 0.40

1.35

0.050

0.04

-

65

450

65

550

80

0.23 0.40

1.65

0.050

0.04

-

ASTM A913

50

345

50

450

65

0.12 0.40

1.60

0.040

0.03

0.05

(2001)

65

450

65

550

80

0.16 0.40

1.60

0.030

0.03

0.05

JIS G 3101

SS 400

245

36

400/510

58/74

-

-

-

0.050

0.05

-

(1995)

SS 490

285

41

490/610

71/88

-

-

-

0.050

0.05

-

JIS G 3106

SM 400B

245

36

400/510

58/74

0.035

0.035

-

(1995)

SM 490B

325

47

490/610

71/88

0.18 0.55

1.60

0.035

0.035

-

SM 490YB

365

53

490/610

71/88

0.20 0.55

1.60

0.035

0.035

-

JIS G 3136

SN 400B

235

34

400/510

58/74

0.20 0.35 0.6/1.40

0.030

0.015

-

(1994)

SN 490B

325

47

490/610

71/88

0.18 0.55

1.60

0.030

0.015

-

SPHC

-

-

270

39

0.15

0.60

0.50

0.050

-

JIS G 3131

0.20 0.35 0.6/1.40

-

SPHD

-

-

270

39

0.10

-

0.50

0.40

0.040

-

SPHE

-

-

270

39

0.10

-

0.50

0.30

0.035

-

AS3679

C250LO

260

38

410

59

0.20 0.40

1.5 0

0.040

0.04

-

1996

C350LO

360

52

480

70

0.22 0.50

1.60

0.040

0.04

-

GB700-88

Q235

235

34

375/406

54/59

0.22 0.30

0.65

0.045

0.05

-

DIN 17100

St 37.2

235

34

340/470

49/68

0.17

-

-

0.050

0.05

-

St 44.2

275

40

410/540

59/78

0.21

-

-

0.050

0.05

-

St 50.2

295

43

470/610

68/88

-

-

-

0.050

0.05

-

St 52.3

355

51

490/630

71/91

0.20 0.55

1.60

0.040

0.04

-

08 KP

-

-

260/380

38/55

0.12 0.03

0.50

0.035

0.04

-

GOST1050-88 Notes:

For BS, EN and JIS the values are for sections with thickness less than 16mm.

Table 6 – Comparison between general structural steel specifications


17

Explanatory Notes

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Section Properties The followings are taken from EN 10210-2 (1997), EN 10219-2 (1997) and BS5950 Volume 1 Design Guide, 5th edition 1997

Corner radius ( r ) For hollow sections the corner radius are taken from EN 10210 and EN 10219, for hot finished hollow sections and cold formed hollow sections respectively.

For hot finished square and rectangular hollow sections: Nominal external corner radius for calculation is

ro=1.5T

Nominal internal corner radius for calculation is

ri=1.0T

For cold formed square and rectangular hollow sections: Nominal external corner radius for calculation is For thickness T 6mm:

ro=2.0T

For thickness 6mm < T 10mm:

ro=2.5T

For thickness T > 10mm:

ro=3.0T

Nominal internal corner radius for calculation is For thickness T 6mm:

ri=1.0T

For thickness 6mm < T 10mm:

ri=1.5T

For thickness T > 10mm:

ri=2.0T

For other section types the manufacturers are using rules from various standard specifications, which will take too much space to include in this handbook. Refer to the respective country’s standards. Second moment of area ( I ) The second moment of area of the section, often referred to as moment of inertia, has been calculated based on first principal, by taking into account all tapers, radii and fillets of the sections. Radius of gyration ( r ) The radius of gyration is a parameter used in buckling calculation and is derived as follows:

I r= A

1

2

where A is the cross-sectional area and I is the second moment of area. For castellated sections, the radius of gyration given is calculated at the net section as required in design to BS 5950: Part 1.

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Elastic Modulus ( Z ) The elastic modulus is used to calculate the moment capacity based on the design strength of the section or the stress at the extreme fibre of the section from a known moment. It is derived as follows:

Z=

I y

where y is the distance to the extreme fibre of the section from the elastic neutral axis and I is the second moment of area. For castellated sections the elastic modulus given are those at the net section. For channels the modulus about the minor axis (y-y) is given at the toe of the section. For angles the elastic modulus about both axes are given at the toes of the section. Plastic Modulus ( S ) The plastic modulus is calculated based on the first principal, by taking moment about the equal area axis. Only the full plastic modulus (S) is given in the tables. When a member is subject to both axial load and bending, the plastic modulus must be reduced to take account of the reduction in plastic moment of resistance. The details for the reduction are given in BS 5950. Buckling parameter ( u ) and torsional index ( x ) The buckling parameter and torsional index used in buckling calculations are derived as follows: For bi-symmetric flanged sections and flanged sections symmetrical about the minor axis only: 1

4S X 2 u= 2 2 A h A x = 0.566h J

4

1

2

For flanged sections symmetric about the major axis only:

I y SX 2 u= 2 A H A H x = 1132 . I y J where Sx

1

1

4

2

= is the plastic modulus about the major axis

Iy

= 1

Ix Iy

= is the second moment of area about the major axis = is the second moment of area about the minor axis

A

= is the cross-sectional area

h

= is the distance between the shear centres of flanges (for T sections, h is the distance between shear centre of the flange and the toe of the web) = is the warping constant = is the torsion constant

H J

Ix


19

Explanatory Notes

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Warping constant ( H ) For Tee sections cut from UB and UC sections, the warping constant (H) has been derived as given below. 3

1 1 T T 3 B 3 + d t 3 144 36 2 T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables (r is the corner radius). H=

Because this value is very small, it is not tabulated. The warping constants (H) for I, H and channel sections are calculated using the formulae given in the SCI publication (P057) Design of Members Subject to Combined Bending and Torsion. Torsion constant ( J ) For Tee sections cut from UB and UC sections, the torsion constant (J) has been derived as given below.

J=

1 1 B T 3 + (d T ) t 3 + 1 D1 4 0.21 T 4 0105 . t4 3 3

where

1 = 0.042 + 0.2204 D1 =

t r t r t2 + 0.1355 0.0865 2 0.0725 2 T T T T

[(T + r ) + (r + 0.25t ) t] 2

[2r + T ]

T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables (r is the corner radius). The torsion constants (J) for I, H and channel sections are calculated using the formulae given in the SCI publication (P057) Design of Members Subject to Combined Bending and Torsion. For circular hollow sections:

J = 2I

For square and rectangular hollow sections:

J=

t3 h + 2 kAh 3

where I t h

= second moment of area = is the thickness of section = is the mean perimeter = 2[( B t ) + ( D t )] 2 Rc (4 )

Ah

= is the area enclosed by mean perimeter = ( B t )( D t ) Rc 2 (4 )

k

=

2 Ah t h

B D Rc

= is the breadth of section = is the depth of section = is the average of internal and external corner radii T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables (r is the corner radius).

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Torsion modulus constant ( C ) For circular hollow sections:

C = 2Z

where Z is the elastic modulus. For square and rectangular hollow sections:

C=

J t+

k t

Dimensional units The dimensions of sections are given in millimetres (mm) and the calculated properties (centroidal distances, cross-sectional areas, radii of gyration, moments of inertia, elastic and plastic modulus) are given in centimetre (cm) units. Surface areas are in square centimetres (cm2). Some of the sections have imperial sizes but the dimensions and sectional properties for these sections are given in the metric system.

Mass and force units The units for force, mass and acceleration are those of the Systeme International (SI). They are the Newton (N), the kilogram (kg) and the metre per second per second (m/s2) so that 1N=1kgx1m/s2. The acceleration due to gravity varies slightly from place to place and for convenience a "standard" value of 9.80665 m/s 2 has become generally accepted in structural engineering. With this convention, the force exerted by a mass of 1kg under the action of gravity is the "technical unit" of 9.80665N. In the same way 9.80665 kilo Newton is the force exerted by a mass of 1 tonne (1000kg) under gravity and 1kN the force from a mass of 0.102 tonne.


21

Explanatory Notes

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Comparison Between Hot Finished and Cold Formed Hollow Sections Introduction The objectives of the comparison are to gain an understanding on the differences between hot and cold formed sections, and subsequently, correct applications of the sections. Hot finished hollow sections have been successfully used in primary structures for many years, but there is yet little experience with the use of cold formed sections. Cold formed products differ from the hot finished in many respects. Therefore, their use in primary structures must be approached with caution. Thin walled cold formed open sections have been used in construction as secondary members, such as purlins, for a long time. However, there is a growing trend of manufacturing thicker walled cold formed hollow sections and the temptation to introduce them into primary structures. Cold formed hollow sections produced to EN 10219 are suitable for structural use. However, they should not be used as a direct substitute for hot finished hollow sections without reconsideration of the design capacity. With the implementation of the European Standard for cold formed structural hollow sections EN 10219 - there exists a situation of identical grade designations for the majority of the common strength grades used in both the hot finished (EN 10210) and cold formed (EN 10219) standards. For instance, sections with yield strength of 275 N/mm2 and Charpy impact strength of 27 Joules at -20 degrees will have a grade designation of S275J2H in both standards. Common designation can lead to direct substitution and interchanging of the sections. Since cold formed sections generally are weaker than hot finished sections it is essential that products are specified accurately. If a full designation of the steel is given to include both the standard number and the grade/quality of the steel, substitution of cold for hot finished sections can be prevented. For example, a hollow section of yield strength 275N/mm2 and a Charpy impact strength of 27 Joules at -20 degrees should be designated as EN 10210 S275J2H for hot finished and EN 10219 S275J2H for cold formed sections. The BS 5950 Part 1 (1997) are currently being amended, and with the increasing tendency of using cold formed hollow sections in primary structures these sections will probably be included in the new edition. The design rules are not very different from those for hot finished sections, but there are some things a designer has to know and take into consideration. For example, the corner radiuses, section properties, ductility, corner cracking and welding. The differences between the two section types in production, behaviour and design are investigated in this chapter.

Specifications Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 10210-1 (1994):

Technical delivery requirements

EN 10210-2 (1997):

Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties

BS 5950-1:

Structural use of steel works in building - Code of practice for design of rolled and welded sections*. *Subject to changes. New BS 5950 Part 1, 1999/2000 (6th edition).

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Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 10219-1 (1997):

Technical delivery requirements

EN 10219-2 (1997):

Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties

BS 5950-1:

Structural use of steel works in building - Code of practice for design of rolled and welded sections*. *Subject to changes. Design of cold formed hollow sections for primary structures will be included in the new BS 5950 Part 1, 1999/2000 (6th edition).

Manufacture of hollow sections Hot finished hollow sections The manufacture of hot hollow sections involves a number of processes and cold forming may be used initially. However, the hot finished product is characterised by the final forming operation, which is always being carried out in the austenitic state (i.e. above 920 degrees). As a result, the forming operations do not affect the physical properties of the final product, which are uniform around the complete periphery, including the seam weld in continuously welded sections. Cold formed hollow sections The physical properties of the cold formed sections are significantly affected by the method used in producing the strip, section forming processes and the final shape and dimensions of the resulting section. The strip used for the cold formed sections may be hot or cold rolled. Plastic deformation and straining occur during the cold forming operations mentioned below: 1) uncoiling of strips 2) strip flattening 3) forming into a round section 4) welding of round sections 5) circular sections formed into square or rectangle 6) straightening of the curved walls and corners formed Note: Square or rectangular hollow sections are not necessarily formed from round sections, some manufacturers form the square or rectangle directly from strip. Cold forming is known to increase the yield and tensile strength of the materials due to cold working or strain hardening (see Figure 1). However, as the strength increases, ductility decreases. And the process may result in a section in which the strength and ductility vary considerably around the periphery. For example, a test specimen from the flat face of the cold formed section will only indicate the conditions applying to that face. There are also differences in the mechanical property transverse and longitudinally on the section. Thus, cold formed sections must be used with caution and proper design, especially in the use for primary structures. There should be restrictions for the welding of cold formed sections. The corners of these sections are subjected to high residual stress due to cold working. Welding further induces the residual stress at the corners because of high local heating.Corner cracking occurs when the yield stress of these cold formed sections is exceeded by the residual stress built up at the corners.


23

Explanatory Notes

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Stress Ultimate strength

Increase of yield stress due to strain hardening

Fracture Yield point after cold working

Initial loading

Further loading after cold working

Ductility after cold working

Loss of ductility due to cold working

Strain

Figure 1 – Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections

Section properties Cold formed rectangular and square hollow sections have rounder corners than the hot finished sections. This is to avoid corner cracking from occurring during the forming of cold formed sections, because of too sharp corner radius or too thick sections. However, the larger or rounder the corner radius, the smaller are the cross sectional area, moment of inertia, section modulus and radius of gyration, etc. for a given size of section compared with a similar hot finished section. Larger corner radii can make fabrication difficult and require additional weld metal or profiling to produce the right fit-up. This is a problem particularly when connecting one section to the face of another section of similar size (see Figure 2), and can also add to fabrication costs.

The tight corner radii of hot finished sections provide good preparation for welding, especially where members of the same width are to be welded together.

The larger corner radii of cold formed sections will require additional weld metal or additional profiling to produce the required fit-up; both add to fabrication costs, especially where members of the same width are to be welded together.

Figure 2 – Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections

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Structural performance For cold formed sections in tension, the variation of strength around the section could lead to local over-stressing, which together with the reduced ductility in cold formed sections could reduce the capability of the sections to redistribute loads. As local stress redistribution often occurs even in elastic design, the maximum value of yield/ tensile strength ratio should not exceed 80%. This limitation is incorporated in some standards (extract from “Hot formed RHS winning on points” from British Steel). The ductility and Charpy impact toughness for sections to EN 10219 are equivalent to hot finished hollow sections to EN 10210. For the classification of cross sections the limiting width to thickness ratio will need minor adjustments to take into account the residual stresses in the section due to cold forming and the ductility of the material. According to Europe Code 3 (ENV 1993-1-1:1992/A1:1994), welding of cold formed sections should not be carried out in the cold deformed zones or within the adjacent width of 5t each side, see Table 7, unless either: -the cold-deformed zones are normalised after cold-forming but before welding; -the thickness does not exceed the relevant value obtained from Table 7.

Maximum Maximumthickness thickness(mm) (mm) r/t r/t

Strain Straindue dueto tocold cold forming forming(%) (%)

Generally Generally

>> 25 25

>> 22

Any Any

Any Any

Fully Fully killed killed Aluminium-killed Aluminium-killed steel steel (Al (Al>> 0.02%) 0.02%) Any Any

>> 10 10

>> 55

Any Any

16 16

Any Any

>> 3.0 3.0

>> 14 14

24 24

12 12

24 24

>> 2.0 2.0

>> 20 20

12 12

10 10

12 12

>> 1.5 1.5

>> 25 25

88

88

10 10

>> 1.0 1.0

>> 33 33

44

44

66

Predominantly Predominantly static staticloading loading

Where Wherefatigue fatigue predominates predominates

5t 5t tt 5t 5t

rr

Table 7 – Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material Due to stress relief effects, cold formed hollow sections are subject to greater distortion than hot finished sections when subject to shot blasting, galvanising and welding. This can cause local buckling, corner cracking and other deformations, and will obviously have a large impact on the capacity when used as beams and columns.


25

Explanatory Notes

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Compression resistance For compression members, the design strength should be based on the yield strength of the cold finished section (as given in EN 10219) and not on that of the parent plate. Because of the lower sectional properties and the residual stresses caused by the manufacturing process, a lower column curve (curve C) is used for the cold formed sections compared to curve A for the hot finished sections. This results in a larger reduction of the compression strength. Figure 3 shows the column curves.

"Strut" Curves 300

Compressive strength, N/mm

2

250

Curve A

200

150

Curve C 100

50

0 0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Slenderness ratio,

Note : Please refer to BS 5950 for design

Figure 3 – Compression/Slenderness curves for columns

Web bearing and buckling Formulae for buckling and bearing for hot finished hollow sections can be found in the SCI Publication Design Guide to the BS 5950: Part 1; Volume 1 Section Properties and member capacities and these may also be used for cold formed sections (extract from New Steel Construction, August/September 1998).

Tension, shear and bending Cold formed members in tension, shear, bending and lateral torsional buckling may be treated in the same way as hot finished hollow sections (extract from New Steel Construction, August/September 1998).

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Summary Light gauge open cold formed sections have been widely used for secondary structures of steelframed buildings, such as purlins. Concern is however on the use of the cold formed hollow sections for primary structures. For a cold formed hollow section of the same nominal size, thickness and grade as a hot finished hollow section, the compression capacity dependent on the slenderness, can be 34% lower than for the hot finished section. The application of the current design rules on cold formed hollow sections might lead to optimistic results, because the rounder corner radius for these sections can affect the “web” buckling characteristics of the section.

Most design rules have restrictions on welding of cold formed sections due to the residual stresses that occurs and to avoid corner cracking. The advice is that there should not be direct substitution or interchanging of sections without a capacity checking. To avoid uncertified substitution the designers and quality surveyors have to know how to visually differentiate cold formed and hot finished sections. A few things they should know are:

•

Because of the cold forming process the cold formed sections have a smoother, sometimes oily surface, while the hot finished sections have a rougher surface.

If the sections are blasted or painted the corner radius and weld seam will indicate if the beam/ column is hot finished or cold formed.

•

As mentioned earlier the corner radius of cold formed sections are rounder than the corner radius of hot finished sections.

•

The seam of welded cold formed sections are always on one of the flat sides, with a distance from the corner, and on the same place for all members of the same bundle, but for the hot finished sections the seam can be anywhere on the cross-section.

Fire resistance There are several options to insure the fire resistance of steel structures. While hollow sections can be protected on the inside, the outside or a combination of both, the universal columns can only be protected on the outside.

Externally protected columns For universal columns and unfilled structural hollow sections there are a number of ways to protect the columns, including casing by plasterboards, cementitious sprays, intumescent coatings or pre-formed casings, such as tube-in-tube systems. In all of these cases the fire-protected structural hollow sections will have the minimum area compared to all other similarly loaded columns in other materials.


27

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Internally protected columns Structural hollow sections have the advantage that fire protection material like water or concrete, can be filled inside the columns. It is very simple to design a hollow section with structural grade concrete filling. First, the column is checked for room temperature loading, and then the fire resistance is checked, if required, an external fire protection system is added. This method is very economic as it both minimises the wall thickness of the hollow section, because of the concrete, and reduces the thickness of the external protection system markedly below that of the unfilled section. With use of concrete as internal protection of a structural hollow section, external protection might not be necessary at all. The concrete filling will support the load when the temperature has reached the point where the load bearing capacity of the steel is under the actual forces imposed on the structure. The concrete core is designed to carry the whole of the load at the fire limit-state. Plain concrete filling is suitable for mainly axially loaded columns, while bar reinforced concrete is required for columns with significant moments. For externally protected columns the composite concrete filled, intumescent-coated solution gives the smallest required columns. While for the internally protected columns the bar reinforced concrete filled solution gives the smallest footprint. Among all the four solutions the composite concrete filled, intumescent-coated column gives the most economic solution.

Cost comparisons British Steel in the United Kingdom has made a comparison between different types of fire protection on hollow section columns and other steel sections. The study compared options for a typical 7-storey internal column carrying a loading of 6kN/m2 on a grid layout of 7.2 metres by 6 metres. Where possible steel of design grade S355 was used, in general, this gives the most economical solution for structural steelwork. In the case of internal protection, plain or bar reinforced concrete is assumed. In the case of external protection, fire resistant boards were assumed for non-circular columns, such as universal columns and rectangular/square hollow columns. Three basic design options are possible for column design of structural hollow sections, and British Steel looked at all 3 of them in this study. Option 1: Columns are designed on a floor by floor basis or by grouping two or three storeys together. The lightest steel section is selected for each column lift. This option produces the minimum weight column with sizes reducing through the height of the building. Option 2: Columns are designed as in Option 1, but have constant external dimensions throughout the height of the building. The column at the lowest level is designed for the least weight solution and it is the external dimensions of this section that are used for all other sections at higher levels. At the higher levels, the wall thickness of the hollow sections is progressively reduced. Option 3: Columns are designed as in Option 2, but the type of column selected is optimised for all the columns over the height of the building rather than just the ground floor, as in Option 2. Generally this means that the ground floor column is smaller and thicker than that in Option 2, but the column serial size chosen allows the overall weight of columns to be reduced.

28


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Table 8 and Table 9 compares the costs of UC, CHS and RHS columns for various methods of fire protection. Circled solutions are most economical.

CHS

External Board

Fire Protection Options Intumescent Paint Internal Concrete Filling Circular Hollow Sections Unfilled Composite Plain concrete Bar Reinforced concrete

Columns Options

UC

Option 1

100

111

88

134

88

Option 2

100

159

113

186

107

Option 3

100

111

97

186

107

Table 8 – Fire resistance: Cost comparison – universal columns vs. circular hollows RHS

External Board

Fire Protection Options External Board Intumescent Internal Concrete Filling Paint Rectangular Hollow Sections Unfilled Composite Composite Plain concrete Bar Reinforced concrete

Columns Options

UC

Option 1

100

108

92

90

163

113

Option 2

100

111

121

115

231

123

Option 3

100

111

100

102

231

123

Table 9 – Fire resistance: Cost comparison – universal columns vs. rectangular hollows


29

Explanatory Notes

30

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Universal Beams and Columns General The section sizes of universal beams and columns are given in the tables on the following pages. We have split up the sections in metric and imperial sizes because the sections are rolled after different standard specifications. The tables cover I-beams, IPE- beams, H-beams and HE-beams. The difference between these beams is that the H/HE-beams have wider flange than the I/IPE-beams and therefore look more like the letter H than the letter I, see Figure 4. In our catalogue we put them all together to make it easier to make the ultimate choice.

The standard specifications used for production of universal beams and columns in this region are listed in this table.


31

Explanatory Notes

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Rolling tolerances - EN 10034 : 1993 This European standard specifies tolerances

Flange thickness (t)

on shape dimensions and mass of structural

The deviation from nominal on flange thickness

steel universal beams and columns. These

measured at the quarter flange width point shall

requirements do not apply to taper flange sections.

be within the tolerance given in the following table.

Section Height (h) The deviation from nominal on section height measured at the centre line of web thickness shall

Flange thickness s (mm)

Tolerance (mm)

Less than 6.5

+1.5

-0.5

6.5 up to but excluding 10

+2.0

-1.0

10 up to but excluding 20

+2.5

-1.5


+2.0

-2.0

be within the tolerance given in the following table.

Section Height h (mm)

Tolerance (mm)

Up to and including 180 Greater than 180 up to and including 400 Greater than 400 up to and including 700

+3

-2


+2.5

-2.5

+4

-2


+3.0

-3.0

+5

-3

60 and over

+4.0

-4.0

Greater than 700

+5

-5

y Flange (b)(b) Flangewidth width The from nominal on flange width shall Thedeviation deviation from nominal on flange width be thethe tolerance given given in the following table. bewithin within tolerance in the following

r

table. Flange width b (mm)

Tolerance (mm)


+4

-1

+4

-2

+4

-4

Greater than 325

+6

-5

h

x

x s

b Web (s)(s) Webthickness thickness The on on web thickness Thedeviation deviationfrom fromnominal nominal web thicknes measured at at thethe mid-point of dimension (h) shall measured mid-point of dimension (h)

bewithin within tolerance in the following be thethe tolerance givengiven in the following table. table. Web thickness s (mm)

32

Tolerance (mm)

Less than 7

+0.7

-0.7


+1.0

-1.0


+1.5

-1.5


+2.0

-2.0


+2.5

-2.5

60 and over

+3.0

-3.0


y

d

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Out-of-squareness (k + k')

Straightness (qxx or qyy)

The out-of-squareness of the section shall not

The straightness shall comply with the requirements given

exceed the maximum given in the following table.

in the following table.

g

g

Flange width b (mm) Up to and including 110 Greater than 325

q

Tolerance (mm)

g

Section height h (mm) Greater than 80 up to and including 180 Greater than 180 up to and including 360

1.5 2% of b (maximum 6.5mm

○

g Tolerance qxx or qyy on length L (%)

Greater than 360

0.30 L 0.15 L 0.1 L

Web off-centre (e) on mass The mid-thickness of the web shall not deviate from the mid-width position on the flange by more than the distance (e) given in the following table.

Flange width b (mm)

Web offcentre where e= (b1-b2)/2

The deviation from the nominal mass of a batch or a

T < 40

T 40

Tolerance on mass


+4

Greater than 325

+6

piece shall not exceed ± 4.0%.

+4 +4

The mass deviation is the difference between the actual mass of the batch or a piece and the calculated mass. The calculated mass shall be determined using a density of 7850kg/m3 Tolerance on length The sections shall be cut to ordered lengths to

b1

b2

tolerances of a. ± 50mm or b.+ 100mm where minimum lengths are requested L represents the longest useable length of the section assuming that the ends of the section have been cut square.

b Continental Steel Pte Ltd

33

UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B

Universal Beams and Columns

n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Metric units

b

Designation Size Mass Per Metre mm 100x50 100x100

125x60 125x125 150x75 150x100 150x150

175x90 175x125 175x175

200x100

200x150

200x200

250x125

250x175

250x250

300x150

34

kg/m 9.30 14.8 16.9 17.2 13.2 23.6 23.8 14.0 20.7 21.1 31.1 31.5 37.4 18.0 18.1 23.3 32.8 40.2 40.4 17.8 18.2 20.9 21.3 29.9 30.6 36.9 41.4 49.9 57.8 65.7 25.1 25.7 29.0 29.6 43.6 44.1 51.6 59.1 66.5 71.8 72.4 98.1 25.0 32.0 36.7 41.4 46.2 69.0

Depth Width Of Of Section Section D

B

mm 100 100 100 100 125 125 125 150 148 148 150 150 154 175 175 169 171 175 175 198 198 200 200 194 194 198 196 200 204 208 248 248 250 250 244 244 248 252 248 250 250 260 294 298 300 304 306 318

mm 50 100 100 100 60 125 125 75 100 100 150 150 151 90 90 125 174 175 175 99 99 100 100 150 150 151 199 200 201 202 124 124 125 125 175 175 176 177 249 250 250 253 148 149 150 150 151 154

Thickness

Flange Web T t mm 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 7 9 9 10 10 12 8 8 8 9 11 11 7 7 8 8 9 9 11 10 12 14 16 8 8 9 9 11 11 13 15 13 14 14 19 6 8 9 11 12 18

mm 5 5 6 6 6 6.5 6.5 5 6 6 7 7 8 5 5 5.5 6 7.5 7.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 7 6.5 8 9 10 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 8 9 9 12 4.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 7.5 11

Root Depth Radius Between Fillets

Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 8 10 8 10 9 8 10 8 8 11 8 11 11 8 9 12 12 12 13 8 11 8 11 8 13 13 13 13 13 13 8 12 8 12 13 16 16 16 16 13 16 16 16 13 13 13 13 13

mm 70 66 68 64 91 91 87 120 114 108 114 108 108 143 141 129 129 129 127 168 162 168 162 160 150 150 150 150 150 150 216 208 216 208 196 190 190 190 190 196 190 190 250 256 256 256 256 256

cm2 11.8 19.2 21.6 21.9 16.8 30.0 30.3 17.8 26.3 26.8 39.6 40.1 47.7 22.9 23.0 29.7 41.7 51.2 51.4 22.7 23.2 26.7 27.2 38.1 39.0 47.0 52.7 63.5 73.6 83.7 32.0 32.7 37.0 37.7 55.5 56.2 65.7 75.3 84.7 91.4 92.2 125 32.6 40.8 46.8 52.8 58.8 87.9

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 3.57 7.14 6.25 6.25 3.75 6.94 6.94 5.36 5.56 5.56 7.50 7.50 6.29 5.63 5.63 7.81 9.67 7.95 7.95 7.07 7.07 6.25 6.25 8.33 8.33 6.86 9.95 8.33 7.18 6.31 7.75 7.75 6.94 6.94 7.95 7.95 6.77 5.90 9.58 8.93 8.93 6.66 12.3 9.31 8.33 6.82 6.29 4.28


14.0 13.2 11.3 10.7 15.2 14.0 13.4 24.0 19.0 18.0 16.3 15.4 13.5 28.6 28.2 23.5 21.5 17.2 16.9 37.3 36.0 30.5 29.5 26.7 25.0 21.4 23.1 18.8 16.7 15.0 43.2 41.6 36.0 34.7 28.0 27.1 23.8 21.1 23.8 21.8 21.1 15.8 55.6 46.5 39.4 39.4 34.1 23.3

Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C

N

n

mm 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 7 7 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 6 7 7 8 4 5 5 5 6 8

mm 33 58 57 57 37 69 69 45 57 57 82 82 82 53 53 70 94 94 94 57 57 57 57 82 82 82 106 106 106 106 70 70 70 70 94 94 94 94 131 131 131 131 82 82 82 82 82 82

mm 15 17 16 18 17 17 19 15 17 20 18 21 23 16 17 20 21 23 24 15 18 16 19 17 22 24 23 25 27 29 16 20 17 21 24 27 29 31 29 27 30 35 22 21 22 24 25 31

Notch

UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

x

Metric units Designation Surface Size Unit Area Weight Per Metre mm 100x50 100x100

125x60 125x125 150x75 150x100 150x150

175x90 175x125 175x175

200x100

200x150

200x200

250x125

250x175

250x250

300x150

kg/m 9.3 14.8 16.9 17.2 13.2 23.6 23.8 14.0 20.7 21.1 31.1 31.5 37.4 18.0 18.1 23.3 32.8 40.2 40.4 17.8 18.2 20.9 21.3 29.9 30.6 36.9 41.4 49.9 57.8 65.7 25.1 25.7 29.0 29.6 43.6 44.1 51.6 59.1 66.5 71.8 72.4 98.1 25.0 32.0 36.7 41.4 46.2 69.0

m2 0.376 0.570 0.574 0.571 0.463 0.723 0.720 0.576 0.670 0.665 0.872 0.867 0.877 0.686 0.685 0.806 1.01 1.01 1.01 0.769 0.764 0.775 0.770 0.962 0.954 0.964 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 0.968 0.961 0.974 0.967 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.45 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.14 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.21

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 188 344 378 383 413 840 847 666 1003 1021 1623 1641 2018 1205 1214 1529 2304 2884 2895 1543 1582 1806 1844 2625 2690 3331 3846 4716 5603 6531 3450 3537 3965 4052 6037 6122 7308 8541 9931 10750 10830 15340 4940 6318 7210 8578 9514 14820

cm4 14.8 117.0 134 134 29.2 293 294 49.5 150 151 563 563 690 97.5 97.6 261 791 984 984 113 114 134 134 507 507 633 1315 1602 1897 2201 255 255 294 294 984 985 1184 1390 3348 3648 3649 5134 326 442 508 620 691 1100

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

x-x

y-y

cm 3.98 4.20 4.18 4.18 4.95 5.29 5.29 6.11 6.17 6.17 6.40 6.39 6.51 7.26 7.26 7.18 7.43 7.50 7.50 8.25 8.26 8.23 8.24 8.30 8.30 8.42 8.54 8.62 8.73 8.83 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.8 11.1 12.3 12.4 12.4 12.7 12.7 13.0

cm3 37.5 69.0 75.6 76.5 66.1 134 136 88.8 135 138 216 219 262 138 139 181 269 330 331 156 160 181 184 271 277 336 392 472 549 628 278 285 317 324 495 502 589 678 801 860 867 1180 336 424 481 564 622 932

cm3 5.93 23.0 26.7 26.8 9.75 46.9 47.0 13.2 30.1 30.1 75.1 75.1 91.4 21.7 21.7 41.8 90.9 112 112 22.9 23.0 26.7 26.8 67.6 67.7 83.8 132 160 189 218 41.1 41.1 47.0 47.0 112 113 135 157 269 292 292 406 44.0 59.4 67.7 82.7 91.5 143

cm3 44.1 78.0 86.4 87.6 77.6 152 154 102 154 157 243 246 298 156 157 202 298 369 370 175 180 205 209 301 309 377 433 525 617 710 312 319 358 366 550 558 660 764 883 953 960 1330 375 475 542 633 702 1070

cm3 9.5 36.0 41.0 41.2 15.7 71.7 71.9 20.8 46.4 46.7 114 115 140 33.6 33.7 64.3 138 171 172 35.5 35.7 41.6 41.9 103 104 128 201 244 287 332 63.2 63.6 72.7 73.1 172 173 207 241 408 443 444 618 68.4 91.8 105 128 142 223

cm 1.12 2.47 2.49 2.47 1.32 3.13 3.11 1.67 2.39 2.37 3.77 3.75 3.80 2.06 2.06 2.97 4.35 4.38 4.37 2.24 2.22 2.24 2.22 3.65 3.61 3.67 5.00 5.02 5.08 5.13 2.82 2.79 2.82 2.79 4.21 4.19 4.24 4.30 6.29 6.32 6.29 6.41 3.16 3.29 3.29 3.43 3.43 3.54

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y


Buckling Torsional Parameter Index

u 0.876 0.843 0.836 0.837 0.872 0.839 0.840 0.876 0.880 0.881 0.841 0.842 0.845 0.885 0.885 0.879 0.845 0.844 0.845 0.883 0.884 0.878 0.880 0.876 0.878 0.879 0.847 0.846 0.847 0.848 0.884 0.886 0.880 0.881 0.883 0.884 0.884 0.885 0.850 0.847 0.848 0.849 0.878 0.880 0.876 0.888 0.884 0.884

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

x

H

J

12.7 12.3 11.1 10.7 14.0 12.8 12.5 20.4 15.8 15.0 14.1 13.7 11.8 21.8 21.4 19.1 17.5 14.7 14.5 28.4 26.5 24.9 23.6 21.2 19.8 16.9 18.2 15.5 13.6 12.2 32.0 29.9 28.4 26.9 21.3 20.5 18.0 16.0 17.9 17.1 16.7 12.8 39.7 35.6 32.0 27.8 25.6 17.9

dm6 0.000320 0.00253 0.00283 0.00283 0.00100 0.00987 0.00988 0.00253 0.00727 0.00728 0.0276 0.0276 0.0348 0.00680 0.00680 0.0169 0.0519 0.0662 0.0662 0.0103 0.0104 0.0123 0.0124 0.0434 0.0434 0.0553 0.114 0.142 0.171 0.203 0.0367 0.0367 0.0426 0.0427 0.134 0.134 0.163 0.195 0.462 0.508 0.508 0.745 0.0676 0.0930 0.107 0.133 0.149 0.248

cm4 2.03 3.53 4.73 5.17 3.75 7.91 8.43 2.81 6.56 7.37 12.5 13.5 22.2 4.31 4.50 6.76 11.5 20.4 21.0 3.30 3.86 5.08 5.77 9.32 10.9 18.5 17.6 29.8 45.8 66.7 5.78 6.74 8.51 9.68 21.2 23.2 36.1 53.2 46.7 55.8 58.7 141 5.51 8.65 12.4 18.8 24.9 79.0

35



n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Metric units

b

Designation Size Mass Per Metre mm 300x200

300x300

350x175

350x250

350x350

400x200

400x300

400x400

36

kg/m 48.3 55.8 56.8 65.4 77.3 87.0 93.0 94.0 106 125 130 147 41.2 41.4 49.4 49.6 57.8 66.2 71.8 79.7 69.2 78.1 79.7 94.2 108 113 115 135 137 159 181 56.1 56.6 65.4 66.0 75.5 88.2 140 187 94.3 105 107 127 144 140 147 172 200 232 283 415 605


B

mm 290 294 294 298 304 298 300 300 304 310 310 312 346 346 350 350 354 358 360 364 336 340 340 346 350 344 344 350 350 356 362 396 396 400 400 404 410 430 446 386 390 390 396 402 388 394 400 406 414 428 458 498

mm 199 200 200 201 202 299 300 300 301 303 305 310 174 174 175 175 176 177 178 177 249 250 250 251 253 348 354 350 350 352 354 199 199 200 200 201 202 208 214 299 300 300 302 303 402 398 400 403 405 407 417 432


Thickness

Flange Web T t mm 10 12 12 14 17 14 15 15 17 20 20 21 9 9 11 11 13 15 16 18 12 14 14 17 19 16 16 19 19 22 25 11 11 13 13 15 18 28 36 14 16 16 19 22 15 18 21 24 28 35 50 70

mm 7 8 8 9 10 9 10 10 11 13 15 20 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 8 9 9 10 12 10 10 12 12 14 16 7 7 8 8 9 10 16 22 9 10 10 12 13 15 11 13 16 18 20 30 45

Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 18 13 18 18 18 18 13 18 18 18 18 18 13 14 13 14 14 14 14 14 20 13 20 20 20 13 20 13 20 20 20 13 16 13 16 16 16 16 16 22 13 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22

mm 234 244 234 234 234 234 244 234 234 234 234 234 302 300 302 300 300 300 300 300 272 286 272 272 272 286 272 286 272 272 272 348 342 348 342 342 342 342 342 314 332 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314

cm2 61.5 71.1 72.4 83.4 98.5 111 118 120 135 159 165 187 52.5 52.7 62.9 63.1 73.7 84.3 91.4 101 88.2 100 102 120 137 144 148 172 174 202 230 71.4 72.2 83.4 84.1 96.2 112 179 239 120 133 136 162 184 178 187 219 255 295 361 529 770

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 9.95 8.33 8.33 7.18 5.94 10.7 10.0 10.0 8.85 7.58 7.63 7.38 9.67 9.67 7.95 7.95 6.77 5.90 5.56 4.92 10.4 8.93 8.93 7.38 6.66 10.9 11.1 9.21 9.21 8.00 7.08 9.05 9.05 7.69 7.69 6.70 5.61 3.71 2.97 10.7 9.38 9.38 7.95 6.89 13.4 11.1 9.52 8.40 7.23 5.81 4.17 3.09


33.4 30.5 29.3 26.0 23.4 26.0 24.4 23.4 21.3 18.0 15.6 11.7 50.3 50.0 43.1 42.9 37.5 33.3 30.0 27.3 34.0 31.8 30.2 27.2 22.7 28.6 27.2 23.8 22.7 19.4 17.0 49.7 48.9 43.5 42.8 38.0 34.2 21.4 15.5 34.9 33.2 31.4 26.2 24.2 20.9 28.5 24.2 19.6 17.4 15.7 10.5 7.0


N

n

mm 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 10 12 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 6 7 7 7 8 7 7 8 8 9 10 6 6 6 6 7 7 10 13 7 7 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 17 25

mm 106 106 106 106 106 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 93 131 131 131 131 131 179 182 179 179 179 179 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 155 155 155 155 155 204 204 204 204 204 204 204 204

mm 28 25 30 32 35 32 28 33 35 38 38 39 22 23 24 25 27 29 30 32 32 27 34 37 39 29 36 32 39 42 45 24 27 26 29 31 34 44 52 36 29 38 41 44 37 40 43 46 50 57 72 92

Notch


Metric units

y

Designation Surface Size Unit Area Weight Per Metre mm 300x200

300x300

350x175

350x250

350x350

400x200

400x300

400x400

kg/m 48.3 55.8 56.8 65.4 77.3 87.0 93.0 94.0 106 125 130 147 41.2 41.4 49.4 49.6 57.8 66.2 71.8 79.7 69.2 78.1 79.7 94.2 108 113 115 135 137 159 181 56.1 56.6 65.4 66.0 75.5 88.2 140 187 94.3 105 107 127 144 140 147 172 200 232 283 415 605

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

x

m2 1.33 1.35 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.39 1.62 1.64 1.63 1.64 1.65 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.06 2.07 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.63 1.68 1.91 1.94 1.92 1.94 1.95 2.32 2.32 2.34 2.35 2.37 2.41 2.49 2.60

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 9431 11110 11340 13310 16280 18850 20190 20410 23380 28130 28630 31370 11040 11100 13500 13560 16100 18710 20240 22760 18510 21230 21680 26440 30190 32850 33810 39847 40300 47590 55190 19770 20020 23460 23710 27490 33060 54850 75250 33680 37860 38680 46660 54420 48970 56150 66620 78040 92770 119200 187100 297900

cm4 1317 1602 1604 1900 2341 6242 6753 6756 7733 9282 9470 10450 792 792 984 985 1184 1390 1508 1669 3093 3649 3652 4488 5138 11240 11840 13583 13590 16000 18500 1447 1448 1736 1737 2035 2478 4216 5919 6246 7204 7210 8735 10220 16260 18930 22420 26200 31030 39360 60530 94360

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.9 13.0 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.2 13.0 14.5 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.9 15.0 14.5 14.6 14.6 14.8 14.8 15.1 15.1 15.2 15.2 15.3 15.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.5 17.8 16.7 16.9 16.9 17.0 17.2 16.6 17.3 17.5 17.5 17.7 18.2 18.8 19.7

cm 4.63 4.75 4.71 4.77 4.88 7.51 7.55 7.51 7.57 7.64 7.57 7.48 3.88 3.88 3.96 3.95 4.01 4.06 4.06 4.06 5.92 6.05 6.00 6.12 6.12 8.84 8.95 8.89 8.84 8.90 8.96 4.50 4.48 4.56 4.54 4.60 4.70 4.86 4.98 7.21 7.35 7.28 7.35 7.45 9.55 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.7 11.1

Elastic Modulus Axis x-x cm3 650 756 771 893 1071 1265 1346 1361 1538 1815 1847 2011 638 641 771 775 909 1045 1124 1250 1102 1249 1275 1528 1725 1910 1966 2277 2303 2674 3049 999 1011 1173 1185 1361 1612 2551 3374 1745 1942 1983 2357 2707 2524 2850 3331 3844 4482 5570 8172 11960

Axis y-y

Plastic Modulus

x-x

cm3 cm3 132 721 160 842 160 859 189 1000 232 1204 418 1389 450 1484 450 1501 514 1705 613 2031 621 2079 674 2295 91.0 712 91.0 716 113 864 113 868 135 1022 157 1180 169 1276 189 1425 248 1215 292 1382 292 1412 358 1699 406 1935 646 2092 669 2153 776 2515 776 2545 909 2979 1045 3424 145 1114 145 1128 174 1313 174 1326 202 1528 245 1815 405 2941 553 3968 418 1918 480 2141 481 2188 578 2620 674 3022 809 2802 951 3118 1121 3672 1300 4280 1532 5026 1934 6311 2903 9540 4369 14460

y-y cm3 203 245 247 291 356 634 683 684 781 932 949 1040 140 140 173 174 208 243 263 293 380 445 447 547 623 978 1014 1176 1179 1382 1591 223 224 267 268 312 378 632 873 637 730 733 884 1030 1237 1441 1700 1977 2331 2941 4436 6724



u 0.882 0.882 0.883 0.884 0.888 0.850 0.847 0.848 0.849 0.849 0.842 0.830 0.881 0.882 0.883 0.884 0.885 0.886 0.883 0.884 0.881 0.881 0.882 0.886 0.882 0.848 0.846 0.847 0.849 0.848 0.848 0.883 0.884 0.885 0.886 0.887 0.891 0.887 0.883 0.880 0.879 0.881 0.880 0.883 0.830 0.850 0.850 0.846 0.848 0.854 0.853 0.852

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

x

H

J

26.0 24.0 22.7 20.1 17.2 20.0 19.4 18.8 16.9 14.6 14.4 13.0 38.1 37.5 32.2 31.8 27.6 24.4 22.9 20.6 25.8 24.2 22.8 19.5 17.6 21.1 20.4 18.0 17.5 15.4 13.7 36.8 35.6 31.8 30.9 27.4 23.4 15.7 12.5 25.8 24.5 23.2 20.0 17.7 22.5 20.9 18.2 16.1 14.1 11.6 8.5 6.4

dm6 0.258 0.319 0.319 0.383 0.482 1.26 1.37 1.37 1.59 1.95 1.99 2.21 0.225 0.225 0.283 0.283 0.344 0.409 0.446 0.499 0.812 0.969 0.970 1.21 1.41 3.02 3.18 3.72 3.72 4.46 5.25 0.536 0.536 0.650 0.650 0.770 0.952 1.70 2.49 2.16 2.52 2.52 3.10 3.69 5.66 6.69 8.05 9.56 11.6 15.2 25.2 43.2

cm4 22.8 31.4 35.8 53.4 87.8 71.3 82.1 88.1 125 200 215 298 13.2 13.6 22.4 23.0 36.1 53.6 66.3 91.3 44.6 58.0 66.3 109 155 111 123 186 199 305 445 25.0 27.1 39.6 42.2 62.3 101 373 825 79.9 100 114 185 272 156 194 303 462 714 1317 3885 11060

37



n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Metric units

b

Designation Size Mass Per Metre mm 450x200

450x300

500x200

500x300

600x200

600x300

700x300

800x300

900x300

38

kg/m 65.1 66.2 74.9 76.0 88.9 98.9 110 106 121 124 145 77.9 79.5 88.2 89.6 102 103 117 111 114 125 128 150 79.0 92.5 94.6 103 106 118 120 134 133 137 147 151 170 175 203 217 166 182 185 215 191 207 210 241 267 210 213 240 243 283 286 304 307


B

mm 446 446 450 450 456 460 460 434 440 440 446 496 496 500 500 506 506 512 482 482 488 488 494 592 596 596 600 600 606 606 612 582 582 588 588 594 594 602 608 692 700 700 708 792 800 800 808 816 890 890 900 900 912 912 918 918

mm 199 199 200 200 201 202 205 299 300 300 302 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 300 300 300 300 302 197 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 300 300 300 300 302 302 304 304 300 300 300 302 300 300 300 302 303 299 299 300 300 302 302 303 303


Thickness

Flange Web T t mm 12 12 14 14 17 19 19 15 18 18 21 14 14 16 16 19 19 22 15 15 18 18 21 13 15 15 17 17 20 20 23 17 17 20 20 23 23 27 30 20 24 24 28 22 26 26 30 34 23 23 28 28 34 34 37 37

mm 8 8 9 9 10 11 14 10 11 11 13 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 11 11 11 11 13 8 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 12 12 12 12 14 14 16 16 13 13 13 15 14 14 14 16 17 15 15 16 16 18 18 19 19

Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 13 18 13 18 18 18 18 24 13 24 24 13 20 13 20 13 20 20 13 26 13 26 26 22 13 22 13 22 13 22 22 13 28 13 28 13 28 28 28 28 18 28 28 28 18 28 28 28 18 28 18 28 18 28 18 28

mm 396 386 396 386 386 386 386 356 378 356 356 442 428 442 428 442 428 428 426 400 426 400 400 522 540 522 540 522 540 522 522 522 492 522 492 522 492 492 492 596 616 596 596 692 712 692 692 692 808 788 808 788 808 788 808 788

cm2 83.0 84.3 95.4 96.8 113 126 140 135 154 157 184 99 101 112 114 129 131 148 141 146 159 164 191 101 118 120 132 134 150 152 171 169 174 187 192 217 222 259 277 211 232 235 274 243 264 267 308 340 267 271 306 310 360 364 387 391

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 8.29 8.29 7.14 7.14 5.91 5.32 5.39 9.97 8.33 8.33 7.19 7.11 7.11 6.25 6.25 5.29 5.29 4.59 10.0 10.0 8.33 8.33 7.19 7.58 6.63 6.63 5.88 5.88 5.03 5.03 4.39 8.82 8.82 7.50 7.50 6.57 6.57 5.63 5.07 7.50 6.25 6.25 5.39 6.82 5.77 5.77 5.03 4.46 6.50 6.50 5.36 5.36 4.44 4.44 4.09 4.09


49.5 48.3 44.0 42.9 38.6 35.1 27.6 35.6 34.4 32.4 27.4 49.1 47.6 44.2 42.8 40.2 38.9 35.7 38.7 36.4 38.7 36.4 30.8 65.3 54.0 52.2 49.1 47.5 45.0 43.5 40.2 43.5 41.0 43.5 41.0 37.3 35.1 30.8 30.8 45.8 47.4 45.8 39.7 49.4 50.9 49.4 43.3 40.7 53.9 52.5 50.5 49.3 44.9 43.8 42.5 41.5


N

n

mm 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 7 8 8 9 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 10 11 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12

mm 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 155 155 155 155 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 155 155 155 155 155 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 153 153 153 153 153 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152

mm 25 30 27 32 35 37 37 39 31 42 45 27 34 29 36 32 39 42 28 41 31 44 47 35 28 37 30 39 33 42 45 30 45 33 48 36 51 55 58 48 42 52 56 50 44 54 58 62 41 51 46 56 52 62 55 65

Notch


Metric units

y

Designation Surface Size Unit Area Weight Per Metre mm 450x200

450x300

500x200

500x300

600x200

600x300

700x300

800x300

900x300

kg/m 65.1 66.2 74.9 76.0 88.9 98.9 110 106 121 124 145 77.9 79.5 88.2 89.6 102 103 117 111 114 125 128 150 79.0 92.5 94.6 103 106 118 120 134 133 137 147 151 170 175 203 217 166 182 185 215 191 207 210 241 267 210 213 240 243 283 286 304 307

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

x

m2 1.65 1.64 1.66 1.65 1.67 1.68 1.68 2.00 2.04 2.02 2.03 1.75 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.77 1.76 1.77 2.12 2.10 2.13 2.11 2.13 1.92 1.95 1.93 1.96 1.94 1.97 1.95 1.97 2.32 2.29 2.33 2.30 2.35 2.32 2.34 2.35 2.51 2.54 2.53 2.55 2.71 2.74 2.72 2.74 2.76 2.92 2.90 2.94 2.92 2.97 2.95 2.98 2.96

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 28130 28700 32890 33450 40400 45430 47860 46800 54730 56070 66380 40840 41870 46810 47850 55480 56520 65450 58270 60370 68860 70960 83810 58240 66640 68720 75560 77630 88320 90400 103500 98950 102700 114400 118100 133600 137300 162600 179300 172400 197500 201500 237100 253600 286400 291700 339200 383600 338500 345300 404500 411300 491000 497800 535400 542200

cm4 1579 1581 1870 1872 2308 2619 2742 6695 8106 8114 9658 1843 1846 2138 2142 2578 2582 3035 6756 6768 8106 8118 9663 1665 1976 1982 2274 2280 2716 2723 3178 7659 7675 9009 9025 10570 10590 12680 14090 9030 10820 10830 12890 9936 11720 11740 13820 15820 10280 10290 12630 12650 15660 15670 17210 17230

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.9 19.0 18.5 18.6 18.9 18.9 19.0 20.3 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.7 20.7 21.0 20.3 20.4 20.8 20.8 20.9 24.1 23.8 23.9 24.0 24.0 24.3 24.3 24.6 24.2 24.3 24.7 24.8 24.8 24.9 25.1 25.4 28.6 29.2 29.3 29.4 32.3 33.0 33.0 33.2 33.6 35.6 35.7 36.4 36.4 36.9 37.0 37.2 37.2

cm 4.36 4.33 4.43 4.40 4.51 4.56 4.43 7.04 7.26 7.18 7.24 4.31 4.27 4.36 4.33 4.47 4.43 4.52 6.92 6.82 7.14 7.05 7.11 4.07 4.10 4.06 4.16 4.12 4.26 4.23 4.32 6.73 6.63 6.94 6.85 6.98 6.90 7.00 7.13 6.53 6.83 6.78 6.86 6.39 6.67 6.62 6.70 6.82 6.20 6.16 6.43 6.39 6.59 6.56 6.67 6.63

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

x-x

y-y

cm3 1262 1287 1462 1487 1772 1975 2081 2157 2488 2549 2977 1647 1688 1872 1914 2193 2234 2557 2418 2505 2822 2908 3393 1968 2236 2306 2519 2588 2915 2983 3382 3400 3530 3889 4018 4497 4624 5401 5896 4984 5643 5757 6699 6405 7159 7292 8397 9402 7608 7760 8989 9139 10770 10920 11660 11810

cm3 159 159 187 187 230 259 268 448 540 541 640 185 186 214 214 257 257 300 450 451 540 541 640 169 199 199 227 228 270 271 315 511 512 601 602 700 701 834 927 602 721 722 854 662 781 782 915 1044 687 688 842 843 1037 1038 1136 1137

cm3 1423 1450 1652 1679 2003 2240 2399 2384 2757 2825 3323 1869 1914 2130 2175 2496 2541 2913 2696 2791 3132 3228 3792 2239 2576 2651 2904 2979 3357 3432 3893 3822 3963 4348 4489 5057 5197 6101 6653 5629 6338 6464 7559 7288 8098 8243 9534 10680 8750 8913 10290 10450 12340 12500 13380 13540

cm3 245 247 290 291 356 403 423 686 823 828 981 288 290 333 335 399 401 469 690 695 825 830 984 265 312 315 358 361 426 429 498 786 793 921 928 1077 1085 1292 1431 936 1110 1116 1323 1036 1210 1216 1426 1625 1079 1085 1317 1324 1622 1629 1778 1785



u 0.876 0.878 0.878 0.879 0.884 0.885 0.869 0.883 0.885 0.887 0.886 0.874 0.876 0.875 0.877 0.880 0.881 0.884 0.877 0.880 0.887 0.889 0.888 0.870 0.861 0.864 0.863 0.865 0.868 0.870 0.873 0.876 0.879 0.886 0.888 0.885 0.887 0.888 0.893 0.878 0.887 0.889 0.889 0.873 0.882 0.883 0.883 0.887 0.863 0.865 0.872 0.873 0.876 0.877 0.878 0.879

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

x

H

J

38.4 36.5 33.6 32.2 27.5 25.0 23.9 27.0 24.9 23.4 20.5 37.5 35.2 33.3 31.6 28.7 27.5 24.3 32.4 29.4 28.0 25.9 22.8 45.2 42.9 39.7 38.4 36.0 33.4 31.7 28.3 35.5 32.1 31.2 28.8 27.3 25.5 22.3 20.5 34.3 31.4 30.0 26.3 36.8 33.9 32.5 28.7 25.8 42.2 40.2 35.9 34.5 30.1 29.3 27.9 27.2

dm6 0.744 0.744 0.889 0.890 1.11 1.27 1.33 2.94 3.61 3.61 4.36 1.07 1.07 1.25 1.25 1.53 1.53 1.82 3.68 3.69 4.48 4.48 5.40 1.40 1.67 1.67 1.93 1.94 2.33 2.34 2.76 6.11 6.13 7.27 7.28 8.62 8.63 10.5 11.8 10.2 12.4 12.4 14.9 14.7 17.6 17.6 20.9 24.2 19.3 19.3 24.0 24.0 30.2 30.2 33.4 33.4

cm4 33.9 38.3 51.6 56.9 92.5 126 152 104 141 163 253 52.5 60.8 75.9 85.9 119 132 193 93.9 118 143 172 265 53.0 69.2 82.4 97.3 113 147 167 237 137 173 199 241 304 356 551 702 260 343 383 588 341 440 486 726 1003 361 403 580 633 979 1050 1234 1316

39

38



n

r N

t

d

D

T

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

C

Imperial units

b

Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W4-4x4 (102x102) W5-5x3 (127x76) W5-5x5 (127x127) W6-6x3 (152x76) W6-6x3 1/2 (152x89) W6-6x4 (152x102) W6-6x6 (152X152)

W7-7x 3 1/2 (178x89) W7-7x4 (178x102) W8-8x4 (203x102)

W8-8x5 1/4 (203x133)

W8-8x6 1/2 (203x165) W8-8x8 (203x203)

W10-10x4 (254x102)

40

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

Thickness

Root Radius

Depth Between Fillets

Area Of Section

r

d

A

Flange Web

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t


N

n

mm 58 57 56 46

mm 15 15 18 15

Notch

lb/ft 13 13.8 16.3 9

kg/m 19.4 21.0 24.0 13.0

mm 105.7 102.0 107.0 127.0

mm 103.1 102.0 100.0 76.0

mm 8.8 9.4 12.0 7.6

mm 7.1 8.0 7.9 4.0

mm 6.4 6.0 6.0 7.6

mm 75.5 71.2 71.0 96.6

cm2 24.7 26.1 30.9 16.5

5.88 5.43 4.17 5.00

10.6 8.90 8.99 24.2

mm 6 6 6 4

16 19 9 12 11

23.8 28.3 14.0 18.0 16.0

127.3 130.8 150.0 155.0 152.4

127.0 127.8 75.0 75.0 88.7

9.1 10.9 7.0 8.5 7.7

6.1 6.9 5.0 6.0 4.5

7.6 7.6 8.0 8.0 7.6

93.8 93.8 120.0 122.0 121.8

30.4 35.8 17.8 21.6 20.3

6.95 5.86 5.36 4.41 5.76

15.4 13.7 24.0 20.3 27.1

5 5 5 5 4

70 70 45 45 52

17 19 15 17 15

9 12 16 15 15.7 20 25 11 12 15 13

13.4 17.9 23.8 22.3 23.0 30.0 37.0 16.1 18.1 22.2 19.0

149.9 153.2 159.5 152.1 152.4 157.6 161.8 173.0 175.0 179.0 177.8

100.1 101.6 102.4 152.1 152.2 152.9 154.4 90.0 90.0 90.0 101.2

5.5 7.1 10.2 6.6 6.8 9.4 11.5 7.0 8.0 10.0 7.9

4.3 5.8 6.6 5.8 5.8 6.5 8.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 4.8

6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 7.6 7.6 7.6 8.9 8.9 8.9 7.6

126.3 126.3 126.4 126.2 123.6 123.6 123.6 141.2 141.2 141.2 146.8

17.3 22.9 30.4 28.5 29.2 38.3 47.1 20.4 23.0 28.2 24.3

9.17 7.14 5.02 11.5 11.2 8.13 6.71 6.43 5.63 4.50 6.41

29.2 21.6 19.2 21.6 21.3 19.0 15.5 31.4 28.2 23.5 30.6

4 5 5 5 5 5 6 4 5 5 4

58 58 58 83 83 83 83 53 53 52 58

12 13 17 13 14 17 19 16 17 19 16

10 13 15 16 14 15 17 18 20 21 24 28 31 35 40 48 58 67 12 15 17 19

14.9 19.4 22.3 23.1 21.0 22.3 25.1 26.8 30.0 31.3 35.7 41.7 46.1 52.0 60.0 71.0 86.1 99.7 17.9 22.0 25.2 28.3

200.4 202.9 206.0 203.2 203.0 202.0 203.2 206.8 206.8 210.3 201.4 204.7 203.2 206.2 209.6 215.8 222.2 228.6 250.7 254.0 257.2 260.4

100.1 101.6 102.0 101.8 133.0 133.0 133.2 133.3 133.9 133.9 165.0 166.0 203.6 204.3 205.8 206.4 209.1 210.3 100.6 101.6 101.9 102.2

5.2 6.5 8.0 9.3 6.4 7.0 7.8 8.4 9.6 10.1 10.1 11.8 11.0 12.5 14.2 17.3 20.5 23.8 5.3 6.8 8.4 10.0

4.3 5.8 6.2 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.2 7.2 7.2 7.9 9.4 10.0 12.7 14.5 4.8 5.7 6.0 6.3

7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 8.0 8.9 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6

174.7 174.7 174.8 169.4 174.2 170.2 172.4 174.8 172.4 174.9 160.8 160.7 160.8 160.8 160.8 160.8 160.8 160.7 224.8 225.2 225.2 225.2

19.1 24.8 28.6 29.4 27.1 28.7 32.0 33.9 38.2 39.6 45.5 53.2 58.7 66.3 76.4 90.4 110 127 22.8 28.0 32.0 36.1

9.61 7.84 6.38 5.47 10.39 9.50 8.54 7.95 6.97 6.63 8.17 7.03 9.25 8.17 7.25 5.97 5.10 4.43 9.44 7.47 6.07 5.11

40.4 29.9 28.1 31.4 34.8 34.0 30.2 29.9 26.9 27.5 25.9 22.2 22.3 20.4 17.1 16.1 12.7 11.1 46.5 39.5 37.5 35.7

4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 4 5 5 5

58 58 58 58 74 74 74 74 74 74 89 89 108 108 108 108 108 108 58 58 58 58

13 14 16 17 14 16 15 16 17 18 20 22 21 23 24 28 31 34 13 14 16 18


39


x

Imperial units

y

Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W4-4x4 (102x102) W5-5x3 (127x76) W5-5x5 (127x127) W6-6x3 (152x76) W6-6x3 1/2 (152x89) W6-6x4 (152x102) W6-6x6 (152X152)

W7-7x 3 1/2 (178x89) W7-7x4 (178x102) W8-8x4 (203x102)

W8-8x5 1/4 (203x133)

W8-8x6 1/2 (203x165) W8-8x8 (203x203)

W10-10x4 (254x102)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft kg/m 13 19.4 13.8 21.0 16.3 24.0 9 13.0

Surface Area per Metre

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y


Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

m2 0.599 0.586 0.588 0.537

cm4 472 456 587 473

cm4 160 167 200 55.8

cm 4.38 4.18 4.36 5.35

cm 2.55 2.53 2.55 1.84

cm3 89.4 89.4 110 74.6

cm3 31.1 32.7 40.1 14.7

cm3 103 104 129 84.2

cm3 47.8 50.4 61.5 22.6

Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

u

x

H

J

0.836 0.827 0.844 0.895

10.9 9.61 8.13 16.3

dm6 0.00377 0.00357 0.00452 0.00199

cm4 6.29 7.78 13.5 2.85

16 19 9 12 11

23.8 28.3 14.0 18.0 16.0

0.737 0.746 0.576 0.584 0.638

892 1092 666 841 834

312 380 49.5 60.2 89.8

5.42 5.52 6.11 6.24 6.41

3.21 3.25 1.67 1.67 2.10

140 167 88.8 109 109

49.2 59.4 13.2 16.0 20.2

158 190 102 126 123

75.0 90.6 20.8 25.4 31.2

0.842 0.845 0.876 0.875 0.890

13.0 11.2 20.4 17.6 19.6

0.0109 0.0136 0.00253 0.00323 0.00470

8.00 13.1 2.81 4.81 3.56

9 12 16 15 15.7 20 25 11 12 15 13

13.4 17.9 23.8 22.3 23.0 30.0 37.0 16.1 18.1 22.2 19.0

0.681 0.690 0.704 0.890 0.889 0.901 0.912 0.682 0.685 0.691 0.738

683 918 1330 1210 1250 1748 2210 1060 1213 1529 1356

91.4 125 183 387 400 560 706 85.4 97.6 122 137

6.29 6.33 6.61 6.51 6.54 6.76 6.85 7.20 7.26 7.36 7.48

2.30 2.33 2.45 3.68 3.70 3.83 3.87 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.37

91.1 120 167 159 164 222 273 123 139 171 153

18.3 24.5 35.7 50.9 52.6 73.3 91.5 19.0 21.7 27.1 27.0

102 136 190 177 182 248 309 138 157 195 171

28.1 38.0 55.2 77.7 80.2 112 140 29.4 33.7 42.3 41.6

0.873 0.869 0.882 0.837 0.840 0.849 0.848 0.884 0.885 0.886 0.888

26.2 20.4 15.4 21.4 20.7 16.0 13.3 23.9 21.4 17.8 22.6

0.00477 0.00665 0.0102 0.0205 0.0212 0.0308 0.0399 0.00588 0.00680 0.00871 0.00987

1.69 3.76 9.12 4.21 4.63 10.5 19.2 3.15 4.48 8.16 4.41

10 13 15 16 14 15 17 18 20 21 24 28 31 35 40 48 58 67 12 15 17 19

14.9 19.4 22.3 23.1 21.0 22.3 25.1 26.8 30.0 31.3 35.7 41.7 46.1 52.0 60.0 71.0 86.1 99.7 17.9 22.0 25.2 28.3

0.779 0.787 0.794 0.790 0.914 0.911 0.915 0.922 0.923 0.930 1.03 1.04 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.25 0.881 0.890 0.897 0.904

1284 1647 1999 2105 1980 2105 2340 2578 2896 3119 3430 4077 4568 5259 6125 7618 9449 11310 2241 2841 3415 4005

87.3 114 142 164 251 275 308 331 385 405 757 901 1548 1778 2065 2537 3128 3687 90.8 119 149 179

8.19 8.16 8.36 8.46 8.55 8.56 8.56 8.72 8.71 8.87 8.68 8.76 8.82 8.91 8.96 9.18 9.28 9.44 9.91 10.1 10.3 10.5

2.14 2.14 2.23 2.36 3.05 3.09 3.10 3.12 3.17 3.20 4.08 4.12 5.13 5.18 5.20 5.30 5.34 5.39 1.99 2.06 2.15 2.22

128 162 194 207 195 208 230 249 280 297 341 398 450 510 584 706 850 990 179 224 266 308

17.4 22.4 27.8 32.2 37.8 41.3 46.2 49.7 57.5 60.4 91.7 109 152 174 201 246 299 351 18.0 23.5 29.2 34.9

145 187 222 234 218 232 258 279 314 333 378 445 497 567 656 799 977 1150 207 259 306 353

27.2 35.3 43.7 49.8 58.0 63.4 70.9 76.3 88.2 92.7 140 165 231 264 305 374 456 536 28.6 37.3 46.0 54.8

0.867 0.861 0.869 0.888 0.874 0.879 0.877 0.880 0.881 0.885 0.875 0.875 0.847 0.848 0.846 0.853 0.850 0.852 0.851 0.856 0.866 0.874

36.3 29.0 25.2 22.5 29.9 27.9 25.6 24.5 21.5 21.0 19.3 16.8 17.7 15.8 14.1 11.9 10.2 9.0 44.0 36.4 31.5 27.5

0.00832 0.0110 0.0139 0.0154 0.0243 0.0261 0.0294 0.0326 0.0374 0.0405 0.0693 0.0838 0.143 0.167 0.197 0.250 0.318 0.387 0.0137 0.0182 0.0230 0.0280

1.78 3.63 5.68 7.02 3.74 4.50 5.96 7.13 10.3 11.6 14.3 22.4 22.2 31.8 47.2 80.2 137 211 2.28 4.15 6.42 9.57


41

40



n

r N

t

D

d

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b

Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W10-10x5 3/4 (254x146)

W10-10x8 (254x203)

W10-10x10 (254x254)

W12-12x4 (305x102)

W12-12x5 (305x127) W12-12x6 1/2 (305x165)

W12-12x8 (305x203) W12-12x10 (305x254)

42

lb/ft 16 21 22 25 26 29 30 33 39 42 45 57 49 54 60 68 72 77 88 89 100 112 14 16 16.5 19 22 25 28 32 21 26 27 30 31 35 36 40 45 50 53 58

kg/m 24.0 31.1 32.7 37.0 38.7 43.0 44.6 49.1 58.0 62.5 67.0 84.8 73.1 80.4 88.9 101.2 107.1 114.6 131 132 148.8 167.1 20.8 23.8 24.8 28.2 32.8 37.0 41.9 48.1 31.0 38.7 40.3 44.6 46.1 52.1 54.0 59.5 67.0 74.4 78.9 86.3

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

mm 253.0 251.4 258.3 256.0 262.4 259.6 265.9 247.1 252.0 249.4 256.5 258.1 254.1 256.3 260.3 264.2 266.7 269.2 275.3 276.3 281.9 289.1 302.5 304.5 305.1 308.7 312.7 304.4 307.2 311.0 306.0 310.4 303.4 313.4 306.6 317.5 310.4 303.3 306.3 309.6 306.3 309.6

mm 145.0 146.1 146.0 146.4 146.6 147.3 147.6 202.2 202.8 207.0 203.7 211.3 254.6 254.8 256.3 257.3 258.8 258.8 260.7 261.3 262.6 265.2 100.8 101.3 101.6 101.8 102.4 123.3 124.3 125.3 164.0 164.8 165.0 165.6 165.7 166.6 166.9 203.3 204.3 205.2 253.9 254.3

mm 6.4 8.6 9.1 10.9 11.1 12.7 12.9 11.0 13.4 12.2 15.7 16.5 14.2 15.6 17.3 19.6 20.5 22.1 25.2 25.3 28.5 31.7 5.7 6.7 7.0 8.8 10.8 10.7 12.1 14.0 7.4 9.7 10.2 11.1 11.8 13.2 13.7 13.0 14.6 16.2 14.6 16.2

mm 5.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.6 7.2 7.6 7.4 8.0 12.2 8.9 16.5 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.9 12.8 13.5 15.4 15.3 17.3 19.2 5.1 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.6 7.1 8.0 9.0 5.0 5.8 6.0 6.6 6.7 7.6 7.9 7.5 8.5 9.4 8.8 9.1

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 8.9 8.9 8.9 7.6 7.6 8.9 7.6 8.9 7.6 8.9 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2

mm 224.2 219.0 224.8 219.0 225.0 219.0 224.9 199.7 199.8 199.6 199.7 199.7 200.3 199.7 200.3 199.7 200.3 199.6 199.6 200.3 199.6 200.3 275.8 275.8 275.9 275.9 275.9 265.2 265.2 265.2 275.2 275.9 265.2 276.0 265.2 275.9 265.2 246.9 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.8

cm2 31.1 39.7 41.8 47.2 48.9 54.8 56.9 62.5 73.8 79.3 85.4 108 93.1 102 113 129 136 146 167 168 190 213 26.8 30.4 31.6 35.9 41.8 47.2 53.4 61.2 39.4 49.3 51.3 56.5 58.7 66.7 68.8 75.6 85.2 94.5 100 110

Flange Web


Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 11.33 8.49 7.99 6.72 6.60 5.80 5.72 9.19 7.57 8.49 6.49 6.40 8.96 8.17 7.41 6.58 6.31 5.86 5.18 5.16 4.62 4.18 8.83 7.53 7.26 5.78 4.74 5.76 5.14 4.48 11.08 8.54 8.09 7.46 7.02 6.31 6.09 7.82 7.00 6.33 8.70 7.85

44.8 36.5 36.8 34.8 34.1 30.4 29.5 27.1 25.0 16.4 22.5 12.1 23.3 21.2 19.4 16.7 15.6 14.8 13.0 13.1 11.6 10.4 54.3 49.3 47.6 46.0 41.8 37.4 33.2 29.5 55.0 47.2 44.2 41.8 39.6 36.2 33.6 33.0 29.0 26.3 28.2 27.0


N

n

mm 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 6 10 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 12 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 7

mm 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 107 107 107 107 107 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 58 58 58 58 58 68 68 68 90 89 90 90 90 89 90 108 108 108 133 133

mm 14 16 17 19 19 20 21 24 26 25 28 29 27 28 30 32 33 35 38 38 41 44 13 14 15 16 18 20 21 23 15 17 19 19 21 21 23 28 30 31 30 31

Notch

41


x

Imperial units

y


W10-10x8 (254x203)

W10-10x10 (254x254)

W12-12x4 (305x102)

W12-12x5 (305x127) W12-12x6 1/2 (305x165)

W12-12x8 (305x203) W12-12x10 (305x254)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft kg/m 16 24.0 21 31.1 22 32.7 25 37.0 26 38.7 29 43.0 30 44.6 33 49.1 39 58.0 42 62.5 45 67.0 57 84.8 49 73.1 54 80.4 60 88.9 68 101 72 107 77 115 88 131 89 132 100 149 112 167 14 20.8 16 23.8 16.5 24.8 19 28.2 22 32.8 25 37.0 28 41.9 32 48.1 21 31.0 26 38.7 27 40.3 30 44.6 31 46.1 35 52.1 36 54.0 40 59.5 45 67.0 50 74.4 53 78.9 58 86.3

Surface Area per Metre m2 1.06 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.09 1.27 1.28 1.25 1.29 1.31 1.49 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.52 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.58 0.985 0.990 0.992 1.00 1.01 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.24 1.26 1.24 1.26 1.25 1.27 1.26 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.58 1.59

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 3477 4413 4917 5537 5974 6544 7048 7071 8672 8430 10300 11930 11410 12590 14270 16390 17510 18950 22210 22530 25900 30000 3682 4274 4455 5366 6501 7166 8196 9575 6554 8498 8503 9864 9899 11860 11700 12840 14570 16350 17700 19740

cm4 326 448 475 571 584 677 692 1517 1865 1807 2214 2606 3908 4304 4858 5558 5928 6391 7436 7531 8598 9870 97.9 117 123 155 194 335 389 461 544 720 764 841 896 1019 1063 1823 2078 2337 3986 4444


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm 10.6 10.5 10.8 10.8 11.1 10.9 11.1 10.6 10.8 10.3 11.0 10.5 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.5 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.9 13.1 12.9 13.2 13.0 13.3 13.0 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4

cm3 275 351 381 433 455 504 530 572 688 676 803 925 898 983 1096 1241 1313 1408 1613 1631 1838 2075 243 281 292 348 416 471 534 616 428 548 560 629 646 747 754 847 952 1056 1156 1275

cm3 44.9 61.3 65.0 78.0 79.6 92.0 93.8 150 184 175 217 247 307 338 379 432 458 494 570 576 655 744 19.4 23.1 24.2 30.5 37.9 54.4 62.6 73.6 66.4 87.4 92.7 102 108 122 127 179 203 228 314 349

cm3 308 393 426 483 510 566 597 634 765 768 898 1067 992 1091 1224 1398 1484 1599 1850 1869 2127 2424 286 329 342 403 481 539 614 711 476 609 623 703 720 838 846 938 1060 1183 1276 1411

cm3 69.0 94.1 100 119 122 141 144 229 280 271 331 385 465 512 575 657 697 752 869 878 999 1137 31.1 37.0 38.8 48.5 60.0 85.3 98.4 116 102 134 142 156 166 188 196 274 311 349 477 531

cm 3.23 3.36 3.37 3.48 3.45 3.52 3.49 4.93 5.03 4.77 5.09 4.91 6.48 6.49 6.55 6.57 6.59 6.61 6.67 6.69 6.73 6.81 1.91 1.96 1.97 2.08 2.15 2.67 2.70 2.74 3.72 3.82 3.86 3.86 3.90 3.91 3.93 4.91 4.94 4.97 6.30 6.36

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

38.2 29.6 28.9 24.3 24.5 21.2 21.3 21.5 18.3 17.9 15.9 13.6 17.3 15.8 14.5 12.9 12.4 11.6 10.3 10.3 9.3 8.5 50.8 45.0 43.4 37.4 31.6 29.7 26.5 23.3 42.4 33.8 31.0 29.7 27.1 25.3 23.6 22.9 20.6 18.8 20.4 18.7

dm6 0.0494 0.0660 0.0737 0.0857 0.0921 0.103 0.111 0.211 0.265 0.254 0.321 0.380 0.562 0.623 0.717 0.832 0.898 0.976 1.16 1.19 1.38 1.63 0.0216 0.0260 0.0273 0.0349 0.0442 0.0723 0.0847 0.102 0.121 0.163 0.164 0.192 0.195 0.236 0.234 0.384 0.442 0.503 0.848 0.956

cm4 4.16 8.55 9.96 15.3 16.5 23.9 25.6 24.0 40.2 44.5 62.3 109 57.6 75.6 102 148 172 213 314 319 452 626 2.93 4.27 4.77 7.40 12.2 14.8 21.1 31.8 6.3 12.5 14.7 18.7 22.2 30.8 34.8 39.1 54.6 73.5 65.6 86.5

0.874 0.880 0.882 0.890 0.888 0.891 0.888 0.873 0.878 0.851 0.880 0.849 0.849 0.849 0.850 0.849 0.848 0.849 0.850 0.850 0.851 0.851 0.842 0.846 0.846 0.859 0.866 0.872 0.872 0.873 0.881 0.887 0.889 0.887 0.891 0.889 0.889 0.890 0.889 0.889 0.876 0.878

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

43

42



n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b

Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W12-12x12 (305x305)

W14-14x5 (356x127) W14-14x6 3/4 (356x171)

W14-14x8 (356x203) W14-14x10 (356x254)

W14-14x14 1/2 (356x368)

44

lb/ft 65 72 79 87 92 96 106 120 133 136 152 161 170 190 210 230 252 278 279 305 336 22 26 30 34 38 45 43 48 53 61 68 74 82 87 90 99 103 109 119 120 132 136

kg/m 96.9 107.1 117.9 129.5 136.9 142.8 158.1 178.6 198.1 202.4 226.2 240 253 282.9 312.5 342 375 413.7 415 454 500 33.1 39.1 45.0 51.0 57.0 67.1 64.0 71.4 78.9 90.8 101.2 110.1 122 129 133.9 147.3 152.9 162.2 177 178.6 196.4 201.9

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

mm 307.9 311.1 314.5 318.3 320.5 322.8 327.1 333.2 339.9 340.6 348.2 352.5 356.4 365.3 373.6 382.3 391.4 402.6 402.6 414.5 427.2 349.0 353.4 351.4 355.0 358.0 363.4 347.0 350.3 353.6 352.8 356.6 359.9 363.5 355.6 356.1 359.7 362.0 363.7 368.2 367.8 372.4 374.6

mm 305.3 305.8 307.4 308.0 309.2 308.9 311.2 312.9 314.5 315.0 317.0 318.4 319.3 322.2 324.9 327.5 330.3 333.8 333.8 336.2 340.0 125.4 126.0 171.1 171.5 172.2 173.2 203.1 204.0 204.7 253.9 254.8 255.8 257.3 368.6 368.8 370.0 370.5 371.0 372.6 372.6 374.0 374.7

mm 15.4 17.0 18.7 20.6 21.7 22.9 25.0 28.1 31.4 31.8 35.6 37.7 39.6 44.1 48.3 52.6 57.2 62.7 62.7 68.7 75.1 8.5 10.7 9.7 11.5 13.0 15.7 13.4 15.1 16.7 16.3 18.3 19.9 21.7 17.5 18.0 19.8 20.7 21.8 23.8 23.9 26.2 27.0

mm 9.9 10.9 12.0 13.1 13.8 14.0 15.8 18.0 19.1 20.1 22.1 23.0 24.4 26.8 30.0 32.6 35.4 38.9 38.9 41.3 45.1 6.0 6.6 7.0 7.4 8.1 9.1 7.8 8.6 9.4 9.5 10.5 11.4 12.9 10.4 11.2 12.3 12.3 13.3 14.4 15.0 16.4 16.5

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2

mm 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.6 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.6 311.6 311.6 311.6 311.6 311.6 311.6 289.8 289.7 289.8 289.8 289.6 289.6 289.7 290.2 289.6 289.7 290.2 289.6 290.2 289.6 289.7 290.2

cm2 123 136 150 165 174 182 201 228 252 258 289 306 323 360 399 437 478 529 528 578 638 42.1 49.8 57.3 64.9 72.6 85.5 81.2 91.2 100 115 129 141 155 164 171 188 195 207 226 228 250 257

Flange Web


Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 9.91 8.98 8.22 7.49 7.12 6.76 6.22 5.57 5.01 4.96 4.46 4.22 4.03 3.65 3.37 3.11 2.89 2.66 2.66 2.45 2.26 7.38 5.89 8.82 7.46 6.62 5.52 7.58 6.75 6.13 7.79 6.97 6.41 5.92 10.5 10.2 9.34 8.95 8.49 7.83 7.80 7.15 6.94

24.9 22.6 20.6 18.9 17.9 17.7 15.6 13.7 12.9 12.3 11.2 10.7 10.1 9.21 8.23 7.57 6.97 6.35 6.34 5.97 5.47 51.9 47.2 44.5 42.1 38.5 34.2 37.4 33.5 30.8 30.4 27.5 25.3 22.5 27.9 25.9 23.5 23.6 21.7 20.2 19.3 17.7 17.6


N

n

mm 7 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 17 18 20 21 21 23 25 5 5 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10

mm 158 157 158 157 158 157 158 157 158 157 157 158 157 158 157 157 157 157 157 157 157 70 70 92 92 92 92 108 108 108 132 132 132 132 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189

mm 31 32 34 36 37 38 40 43 47 47 51 53 55 59 63 68 72 78 78 84 90 19 21 20 22 23 26 29 30 32 32 33 35 37 33 33 35 36 37 39 39 41 42

Notch

43


x

Imperial units

y


W14-14x5 (356x127) W14-14x6 3/4 (356x171)

W14-14x8 (356x203) W14-14x10 (356x254)

W14-14x14 1/2 (356x368)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft 65 72 79 87 92 96 106 120 133 136 152 161 170 190 210 230 252 278 279 305 336 22 26 30 34 38 45 43 48 53 61 68 74 82 87 90 99 103 109 119 120 132 136

kg/m 96.9 107 118 130 137 143 158 179 198 202 226 240 253 283 313 342 375 414 415 454 500 33.1 39.1 45.0 51.0 57.0 67.1 64.0 71.4 78.9 90.8 101 110 122 129 134 147 153 162 177 179 196 202

Surface Area per Metre m2 1.79 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.86 1.87 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.01 2.04 2.04 2.07 2.10 1.17 1.18 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.68 1.69 1.69 1.70 2.14 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.16 2.17 2.17 2.18 2.19

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 22250 24830 27670 30810 32820 34670 38750 44560 50900 51790 59610 64200 68490 78870 89270 100600 113200 129600 129500 147600 169000 8250 10170 12070 14140 16040 19460 17760 20170 22480 26540 30060 33120 36680 40250 41580 46240 48590 51540 57120 57290 63720 66260

cm4 7308 8117 9060 10030 10700 11240 12570 14350 16300 16560 18910 20320 21540 24640 27660 30880 34470 39040 39010 43690 49420 280 358 811 968 1108 1362 1874 2140 2391 4451 5048 5569 6175 14610 15080 16730 17550 18600 20530 20600 22820 23690


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.7 13.8 13.9 14.0 14.2 14.2 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.8 15.0 15.2 15.4 15.7 15.7 16.0 16.3 14.0 14.3 14.5 14.8 14.9 15.1 14.8 14.9 15.0 15.2 15.3 15.3 15.4 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.8 15.9 15.9 16.0 16.1

cm3 1445 1596 1760 1936 2048 2148 2369 2675 2995 3041 3424 3643 3844 4318 4779 5261 5783 6437 6435 7122 7913 473 576 687 796 896 1071 1024 1151 1271 1505 1686 1840 2018 2264 2335 2571 2685 2834 3103 3115 3422 3538

cm3 479 531 589 651 692 728 808 917 1037 1052 1193 1276 1349 1529 1702 1886 2087 2339 2338 2599 2907 44.7 56.8 94.8 113 129 157 185 210 234 351 396 435 480 793 818 904 948 1003 1102 1106 1221 1264

cm3 1592 1767 1958 2164 2297 2413 2680 3053 3440 3501 3975 4247 4502 5105 5703 6332 7020 7890 7888 8807 9882 543 659 775 896 1010 1211 1138 1285 1424 1668 1878 2058 2270 2479 2565 2838 2965 3142 3455 3475 3838 3972

cm3 726 806 895 990 1053 1106 1230 1399 1581 1606 1823 1951 2064 2342 2613 2898 3211 3604 3602 4006 4487 70.3 89.1 147 174 199 243 283 322 359 534 604 665 734 1199 1238 1370 1435 1519 1671 1678 1853 1920

cm 7.69 7.72 7.77 7.80 7.83 7.86 7.90 7.94 8.04 8.02 8.09 8.15 8.17 8.27 8.33 8.41 8.49 8.59 8.59 8.69 8.80 2.58 2.68 3.76 3.86 3.91 3.99 4.80 4.84 4.88 6.21 6.26 6.29 6.31 9.43 9.40 9.43 9.49 9.49 9.54 9.51 9.55 9.60

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

19.3 17.6 16.2 14.9 14.2 13.6 12.5 11.2 10.2 10.1 9.2 8.7 8.4 7.7 7.1 6.6 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.0 42.2 35.2 36.8 32.1 28.8 24.4 25.9 23.3 21.3 21.5 19.4 18.0 16.6 19.9 19.2 17.7 17.0 16.2 15.0 14.9 13.7 13.4

dm6 1.56 1.75 1.98 2.22 2.39 2.53 2.87 3.34 3.88 3.95 4.62 5.03 5.40 6.35 7.32 8.39 9.62 11.3 11.3 13.1 15.3 0.0813 0.105 0.237 0.286 0.330 0.412 0.521 0.601 0.679 1.26 1.44 1.61 1.80 4.18 4.31 4.83 5.11 5.43 6.09 6.09 6.84 7.16

cm4 91.2 122 161 212 249 285 378 537 734 771 1074 1271 1480 2034 2693 3490 4495 5953 5946 7719 10110 8.79 15.1 15.8 23.8 33.4 55.7 43.2 60.4 80.1 90.3 126 161 211 153 169 223 251 296 381 390 511 558

0.850 0.850 0.850 0.851 0.851 0.853 0.851 0.851 0.853 0.852 0.853 0.854 0.854 0.855 0.855 0.856 0.856 0.857 0.857 0.860 0.861 0.863 0.871 0.874 0.881 0.882 0.886 0.891 0.891 0.892 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.884 0.844 0.842 0.842 0.844 0.843 0.844 0.842 0.843 0.844

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

45

44



n

r N

t

D

d

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b


W16-16x5 1/2 (406x140) W16-16x7 (406x178)

W16-16x10 1/4 (406x260)

W18-18x6 (457x152)

W18-18x7 1/2 (457x191)

46

lb/ft 118 145 158 159 176 193 211 219 228 233 257 264 283 311 314 342 370 398 426 455 500 550 605 665 730 26 31 36 40 45 50 57 67 77 89 100 35 40 45 46 50 55 41 45 50 55 60 65 66 71

kg/m 175.6 215.8 235.1 236.6 261.9 287.1 314 326 339.9 346.7 382.5 393 421.1 462.8 467 509 551 592.3 633.9 677.1 744.1 818.5 900.3 989.6 1086 39.0 46.0 54.1 60.1 67.1 74.2 84.8 99.7 114.6 132.4 148.8 52.3 59.8 67.2 68.5 74.2 82.1 61 67.1 74.3 82.0 89.3 96.7 98.3 105.7

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

mm 360.0 375.4 381.0 380.5 386.6 393.6 399.3 403.1 406.4 407.4 416.1 419.0 425.2 434.8 436.6 445.5 455.6 464.6 474.6 483.1 497.8 514.1 531.4 549.7 569.5 398.0 403.2 402.6 406.4 409.4 412.8 417.3 414.8 419.6 425.4 431.0 449.8 454.6 458.0 458.7 462.0 465.8 450.0 453.4 457.0 460.0 463.4 466.1 467.2 469.1

mm 396.0 393.7 394.8 395.4 397.5 399.0 401.3 402.0 403.0 403.6 406.3 407.0 409.2 412.2 412.2 415.5 418.5 421.4 424.0 427.6 432.1 436.9 442.3 448.3 454.4 141.8 142.2 177.7 177.9 178.8 179.5 180.8 260.0 261.5 263.3 264.8 152.4 152.9 153.8 153.9 154.4 155.3 189.0 189.9 190.4 191.3 191.9 192.8 192.8 193.9

mm 20.0 27.7 30.2 30.2 33.3 36.5 39.6 41.2 42.9 43.7 48.0 49.2 52.6 57.4 58.0 62.7 67.5 72.3 77.0 81.5 88.9 97.0 105.6 114.8 124.7 8.6 11.2 10.9 12.8 14.3 16.0 18.2 16.9 19.3 22.2 25.0 10.9 13.3 15.0 15.3 17.0 18.9 10.8 12.7 14.5 16.0 17.7 19.1 19.6 20.6

mm 20.0 17.3 18.4 18.9 21.1 22.6 24.9 25.5 26.6 27.2 29.8 30.6 32.8 35.8 35.8 39.1 42.1 45.0 47.6 51.2 55.6 60.5 65.9 71.9 78.0 6.4 6.8 7.7 7.9 8.8 9.5 10.9 10.0 11.6 13.3 14.9 7.6 8.1 9.0 9.1 9.6 10.5 8.1 8.5 9.0 9.9 10.5 11.4 11.4 12.6

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 15.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

mm 290.0 289.6 290.2 289.6 289.7 290.2 289.7 290.3 290.2 289.6 289.7 290.2 289.6 289.6 290.2 289.6 290.2 289.7 290.2 289.6 289.6 289.6 289.8 289.7 289.7 360.4 360.4 360.4 360.4 360.4 360.4 360.6 360.6 360.6 360.6 360.6 407.6 407.6 407.6 407.7 407.6 407.6 408.4 407.6 407.6 407.6 407.6 407.6 407.6 407.6

cm2 224 275 299 302 334 366 400 415 433 442 488 501 537 590 595 649 702 755 808 863 948 1043 1147 1261 1385 49.7 58.6 69.0 76.5 85.5 94.5 108 127 146 169 190 66.6 76.2 85.6 87.1 94.5 105 76 85.5 94.6 104 114 123 125 134

Flange Web


Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 9.90 7.11 6.54 6.54 5.97 5.47 5.06 4.88 4.70 4.62 4.23 4.14 3.89 3.59 3.55 3.31 3.10 2.92 2.75 2.62 2.43 2.25 2.09 1.95 1.82 8.24 6.35 8.15 6.95 6.25 5.61 4.98 7.70 6.77 5.92 5.29 6.99 5.75 5.13 5.03 4.54 4.11 8.75 7.48 6.57 5.98 5.42 5.06 4.92 4.71

14.5 16.8 15.8 15.3 13.7 12.8 11.6 11.4 10.9 10.7 9.71 9.48 8.84 8.09 8.11 7.40 6.89 6.44 6.10 5.66 5.21 4.79 4.40 4.03 3.72 56.3 53.0 46.8 45.6 41.0 37.9 33.0 36.0 31.2 27.0 24.3 53.6 50.3 45.3 44.6 42.5 38.8 50.4 48.0 45.3 41.2 38.8 35.7 35.8 32.4


N

n

mm 12 11 11 11 13 13 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 20 20 22 23 24 26 28 30 32 35 38 41 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 9 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8

mm 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 78 78 95 95 95 95 95 135 135 135 135 82 82 82 82 82 82 750 101 101 101 101 101 101 101

mm 35 43 45 45 48 52 55 56 58 59 63 64 68 73 73 78 83 87 92 97 104 112 121 130 140 19 21 21 23 25 26 28 27 30 32 35 21 24 25 26 27 29 21 23 25 26 28 29 30 31

Notch

45


x

Imperial units

y


W16-16x5 1/2 (406x140) W16-16x7 (406x178)

W16-16x10 1/4 (406x260)

W18-18x6 (457x152)

W18-18x7 1/2 (457x191)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft 118 145 158 159 176 193 211 219 228 233 257 264 283 311 314 342 370 398 426 455 500 550 605 665 730 26 31 36 40 45 50 57 67 77 89 100 35 40 45 46 50 55 41 45 50 55 60 65 66 71

kg/m 176 216 235 237 262 287 314 326 340 347 383 393 421 463 467 509 551 592 634 677 744 819 900 990 1086 39.0 46.0 54.1 60.1 67.1 74.2 84.8 99.7 115 132 149 52.3 59.8 67.2 68.5 74.2 82.1 61.0 67.1 74.3 82.0 89.3 96.7 98.3 106

Surface Area per Metre m2 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.28 2.29 2.31 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.35 2.37 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.42 2.45 2.47 2.50 2.52 2.55 2.59 2.63 2.67 2.72 2.77 1.33 1.34 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.83 1.84 1.86 1.87 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.51 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.66 1.67 1.67

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 51770 71240 79090 79160 89040 99880 110500 116400 122500 125100 141500 146600 159800 180100 183000 203800 226900 249800 274800 299400 341900 392400 450600 518100 597000 12510 15690 18720 21600 24330 27310 31520 39730 46110 54060 61830 21370 25500 28930 29530 32670 36590 25380 29380 33320 37050 41020 44590 45730 48760

cm4 20730 28180 30990 31170 34860 38680 42720 44660 46850 47930 53750 55370 60150 67130 67830 75180 82670 90380 98130 106600 120000 135500 153100 173400 196300 410 538 1021 1203 1365 1546 1794 4951 5758 6768 7754 645 795 913 933 1047 1185 1218 1452 1671 1871 2089 2281 2347 2507

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 15.2 16.1 16.3 16.2 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.8 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.5 17.5 17.7 18.0 18.2 18.4 18.6 19.0 19.4 19.8 20.3 20.8 15.9 16.4 16.5 16.8 16.9 17.0 17.1 17.7 17.8 17.9 18.0 17.9 18.3 18.4 18.4 18.6 18.7 18.2 18.5 18.8 18.8 19.0 19.0 19.1 19.0

cm 9.61 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.3 11.4 11.6 11.7 11.9 2.87 3.03 3.85 3.97 3.99 4.04 4.07 6.25 6.28 6.33 6.39 3.11 3.23 3.27 3.27 3.33 3.37 3.99 4.12 4.20 4.23 4.29 4.30 4.33 4.32

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm3 2876 3796 4151 4161 4606 5075 5537 5777 6031 6141 6803 6998 7516 8283 8383 9151 9962 10750 11580 12400 13740 15260 16960 18850 20970 629 778 930 1063 1189 1323 1511 1915 2198 2541 2869 950 1122 1263 1288 1414 1571 1128 1296 1458 1611 1770 1913 1957 2079

cm3 1047 1432 1570 1577 1754 1939 2129 2222 2325 2375 2646 2721 2940 3257 3291 3619 3951 4289 4629 4987 5555 6202 6922 7736 8640 57.8 75.7 115 135 153 172 198 381 440 514 586 84.7 104 119 121 136 153 129 153 176 196 218 237 243 259

cm3 3235 4264 4687 4702 5244 5812 6387 6681 6999 7140 7975 8222 8887 9877 10000 11010 12080 13130 14240 15340 17160 19260 21610 24250 27230 724 888 1055 1199 1346 1501 1724 2128 2457 2859 3246 1096 1287 1453 1482 1627 1811 1286 1471 1653 1831 2014 2184 2232 2383

cm3 1603 2172 2383 2394 2667 2949 3243 3384 3544 3621 4038 4154 4492 4983 5034 5543 6058 6583 7108 7669 8553 9560 10680 11960 13370 90.8 118 178 209 237 267 309 581 673 788 899 133 163 187 191 213 240 201 237 272 304 338 369 379 404


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

16.1 13.0 12.1 12.0 11.0 10.2 9.5 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.0 7.9 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.8 47.5 38.9 38.3 33.8 30.5 27.6 24.5 25.4 22.4 19.7 17.7 43.9 37.5 33.6 33.0 30.1 27.4 42.6 37.9 33.9 30.9 28.3 26.3 25.7 24.4

dm6 5.99 8.52 9.54 9.56 10.9 12.3 13.8 14.6 15.5 15.9 18.2 18.9 20.9 23.9 24.3 27.5 31.1 34.8 38.8 43.0 50.2 58.9 69.4 82.0 97.1 0.155 0.207 0.392 0.466 0.533 0.608 0.714 1.96 2.31 2.75 3.20 0.311 0.387 0.448 0.458 0.518 0.591 0.6 0.705 0.818 0.922 1.04 1.14 1.18 1.26

cm4 322 632 812 822 1101 1441 1854 2073 2343 2478 3292 3545 4336 5655 5809 7401 9240 11350 13720 16460 21390 27870 36130 46760 60230 10.7 19.0 23.1 33.3 46.1 62.8 92.2 99.4 149 227 322 21.4 33.8 47.7 50.4 65.9 89.2 26 37.1 51.8 69.2 90.7 114 121 145

0.810 0.832 0.834 0.833 0.833 0.835 0.834 0.836 0.836 0.836 0.837 0.837 0.837 0.838 0.839 0.840 0.841 0.842 0.843 0.843 0.844 0.846 0.848 0.849 0.851 0.858 0.871 0.871 0.880 0.880 0.882 0.881 0.888 0.887 0.887 0.887 0.859 0.868 0.869 0.869 0.873 0.873 0.865 0.872 0.877 0.877 0.880 0.879 0.881 0.877

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

47

46



n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b


W21-21x6 1/2 (533x165) W21-21x8 1/4 (533x210)

W21-21x12 1/4 (533x312)

W24-24x7 (610x178) W24-24x9 (610x229)

W24-24x12 (610x305)

48

lb/ft 76 86 97 106 119 130 143 158 175 44 50 57 48 55 62 68 73 82 83 93 101 111 122 132 147 166 182 201 223 248 275 55 61 62 68 76 84 94 103 114 128 146 163 181 198 218 239 100 120 160

kg/m 113.1 128 144.4 157.7 177.1 193.5 212.8 235 260 65.5 74.4 84.8 71.4 82.2 92.1 101 109 122 123.5 138.4 150.3 165.2 181.6 196.4 218.8 247 270.8 300 331 370 409 81.9 91.0 92.3 101.2 113 125.1 139.9 153 171 191 217 243 270 295 325 356 149.1 179 238.1

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

mm 462.5 467.1 472.2 475.7 481.8 489.0 495.0 501.0 509.0 524.8 529.1 534.9 523.2 528.3 533.1 536.7 539.5 544.5 544.3 549.1 542.5 546.4 550.7 554.5 560.3 571.0 577.1 585.0 593.0 603.0 613.0 598.7 602.5 603.0 602.6 607.6 612.2 617.2 623.1 628.9 635.0 643.1 651.0 658.6 667.0 675.1 685.0 612.4 620.2 635.8

mm 280.3 281.7 283.1 284.5 286.1 283.5 285.0 287.0 289.0 165.1 165.9 166.5 206.8 208.8 209.3 210.0 210.8 211.9 212.2 213.9 312.2 313.4 314.7 316.0 317.8 315.5 317.8 319.0 322.0 324.0 327.0 177.9 178.4 178.8 227.6 228.2 229.0 230.2 228.6 229.9 231.5 234.1 235.9 238.5 240.5 243.1 245.6 304.8 307.1 311.4

mm 17.3 19.6 22.1 23.9 26.9 30.5 33.5 36.6 40.4 11.4 13.5 16.5 10.9 13.2 15.6 17.4 18.8 21.3 21.2 23.6 20.3 22.2 24.4 26.3 29.2 34.5 37.6 41.4 45.5 50.5 55.6 12.8 15.0 15.0 14.8 17.3 19.3 22.1 24.9 27.9 30.9 35.1 39.1 42.9 47.0 51.0 55.9 19.7 23.6 31.4

mm 10.8 12.1 13.6 15.0 16.6 17.0 18.5 20.6 22.6 8.9 9.7 10.3 8.9 9.6 10.1 10.8 11.6 12.7 13.1 14.7 12.7 14.0 15.2 16.5 18.3 19.1 21.1 23.1 25.4 26.2 31.0 10.0 10.6 10.9 10.5 11.1 11.9 13.1 14.0 15.5 17.0 19.6 21.6 23.9 25.9 28.4 31.0 11.8 14.1 18.4

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 16.5 16.5 16.5

mm 407.6 407.6 407.6 407.5 407.6 407.6 407.5 407.8 408.2 476.6 476.7 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.6 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.5 476.8 476.6 476.6 476.4 547.6 547.1 547.6 547.6 547.6 548.2 547.6 547.9 547.7 547.8 547.5 547.4 547.4 547.6 547.7 547.8 540.0 540.0 540.0

cm2 144 163 184 201 226 247 271 299 331 84 95 108 91 105 117 129 139 155 157 176 192 211 231 250 279 315 346 382 422 460 521 105 116 118 129 144 158 178 195 218 242 278 310 343 376 412 454 190 228 303

Flange Web


Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 8.12 7.20 6.40 5.96 5.31 4.65 4.25 3.92 3.58 7.24 6.14 5.04 11.62 7.91 6.71 6.03 5.61 4.97 5.00 4.53 7.68 7.05 6.45 6.01 5.44 4.57 4.23 3.85 3.54 3.21 2.94 6.93 5.95 5.96 7.69 6.60 5.93 5.21 4.59 4.12 3.75 3.33 3.02 2.78 2.56 2.38 2.20 7.74 6.51 4.96

37.7 33.7 30.0 27.2 24.5 24.0 22.0 19.8 18.1 53.6 49.4 46.3 43.7 49.6 47.2 44.1 41.1 37.5 36.4 32.3 37.5 34.1 31.3 28.9 26.1 25.0 22.6 20.6 18.8 18.2 15.4 54.6 51.6 50.1 52.2 49.3 46.1 41.8 39.1 35.3 32.2 27.9 25.3 22.9 21.1 19.3 17.7 45.8 38.3 29.3


N

n

mm 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 6 7 7 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 18 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 8 9 11

mm 145 145 145 145 145 143 143 143 143 88 88 88 109 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 160 160 160 160 160 158 158 158 158 159 158 94 94 94 119 119 119 119 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 157 157 157

mm 27 30 32 34 37 41 44 47 50 24 26 29 23 26 28 30 32 34 34 36 33 35 37 39 42 47 50 54 58 63 68 26 28 28 28 30 32 35 38 41 44 48 52 56 60 64 69 36 40 48

Notch

47


x

Imperial units

y


W21-21x6 1/2 (533x165) W21-21x8 1/4 (533x210)

W21-21x12 1/4 (533x312)

W24-24x7 (610x178) W24-24x9 (610x229)

W24-24x12 (610x305)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft 76 86 97 106 119 130 143 158 175 44 50 57 48 55 62 68 73 82 83 93 101 111 122 132 147 166 182 201 223 248 275 55 61 62 68 76 84 94 103 114 128 146 163 181 198 218 239 100 120 160

kg/m 113 128 144 158 177 194 213 235 260 65.5 74.4 84.8 71 82.2 92.1 101 109 122 124 138 150 165 182 196 219 247 271 300 331 370 409 81.9 91.0 92.3 101 113 125 140 153 171 191 217 243 270 295 325 356 149 179 238

Surface Area per Metre m2 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.06 2.06 2.08 2.09 2.11 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.85 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.89 1.90 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.43 2.45 1.87 1.88 1.88 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.11 2.11 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.27 2.39 2.41 2.45


cm4 6344 7295 8367 9178 10530 11590 12960 14450 16300 859 1032 1276 1611 2008 2389 2692 2943 3388 3389 3868 10320 11410 12680 13850 15650 18110 20150 22450 25390 28710 32530 1210 1426 1436 2915 3434 3872 4505 4972 5670 6415 7544 8606 9768 10980 12330 13950 9308 11410 15840

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 19.6 19.7 19.9 19.9 20.1 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.8 20.5 20.8 21.2 20.9 21.3 21.7 21.9 21.9 22.1 22.0 22.1 22.9 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.8 23.9 24.1 24.2 24.6 24.7 23.2 23.5 23.4 24.2 24.6 24.8 25.0 25.3 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.9 26.1 26.3 26.4 26.6 25.7 25.9 26.3

cm 6.64 6.69 6.74 6.76 6.82 6.86 6.91 6.95 7.01 3.20 3.30 3.44 4.2 4.38 4.51 4.57 4.60 4.67 4.65 4.68 7.33 7.36 7.40 7.44 7.49 7.58 7.63 7.67 7.76 7.90 7.91 3.40 3.51 3.49 4.76 4.88 4.95 5.03 5.04 5.09 5.15 5.21 5.27 5.34 5.41 5.47 5.55 7.00 7.07 7.23

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm3 2398 2720 3079 3347 3779 4192 4624 5083 5646 1335 1543 1819 1524 1800 2072 2292 2477 2793 2801 3139 3715 4074 4476 4842 5396 6233 6834 7547 8355 9250 10340 1871 2120 2142 2515 2874 3187 3622 4012 4495 4990 5718 6386 7069 7778 8522 9406 4111 4935 6589

cm3 453 518 591 645 736 818 910 1007 1128 104 124 153 156 192 228 256 279 320 319 362 661 728 806 876 985 1148 1268 1408 1577 1772 1990 136 160 161 256 301 338 391 435 493 554 644 730 819 913 1014 1136 611 743 1017

cm3 2669 3039 3457 3775 4284 4761 5278 5839 6525 1561 1797 2107 1753 2059 2360 2612 2828 3196 3212 3617 4147 4565 5032 5462 6116 7080 7807 8670 9656 10730 12120 2200 2480 2512 2881 3281 3639 4142 4595 5167 5757 6643 7455 8299 9173 10110 11220 4594 5547 7486

cm3 692 792 906 991 1132 1257 1400 1554 1743 166 199 243 244 300 356 399 436 500 500 569 1012 1117 1238 1348 1519 1766 1956 2175 2442 2739 3096 219 256 258 400 469 528 611 680 773 871 1019 1157 1304 1458 1625 1826 937 1144 1574


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

27.9 24.8 22.1 20.5 18.4 16.6 15.2 14.0 12.8 47.0 41.4 35.5 47.9 41.6 36.5 33.2 30.9 27.6 27.6 24.9 27.8 25.6 23.4 21.8 19.8 17.2 15.9 14.6 13.4 12.3 11.2 48.3 43.2 42.8 43.1 38.0 34.5 30.6 27.6 24.8 22.6 20.0 18.2 16.7 15.4 14.3 13.2 32.7 27.7 21.3

dm6 3.14 3.65 4.24 4.68 5.44 6.09 6.90 7.8 8.9 0.566 0.686 0.857 1.1 1.33 1.60 1.82 1.99 2.32 2.32 2.67 7.03 7.84 8.78 9.66 11.0 13.0 14.7 16.6 19.0 21.9 25.3 1.04 1.23 1.24 2.52 2.99 3.40 3.99 4.45 5.12 5.85 6.97 8.06 9.26 10.6 12.0 13.8 8.17 10.2 14.5

cm4 118 170 244 311 442 603 800 1059 1423 31.9 47.1 73.8 33.4 51.5 75.7 101 126 178 181 251 217 284 373 469 643 983 1278 1700 2263 2996 4131 49.2 68.6 71.0 77.0 111 149 216 295 411 554 819 1123 1495 1952 2517 3309 200 340 785

0.885 0.886 0.886 0.884 0.885 0.891 0.891 0.890 0.891 0.847 0.853 0.862 0.858 0.864 0.872 0.874 0.875 0.877 0.874 0.873 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.884 0.884 0.891 0.890 0.890 0.890 0.894 0.890 0.843 0.850 0.848 0.864 0.870 0.872 0.875 0.878 0.878 0.879 0.877 0.878 0.877 0.878 0.877 0.877 0.886 0.886 0.886

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

49

48



n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b


W27-27x10 (686x254)

W27-27x14 (686x356)

W30-30x10 1/2 (762x267)

50

lb/ft 104 117 131 146 162 176 192 207 229 250 279 306 335 370 84 94 102 114 129 143 159 182 201 221 247 271 302 146 161 178 194 217 235 258 281 307 336 90 99 108 116 124 132 148 165 185 207 226 246 269 295

kg/m 154.8 174.1 194.9 217.3 241.1 261.9 285.7 308 341 372 415 455 498 551 125.2 140.1 152.4 170.2 192 213 237 271 299 329 368 404 449 217.3 239.6 264.9 288.7 322.9 349.7 383.9 418.2 456.9 500 133.9 146.9 160.7 173 184.5 196.8 220 246 275 308 337 366 401 439

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

mm 611.1 616.2 621.8 628.4 635.0 641.1 646.9 653.0 661.0 669.0 679.0 689.0 699.0 711.0 677.9 683.5 687.5 692.9 701.8 707.9 714.0 723.9 732.0 739.9 749.8 760.0 771.9 695.5 700.8 706.4 714.0 722.1 728.0 736.1 744.0 752.1 762.0 750.0 754.0 757.7 762.2 766.3 769.8 779.0 785.1 793.0 801.1 809.0 817.1 825.0 835.2

mm 323.8 325.1 326.5 327.7 329.1 327.4 328.9 330.5 333.0 335.0 338.0 340.0 343.0 347.0 253.0 253.7 254.5 255.8 254.3 255.8 257.8 260.2 262.8 264.8 267.7 270.3 273.8 354.7 356.1 357.8 356.4 358.5 360.4 362.5 364.5 366.9 369.0 264.4 265.2 266.1 266.7 267.1 268.0 266.2 268.1 270.1 272.7 274.6 276.6 279.1 281.7

mm 19.1 21.6 24.4 27.7 31.0 34.0 37.1 39.9 43.9 48.0 53.1 57.9 63.0 69.1 16.2 19.0 21.0 23.7 27.9 31.0 34.0 39.1 42.9 47.0 52.1 56.9 63.0 24.8 27.4 30.2 34.0 38.1 40.9 45.0 49.0 53.1 57.9 15.5 17.5 19.3 21.6 23.6 25.4 30.0 33.0 37.1 40.9 44.9 48.0 53.1 57.9

mm 12.7 14.0 15.4 16.5 17.9 19.1 20.6 22.1 24.4 26.4 29.5 32.0 35.1 38.6 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.5 15.5 17.0 19.1 21.6 23.9 25.9 28.9 31.5 35.1 15.4 16.8 18.4 19.1 21.1 23.1 24.9 26.9 29.5 32.0 12.0 12.8 13.8 14.3 14.9 15.6 16.5 18.5 20.6 23.1 24.9 26.9 29.5 32.0

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 13.0 13.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5

mm 547.6 547.6 547.6 547.6 547.6 547.6 547.3 547.8 540.2 540.0 539.8 540.2 547.0 546.8 615.1 615.1 615.1 615.1 615.6 615.5 615.6 615.3 615.8 615.5 615.2 615.8 615.5 615.6 615.5 615.5 615.5 615.5 615.8 615.8 615.6 615.5 615.8 686.0 686.0 686.1 686.0 686.1 686.0 686.0 686.1 685.8 686.3 686.2 688.1 685.8 686.4

cm2 198 222 249 277 308 333 363 392 435 475 530 579 635 702 159 178 194 217 244 270 301 345 382 418 468 513 574 277 306 337 368 411 446 489 533 582 636 171 187 205 220 235 251 281 312 351 392 428 462 511 559

Flange Web


Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 8.50 7.53 6.70 5.92 5.31 4.81 4.44 4.14 3.79 3.49 3.18 2.94 2.72 2.51 7.81 6.68 6.06 5.40 4.56 4.13 3.79 3.33 3.06 2.82 2.57 2.38 2.17 7.16 6.49 5.92 5.24 4.70 4.41 4.03 3.72 3.46 3.19 8.53 7.58 6.89 6.17 5.65 5.28 4.44 4.06 3.64 3.33 3.06 2.88 2.63 2.43

43.1 39.2 35.6 33.2 30.6 28.7 26.6 24.8 22.1 20.5 18.3 16.9 15.6 14.2 52.6 49.6 46.6 42.4 39.7 36.2 32.2 28.5 25.8 23.8 21.3 19.5 17.5 40.1 36.7 33.4 32.3 29.2 26.6 24.7 22.9 20.9 19.2 57.2 53.6 49.6 48.0 46.2 44.0 41.6 37.1 33.3 29.7 27.6 25.6 23.2 21.5


N

n

mm 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 17 18 20 21 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 10 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 17 18 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 12 14 14 15 17 18

mm 166 166 166 166 166 164 164 164 164 164 164 164 164 164 131 131 131 131 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 180 180 180 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 136 136 136 136 136 136 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

mm 32 34 37 40 44 47 50 53 60 65 70 74 76 82 31 34 36 39 43 46 49 54 58 62 67 72 78 40 43 45 49 53 56 60 64 68 73 32 34 36 38 40 42 47 50 54 57 61 65 70 74

Notch

49


x

Imperial units

y


W27-27x10 (686x254)

W27-27x14 (686x356)

W30-30x10 1/2 (762x267)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft 104 117 131 146 162 176 192 207 229 250 279 306 335 370 84 94 102 114 129 143 159 182 201 221 247 271 302 146 161 178 194 217 235 258 281 307 336 90 99 108 116 124 132 148 165 185 207 226 246 269 295

kg/m 155 174 195 217 241 262 286 308 341 372 415 455 498 551 125 140 152 170 192 213 237 271 299 329 368 404 449 217 240 265 289 323 350 384 418 457 500 134 147 161 173 185 197 220 246 275 308 337 366 401 439

Surface Area per Metre m2 2.47 2.48 2.50 2.51 2.53 2.53 2.55 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.68 2.71 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.38 2.39 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.49 2.51 2.54 2.75 2.77 2.78 2.79 2.81 2.83 2.85 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.51 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.64 2.66 2.68 2.70

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 129200 147200 167300 190800 215400 236600 260400 283900 319000 353900 400500 445200 494700 557510 118000 136300 150400 170300 198000 222000 247800 289300 323800 359400 406900 453800 515400 234200 261200 290800 325500 369200 402300 447800 494700 545000 604800 150700 168500 185900 205300 223100 240000 278200 310700 353200 397200 440500 480200 536500 595900

cm4 10790 12380 14160 16260 18440 19950 22030 24050 27090 30170 34310 38100 42580 48400 4383 5184 5784 6631 7670 8678 9750 11540 13060 14640 16800 18910 21790 18440 20670 23120 25720 29310 31970 35780 39680 43850 48670 4788 5456 6080 6850 7525 8175 9463 10640 12240 13900 15600 17050 19400 21780

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 25.6 25.8 25.9 26.2 26.4 26.6 26.8 26.9 27.1 27.3 27.5 27.7 27.9 28.2 27.2 27.6 27.8 28.0 28.5 28.7 28.7 29.0 29.1 29.3 29.5 29.7 30.0 29.1 29.2 29.4 29.8 30.0 30.0 30.3 30.5 30.6 30.8 29.7 30.0 30.1 30.5 30.8 30.9 31.5 31.5 31.7 31.8 32.1 32.2 32.4 32.7

cm 7.39 7.47 7.55 7.66 7.74 7.73 7.79 7.84 7.90 7.97 8.04 8.11 8.19 8.30 5.24 5.39 5.46 5.53 5.61 5.67 5.69 5.78 5.85 5.92 5.99 6.07 6.16 8.16 8.22 8.28 8.36 8.44 8.47 8.56 8.63 8.68 8.75 5.30 5.40 5.45 5.58 5.65 5.71 5.81 5.84 5.91 5.96 6.04 6.08 6.16 6.24

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm3 4227 4776 5383 6074 6784 7380 8050 8695 9652 10580 11800 12920 14150 15682 3481 3987 4374 4916 5644 6272 6940 7993 8847 9715 10850 11940 13350 6735 7455 8233 9118 10230 11050 12170 13300 14990 15870 4018 4470 4907 5387 5821 6234 7142 7914 8909 9916 10890 11750 13010 14270

cm3 666 762 867 993 1121 1218 1340 1455 1627 1801 2030 2241 2483 2790 347 409 455 518 603 678 756 887 994 1106 1255 1399 1592 1040 1161 1292 1444 1635 1774 1974 2177 2390 2638 362 411 457 514 563 610 711 794 906 1020 1136 1233 1390 1546

cm3 4734 5360 6057 6845 7670 8369 9163 9936 11090 12220 13720 15120 16670 18599 3994 4558 5000 5631 6462 7204 8016 9282 10330 11390 12810 14170 15950 7558 8389 9297 10300 11610 12600 13930 15290 16750 18450 4644 5156 5665 6198 6689 7167 8197 9129 10320 11550 12720 13790 15330 16900

cm3 1023 1170 1335 1527 1726 1878 2068 2250 2523 2797 3162 3498 3885 4377 542 638 710 811 943 1063 1191 1402 1577 1759 2005 2243 2565 1598 1787 1992 2223 2523 2745 3057 3377 3717 4111 570 647 720 807 885 959 1115 1251 1433 1620 1808 1971 2229 2486


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

33.6 30.0 26.8 23.9 21.6 19.9 18.4 17.2 15.7 14.5 13.2 12.2 11.3 10.4 43.9 38.7 35.5 31.8 27.7 25.2 23.0 20.3 18.6 17.2 15.6 14.4 13.2 29.7 27.0 24.6 22.3 20.1 18.8 17.2 15.9 14.8 13.7 49.8 45.2 41.5 38.1 35.4 33.2 28.9 26.4 23.7 21.6 19.9 18.7 17.0 15.8

dm6 9.46 10.9 12.6 14.7 16.8 18.4 20.5 22.6 25.8 29.1 33.6 37.9 42.9 49.6 4.80 5.72 6.42 7.42 8.71 9.94 11.3 13.5 15.5 17.6 20.4 23.4 27.4 20.7 23.4 26.4 29.7 34.3 37.7 42.7 47.9 53.6 60.3 6.46 7.40 8.29 9.39 10.4 11.3 13.3 15.0 17.5 20.1 22.8 25.2 28.9 32.9

cm4 196 280 395 559 770 995 1280 1593 2162 2809 3824 4940 6420 8525 116 169 220 308 462 627 840 1260 1675 2186 2993 3897 5322 454 610 813 1100 1532 1914 2518 3250 4152 5373 119 159 208 267 333 404 605 815 1147 1555 2029 2500 3361 4345

0.880 0.882 0.883 0.886 0.888 0.890 0.890 0.890 0.890 0.890 0.889 0.889 0.889 0.889 0.862 0.868 0.871 0.872 0.878 0.878 0.877 0.878 0.877 0.877 0.877 0.877 0.876 0.884 0.885 0.885 0.889 0.890 0.888 0.889 0.890 0.889 0.889 0.854 0.858 0.859 0.864 0.867 0.869 0.875 0.874 0.874 0.873 0.874 0.873 0.874 0.874

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

51

50



n

r N

t

d

D

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b


W33-33x11 1/2 (838x292)

W33-33x15 3/4 (838x400)

W36-36x12 (914x305)

52

lb/ft 173 191 211 235 261 292 326 357 118 130 141 152 169 187 204 219 243 271 301 332 361 201 221 241 263 291 318 354 387 424 468 135 150 160 170 182 194 210 232 256 286 318 350 387

kg/m 257.5 284.2 314 349.7 388.4 434.5 485.1 531 175.9 193.8 209.8 226.5 252 278 304 326 362 404 449 494 537 299.1 328.9 358.6 391.4 433.1 473.2 526.8 575.9 631 697 200.9 224.2 238.1 253.4 270.8 289.1 312.5 345 381 426 474 521 576

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

mm 773.2 779.3 785.9 795.0 802.9 813.1 823.0 833.0 834.9 840.7 845.8 850.9 859.0 865.1 871.2 877.1 885.2 895.1 905.0 915.2 925.1 855.5 861.8 868.2 877.1 884.9 893.1 903.0 913.1 923.0 935.0 903.0 910.4 914.7 918.4 922.8 926.6 931.9 942.9 950.7 960.9 970.8 980.7 992.9

mm 380.6 382.0 383.7 382.4 384.9 387.5 390.4 393.0 291.7 292.4 293.0 293.8 292.1 294.1 295.7 297.2 299.7 302.1 305.2 308.1 310.6 399.9 401.4 402.8 401.4 404.0 406.0 408.9 411.5 414.0 418.0 303.3 304.1 304.8 305.5 306.7 307.7 309.4 307.8 310.3 312.8 315.7 318.8 321.8

mm 27.1 30.1 33.4 38.1 41.9 47.0 52.1 56.9 18.8 21.7 24.4 26.8 31.0 34.0 37.1 39.9 43.9 49.0 54.1 58.9 64.0 29.2 32.4 35.6 39.9 43.9 48.0 53.1 57.9 63.0 69.1 20.2 23.9 25.9 27.9 30.0 32.0 34.5 39.9 43.9 48.0 54.1 58.9 65.0

mm 16.6 18.0 19.7 21.1 23.6 25.9 29.0 31.5 14.0 14.7 15.4 16.1 17.0 19.1 20.6 22.1 24.4 26.9 30.0 33.0 35.6 18.2 19.7 21.1 22.1 24.4 26.4 29.5 32.0 35.1 38.6 15.1 15.9 16.5 17.3 18.4 19.5 21.1 22.1 24.4 26.9 29.9 33.0 36.1

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

mm 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 20.0 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 20.0 20.0 19.1 19.1 19.0 19.1 19.0 19.1 19.0 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1

mm 686.1 686.1 686.1 685.8 686.1 686.1 685.9 679.2 761.7 761.7 761.4 761.7 761.4 761.5 761.4 761.7 761.8 761.5 761.2 761.8 761.5 761.5 761.4 761.5 761.7 761.4 761.5 761.2 761.7 757.0 756.8 824.4 824.4 824.9 824.4 824.9 824.4 824.8 824.9 824.7 826.7 824.4 824.7 824.7

cm2 328 362 400 445 495 553 617 677 224 247 268 289 319 355 386 416 460 513 572 629 684 381 420 457 499 552 603 672 734 805 889 256 286 304 323 346 368 399 440 486 536 603 663 733

Flange Web


Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t 7.04 6.35 5.74 5.02 4.59 4.12 3.75 3.45 7.76 6.74 6.01 5.48 4.71 4.33 3.99 3.72 3.41 3.08 2.82 2.62 2.43 6.85 6.20 5.66 5.03 4.60 4.23 3.85 3.55 3.29 3.02 7.51 6.36 5.88 5.47 5.12 4.81 4.48 3.86 3.53 3.26 2.92 2.71 2.48

41.2 38.1 34.9 32.5 29.0 26.5 23.7 21.6 54.4 51.8 49.5 47.3 44.8 39.9 37.0 34.5 31.2 28.3 25.4 23.1 21.4 41.9 38.7 36.1 34.5 31.2 28.8 25.8 23.8 21.6 19.6 54.6 51.8 50.0 47.7 44.8 42.3 39.1 37.3 33.8 30.7 27.6 25.0 22.8


N

n

mm 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 11 12 13 13 14 15 17 18 20 21 10 10 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 15 17 19 20

mm 192 192 192 191 191 191 191 191 149 149 149 149 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 153 153 153 153 153 153

mm 44 47 50 55 58 63 69 77 37 40 42 45 49 52 55 58 62 67 72 77 82 47 50 53 58 62 66 71 76 83 89 39 43 45 47 49 51 54 59 63 67 73 78 84

Notch

51


x

Imperial units

y


W33-33x11 1/2 (838x292)

W33-33x15 3/4 (838x400)

W36-36x12 (914x305)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft 173 191 211 235 261 292 326 357 118 130 141 152 169 187 204 219 243 271 301 332 361 201 221 241 263 291 318 354 387 424 468 135 150 160 170 182 194 210 232 256 286 318 350 387

kg/m 258 284 314 350 388 435 485 531 176 194 210 227 252 278 304 326 362 404 449 494 537 299 329 359 391 433 473 527 576 631 697 201 224 238 253 271 289 313 345 381 426 474 521 576

Surface Area per Metre m2 3.01 3.02 3.04 3.05 3.07 3.10 3.12 3.14 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.84 2.85 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.94 2.97 2.99 3.24 3.26 3.27 3.29 3.31 3.33 3.35 3.38 3.40 3.43 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 3.01 3.03 3.04 3.06 3.09 3.11 3.14 3.17

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 341200 381700 427000 485900 543700 618300 697600 776600 246000 279200 310200 339700 386500 430400 473000 513500 573400 648200 729200 810000 892800 479800 534700 590000 659000 735400 812500 913500 1012000 1120000 1253000 325300 376400 406100 436300 470700 504200 549000 625200 696900 777000 884100 981300 110100

cm4 24890 28000 31500 35570 39920 45680 51790 57770 7800 9067 10250 11360 12920 14470 16050 17540 19800 22660 25820 28960 32280 31180 34970 38800 43070 48390 53680 60680 67480 74810 84520 9424 11240 12270 13300 14460 15600 17130 19480 21980 24640 28580 32080 36460

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 32.3 32.5 32.7 33.0 33.1 33.4 33.6 33.9 33.1 33.6 34.0 34.3 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.1 35.3 35.5 35.7 35.9 36.1 35.5 35.7 35.9 36.3 36.5 36.7 36.9 37.1 37.3 37.6 35.7 36.3 36.6 36.8 36.9 37.0 37.1 37.7 37.9 38.1 38.3 38.5 38.8

cm 8.71 8.80 8.87 8.94 8.98 9.09 9.16 9.24 5.90 6.06 6.18 6.27 6.36 6.38 6.45 6.49 6.56 6.64 6.72 6.79 6.87 9.05 9.13 9.21 9.29 9.36 9.43 9.50 9.59 9.64 9.75 6.07 6.27 6.36 6.42 6.47 6.51 6.55 6.66 6.72 6.78 6.89 6.95 7.05

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm3 8827 9796 10870 12220 13540 15210 16950 18650 5893 6642 7334 7985 8999 9950 10860 11710 12960 14480 16120 17700 19300 11220 12410 13590 15030 16620 18200 20330 22170 24260 26810 7204 8269 8879 9501 10200 10880 11780 13260 14660 16170 18210 20010 22180

cm3 1308 1466 1642 1860 2074 2358 2653 2940 535 620 700 773 884 984 1086 1180 1321 1500 1692 1880 2078 1559 1742 1927 2146 2396 2644 2968 3280 3614 4044 621 739 805 871 943 1014 1107 1266 1416 1575 1810 2013 2266

cm3 9916 11030 12270 13830 15410 17380 19500 21550 6808 7640 8416 9155 10310 11450 12530 13550 15060 16910 18920 20890 22880 12640 14020 15380 17020 18910 20780 23230 25570 28140 31270 8351 9535 10230 10940 11770 12570 13650 15340 17030 18870 21350 23590 26260

cm3 2012 2258 2531 2869 3208 3653 4123 4579 842 974 1097 1212 1383 1547 1710 1864 2095 2385 2704 3018 3346 2405 2690 2977 3314 3709 4101 4616 5113 5652 6342 982 1163 1266 1371 1487 1601 1754 2000 2247 2510 2895 3235 3654


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

30.3 27.5 25.0 22.2 20.3 18.3 16.7 15.3 46.5 41.6 37.9 35.0 30.9 28.3 26.1 24.4 22.3 20.2 18.4 17.0 15.8 31.2 28.4 26.1 23.6 21.6 19.9 18.1 16.7 15.5 14.2 46.8 41.3 38.6 36.2 33.9 31.9 29.7 26.4 24.1 22.2 19.9 18.4 16.8

dm6 34.6 39.3 44.6 50.9 57.8 67.0 77.0 87.0 13.0 15.2 17.3 19.3 22.1 25.0 27.9 30.7 35.0 40.5 46.7 53.1 59.8 53.2 60.1 67.3 75.5 85.6 95.8 110 123 138 158 18.4 22.1 24.2 26.4 28.8 31.2 34.5 39.7 45.2 51.3 60.0 68.1 78.5

cm4 635 859 1161 1651 2218 3090 4224 5563 221 306 404 514 735 983 1265 1569 2095 2884 3910 5088 6494 855 1146 1491 2008 2687 3488 4737 6135 7983 10569 291 422 515 626 767 926 1164 1648 2199 2891 4091 5337 7127

0.883 0.885 0.886 0.889 0.888 0.889 0.888 0.888 0.856 0.862 0.867 0.870 0.875 0.874 0.874 0.874 0.874 0.875 0.874 0.873 0.873 0.881 0.882 0.884 0.888 0.887 0.888 0.887 0.887 0.886 0.886 0.854 0.861 0.864 0.866 0.866 0.867 0.866 0.872 0.872 0.871 0.872 0.871 0.871

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

53

52



n

r N

t

D

d

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

C

Imperial units

b


W40-40x12 (1016x305)

W40-40x16 (1016x406)

W44-4x16 (1118x406)

54

Depth Of Section

Width Of Section

D

B

T

t

Thickness

Root Radius


Area Of Section

r

d

A

Flange Web

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t


N

n

mm 210 210 210 210 210 208 208 208 208 208 208 152 152 152 150 150 149 149 149 149 149 149 149

mm 56 58 61 64 67 71 75 80 86 98 114 51 56 61 66 70 74 76 79 84 84 89 94

202 202 201 200 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 201 200 200 200

57 61 66 70 72 76 81 86 90 100 112 51 56 60 65

lb/ft 230 245 260 280 300 328 359 393 439 527 650 149 167 183 211 235 264 278 294 327 331 359 392

kg/m 343.3 364.6 388 416.7 446.4 488.1 534.2 584.8 653 784 967 222 249 272 314 349 393 415 438 487 494 535 584

mm 911.8 916.4 921.0 927.6 933.2 942.1 950.0 960.1 972.0 996.0 1028.0 970.3 980.2 990.1 1000.0 1008.1 1016.0 1020.0 1025.9 1036.1 1036.0 1046.0 1056.0

mm 418.5 419.4 420.5 421.5 423.0 422.4 424.9 427.5 431.0 437.0 446.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 302.0 303.0 304 305.4 308.5 309.0 311.4 314.0

mm 32.0 34.3 36.6 39.9 42.7 47.0 51.1 55.9 62.0 73.9 89.9 21.1 26.0 31.0 35.9 40.0 43.9 46.0 49.0 54.1 54.0 58.9 64.0

mm 19.4 20.3 21.4 22.5 24.0 25.9 28.5 31.0 34.5 40.9 50.0 16.0 16.5 16.5 19.1 21.1 24.4 26.0 26.9 30.0 31.0 33.0 36.0

mm 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.0 24.0 24.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30 30.0 30.0 30 30.0 30

mm 799.6 799.6 799.6 799.6 799.7 799.9 799.7 800.1 800.0 800.2 800.2 868.1 868.2 868.1 868.2 868.1 868.2 868.0 867.9 867.9 868.0 868.2 868.0

cm2 437 465 494 532 569 622 680 746 832 998 1232 283 317 347 400 445 500 529 557 620 629 681 744

6.54 6.12 5.74 5.28 4.96 4.49 4.16 3.83 3.48 2.96 2.48 7.11 5.77 4.84 4.18 3.78 3.45 3.30 3.12 2.85 2.86 2.64 2.45

41.2 39.4 37.4 35.6 33.3 30.9 28.1 25.8 23.2 19.6 16.0 54.3 52.6 52.6 45.5 41.1 35.6 33.4 32.3 28.9 28.0 26.3 24.1

mm 12 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 19 22 27 10 10 10 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20

199 215 249 277 297 324 362 397 431 503 593 230 262 290 335

296 321 371 412 443 483 539 591 642 748 883 343 390 433 499

982 990 1000 1008 1012 1020 1030 1040 1048 1068 1092 1090 1100 1108 1118

400 400 400 402 402 404 407 409 412 417 424 400 400 402 405

27.1 31.0 36.1 40.0 41.9 46.0 51.1 55.9 60.0 70.0 82.0 31.0 36.0 40.0 45.0

16.5 16.5 19.0 21.1 23.6 25.4 28.4 31.0 34.0 39.0 45.5 18.0 20.0 22.0 26.0

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 20 20 20 20

868.0 868.0 868.0 868.0 868.2 868.0 867.8 868.2 868.0 868.0 868.0 988.0 988.0 988.0 988.0

377 409 472 524 564 615 687 753 818 953 1125 437 497 551 635

12.12 12.12 10.53 9.53 8.52 7.95 7.17 6.60 6.06 5.35 4.66 11.11 10.00 9.14 7.79

32.0 28.0 24.0 21.7 20.7 18.9 17.0 15.5 14.5 12.4 10.6 31.9 27.4 24.7 22.0

10 10 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 22 25 11 12 13 15


Notch

53


x

Imperial units

y


W40-40x12 (1016x305)

W40-40x16 (1016x406)

W44-4x16 (1118x406)

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

lb/ft 230 245 260 280 300 328 359 393 439 527 650 149 167 183 211 235 264 278 294 327 331 359 392 199 215 249 277 297 324 362 397 431 503 593 230 262 290 335

kg/m 343 365 388 417 446 488 534 585 653 784 967 222 249 272 314 349 393 415 438 487 494 535 584 296 321 371 412 443 483 539 591 642 748 883 343 390 433 499

Surface Area per Metre m2 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.47 3.48 3.50 3.53 3.56 3.62 3.70 3.06 3.08 3.10 3.11 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.17 3.19 3.19 3.22 3.24 3.48 3.50 3.51 3.53 3.53 3.55 3.58 3.60 3.62 3.67 3.74 3.71 3.73 3.75 3.77

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 625800 671700 719600 785700 846900 936400 1031000 1144000 1292000 1593000 2033000 408000 481300 554000 644200 723100 807700 853100 909900 1021000 1028000 1131000 1246100 618700 696400 812100 909800 966510 1067480 1202540 1331040 1450590 1731940 2096420 867400 1005000 1126000 1294000

cm4 39160 42240 45440 49870 53940 59170 65450 73000 83050 103300 133900 9553 11760 14010 16240 18470 20500 21710 23450 26730 26820 29970 33430 28850 33120 38480 43410 45500 50710 57630 64010 70280 85110 104970 33120 38480 43410 49980

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 37.8 38.0 38.2 38.4 38.6 38.8 38.9 39.2 39.4 40.0 40.6 38.0 39.0 40.0 40.1 40.3 40.2 40.2 40.4 40.6 40.4 40.8 40.9 40.5 41.3 41.5 41.7 41.4 41.7 41.8 42.1 42.1 42.6 43.2 44.6 45.0 45.2 45.1

cm 9.46 9.53 9.59 9.68 9.73 9.76 9.81 9.89 9.99 10.2 10.4 5.81 6.09 6.36 6.37 6.44 6.40 6.41 6.49 6.57 6.53 6.63 6.70 8.75 9.00 9.03 9.10 8.98 9.08 9.16 9.22 9.27 9.45 9.66 8.71 8.80 8.87 8.87

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm3 13730 14660 15630 16940 18150 19880 21700 23840 26590 31980 39540 8409 9821 11190 12880 14350 15900 16728 17740 19720 19845 21620 23600 12600 14070 16240 18050 19101 20931 23350 25597 27683 32433 38396 15920 18280 20320 23150

cm3 1871 2014 2161 2366 2550 2801 3081 3415 3854 4728 6003 637 784 934 1083 1223 1353 1428 1536 1733 1736 1925 2130 1443 1656 1924 2160 2264 2510 2832 3130 3412 4082 4952 1656 1924 2160 2468

cm3 15480 16550 17670 19170 20600 22640 24820 27390 30730 37340 46810 9807 11350 12830 14850 16590 18540 19571 20760 23200 23413 25570 28039 14220 15800 18330 20440 21777 23923 26824 29530 32097 37881 45265 18060 20780 23160 26600

cm3 2890 3111 3341 3658 3948 4344 4790 5320 6014 7439 9504 1020 1245 1470 1713 1941 2168 2298 2469 2800 2818 3126 3475 2235 2555 2976 3348 3529 3919 4436 4916 5379 6459 7874 2568 2988 3362 3870


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J

30.1 28.3 26.7 24.8 23.3 21.4 19.8 18.2 16.5 14.0 11.8 45.7 39.9 35.0 30.7 27.9 25.5 24.2 23.1 21.1 20.8 19.5 17.9 38.0 34.3 29.9 27.1 25.8 23.7 21.5 19.8 18.5 16.1 14.0 38.9 33.9 30.7 27.3

dm6 75.8 82.2 88.9 98.3 107 119 132 149 171 218 292 21.5 26.8 32.2 37.7 43.3 48.4 51.1 56.0 64.4 64.0 73.0 81.2 65.9 76.0 89.4 101.5 106.7 119.9 137.6 154.3 170.7 210.7 265.7 92.7 108.7 123.5 143.4

cm4 1193 1442 1734 2188 2671 3500 4508 5890 8124 13730 24930 390 582 835 1264 1718 2330 2713 3185 4299 4433 5576 7230 762.6 1021 1575 2134 2545 3311 4546 5927 7440 11670 18750 1037 1564 2130 3135

0.883 0.884 0.885 0.887 0.887 0.887 0.886 0.887 0.887 0.887 0.886 0.850 0.861 0.873 0.872 0.872 0.868 0.868 0.868 0.867 0.867 0.866 0.869 0.878 0.887 0.887 0.887 0.882 0.884 0.883 0.883 0.882 0.882 0.883 0.876 0.878 0.879 0.876

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

55

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

56


CELLULAR BEAMS

Section Size hxb

Unit Weight M

FLOOR BEAMS

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Cellular Beams

ROOF BEAMS

H

D

S

Ixx

Zexx

Zplxx

Anet

H

D

S

Ixx

Zexx

Zplxx

Anet

in (mm) W6-6x6 (152x152)

lb/ft 15 20 25

kg/m 22.32 29.76 37.20

mm 217.4 222.6 226.8

mm 150 150 150

mm 225 225 225

cm4 2541 3543 4456

cm3 233.8 318.4 393.1

cm3 245.5 337.3 420.2

cm2 23.8 32.2 39.8

mm 239.5 244.7 248.9

mm 180 180 180

mm 225 225 225

cm4 3080 4291 5389

cm3 257.1 350.7 433.0

cm3 267.9 368.6 458.9

cm2 23.4 31.7 39.2

W8-8x51/4 (203x133)

17 20

25.1 30.0

289.8 293.4

200 200

300 300

4732 5852

326.5 398.9

343.1 421.0

25.0 30.5

309.3 312.9

225 225

300 300

5384 6656

348.2 425.5

364.0 446.8

24.7 30.1

W8-8x8 (203x203)

31 35 40 48 58

46.13 52.09 59.53 71.43 86.31

269.3 272.3 275.7 281.9 288.3

200 200 200 200 200

350 350 350 350 350

7906 9098 10564 13116 16161

587.1 616.7 668.1 705.4 766.2 814.1 930.4 997.9 1120.9 1215.4

48.2 54.8 62.9 76.1 91.7

322.0 325.0 328.4 334.6 341.0

245 245 245 245 245

305 305 305 305 305

11571 13283 15394 19013 23342

718.7 750.4 817.5 857.1 937.6 988.5 1136.6 1207.8 1369.1 1468.8

4.87 5.54 6.36 7.69 9.37

W10-10x53/4 (254x146)

21 25 29

31.1 37.0 43.0

359.7 364.3 367.9

250 250 250

375 375 375

8971 11254 13275

498.8 617.9 721.8

523.2 650.1 763.0

30.7 37.7 44.1

383.7 388.3 391.9

275 275 275

350 350 350

10262 12859 15160

534.9 662.3 773.7

559.3 694.7 815.0

30.6 37.7 44

W10-10x10 (254x254)

49 60 72 89 112

72.92 89.29 107.00 132.00 166.67

362.4 368.6 375.0 384.6 397.4

250 250 250 250 250

375 375 375 375 375

23472 29231 35671 45888 59801

1295.5 1586.2 1902.7 2365.8 3009.9

1364.1 1683.7 2037.4 2562.5 3309.3

79.5 97.3 116.9 145.1 184.3

399.3 405.5 411.9 421.5 434.3

300 300 300 300 300

375 375 375 375 375

28548 35502 43247 55032 72131

1429.8 1750.9 2099.7 2611.0 3321.4

1494.7 1844.0 2229.0 2801.5 3613.4

78.4 96 115.2 143.1 181.8

W12-12x4 (305x102)

16.5 19 22

24.8 28.2 32.8

435.0 438.6 442.6

300 300 300

450 450 450

8816 10657 12932

405.3 485.9 584.3

430.9 515.9 621.5

21.2 25.2 30.1

463.2 466.8 470.8

325 325 325

400 400 400

10124 12214 14801

437.1 523.3 628.7

463.9 554.6 667.4

21.4 25.4 30.3

W12-12x61/2 (305x165)

27 31 36

40.3 46.1 54.0

433.3 436.5 440.3

300 300 300

450 450 450

17237 20061 23670

795.6 832.8 919.2 965.2 1075.2 1134.4

40.4 46.7 54.7

461.5 464.7 468.5

325 325 325

400 400 400

19718 22934 27047

854.5 893.0 987.0 1034.6 1154.6 1215.6

40.6 46.9 54.9

W12-12x12 (305x305)

65 79 92 106

96.73 117.56 137.00 157.74

437.8 444.4 450.4 457.0

300 300 300 300

450 450 450 450

45298 56163 66358 78001

2069.3 2527.6 2946.6 3413.6

2173.2 2674.1 3137.4 3659.8

104.6 127.8 149.0 172.5

486.0 492.6 498.6 505.2

370 370 370 370

470 470 470 470

55687 68954 81380 95538

2291.6 2799.5 3264.3 3782.1

2386.7 2935.2 3442.5 4013.8

102.5 125.2 146 169.1

W14-14x63/4 (356x171)

30 34 38 45

45.0 51.0 57.0 67.1

503.0 506.6 509.6 515.0

350 350 350 350

525 525 525 525

24287 28501 32342 39223

965.8 1125.3 1269.4 1523.4

1013.5 1182.3 1337.0 1610.9

42.5 49.3 55.6 66.5

532.1 535.7 538.7 554.1

375 375 375 375

475 475 475 475

27436 32162 36478 44196

1031.2 1200.7 1354.3 1624.5

1081.0 1260.0 1424.4 1715.0

42.8 49.6 55.9 66.9

W16-16x51/2 (406x140)

26 31

38.69 46.13

571.2 576.4

400 400

600 600

24957 31451

8/73.8 921.2 1091.3 1149.9

34.2 42.3

604.5 609.7

425 425

525 525

28367 35662

938.5 989.7 1169.8 1232.6

34.8 42.9

W16-16x7 (406x178)

36 40 45 50

53.57 59.53 66.97 74.41

575.8 579.6 582.6 586.0

400 400 400 400

600 600 600 600

37713 43565 49074 55063

1309.9 1503.3 1684.6 1879.3

1377.0 1580.9 1776.3 1986.0

50.6 57.7 64.7 72.1

609.1 612.9 615.9 619.3

425 425 425 425

525 525 525 525

42739 49297 55511 62247

1403.3 1608.6 1802.5 2010.1

1475.1 1691.1 1899.8 2123.1

51.2 58.4 65.4 72.9

W18-18x71/2 (457x191)

45 50 55 60 66

67.1 74.3 82.0 89.3 98.3

648.3 651.9 654.9 658.3 662.1

450 450 450 450 450

675 675 675 675 675

59376 67373 74891 82871 92309

1831.9 2067.1 2287.3 2517.9 2788.6

1926.9 2176.9 2414.4 2662.5 2956.3

62.9 70.8 78.3 86.1 95.3

682.5 686.1 689.1 692.5 696.3

475 475 475 475 475

600 600 600 600 600

66618 75522 83924 92809 103329

1952.1 2201.4 2435.7 2680.3 2967.8

2053.6 2318.2 2570.6 2833.4 3144.9

63.7 71.6 79.2 87.1 96.3

W21-21x81/4 (533x210)

55 62 68 73 82

82.2 92.1 101 109 122

759.1 763.9 767.5 770.3 775.3

525 525 525 525 525

775 775 775 775 775

96581 112366 125204 135978 154662

2544.5 2941.8 3262.5 3530.4 3989.3

2682.9 3103.0 3446.4 3736.0 4232.8

75.1 86.3 95.5 103.4 116.7

796.1 800.9 804.5 807.3 812.3

550 550 550 550 550

675 675 675 675 675

107646 125070 139274 151220 171888

2704.3 3123.2 3462.4 3746.3 4232.1

2853.7 3296.2 3658.9 3965.7 4490.7

76.2 87.5 96.8 104.7 118.2


57

CASTELLATED BEAMS

Castellated Beams

y

B

Dc

t

dc

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

Section Size

Castellated Beam

58

1.08Ds

Dc

B

t

T

r

in(mm) 6x4 (153x102)

lb/ft 13

kg/m 19.35

mm 156.7

mm 103.1

mm 7.11

mm 8.76

mm 126.38

mm 6.4

mm 110

W5-5x5 (127x127)

71/2 x 5 (191x127)

18 19

23.81 28.28

190.8 194.3

127.0 127.8

6.10 6.86

9.14 10.92

157.32 157.26

7.6

137 137

W6-6x4 (152x102)

9x4 (228x102)

9 12 16

13.39 17.86 23.81

225.9 229.2 235.5

100.1 101.6 102.4

4.32 5.84 6.60

5.46 7.11 10.29

202.18 202.18 202.12

6.4

164 164 164

W6-6x6 (152x152)

9x6 (228x152)

15 20 25

22.32 29.76 37.20

228.1 233.5 238.1

152.1 152.9 154.4

5.84 6.60 8.13

6.60 9.27 11.56

202.10 202.16 202.18

6.4

164 164 164

W8-8x4 (203x102)

12x4 (305x102)

10 13 15

14.88 19.35 22.32

301.9 304.4 307.5

100.1 101.6 102.0

4.32 5.84 6.22

5.21 6.48 8.00

276.28 276.24 276.30

7.6

219 219 219

W8-8x51/4 (203x133)

12x51/4 (305x133)

18 21

26.79 31.25

308.3 311.8

133.4 133.9

5.84 6.35

8.38 10.16

276.34 276.28

7.6

219 219

W8-8x61/2 (203x165)

12x61/2 (305x165)

24 28

35.72 41.67

302.9 306.2

165.0 166.0

6.22 7.24

10.16 11.81

262.18 262.18

10.2

219 219

W8-8x8 (203x203)

12x8 (305x203)

31 35 40 48 58 67

46.13 52.09 59.53 71.43 86.31 99.71

304.7 307.7 311.1 317.4 323.7 330.1

203.1 203.7 205.0 206.0 208.8 210.3

7.24 7.87 9.14 10.16 12.95 14.48

11.05 12.57 14.22 17.40 20.57 23.75

262.20 262.16 262.26 262.20 262.16 262.20

10.2

219 219 219 219 219 219

W10-10x4 (254x102)

15x4 (381x102)

12 15 17 19

17.86 22.32 25.30 28.28

377.7 380.7 383.8 387.1

100.6 101.6 101.9 102.1

4.83 5.84 6.10 6.35

5.33 6.86 8.38 10.03

351.84 351.78 351.84 351.84

7.6

274 274 274 274

W10-10x53/4 (254x146)

15x53/4 (381x146)

22 26 30

32.74 38.69 44.64

385.3 389.4 392.9

146.0 146.6 147.6

6.10 6.60 7.62

9.14 11.18 12.95

351.82 351.84 351.80

7.6

274 274 274

W10-10x8 (254x203)

15x8 (381x203)

33 39 45

49.11 58.04 66.97

374.1 379.0 383.5

202.2 202.8 203.7

7.37 8.00 8.89

11.05 13.46 15.75

326.60 326.68 326.60

12.7

274 274 274

W10-10x10 (254x254)

15x10 (381x254)

49 54 60 68 77 88 100 112

72.92 80.36 89.29 101.19 114.58 130.95 148.81 166.67

380.5 383.3 386.6 391.2 396.2 402.3 408.9 415.5

254.0 254.8 256.0 257.3 258.8 260.7 262.6 264.5

8.64 9.40 10.67 11.94 13.46 15.37 17.27 19.18

14.22 15.62 17.27 19.56 22.10 25.15 28.45 31.75

326.66 326.66 326.66 326.68 326.60 326.60 326.60 326.60

12.7

274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274

W12-12x4 (305x102)

18x4 (458x102)

14 16 19 22

20.83 23.81 28.28 32.74

455.0 457.0 461.4 465.2

100.0 101.3 101.7 102.4

5.08 5.59 5.97 6.60

5.72 6.73 8.89 10.80

428.36 428.34 428.42 428.40

7.6

329 329 329 329

W12-12x61/2 (305x165)

18x61/2 (458x165)

26 30 35

38.69 44.64 52.09

462.9 465.9 470.0

164.8 165.6 166.6

5.84 6.60 7.62

9.65 11.18 13.21

428.40 428.34 428.38

7.6

329 329 329

M

Thickness Web Flange


Depth Between Fillet dc

y

in (mm) W4-4x4 (102x102)

Dc x B

Section Width

x

x

Pitch of standard castellated 1.08Ds

Unit Weight

Section Depth

600

Ds

Root Radius

CASTELLATED BEAMS y

B

Dc

t

dc

T

Section Size

Castellated Beam

Unit Weight M

Dc x B

Section Depth

Section Width

600

Ds

1.08Ds



x

x

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Castellated Beams

y

Root Radius


Dc

B

t

T

in (mm) W12-12x8 (305x203)

in(mm) 18x8 (458x203)

lb/ft 40 45 50

kg/m 59.53 66.97 74.41

mm 455.8 458.8 462.1

mm 203.3 204.3 205.2

mm 7.49 8.51 9.40

mm 13.08 14.60 16.26

mm 399.24 399.20 399.18

mm 15.2

mm 329 329 329

W12-12x10 (305x254)

18x10 (458x254)

53 58

78.87 86.31

458.8 462.1

253.9 254.3

8.76 9.14

14.60 16.26

399.20 399.18

15.2

329 329

W12-12x12 (305x305)

18x12 (458x305)

65 72 79 87 96 106 120 136 152 170 190

96.73 107.14 117.56 129.46 142.86 157.74 178.57 202.38 226.19 253.98 282.74

460.3 463.7 467.0 470.8 475.3 479.9 485.7 493.1 500.7 508.9 517.8

304.8 305.8 306.8 308.0 308.9 310.4 312.9 315.0 317.0 319.3 321.8

9.91 10.92 11.94 13.08 13.97 15.49 18.03 20.07 22.10 24.38 26.92

15.37 17.02 18.67 20.57 22.86 25.15 28.07 31.75 35.56 39.62 44.07

399.16 399.26 399.26 399.26 399.18 399.20 399.16 399.20 399.18 399.26 399.26

15.2

W12*-12x12 (305x305)

18x12 (458x305)

210 230 252 279 305 336

312.50 342.26 375.00 415.18 453.87 500.00

526.1 534.8 543.9 555.1 567.0 579.7

324.9 327.5 330.3 333.8 336.2 340.0

29.97 32.64 35.43 38.86 41.28 45.08

48.26 52.58 57.15 62.74 68.71 75.06

399.18 399.24 399.20 399.22 399.18 399.18

15.2

329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329

W14-14x5 (356x127)

21x5 (534x127)

22 26

32.74 38.69

527.0 531.3

127.0 127.6

5.84 6.48

8.51 10.67

489.58 489.56

10.2

385 385

W14-14x63/4 (356x171)

21x63/4 (534x171)

30 34 38

44.64 50.60 56.55

529.5 533.1 536.1

170.9 171.3 172.0

6.86 7.24 7.87

9.78 11.56 13.08

489.54 489.58 489.54

10.2

385 385 385

W14x8 (356x203)

21x8 (534x203)

43 48 53

63.99 71.43 78.87

525.0 528.3 531.6

203.1 204.0 204.7

7.75 8.64 9.40

13.46 15.11 16.76

467.68 467.68 467.68

15.2

385 385 385

W14-14x10 (356x254)

21x10 (534x254)

61 68 74 82

90.78 101.19 110.12 122.02

530.8 534.6 537.9 541.5

253.9 254.9 255.8 257.3

9.52 10.54 11.43 12.95

16.38 18.29 18.94 21.72

467.64 467.62 467.62 467.66

15.2

385 385 385 385

W14-14x141/2 (356x368)

21x141/2 (534x368)

90 99 109 120 132

133.93 147.32 162.20 178.57 196.43

534.1 537.7 541.7 545.8 550.4

368.8 370.0 371.0 372.6 374.0

11.18 12.32 13.34 14.99 16.38

18.03 19.81 21.84 23.88 26.16

467.64 467.68 467.62 467.64 467.68

15.2

385 385 385 385 385

r

Note : * Not included in regular rolling schedule


59

CASTELLATED BEAMS

Castellated Beams

y

B

Dc

t

dc

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

T

Section Size

Castellated Beam

Unit Weight M

Dc x B

60

Section Depth

Section Width

600

Ds

1.08Ds



x

x

y

Root Radius


Dc

B

t

T

in (mm) W16-16x51/2 (406x140)

in(mm) 24x51/2 (609x140)

lb/ft 26 31

kg/m 38.69 46.13

mm 601.5 606.4

mm 139.7 140.3

mm 6.35 6.98

mm 8.76 11.18

mm 563.58 563.64

mm 10.2

mm 438 438

W16-16x7 (406x178)

24x7 (609x178)

36 40 45 50 57

53.57 59.53 66.97 74.41 84.83

605.8 609.7 612.7 616.0 620.3

177.4 177.7 178.7 179.6 180.8

7.49 7.75 8.76 9.65 10.92

10.92 12.83 14.35 16.00 18.16

563.56 563.64 563.64 563.60 563.58

10.2

438 438 438 438 438

W16-16x101/4 (406x260)

24x101/4 (609x260)

67 77 89 100

99.71 114.58 132.44 148.81

617.8 622.6 628.4 634.0

260.0 261.5 263.3 264.8

10.03 11.56 13.33 14.86

16.89 19.30 22.22 25.02

563.62 563.60 563.56 563.56

10.2

438 438 438 438

W18-18x6 (457x152)

27x6 (686x152)

35 40 46

52.09 59.53 68.46

678.1 683.2 687.2

152.4 152.8 153.9

7.62 8.00 9.14

10.80 13.34 15.37

636.10 636.12 636.06

10.2

494 494 494

W18-18x71/2 (457x191)

27x71/2 (686x191)

50 55 60 65 71

74.41 81.85 89.29 96.73 105.65

685.4 688.5 691.8 694.6 697.6

190.4 191.3 191.9 192.8 193.9

9.02 9.91 10.54 11.43 12.57

14.48 16.00 17.65 19.05 20.57

636.04 636.10 636.10 636.10 636.06

10.2

494 494 494 494 494

W18-18x11 (457x279)

27x11 (686x279)

76 86 97 106 119

113.10 127.98 144.35 157.74 177.08

691.0 695.6 700.7 704.2 710.3

280.3 281.7 283.1 284.5 286.1

10.80 12.19 13.59 14.99 16.64

17.27 19.56 22.10 23.88 26.92

636.06 636.08 636.10 636.04 636.06

10.2

494 494 494 494 494

W21-21x61/2 (533x165)

311/2x61/2 (800x165)

44 50 57

65.48 74.41 84.83

791.3 795.6 801.4

165.1 165.9 166.5

8.89 9.65 10.29

11.43 13.58 16.51

743.04 743.02 742.98

12.7

576 576 576

W21-21x81/4 (533x210)

311/2x81/4 (800x210)

62 68 73 83 93

92.26 101.19 108.63 123.51 138.39

799.6 803.2 806.0 810.8 815.6

209.3 210.1 210.7 212.2 213.9

10.16 10.92 11.56 13.08 14.73

15.62 17.40 18.80 21.21 23.62

742.96 743.00 743.00 742.98 742.96

12.7

576 576 576 576 576

W21-21x121/4 (533x312)

311/2x121/4 (800x312)

101 111 122 132 147

150.30 165.18 181.55 196.43 218.75

809.0 812.9 817.2 821.0 826.8

312.2 313.4 314.7 316.0 317.8

12.70 13.97 15.24 16.51 18.29

20.32 22.22 24.38 26.29 29.21

742.96 743.06 743.04 743.02 742.98

12.7

576 576 576 576 576

W24-24x7 (610x178)

36x7 (915x178)

55 62

81.85 92.27

903.7 908.0

177.9 178.8

10.03 10.92

12.83 14.99

852.64 852.62

12.7

659 659

W24-24x9 (610x229)

36x9 (915x229)

68 76 84 94

101.19 113.10 125.00 139.88

907.7 912.6 917.1 922.5

227.7 228.3 229.1 230.3

10.54 11.18 11.94 13.08

14.86 17.27 19.56 22.22

852.58 852.66 852.58 852.66

12.7

659 659 659 659

W24-24x123/4 (610x324)

36x123/4 (915x324)

104 117 131 146 162

154.76 174.11 194.44 217.27 241.07

916.1 921.1 926.8 933.4 940.0

323.8 325.1 326.5 327.7 329.1

12.70 13.97 15.37 16.51 17.91

19.05 21.59 24.38 27.69 30.99

852.60 852.62 852.64 852.62 852.62

12.7

659 659 659 659 659

W27-27x10 (686x254)

401/2x10 (1029x254)

84 94 102 114

125.00 139.88 151.78 169.64

1021.4 1026.8 1031.1 1036.4

253.0 253.7 254.4 255.8

11.68 12.45 13.08 14.48

16.26 18.92 21.08 23.62

958.48 958.56 958.54 958.56

15.2

741 741 741 741


r

CASTELLATED BEAMS y

B

Dc

t

dc

T

Section Size

Castellated Beam

Unit Weight M

Dc x B

Section Depth

Section Width

600

Ds

1.08Ds



x

x

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Castellated Beams

y

Root Radius


Dc

B

t

T

in (mm) W27*-27x14 (686x356)

in(mm) 401/2x14 (1029x366)

lb/ft 146 161 178

kg/m 217.26 239.58 264.88

mm 1038.5 1043.8 1049.4

mm 354.7 356.1 357.8

mm 15.37 16.76 18.42

mm 24.76 27.43 30.23

mm 958.58 958.54 958.54

mm 15.2

mm 741 741 741

W30-30x101/2 (762x267)

45x101/2 (1143x267)

99 108 116 124 132

147.32 160.71 172.62 184.52 196.43

1134.4 1138.7 1143.3 1147.3 1150.9

265.4 266.1 266.6 267.1 267.8

13.21 13.84 14.35 14.86 15.62

17.02 19.30 21.59 23.62 25.40

1067.06 1067.10 1067.12 1067.06 1067.10

16.5

823 823 823 823 823

W30*-30x15 (762x381)

45x15 (1143x381)

173 191 211

257.44 284.23 313.99

1154.2 1160.2 1166.9

380.6 382.0 383.7

16.64 18.03 19.68

27.05 30.10 33.40

1067.10 1067.00 1067.10

16.5

823 823 823

W33-33x111/2 (838x292)

491/2x111/2 (1257x292)

118 130 141 152

175.60 193.45 209.82 226.19

1253.6 1259.5 1264.8 1269.6

291.6 292.4 293.0 293.8

13.97 14.73 15.37 16.13

18.80 21.72 24.38 26.80

1180.40 1180.46 1180.44 1180.40

17.8

905 905 905 905

W33*-33x151/4 (838x400)

491/2x153/4 (1257x400)

201 221 241

299.11 328.87 358.63

1274.5 1280.8 1287.2

399.9 401.4 402.8

18.16 19.68 21.08

29.21 32.38 35.56

1180.48 1180.44 1180.48

17.8

905 905 905

W36-36x12 (914x305)

54x12 (1371x305)

135 150 160 170 182 194 210

200.89 223.21 238.10 253.98 270.83 288.69 312.50

1360.0 1367.6 1371.7 1375.7 1379.8 1383.8 1388.9

303.5 304.2 304.8 305.6 306.7 307.7 309.4

15.24 15.88 16.51 17.27 18.42 19.43 21.08

20.07 23.88 25.91 27.94 29.97 32.00 34.54

1281.86 1281.84 1281.88 1281.82 1281.86 1281.80 1281.82

19.0

987 987 987 987 987 987 987

W36*-36x161/2 (914x419)

54x161/2 (1371x419)

230 245 260 280 300

342.26 364.58 386.90 416.67 446.43

1368.9 1373.4 1378.0 1384.6 1390.2

418.3 419.4 420.4 421.5 423.0

19.30 20.32 21.34 22.48 24.00

32.00 34.29 36.58 39.88 42.67

1256.70 1256.62 1256.64 1256.64 1256.66

24.1

987 987 987 987 987

r

Note : * Not included in regular rolling schedule


61

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

62


STRUCTURAL TEES

60

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Structural Tees

General The section sizes for structural tees are given in the tables on the following pages. Structural tees are usually cut from universal beams and columns, but can also be rolled.

Cut from Heavy Column Sections. (H/HE)

Cut from Wide Flange Sections. Web height and flange width approximately equal. (H/HE)

Cut from Narrow Flange Sections. (I/IPE)

Cut from Medium Flange Sections. (I/IPE)

Figure 5 – Structural Tees: Section shapes

The standard specifications used for production of structural tees in this region are listed in this table. Material AS 3679.1 (1996) Grade 250 Grade 300 Grade 350 ASTM A36 (2001) ASTM A572 (2001) Grade 42 Grade 50 Grade 60 Grade 65 ASTM A913 (2001)

Yield strength 2 N/mm

Tensile strength Min. Elongation Min. Charpy VDimensions 2 notch. Temp. 20°C & Tolerances N/mm L0=5.65 S0

12mm 12-40 40mm 260 300 360

250 300 340 min. 250

230 300 330

min. 410 min. 430 min. 480 400-550

22 % 22 % 20 % 20-21 %

27J 27J 27J -

min. 290 min. 345 min. 415 min. 450

min. 415 min. 450 min. 520 min. 550

20+24 % 18-21 % 16-18 % 15-17 %

-

Grade 50

min. 345

min. 450

18-21 %

-

Grade 65

min. 450

min. 550

15-17 %

-

BS 4360 (1986) (superseded) Grade 43A min. 275 Grade 50B min. 355

430-580 490-640

22 % 20 %

27J

17-22 % 17-22 % 19 % 17 %

10
17-24 % 15-21 % 13-17 %

-

18-24 % 17-23 % 15-21 % 15-21 %

-

EN 10025 (2004) S275JR S355JR S420N S460N

16mm 16-40 40mm 275 265 255 355 345 335 420 400 390 460 440 430

3-100mm 410-560 490-630 500-660 530-720

JIS 3101 (1995)

16mm 16-40 40mm

SS400 SS490 SS540 JIS 3106 (1995) SM400A, B SM490A, B SM490YA, YB SM520B

245 235 215 285 275 255 400 390 16mm 16-40 40mm 245 235 215 325 315 295 365 355 335 365 355 335

t<100mm 400-510 490-610 min 540 t<100mm 400-510 490-610 490-610 520-640

AS 3679.1 (1996)

ASTM A6 (1997)

BS 4 Part 1 (1993) (superseded)

EN 10034 (1993)

JIS 3192 (1994)

Table 11 – Structural Tees: Standard specifications


63

STRUCTURAL TEES

Structural Tees

T

B

d

Cx

y x

r

x

t

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Metric units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 50x100 62.5x125 75x75 75x100 75x150 87.5x90 87.5x175 100x100

100x150 100x200

125x125

125x175 125x250

150x150 150x200

150x300

175x175

175x250

175x350

200x200

64

y

b

kg/m 8.5 11.8 7.0 10.3 15.6 9.0 20.2 9.1 10.5 10.7 15.0 15.3 24.9 28.1 32.8 12.8 14.5 14.8 21.8 22.1 32.2 33.2 35.9 36.2 41.1 16.0 18.4 27.9 28.4 32.7 42.3 43.5 46.5 47.0 52.9 52.9 20.7 24.7 24.8 34.6 39.1 39.8 53.1 57.3 65.4 67.5 68.2 77.9 79.3 28.3 32.7 33.0

Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre

100x100 125x125 150x75 150x100 150x150 175x90 175x175 200x100 200x100 200x100 200x150 200x150 200x200 200x200 200x200 250x125 250x125 250x125 250x175 250x175 250x250 250x250 250x250 250x250 250x250 300x150 300x150 300x200 300x200 300x200 300x300 300x300 300x300 300x300 300x300 300x300 350x175 350x175 350x175 350x250 350x250 350x250 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 400x200 400x200 400x200

kg/m 17.2 23.6 14.0 20.7 31.1 18.0 40.4 18.2 20.9 21.3 29.9 30.6 49.9 57.8 65.7 25.7 29.0 29.6 43.6 44.1 64.4 66.5 71.8 72.4 82.2 32.0 36.7 55.8 56.8 65.4 84.6 87.0 93.0 94.0 106 106 41.4 49.4 49.6 69.2 78.1 79.7 106.2 113 130.8 135 137 159 181 56.1 65.4 66.0

Width Of Section

Depth Of Section


Root Radius

B

d

t

T

r

mm 100 125 75 100 150 90 175 99 100 100 150 150 200 204 202 124 125 125 175 175 252 249 250 250 255 149 150 200 200 201 302 299 300 300 305 301 174 175 175 249 250 250 351 348 354 350 350 357 352 199 200 200

mm 50 62.5 75 74 75 87.5 87.5 99 100 100 97 97 100 100 104 124 125 125 122 122 122 124 125 125 125 149 150 147 147 149 147 149 150 150 150 152 173 175 175 168 170 170 169 172 172 175 175 175 178 198 200 200

mm 6 6.5 5 6 7 5 7.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 8 12 10 5 6 6 7 7 11 8 9 9 14 5.5 6.5 8 8 9 12 9 10 10 15 11 6 7 7 8 9 9 13 10 16 12 12 19 14 7 8 8

mm 8 9 7 9 10 8 11 7 8 8 9 9 12 12 16 8 9 9 11 11 11 13 14 14 14 8 9 12 12 14 12 14 15 15 15 17 9 11 11 12 14 14 13 16 16 19 19 19 22 11 13 13

mm 8 8 8 8 8 8 13 11 8 11 8 13 13 13 13 12 8 12 13 16 16 16 13 16 16 13 13 13 18 18 18 18 13 18 18 18 14 13 14 20 13 20 20 20 20 13 20 20 20 16 13 16


Ratio For Local Buckling

Dimension

Cx d/t 8.33 9.62 15.0 12.3 10.7 17.5 11.7 22.0 18.2 18.2 16.2 16.2 12.5 8.3 10.4 24.8 20.8 20.8 17.4 17.4 11.1 15.5 13.9 13.9 8.93 27.1 23.1 18.4 18.4 16.6 12.3 16.6 15.0 15.0 10.0 13.8 28.8 25.0 25.0 21.0 18.9 18.9 13.0 17.2 10.8 14.6 14.6 9.2 12.7 28.3 25.0 25.0

b/T 6.25 6.94 5.36 5.56 7.50 5.63 7.95 7.07 6.25 6.25 8.33 8.33 8.33 8.50 6.31 7.75 6.94 6.94 7.95 7.95 11.5 9.58 8.93 8.93 9.11 9.31 8.33 8.33 8.33 7.18 12.6 10.7 10.0 10.0 10.2 8.85 9.67 7.95 7.95 10.4 8.93 8.93 13.5 10.9 11.1 9.21 9.21 9.39 8.00 9.05 7.69 7.69

cm 1.00 1.19 1.79 1.56 1.37 1.93 1.55 2.15 2.31 2.29 1.80 1.79 1.73 2.09 1.91 2.63 2.81 2.78 2.28 2.27 2.39 1.98 2.08 2.08 2.58 3.26 3.41 2.85 2.83 2.91 2.84 2.36 2.47 2.47 3.03 2.55 3.71 3.76 3.75 3.02 3.11 3.09 3.21 2.67 3.40 2.87 2.86 3.59 3.05 4.17 4.26 4.23

STRUCTURAL TEES y x

x

Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre

100x150 100x200

125x125

125x175 125x250

150x150 150x200

150x300

175x175

175x250

175x350

200x200

kg/m 8.5 11.8 7.0 10.3 15.6 9.0 20.2 9.1 10.5 10.7 15.0 15.3 24.9 28.1 32.8 12.8 14.5 14.8 21.8 22.1 32.2 33.2 35.9 36.2 41.1 16.0 18.4 27.9 28.4 32.7 42.3 43.5 46.5 47.0 52.9 52.9 20.7 24.7 24.8 34.6 39.1 39.8 53.1 57.3 65.4 67.5 68.2 77.9 79.3 28.3 32.7 33.0



Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm4 16.2 35.1 42.4 51.7 66.4 70.4 115 93.3 114 114 124 125 185 256 251 207 247 247 288 289 445 365 412 413 589 391 461 570 571 662 857 716 798 799 1108 904 675 811 811 881 1015 1017 1423 1232 1802 1519 1521 2203 1826 1188 1390 1391

cm 1.22 1.53 2.18 1.98 1.83 2.48 2.11 2.84 2.92 2.90 2.55 2.53 2.41 2.68 2.45 3.56 3.65 3.62 3.22 3.21 3.29 2.93 3.00 2.99 3.36 4.38 4.44 4.01 3.97 3.99 3.99 3.59 3.67 3.65 4.05 3.66 5.06 5.08 5.07 4.47 4.52 4.48 4.59 4.11 4.65 4.20 4.18 4.71 4.25 5.74 5.77 5.75

cm3 4.04 6.92 7.44 8.84 10.8 10.3 16.0 12.0 14.8 14.8 15.7 15.8 22.3 32.4 29.6 21.2 25.5 25.4 29.1 29.1 45.3 35.0 39.6 39.6 59.4 33.5 39.7 48.1 48.1 55.2 72.3 57.1 63.7 63.8 92.5 71.5 49.6 59.0 59.0 63.9 73.1 73.1 104 84.8 131 104 104 158 124 76.0 88.3 88.2

cm3 13.4 23.5 6.59 15.0 37.5 10.8 56.2 11.5 13.4 13.4 33.8 33.8 80.1 83.4 109 20.5 23.5 23.5 56.2 56.2 117 134 146 146 152 29.7 33.8 80.1 80.1 94.5 183 209 225 225 233 257 45.5 56.2 56.2 124 146 146 267 323 335 388 388 404 455 72.7 86.8 86.8

cm3 7.86 13.3 13.4 16.2 20.6 18.5 30.4 21.5 26.3 26.5 28.3 28.6 42.3 59.2 58.4 37.5 45.2 45.3 52.3 52.6 81.3 65.7 74.3 74.6 108 59.5 70.7 85.6 86.1 99.6 129 105 117 118 167 134 87.6 104 104 114 130 131 185 156 234 194 195 287 236 134 156 156

cm3 20.5 35.9 10.4 23.2 57.2 16.8 85.8 17.9 20.8 21.0 51.5 51.8 122 129 166 31.8 36.3 36.6 86.0 86.4 179 204 222 222 234 45.9 52.6 123 123 145 280 317 341 342 358 390 70.1 86.7 86.8 190 222 223 409 490 513 588 589 622 691 112 133 134

cm4 66.8 147 24.7 75.2 282 48.7 492 56.8 66.9 66.9 253 254 801 851 1100 127 147 147 492 492 1469 1674 1824 1824 1938 221 254 801 801 949 2758 3120 3377 3377 3552 3866 396 492 492 1546 1824 1825 4690 5622 5923 6791 6793 7216 8002 723 868 868

cm 2.49 3.13 1.66 2.39 3.77 2.06 4.37 2.21 2.24 2.22 3.65 3.61 5.02 4.88 5.13 2.79 2.82 2.79 4.21 4.18 5.98 6.29 6.32 6.29 6.09 3.29 3.29 4.75 4.71 4.77 7.16 7.51 7.55 7.51 7.26 7.57 3.88 3.96 3.95 5.92 6.05 6.00 8.33 8.78 8.43 8.89 8.84 8.53 8.90 4.48 4.56 4.54

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus



u 0.520 0.463 0.493 0.514 0.511 0.487 0.508 0.505 0.515 0.528 0.504 0.495 0.494 0.491 0.486 0.485

Torsional Constant

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

y

Metric units

mm 50x100 62.5x125 75x75 75x100 75x150 87.5x90 87.5x175 100x100

Cx

Sectional Area

x

J

A

5.58 6.41 10.2 7.90 7.08 10.9 7.27 13.3 12.5 11.8 10.6 9.91 7.78 7.19 6.09 15.0 14.2 13.5 10.7 10.3 9.54 8.96 8.56 8.38 7.73 17.8 16.0 12.0 11.4 10.1 10.6 10.0 9.70 9.41 8.72 8.46 18.8 16.1 15.9 12.9 12.1 11.4 11.3 10.2 9.41 9.02 8.77 8.07 7.70 17.8 15.9 15.5

cm4 2.35 3.93 1.40 3.27 6.22 2.15 10.5 1.92 2.53 2.87 4.65 5.44 14.9 19.6 33.3 3.36 4.24 4.83 10.6 11.6 19.6 23.3 27.9 29.3 39.1 4.32 6.16 15.7 17.9 26.6 30.5 35.6 40.9 44.0 57.7 62.1 6.81 11.2 11.5 22.3 28.9 33.1 44.8 60.4 81.1 92.6 99.3 134 152 13.5 19.8 21.0

cm2 10.8 15.0 8.92 13.2 19.8 11.4 25.7 11.6 13.3 13.6 19.1 19.5 31.8 35.8 41.8 16.3 18.5 18.8 27.7 28.1 41.0 42.3 45.7 46.1 52.3 20.4 23.4 35.5 36.2 41.7 53.8 55.4 59.2 59.9 67.4 67.4 26.3 31.5 31.6 44.1 49.8 50.8 67.6 73.0 83.3 85.9 86.9 99.2 101 36.1 41.7 42.1

65

STRUCTURAL TEES

Structural Tees

T

B

d

Cx

y x

r

x

t

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Metric units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 200x300

200x400

225x200

225x300

250x200

250x300

300x200

300x300

350x300

400x300

450x300

66

y

b

kg/m 47.1 52.3 53.4 70.0 73.3 84.1 85.8 98.4 116.0 142.0 207.0 302.0 33.1 37.5 38.0 53.0 60.4 61.8 39.7 44.1 44.8 51.5 57.1 62.5 64.2 47.3 51.7 52.8 59.8 67.0 68.5 73.5 75.6 87.3 83.0 90.9 92.4 95.6 103.0 105.0 105.0 120.0 141.0 152.0


400x300 400x300 400x300 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 450x200 450x200 450x200 450x300 450x300 450x300 500x200 500x200 500x200 500x200 500x300 500x300 500x300 600x200 600x200 600x200 600x200 600x200 600x300 600x300 600x300 600x300 700x300 700x300 700x300 800x300 800x300 800x300 900x300 900x300 900x300 900x300

kg/m 94.3 105 107 140 147 171.6 172 200 232 283 415 605 66.2 74.9 76.0 106 121 124 77.9 88.2 89.6 102 114 125 128 92.5 103 106 120 134 137 147 151 175 166 182 185 191 207 210 210 240 283 304

Width Of Section

Depth Of Section


Root Radius

B

d

t

T

r

mm 299 300 300 402 398 405 400 408 405 407 417 432 199 200 200 299 300 300 199 200 200 201 300 300 300 199 200 200 201 202 300 300 300 302 300 300 300 300 300 300 299 300 302 303

mm 193 195 195 194 197 197 200 200 207 214 229 249 223 225 225 217 220 220 248 250 250 253 241 244 244 298 300 300 303 306 291 294 294 297 346 350 350 396 400 400 445 450 456 459

mm 9 10 10 15 11 18 13 21 18 20 30 45 8 9 9 10 11 11 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 12 13 12 12 12 14 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 18 19

mm 14 16 16 15 18 18 21 21 28 35 50 70 12 14 14 15 18 18 14 16 16 19 15 18 18 15 17 17 20 23 17 20 20 23 20 24 24 22 26 26 23 28 34 37

mm 22 13 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 18 13 18 24 13 24 20 13 20 20 26 13 26 22 13 22 22 22 28 13 28 28 28 18 28 28 18 28 18 18 18 18



Dimension

Cx d/t 21.4 19.5 19.5 12.9 17.9 10.9 15.4 9.5 11.5 10.7 7.6 5.5 27.9 25.0 25.0 21.7 20.0 20.0 27.6 25.0 25.0 23.0 21.9 22.2 22.2 29.8 27.3 27.3 25.3 23.5 24.3 24.5 24.5 21.2 26.6 26.9 26.9 28.3 28.6 28.6 29.7 28.1 25.3 24.2

b/T 10.7 9.38 9.38 13.4 11.1 11.3 9.52 9.71 7.23 5.81 4.17 3.09 8.29 7.14 7.14 9.97 8.33 8.33 7.11 6.25 6.25 5.29 10.0 8.33 8.33 6.63 5.88 5.88 5.03 4.39 8.82 7.50 7.50 6.57 7.50 6.25 6.25 6.82 5.77 5.77 6.50 5.36 4.44 4.09

cm 3.33 3.43 3.41 3.70 3.01 3.89 3.21 4.07 3.68 3.90 4.85 6.13 5.10 5.19 5.15 4.04 4.09 4.05 5.90 6.03 5.96 5.95 4.92 4.72 4.66 7.79 7.95 7.84 7.79 7.79 6.39 6.17 6.08 6.33 7.99 7.63 7.55 9.66 9.27 9.18 11.7 11.4 11.3 11.4

STRUCTURAL TEES y x

x

Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre

200x400

225x200

225x300

250x200

250x300

300x200

300x300

350x300

400x300

450x300

kg/m 47.1 52.3 53.4 70.0 73.3 84.1 85.8 98.4 116.0 142.0 207.0 302.0 33.1 37.5 38.0 53.0 60.4 61.8 39.7 44.1 44.8 51.5 57.1 62.5 64.2 47.3 51.7 52.8 59.8 67.0 68.5 73.5 75.6 87.3 83.0 90.9 92.4 95.6 103.0 105.0 105.0 120.0 141.0 152.0

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 1524 1728 1732 2480 2047 3052 2478 3652 3626 4380 7470 13250 1861 2142 2144 2341 2676 2681 2814 3187 3190 3650 3401 3607 3615 5127 5743 5749 6512 7288 6315 6668 6679 7892 11220 11960 11970 17590 18680 18690 25750 29030 34070 36650

cm4 3122 3602 3604 8129 9461 9977 11210 11900 15510 19680 30260 47180 790 935 936 3346 4053 4055 922 1069 1070 1290 3381 4053 4056 989 1137 1139 1360 1588 3834 4505 4509 5291 4511 5408 5411 4964 5860 5864 5137 6316 7827 8604


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm 5.04 5.09 5.05 5.27 4.68 5.34 4.76 5.40 4.95 4.93 5.32 5.87 6.65 6.70 6.66 5.89 5.90 5.84 7.45 7.54 7.47 7.46 6.84 6.73 6.65 9.23 9.34 9.25 9.24 9.24 8.51 8.44 8.33 8.43 10.3 10.2 10.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 13.9 13.8 13.8 13.8

cm3 95.5 108 108 158 123 193 148 229 213 250 414 706 108 124 124 133 149 149 149 168 168 189 177 183 183 233 261 259 289 319 278 287 286 338 422 437 436 588 608 607 785 863 994 1061

cm3 209 240 240 404 475 493 560 584 766 967 1451 2184 79.4 93.5 93.6 224 270 270 92.7 107 107 128 225 270 270 99.4 114 114 135 157 256 300 301 350 301 361 361 331 391 391 344 421 518 568

cm3 170 192 193 280 226 346 276 414 410 504 863 1501 193 219 220 235 265 267 266 299 300 337 314 323 325 424 470 470 522 574 494 505 508 601 751 771 774 1053 1076 1078 1415 1541 1773 1892

cm3 318 365 367 619 720 755 850 897 1166 1470 2218 3362 123 145 145 343 412 414 145 166 167 201 348 412 415 158 179 181 214 249 396 461 464 542 468 555 558 518 605 608 539 659 811 889

cm 7.21 7.35 7.28 9.54 10.1 9.65 10.1 9.8 10.2 10.4 10.7 11.1 4.33 4.43 4.40 7.04 7.26 7.18 4.27 4.36 4.33 4.43 6.82 7.14 7.04 4.05 4.16 4.12 4.22 4.31 6.63 6.94 6.84 6.90 6.53 6.83 6.78 6.39 6.67 6.62 6.20 6.43 6.59 6.67

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus



u 0.565 0.563 0.559 0.598 0.599 0.594 0.582 0.167 0.660 0.662 0.656 0.644 0.636 0.501 0.465 0.460 0.466 0.572 0.540 0.536 0.617 0.591 0.588 0.662 0.639 0.627 0.623

Torsional Constant

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

y

Metric units

mm 200x300

Cx

Sectional Area

x

J

A

12.9 12.3 11.6 11.3 10.5 9.62 9.11 8.38 7.04 5.83 4.27 3.21 18.2 16.8 16.1 13.5 12.5 11.7 17.6 16.7 15.8 13.8 14.7 14.0 13.0 19.9 19.2 18.0 15.9 14.2 16.1 15.6 14.4 12.8 17.2 15.7 15.0 18.4 17.0 16.3 21.1 17.9 15.1 14.0

cm4 39.9 49.7 56.7 77.7 96.8 131 151 205 356 657 1934 5488 19.1 25.7 28.4 51.9 70.5 81.6 30.3 37.9 42.8 65.7 58.8 71.5 85.8 41.1 48.5 56.3 83.2 118 86.2 99.3 120 178 130 171 191 170 220 243 180 289 488 616

cm2 60.0 66.6 68.0 89.2 93.4 107 109 125 148 180 264 385 42.1 47.7 48.4 67.5 76.9 78.7 50.6 56.1 57.1 65.6 72.8 79.6 81.8 60.2 65.9 67.2 76.2 85.3 87.2 93.6 96.2 111 106 116 118 122 132 134 133 153 180 194

67

STRUCTURAL TEES

Structural Tees

T

B

d

Cx

y x

r

x

t

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

y b

Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre Bxd mm 102x76

102x127

102x152

127x152

127x178 133x102 140x203 146x127

152x76

152x229

165x102 165x152

165x267

171x178

178x203

68

kg/m 6.70 8.93 11.91 11.00 12.60 14.20 12.40 14.10 16.40 18.50 21.00 24.00 16.50 19.50 12.50 15.00 19.50 23.00 15.60 18.50 21.50 11.50 15.00 18.50 26.20 29.90 33.60 34.23 37.10 41.00 17.86 20.83 19.35 20.10 22.32 23.10 26.04 27.00 32.74 37.20 42.41 22.50 25.50 28.50 33.50 27.10 30.00 33.60 37.10 42.41


152x102 152x102 152x102 254x102 254x102 254x102 305x102 305x102 305x102 305x127 305x127 305x127 356x127 356x127 203x133 203x133 406x140 406x140 254x146 254x146 254x146 152x152 152x152 152x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 203x165 203x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 533x165 533x165 533x165 356x171 356x171 356x171 356x171 406x178 406x178 406x178 406x178 406x178

kg/m 13.4 17.9 23.8 22.0 25.0 28.0 25.0 28.0 33.0 37.0 42.0 48.0 33.0 39.0 25.0 30.0 39.0 46.0 31.0 37.0 43.0 23.0 30.0 37.0 52.0 60.0 67.0 68.5 74.0 82.0 35.7 41.7 38.7 40.0 44.6 46.0 52.1 54.0 65.5 74.4 84.8 45.0 51.0 57.0 67.0 54.0 60.0 67.0 74.0 84.8

Width Of Section

Depth Of Section


Root Radius

B

d

t

T

r

mm 100.1 101.6 102.4 101.6 101.9 102.2 101.6 101.8 102.4 123.4 124.3 125.3 125.4 126.0 133.2 133.9 141.8 142.2 146.1 146.4 147.3 152.2 152.9 154.4 152.4 152.9 153.8 153.9 154.4 155.3 165.0 166.0 164.8 165.0 165.6 165.7 166.6 166.9 165.1 165.9 166.5 171.1 171.5 172.2 173.2 177.7 177.9 178.8 179.5 180.8

mm 74.9 76.6 79.8 126.9 128.5 130.1 152.5 154.3 156.3 152.1 153.5 155.4 174.4 176.6 101.5 103.3 198.9 201.5 125.6 127.9 129.7 76.1 78.7 80.8 224.8 227.2 228.9 229.4 230.9 232.8 100.7 102.4 155.2 151.6 156.7 153.2 158.8 155.1 262.4 264.5 267.5 175.6 177.4 178.9 181.6 201.2 203.1 204.6 206.3 208.7

mm 4.32 5.84 6.60 5.70 6.00 6.30 5.80 6.00 6.60 7.10 8.00 9.00 6.00 6.60 5.70 6.40 6.40 6.80 6.00 6.30 7.20 5.80 6.50 8.00 7.60 8.10 9.00 9.14 9.60 10.50 6.22 7.24 5.84 6.00 6.60 6.70 7.62 7.90 8.89 9.65 10.29 7.00 7.40 8.10 9.10 7.70 7.90 8.80 9.50 10.92

mm 5.46 7.11 10.29 6.80 8.40 10.00 7.00 8.80 10.80 10.70 12.10 14.00 8.50 10.70 7.80 9.60 8.60 11.20 8.60 10.90 12.70 6.80 9.40 11.50 10.90 13.30 15.00 15.37 17.00 18.90 10.16 11.81 9.65 10.20 11.18 11.80 13.21 13.70 11.43 13.59 16.51 9.70 11.50 13.00 15.70 10.90 12.80 14.30 16.00 18.16

mm 6.4 6.4 6.4 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 8.9 8.9 8.9 10.2 10.2 7.6 7.6 10.2 10.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 7.6 8.9 7.6 8.9 7.6 8.9 12.7 12.7 12.7 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2


Ratios For Local Buckling

Dimension

Cx d/t 17.3 13.1 12.1 22.3 21.4 20.7 26.3 25.7 23.7 21.4 19.2 17.3 29.1 26.8 17.8 16.1 31.1 29.6 20.9 20.3 18.0 13.1 12.1 10.1 29.6 28.0 25.4 25.1 24.1 22.2 16.2 14.1 26.6 25.3 23.7 22.9 20.8 19.6 29.5 27.4 26.0 25.1 24.0 22.1 20.0 26.1 25.7 23.3 21.7 19.1

b/T 9.17 7.14 4.98 7.47 6.07 5.11 7.26 5.78 4.74 5.77 5.14 4.48 7.38 5.89 8.54 6.97 8.24 6.35 8.49 6.72 5.80 11.2 8.13 6.71 6.99 5.75 5.13 5.01 4.54 4.11 8.12 7.03 8.54 8.09 7.41 7.02 6.31 6.09 7.22 6.10 5.04 8.82 7.46 6.62 5.52 8.15 6.95 6.25 5.61 4.98

cm 1.58 1.72 1.72 3.45 3.32 3.24 4.43 4.20 4.14 3.78 3.87 3.94 4.56 4.44 2.10 2.11 5.32 5.02 2.66 2.55 2.64 1.39 1.41 1.53 6.04 5.84 5.91 5.92 5.88 5.96 1.76 1.87 3.16 3.03 3.22 3.07 3.31 3.21 7.58 7.44 7.24 4.05 3.94 3.97 4.00 4.83 4.64 4.73 4.76 4.93

STRUCTURAL TEES y

y

Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre



Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

mm 102x76

cm4 39.4 54.8 70.3 221 249 276 374 418 485 499 571 660 621 724 131 154 971 1117 259 292 343 58.5 72.3 93.2 1660 1871 2113 2161 2325 2589 147 176 485 467 560 535 664 641 2934 3317 3745 795 879 984 1152 1289 1391 1569 1733 2026

cm 2.14 2.19 2.14 3.97 3.94 3.91 4.86 4.83 4.81 4.60 4.62 4.64 5.43 5.39 2.86 2.84 6.26 6.17 3.61 3.52 3.54 2.00 1.94 1.99 7.06 7.01 7.03 7.03 7.02 7.04 2.54 2.57 4.44 4.27 4.44 4.27 4.46 4.32 8.37 8.36 8.33 5.27 5.21 5.21 5.19 6.11 6.03 6.06 6.06 6.12

cm3 6.67 9.22 11.2 23.9 26.1 28.2 34.5 37.2 42.2 43.6 49.7 56.9 48.2 54.7 16.2 18.7 66.7 73.8 26.1 28.5 33.2 9.41 11.2 14.2 101 111 124 127 135 149 17.7 21.0 39.3 38.5 45.0 43.7 52.8 52.1 157 174 192 58.8 63.7 70.7 81.4 84.3 88.8 99.8 109 127

cm3 9.14 12.3 18.0 11.8 14.6 17.5 12.1 15.3 19.0 27.3 31.3 36.8 22.4 28.4 23.1 28.7 28.9 37.9 30.6 39.0 46.0 26.3 36.7 45.7 42.3 52.0 59.4 60.9 67.8 76.3 46.2 54.3 43.7 46.3 51.2 54.1 61.2 63.7 52.2 62.7 76.7 47.4 56.5 64.4 78.7 57.5 67.6 76.4 86.1 99.2

cm3 11.8 16.5 20.6 44.3 46.9 50.4 63.3 69.1 75.8 77.9 88.9 102 87.2 98.1 28.7 33.5 123 132 46.0 50.7 59.5 16.9 20.9 27.1 187 199 223 227 242 267 32.4 39.0 68.8 67.7 79.1 77.2 93.6 92.8 288 319 347 104 113 125 145 150 157 177 194 226

cm3 14.0 18.9 27.7 18.5 22.9 27.3 19.3 24.1 29.9 42.5 49.0 57.8 34.9 44.3 35.4 44.0 45.2 58.8 46.9 59.6 70.4 40.0 55.7 69.6 66.4 81.2 93.0 95.5 106.2 119.9 70.0 82.5 66.8 70.7 78.2 82.6 93.8 97.6 82.9 99.4 121 73.0 86.8 99.1 121 89 104 118 133 154

102x127

102x152

127x152

127x178 133x102 140x203 146x127

152x76

152x229

165x102 165x152

165x267

171x178

178x203

x

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

Cx

kg/m 6.70 8.93 11.91 11.00 12.60 14.20 12.40 14.10 16.40 18.50 21.00 24.00 16.50 19.50 12.50 15.00 19.50 23.00 15.60 18.50 21.50 11.50 15.00 18.50 26.20 29.90 33.60 34.23 37.10 41.00 17.86 20.83 19.35 20.10 22.32 23.10 26.04 27.00 32.74 37.20 42.41 22.50 25.50 28.50 33.50 27.10 30.00 33.60 37.10 42.41

cm4 45.7 62.3 92.3 59.7 74.4 89.3 61.5 77.7 97.1 168 194 231 140 179 154 192 205 269 224 285 339 200 280 353 323 397 456 469 523 592 381 451 360 382 424 448 510 532 431 520 638 406 484 554 681 511 602 683 773 897

cm 2.30 2.33 2.46 2.07 2.16 2.23 1.97 2.08 2.15 2.67 2.70 2.74 2.58 2.68 3.10 3.17 2.87 3.03 3.36 3.48 3.52 3.70 3.83 3.87 3.11 3.23 3.27 3.28 3.33 3.37 4.08 4.12 3.82 3.86 3.86 3.91 3.91 3.93 3.21 3.31 3.44 3.76 3.86 3.91 3.99 3.85 3.97 4.00 4.04 4.07

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

J

A

13.1 10.2 7.67 18.2 15.7 13.8 21.8 18.7 15.8 14.9 13.3 11.7 21.1 17.6 12.8 10.8 23.8 19.5 14.8 12.2 10.6 10.4 8.00 6.67 22.0 18.8 16.8 16.5 15.1 13.7 9.63 8.43 16.9 15.5 14.8 13.6 12.7 11.8 23.5 20.6 17.8 18.4 16.1 14.4 12.2 19.2 16.9 15.2 13.8 12.3

cm4 0.841 1.87 4.64 2.06 3.20 4.77 2.37 3.69 6.08 7.36 10.5 15.8 4.38 7.53 2.97 5.13 5.33 9.49 4.26 7.65 11.9 2.30 5.24 9.54 10.7 16.9 23.8 25.4 32.9 44.5 7.22 11.2 6.22 7.35 9.49 11.1 15.4 17.3 16.0 23.7 36.8 7.90 11.9 16.6 27.8 11.5 16.6 23.0 31.3 46.0

cm2 8.64 11.5 15.3 14.0 16.0 18.0 15.8 17.9 20.9 23.6 26.7 30.6 21.1 24.9 16.0 19.1 24.8 29.3 19.8 23.6 27.4 14.6 19.1 23.5 33.3 38.1 42.8 43.7 47.2 52.3 22.8 26.6 24.7 25.7 28.4 29.4 33.3 34.4 41.9 47.4 54.0 28.7 32.4 36.3 42.7 34.5 38.3 42.8 47.2 54.1

0.662 0.628 0.606 0.701 0.681 0.656 0.606 0.606 0.602 0.654 0.632 0.673 0.633 0.375 0.230 0.198 0.678 0.648 0.646 0.645 0.636 0.634 0.434 0.392 0.427 0.379 0.422 0.388 0.704 0.692 0.672 0.546 0.521 0.514 0.499 0.587 0.561 0.561 0.555 0.559

Torsional Constant

Sectional Area

69

STRUCTURAL TEES

Structural Tees

T

B

d

Cx

y x

r

x

t

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

y b

Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre Bxd mm 178x305 191x229

203x102

203x127

203x152

210x267

229x305

254x127

254x178

254x343

267x381

70

kg/m 40.92 46.13 33.60 37.10 41.00 44.60 48.37 49.20 52.83 23.00 26.00 30.00 35.50 43.00 49.85 24.55 29.02 33.48 29.76 33.48 37.20 41.10 46.10 50.50 54.50 61.00 61.76 69.20 50.60 56.50 62.50 69.90 36.50 40.18 44.50 50.60 53.50 57.29 66.00 74.41 83.34 45.39 50.60 55.06 61.01 62.60 69.94 75.90 84.83 73.66 80.36 86.31 92.27 98.22


610x178 610x178 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 203x203 203x203 203x203 203x203 203x203 203x203 254x203 254x203 254x203 305x203 305x203 305x203 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 610x229 610x229 610x229 610x229 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 356x254 356x254 356x254 356x254 686x254 686x254 686x254 686x254 762x267 762x267 762x267 762x267 762x267

kg/m 81.8 92.3 67.0 74.0 82.0 89.0 96.7 98.0 106 46.0 52.0 60.0 71.0 86.0 99.7 49.1 58.0 67.0 59.5 67.0 74.4 82.0 92.0 101 109 122 124 138 101 113 125 140 73 80 89 101 107 115 132 149 167 91 101 110 122 125 140 152 170 147 161 173 185 196

Width Of Section

Depth Of Section


Root Radius

B

d

t

T

r

mm 177.9 178.8 189.9 190.4 191.3 191.9 192.8 192.8 193.9 203.6 204.3 205.8 206.4 209.1 210.3 202.2 202.8 203.7 203.3 204.3 205.2 208.8 209.3 210.0 210.8 211.9 212.2 213.9 227.6 228.2 229.0 230.2 254.6 254.8 256.3 257.3 258.8 258.8 261.3 262.6 264.5 253.9 254.9 255.8 257.3 253.0 253.7 254.4 255.8 265.4 266.1 266.6 267.1 267.8

mm 299.3 301.5 226.6 228.4 229.9 231.6 233.0 233.5 234.6 101.5 103.0 104.7 107.8 111.0 114.3 123.6 126.0 128.3 151.6 143.2 154.8 264.1 266.5 268.3 269.7 272.2 272.2 274.6 301.2 303.7 306.0 308.5 127.0 128.1 130.1 132.1 133.3 134.6 138.1 139.7 144.3 176.4 178.3 180.0 181.7 338.9 341.9 344.0 346.6 376.6 378.8 381.2 383.2 384.9

mm 10.03 10.92 8.50 9.00 9.90 10.50 11.43 11.40 12.57 7.20 7.90 9.40 10.00 12.70 14.48 7.37 8.00 8.89 7.49 8.51 9.40 9.60 10.10 10.80 11.60 12.70 18.08 14.73 10.50 11.10 11.90 13.10 8.60 9.40 10.30 11.94 12.80 13.46 15.30 17.27 19.18 9.53 10.54 11.43 12.95 11.70 12.45 13.08 14.48 13.21 13.84 14.35 14.86 15.62

mm 12.83 14.99 12.70 14.50 16.00 17.70 19.05 19.60 20.57 11.00 12.50 14.20 17.30 20.50 23.75 11.05 13.46 15.75 13.08 14.60 16.26 13.20 15.60 17.40 18.80 21.30 21.21 23.62 14.80 17.30 19.60 22.10 14.20 15.62 17.30 19.56 20.50 22.10 25.30 28.45 31.75 16.38 18.29 20.94 21.72 16.20 18.92 21.08 23.62 17.02 19.30 21.59 23.62 25.40

mm 12.7 12.7 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.2 15.2 15.2 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5



Dimension

Cx d/t 29.8 27.6 26.7 25.4 23.2 22.1 20.4 20.5 18.7 14.1 13.0 11.1 10.8 8.74 7.89 16.8 15.8 14.4 20.2 16.8 16.5 27.5 26.4 24.8 23.3 21.4 15.1 18.6 28.7 27.4 25.7 23.5 14.8 13.6 12.6 11.1 10.4 10.0 9.03 8.09 7.52 18.5 16.9 15.8 14.0 29.0 27.5 26.3 23.9 28.5 27.4 26.6 25.8 24.6

b/T 6.93 5.96 7.48 6.57 5.98 5.42 5.06 4.92 4.71 9.25 8.17 7.25 5.97 5.10 4.43 9.15 7.53 6.47 7.77 7.00 6.31 7.91 6.71 6.03 5.61 4.97 5.00 4.53 7.69 6.60 5.84 5.21 8.96 8.16 7.41 6.58 6.31 5.86 5.16 4.62 4.17 7.75 6.97 6.11 5.92 7.81 6.70 6.03 5.41 7.80 6.89 6.17 5.65 5.27

cm 8.88 8.79 5.46 5.38 5.47 5.47 5.58 5.53 5.73 1.69 1.75 1.89 1.95 2.20 2.38 2.21 2.22 2.31 2.75 2.63 2.96 6.75 6.55 6.53 6.61 6.66 6.76 6.95 7.78 7.58 7.54 7.61 2.05 2.12 2.21 2.37 2.45 2.51 2.70 2.85 3.07 3.16 3.27 3.32 3.53 8.85 8.67 8.57 8.69 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.90 9.91

STRUCTURAL TEES y

y

Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 178x305 191x229

203x102

203x127

203x152

210x267

229x305

254x127

254x178 254x178x55 254x343

267x381

x

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

Cx

kg/m 40.92 46.13 33.60 37.10 41.00 44.60 48.37 49.20 52.83 23.00 26.00 30.00 35.50 43.00 49.85 24.55 29.02 33.48 29.76 33.48 37.20 41.10 46.10 50.50 54.50 61.00 61.76 69.20 50.60 56.50 62.50 69.90 36.50 40.18 44.50 50.60 53.50 57.29 66.00 74.41 83.34 45.39 50.60 55.06 61.01 62.60 69.94 75.90 84.83 73.66 80.36 86.31 92.27 98.22

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 4818 5427 2028 2218 2468 2679 2937 2962 3252 177 200 244 281 373 452 321 368 427 599 568 778 3510 3870 4232 4591 5149 5240 5989 5666 6244 6880 7724 418 463 524 621 676 726 871 995 1193 1204 1358 1503 1712 8930 9906 10680 12010 13340 14440 15470 16410 17480

cm4 605 718 726 836 936 1045 1141 1174 1254 774 889 1032 1269 1564 1844 762 937 1111 918 1040 1173 1004 1195 1346 1472 1694 1690 1934 1458 1717 1966 2253 1954 2155 2429 2779 2964 3196 3766 4299 4904 2237 2527 2924 3088 2192 2581 2900 3305 2661 3041 3421 3763 4079


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm 9.60 9.61 6.89 6.85 6.87 6.86 6.90 6.88 6.95 2.45 2.46 2.53 2.49 2.61 2.67 3.20 3.16 3.16 3.97 3.69 4.05 8.19 8.12 8.11 8.13 8.14 8.18 8.24 9.38 9.32 9.29 9.31 3.00 3.01 3.04 3.10 3.15 3.15 3.22 3.24 3.35 4.56 4.59 4.55 4.70 10.6 10.5 10.5 10.5 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.8 11.8

cm3 229 254 118 127 141 151 166 166 183 20.9 23.4 28.4 31.8 41.9 50.0 31.7 35.5 40.5 48.3 48.6 62.1 179 193 208 225 250 193 292 254 274 298 332 39.2 43.3 48.6 57.3 62.2 66.3 78.4 89.5 105 83.2 93.2 102 117 357 388 414 463 489 522 550 577 612

cm3 68.0 80.3 76.5 87.8 97.8 109 118 122 129 76.1 87.0 100 123 150 175 75.4 92.4 109 90.3 102 114 96.2 114 128 140 160 159 181 128 151 172 196 154 169 190 216 229 247 288 327 371 176 198 229 240 173 204 228 258 201 229 257 282 305

cm3 419 465 209 225 250 269 295 296 327 39.0 44.5 54.4 63.6 84.6 103 57.0 65.4 76.2 86.7 88.6 113 320 343 371 401 446 449 522 456 489 531 592 74.1 82.8 94.1 112 122 132 159 185 219 150 170 189 215 643 695 738 825 892 944 990 1035 1095

cm3 109 128 118 136 152 169 184 189 202 115 132 152 187 228 267 114 140 166 137 155 174 150 177 199 217 249 259 284 200 234 267 305 232 256 287 328 348 375 438 499 566 268 302 348 366 270 317 355 403 315 359 402 441 477

cm 3.40 3.50 4.12 4.20 4.23 4.29 4.30 4.33 4.32 5.14 5.18 5.20 5.30 5.34 5.39 4.93 5.03 5.10 4.92 4.99 4.98 4.38 4.51 4.57 4.60 4.67 4.65 4.68 4.76 4.89 4.97 5.03 6.48 6.50 6.55 6.57 6.59 6.62 6.69 6.74 6.79 6.22 6.26 6.34 6.31 5.24 5.38 5.47 5.53 5.32 5.45 5.57 5.65 5.70

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

J

A

24.2 21.5 18.9 16.9 15.5 14.1 13.2 12.9 12.2 8.86 7.92 7.04 5.96 5.11 4.51 10.7 9.12 7.96 11.4 9.56 9.40 20.8 18.3 16.6 15.5 13.8 13.8 12.5 21.6 19.0 17.1 15.3 8.63 7.91 7.24 6.47 6.20 5.80 5.17 4.61 4.24 10.7 9.71 8.57 8.30 22.0 19.4 17.7 16.0 22.8 20.8 19.1 17.7 16.6

cm4 24.5 35.4 18.5 25.8 34.5 45.2 56.7 60.5 72.2 11.0 15.8 23.5 40.0 68.1 105 12.1 20.3 31.4 19.8 27.0 37.0 25.7 37.7 50.3 63.0 88.9 90.8 125 38.3 55.5 76.9 108 28.8 37.9 51.1 73.9 85.9 106 159 225 312 45.6 62.7 91.1 105 57.9 83.7 110 152 78.1 103 133 166 202

cm2 52.2 58.8 42.7 47.3 52.2 56.9 61.6 62.6 67.2 29.4 33.1 38.2 45.2 54.8 63.5 31.3 37.0 42.8 38.0 41.8 47.4 52.3 58.7 64.3 69.4 77.7 78.7 88.2 64.4 72.0 79.7 89.1 46.5 51.1 56.6 64.5 68.2 73.0 84.1 94.6 106 57.8 64.5 72.7 77.6 79.7 89.2 96.9 108 93.8 102 110 118 125

0.716 0.708 0.597 0.583 0.583 0.576 0.579 0.573 0.583 0.634 0.613 0.606 0.605 0.600 0.599 0.609 0.644 0.626 0.617 0.613 0.651 0.635 0.624 0.623 0.680 0.667 0.654 0.645 0.641

Torsional Constant

Sectional Area

71

STRUCTURAL TEES

Structural Tees

T

B

d

Cx

y x

r

x

t

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

y b


292x419

305x152

305x305 305x457

305x508

312x267

324x305

356x343

368x178

72

kg/m 56.55 64.00 72.18 78.87 88.55 87.80 96.70 104.9 113.1 48.40 53.57 58.90 64.73 68.50 71.43 79.00 89.29 101.2 113.1 126.5 141.4 74.60 89.50 100.5 111.6 119.1 126.5 135.4 144.4 156.3 111.0 124.0 136.0 157.0 175.0 75.15 82.59 90.78 98.22 109.4 77.38 87.06 97.47 108.6 120.5 109.0 120.0 132.0 66.97 73.66 81.10 89.29 98.22


457x279 457x279 457x279 457x279 457x279 838x292 838x292 838x292 838x292 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 610x305 610x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 1016x305 1016x305 1016x305 1016x305 1016x305 533x312 533x312 533x312 533x312 533x312 610x324 610x324 610x324 610x324 610x324 686x356 686x356 686x356 356x368 356x368 356x368 356x368 356x368

kg/m 113 128 144 158 177 176 193 210 226 97 107 118 129 137 143 158 179 202 226 253 283 149 179 201 223 238 253 271 289 313 222 248 272 314 350 150 165 182 196 219 155 174 195 217 241 218 240 264 134 147 162 179 196

Width Of Section

Depth Of Section


Root Radius

B

d

t

T

r

mm 280.3 281.7 283.1 284.5 286.1 291.6 292.4 293.0 293.8 305.3 305.8 307.4 308.0 309.2 308.9 311.2 312.9 315.0 317.0 319.3 321.8 304.8 307.1 303.5 304.2 304.8 305.6 306.7 307.7 309.4 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 302.0 312.2 313.4 314.7 316.0 317.8 323.9 325.1 326.5 327.7 329.1 355.0 356.0 358.0 368.8 370.0 371.0 372.6 374.0

mm 231.3 232.6 236.1 237.9 240.9 417.3 420.2 422.9 425.3 153.9 155.6 157.2 159.1 160.2 161.4 163.5 166.6 170.3 174.1 178.2 182.6 306.1 310.0 451.5 455.3 457.3 459.4 461.4 463.4 466.0 485.0 490.0 495.0 500.0 504.0 271.3 273.2 275.3 277.2 280.2 305.6 308.1 310.9 314.2 317.5 348.0 350.0 353.0 178.1 179.8 181.9 183.9 186.2

mm 10.80 12.19 13.59 14.99 16.64 13.97 14.73 15.37 16.13 9.90 10.92 12.00 13.08 13.80 13.97 15.80 18.03 20.07 22.10 24.38 26.92 11.80 14.10 15.24 15.88 16.51 17.27 18.42 19.43 21.08 16.00 16.50 16.50 19.10 21.10 12.70 13.97 15.24 16.51 18.29 12.70 13.97 15.37 16.51 17.91 15.40 16.80 18.40 11.28 12.32 13.34 14.99 16.38

mm 17.27 19.56 22.10 23.88 26.92 18.80 21.72 24.38 26.80 15.40 17.02 18.70 20.57 21.70 22.86 25.00 28.07 31.75 35.56 39.62 44.07 19.70 23.60 20.07 23.88 25.91 27.94 29.97 32.00 34.54 21.10 26.00 31.00 35.90 40.00 20.32 22.22 24.38 26.29 29.21 19.05 21.59 24.38 27.69 30.99 24.80 27.40 30.20 18.03 19.81 21.84 23.88 26.16

mm 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.5 16.5 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2



Dimension

Cx d/t 21.4 19.1 17.4 15.9 14.5 29.9 28.5 27.5 26.4 15.5 14.2 13.1 12.2 11.6 11.6 10.3 9.24 8.49 7.88 7.31 6.78 25.9 22.0 29.6 28.7 27.7 26.6 25.0 23.8 22.1 30.3 29.7 30.0 26.2 23.9 21.4 19.6 18.1 16.8 15.3 24.1 22.1 20.2 19.0 17.7 22.6 20.8 19.2 15.8 14.6 13.6 12.3 11.4

b/T 8.12 7.20 6.40 5.96 5.31 7.76 6.73 6.01 5.48 9.91 8.98 8.22 7.49 7.12 6.76 6.22 5.57 4.96 4.46 4.03 3.65 7.74 6.51 7.56 6.37 5.88 5.47 5.12 4.81 4.48 7.11 5.77 4.84 4.18 3.78 7.68 7.05 6.45 6.01 5.44 8.50 7.53 6.70 5.92 5.31 7.16 6.50 5.93 10.2 9.34 8.49 7.80 7.15

cm 4.58 4.69 4.84 5.00 5.15 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.8 2.50 2.60 2.69 2.79 2.86 2.88 3.04 3.25 3.44 3.64 3.86 4.11 6.45 6.69 12.6 12.1 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.4 13.9 13.2 12.5 12.9 13.1 5.53 5.66 5.78 5.91 6.08 6.59 6.65 6.73 6.75 6.85 7.49 7.59 7.74 2.80 2.89 2.98 3.14 3.27

STRUCTURAL TEES y

y

Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 279x229

292x419

305x152

305x305 305x457

305x508

312x267

324x305

356x343

368x178

x

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

Cx

kg/m 56.55 64.00 72.18 78.87 88.55 87.80 96.70 104.9 113.1 48.40 53.57 58.90 64.73 68.50 71.43 79.00 89.29 101.2 113.1 126.5 141.4 74.60 89.50 100.5 111.6 119.1 126.5 135.4 144.4 156.3 111.0 124.0 136.0 157.0 175.0 75.15 82.59 90.78 98.22 109.4 77.38 87.06 97.47 108.6 120.5 109.0 120.0 132.0 66.97 73.66 81.10 89.29 98.22

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 2987 3387 3902 4340 4938 19410 21260 22890 24560 858 965 1080 1205 1287 1330 1533 1807 2107 2434 2824 3288 7397 9026 26340 28940 30670 32610 35080 37400 40900 33450 36990 39550 46440 52090 5599 6221 6881 7532 8506 7854 8815 9904 10970 12200 14010 15430 17180 1530 1701 1887 2152 2408

cm4 3172 3647 4184 4589 5262 3897 4539 5126 5681 3655 4059 4530 5013 5351 5620 6285 7175 8282 9455 10770 12260 4655 5705 4693 5621 6135 6668 7233 7800 8564 4782 5886 7011 8125 9239 5158 5707 6341 6924 7827 5400 6189 7081 8132 9220 9258 10320 11570 7540 8366 9299 10300 11410


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm 6.44 6.45 6.51 6.57 6.61 13.2 13.1 13.1 13.0 3.73 3.76 3.79 3.82 3.84 3.82 3.90 3.99 4.04 4.11 4.18 4.27 8.82 8.90 14.3 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.3 15.4 15.3 15.1 15.2 15.3 7.64 7.68 7.71 7.76 7.81 8.92 8.92 8.93 8.89 8.90 10.0 10.1 10.1 4.23 4.25 4.27 4.35 4.39

cm3 161 182 208 231 261 639 687 729 775 66.5 74.5 82.9 91.8 97.8 100 115 135 155 177 202 232 306 371 809 867 911 961 1031 1095 1195 965 1033 1070 1252 1398 259 287 316 345 388 328 365 407 445 490 513 563 624 102 113 124 141 157

cm3 226 259 296 323 368 267 310 350 387 239 265 295 326 346 364 404 459 526 597 674 762 305 372 309 370 403 436 472 507 554 319 392 467 542 612 330 364 403 438 493 333 381 434 496 560 522 580 646 409 452 501 553 610

cm3 284 323 371 414 470 1163 1239 1307 1385 123 139 156 175 188 195 225 266 311 361 419 488 538 656 1477 1565 1639 1727 1852 1965 2146 1778 1953 1921 2251 2512 457 508 562 616 695 576 643 719 790 874 904 996 1106 190 212 236 271 305

cm3 345 396 453 495 566 419 486 547 604 362 402 447 494 525 552 614 698 802 910 1030 1166 468 571 487 580 631 685 741 798 875 504 617 729 850 964 505 558 618 673 759 511 584 667 763 862 801 891 995 618 684 759 838 926

cm 6.64 6.69 6.74 6.76 6.82 5.90 6.06 6.18 6.27 7.70 7.72 7.77 7.80 7.83 7.86 7.90 7.94 8.02 8.09 8.17 8.25 7.00 7.07 6.05 6.28 6.36 6.43 6.47 6.51 6.55 5.82 6.10 6.36 6.37 6.45 7.33 7.36 7.40 7.44 7.49 7.39 7.47 7.55 7.66 7.74 8.17 8.22 8.29 9.39 9.43 9.48 9.51 9.55

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

J

A

13.9 12.4 11.1 10.3 9.22 23.3 20.8 19.0 17.5 9.64 8.81 8.09 7.44 7.09 6.79 6.25 5.63 5.06 4.60 4.20 3.84 16.4 13.8 23.5 20.7 19.3 18.1 17.0 16.0 14.9 23.1 20.1 17.6 15.4 14.0 13.9 12.8 11.7 10.9 9.92 16.8 15.0 13.4 12.0 10.8 14.8 13.5 12.3 9.63 8.83 8.09 7.45 6.86

cm4 58.8 85.0 122 155 220 110 153 201 256 45.5 60.8 80.3 106 124 142 188 267 384 535 736 1010 99.8 170 145 210 257 312 383 460 580 191 287 412 625 851 108 142 186 234 320 98.0 139 197 279 384 227 303 404 84.6 111 148 195 255

cm2 72.0 81.5 92.1 100 113 112 124 134 144 61.72 68.17 75.09 82.47 87.20 90.96 101 114 129 144 161 180 95.0 114 128 143 152 161 173 184 199 141 158 173 200 222 96.0 105 116 125 139 98.8 111 124 139 154 139 153 168 85.5 94.0 103 114 125

0.675 0.659 0.647 0.639 0.483 0.484 0.688 0.666 0.659 0.654 0.654 0.652 0.653 0.701 0.689 0.648 0.651 0.651 0.320 0.325 0.322 0.325 0.326 0.469 0.461 0.455 0.439 0.431 0.475 0.472 0.471 -

Torsional Constant

Sectional Area

73

STRUCTURAL TEES

Structural Tees

T

B

d

Cx

y x

r

x

t

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

y b


400x419

406x178

406x508

419x457

457x508

74

kg/m 129.0 142.0 157.0 150.0 165.0 179.0 107.9 118.3 131.0 143.6 157.0 173.4 191.2 211.0 232.0 255.0 276.0 296.0 317.0 339.0 372.0 129.0 148.0 160.0 186.0 206.0 171.0 182.0 194.0 209.0 224.0 143.0 164.0 182.0 199.0 222.0 244.0


762x381 762x381 762x381 838x400 838x400 838x400 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 1016x406 1016x406 1016x406 1016x406 1016x406 914x419 914x419 914x419 914x419 914x419 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457

kg/m 258 284 314 300 330 358 216 237 262 287 314 347 382 422 464 510 552 592 634 678 744 258 296 320 372 412 342 364 388 418 448 286 328 364 398 444 488

Width Of Section

Depth Of Section


Root Radius

B

d

t

T

r

mm 381.0 382.0 384.0 400.0 401.0 403.0 393.7 395.4 397.5 399.0 401.3 403.6 406.3 409.0 412.0 416.0 418.0 421.0 424.0 428.0 432.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 402.0 418.0 419.0 420.0 422.0 423.0 450.0 450.0 450.0 451.0 453.0 455.0

mm 387.0 390.0 393.0 428.0 431.0 434.0 187.7 190.2 193.3 188.7 199.6 203.7 208.0 213.0 217.0 223.0 228.0 232.0 237.0 242.0 249.0 485.0 491.0 495.0 500.0 504.0 456.0 458.0 461.0 464.0 467.0 485.0 491.0 496.0 500.0 504.0 508.0

mm 16.60 18.00 19.70 18.20 19.70 21.10 17.27 18.92 21.08 22.61 24.89 27.18 29.84 32.80 35.80 39.10 42.00 45.00 47.60 51.20 55.60 16.50 16.50 16.50 19.10 21.10 19.30 20.30 21.30 22.50 24.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 19.10 21.10 23.10

mm 27.10 30.10 33.40 29.20 32.40 35.60 27.69 30.23 33.27 36.58 39.62 43.69 48.01 52.60 57.40 62.70 67.60 72.30 77.10 81.50 88.90 21.10 27.10 31.00 36.10 40.00 32.00 34.30 36.60 39.90 42.70 21.10 27.10 32.00 35.90 40.00 43.90

mm 17.0 17.0 17.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0



Dimension

Cx d/t 23.3 21.7 19.9 23.5 21.9 20.6 10.9 10.1 9.17 8.35 8.02 7.49 6.97 6.49 6.06 5.70 5.43 5.16 4.98 4.73 4.48 29.4 29.8 30.0 26.2 23.9 23.6 22.6 21.6 20.6 19.5 26.9 27.3 27.6 26.2 23.9 22.0

b/T 7.03 6.35 5.75 6.85 6.19 5.66 7.11 6.54 5.97 5.45 5.06 4.62 4.23 3.89 3.59 3.32 3.09 2.91 2.75 2.63 2.43 9.48 7.38 6.45 5.54 5.03 6.53 6.11 5.74 5.29 4.95 10.7 8.30 7.03 6.28 5.66 5.18

cm 8.41 8.50 8.63 9.62 9.70 9.76 3.28 3.43 3.63 3.63 3.98 4.20 4.45 4.73 4.98 5.30 5.58 5.84 6.10 6.39 6.79 12.4 11.4 10.9 11.2 11.4 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.5 12.2 11.2 10.6 10.5 10.8 11.0

STRUCTURAL TEES y

y

Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 381x381

400x419

406x178

406x508

419x457

457x508

x

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

x

Cx

kg/m 129.0 142.0 157.0 150.0 165.0 179.0 107.9 118.3 131.0 143.6 157.0 173.4 191.2 211.0 232.0 255.0 276.0 296.0 317.0 339.0 372.0 129.0 148.0 160.0 186.0 206.0 171.0 182.0 194.0 209.0 224.0 143.0 164.0 182.0 199.0 222.0 244.0

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 20680 22840 25380 30210 33240 36230 2602 2922 3353 3305 4230 4828 5542 6419 7280 8480 9591 10680 11910 13430 15630 37390 40850 42850 50380 56440 38770 41230 43990 47320 51060 41160 44940 47640 51900 58190 64590

cm4 12510 14000 15790 15600 17440 19450 14090 15580 17430 19380 21360 23970 26870 30040 33520 37700 41250 45090 49130 53440 59970 11290 14490 16570 19300 21710 19510 21070 22640 25040 26990 16070 20620 24340 27490 31040 34530


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

cm 11.2 11.2 11.3 12.6 12.6 12.6 4.35 4.40 4.48 4.27 4.60 4.68 4.77 4.89 4.97 5.11 5.23 5.32 5.43 5.58 5.74 15.1 14.7 14.5 14.6 14.7 13.3 13.3 13.4 13.3 13.4 15.0 14.7 14.4 14.3 14.3 14.4

cm3 683 749 827 910 995 1077 168 187 214 217 265 299 339 387 436 499 557 615 677 754 863 1035 1082 1109 1299 1449 1095 1159 1229 1312 1411 1134 1186 1221 1316 1468 1623

cm3 657 733 822 780 870 965 716 788 877 971 1065 1188 1323 1469 1627 1813 1974 2142 2317 2497 2776 564 724 828 965 1080 934 1006 1078 1187 1276 714 916 1082 1219 1371 1518

cm3 1204 1324 1468 1607 1760 1910 331 374 430 452 547 626 719 829 942 1087 1221 1356 1501 1669 1920 1867 1920 1959 2301 2573 1936 2052 2179 2331 2513 2039 2098 2152 2323 2601 2885

cm3 1008 1127 1266 1201 1341 1490 1085 1196 1332 1475 1620 1809 2017 2243 2487 2774 3024 3284 3556 3838 4271 876 1116 1272 1486 1668 1437 1549 1662 1830 1971 1106 1410 1658 1868 2104 2334

cm 8.73 8.80 8.88 9.04 9.12 9.22 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.2 8.28 8.77 9.01 9.03 9.10 9.46 9.53 9.58 9.70 9.73 9.39 9.93 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.5

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

J

A

15.2 13.8 12.5 15.6 14.2 13.0 6.51 6.01 5.52 4.85 4.73 4.36 4.02 3.73 3.45 3.22 3.04 2.87 2.73 2.62 2.45 22.7 19.1 17.1 14.9 13.6 15.1 14.2 13.4 12.4 11.7 22.1 18.7 16.4 14.8 13.4 12.4

cm4 319 429 581 427 572 747 315 410 548 719 923 1233 1638 2157 2806 3671 4593 5633 6825 8154 10580 230 377 512 790 1064 592 718 861 1094 1334 269 435 632 858 1173 1540

cm2 164 181 200 191 210 229 138 151 167 181 200 221 244 269 295 324 351 377 404 432 474 165 189 204 237 262 218 232 247 266 285 182 209 231 254 283 311

0.497 0.493 0.489 0.532 0.528 0.522 0.632 0.585 0.560 0.563 0.564 0.533 0.529 0.527 0.520 0.521 0.607 0.556 0.521 0.510 0.510 0.511

Torsional Constant

Sectional Area

75

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

76


BEARING PILES

74

Bearing Piles

General

BEARING PILES

The section sizes of bearing piles are given in the tables on the following pages. Bearing piles are different from universal beams and columns because the flange and the web thickness are approximately equal and the height and the width are almost the same.

Figure 6 – Bearing Piles: Section shape

The standard specifications used for production of bearing piles in this region are listed in this table. Material AS 3679.1 (1996) Grade 250 Grade 300 Grade 350

Yield strength 2 N/mm

Tensile strength Min. Elongation Min. Charpy VDimensions 2 notch. Temp. 20°C & Tolerances N/mm L0=5.65 S0

12mm 12-40 40mm 260 300 360

ASTM A36 (2001) ASTM A572 (2001) Grade 42 Grade 50 Grade 60 Grade 65 ASTM A913 (2001) Grade 50

250 300 340

230 300 330

min. 410 min. 430 min. 480

22 % 22 % 20 %

27J 27J 27J

min. 250

400-550

20-21 %

-

min. 290 min. 345 min. 415 min. 450

min. 415 min. 450 min. 520 min. 550

20+24 % 18-21 % 16-18 % 15-17 %

-

min. 345

min. 450

18-21 %

-

min. 550

15-17 %

-

430-580 490-640 3-100mm

22 % 20 %

27J 10
410-560 490-630 500-660 530-720

17-22 % 17-22 % 19 % 17 %

27J 27J 27J 27J

t<100mm 400-510 490-610 min 540 t<100mm

17-24 % 15-21 % 13-17 %

-

400-510 490-610 490-610 520-640

18-24 % 17-23 % 15-21 % 15-21 %

-

Grade 65 min. 450 BS 4360 (1986) (superseded) Grade 43A min. 275 Grade 50B min. 355 EN 10025 (2004) 16mm 16-40 40mm S275JR S355JR S420N S460N JIS 3101 (1995) SS400 SS490 SS540 JIS 3106 (1995) SM400A, B SM490A, B SM490YA, YB SM520B

275 355 420 460

265 345 400 440

255 335 390 430

16mm 16-40 40mm 245 235 215 285 275 255 400 390 16mm 16-40 40mm 245 325 365 365

235 315 355 355

215 295 335 335

AS 3679.1 (1996)

ASTM A6 (1997)

BS 4 Part 1 (1993) (superseded)

EN 10034 (1993)

JIS 3192 (1994)

Table 12 – Bearing Piles: Standard specifications


77

BEARING PILES

Bearing Piles

B r

n

t

D

N

d

T

C b

Metric units Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxD

Width Of Section

Root Depth Radius Between Web Fillet

Thickness Flange

Area Of Section

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web

BEARING PILES

D

B

T

t

r

d

A

kg/m

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm2

200x200

56.2

200

204

12

12

13

150

71.5

8.50

250x250

63.8

244

252

11

11

13

196

81.3

11.5

64.4

244

252

11

11

16

190

82.1

11.5

17.3

8

131

27

82.2

250

255

14

14

16

190

105

9.11

13.6

9

131

30

83.4

294

302

12

12

13

244

106

12.6

20.3

8

155

25

84.5

294

302

12

12

18

234

108

12.6

19.5

8

155

30

106

300

305

15

15

18

234

135

10.2

15.6

10

155

33

142

310

310

20

20

18

234

181

7.75

11.7

12

155

38

105

338

351

13

13

13

286

133

13.5

22.0

9

179

26

106

338

351

13

13

20

272

135

13.5

20.9

9

179

33

129

344

354

16

16

13

286

165

11.1

17.9

10

179

29

131

344

354

16

16

20

272

167

11.1

17.0

10

179

36

154

350

357

19

19

13

286

196

9.39

15.1

12

179

32

156

350

357

19

19

20

272

198

9.39

14.3

12

179

39

140

388

402

15

15

22

314

178

13.4

20.9

10

204

37

168

394

405

18

18

22

314

214

11.3

17.4

11

204

40

197

400

408

21

21

22

314

251

9.71

15.0

13

204

43

235

408

412

25

25

22

314

300

8.24

12.6

15

204

47

350x350

400x400


b/T

d/t

Dimensions For Detailing End Notch Clearance

mm

300x300

78

Depth Of Section

C

N

n

mm

mm

mm

12.5

8

106

25

17.8

8

131

24

BEARING PILES y

x

x

y

Designation Size Mass Per Metre

Surface Area Per Metre



Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

H

J cm4

14.3

0.150

39.6

0.828

19.5

0.399

37.1

358

0.829

19.0

0.399

39.5

1039

468

0.827

15.4

0.540

79.0

365

1260

558

0.829

21.9

1.10

56.3

365

1277

560

0.831

21.1

1.10

61.4

1436

466

1614

716

0.829

17.4

1.44

116

7.42

1927

642

2199

992

0.828

13.4

2.09

271

14.4

8.39

1642

534

1822

815

0.827

23.5

2.48

81.4

14.4

8.33

1668

535

1851

818

0.829

22.5

2.48

90.3

34880

11840 14.6

8.48

2028

669

2269

1024

0.826

19.4

3.19

151

2.04

35330

11850 14.6

8.43

2054

669

2299

1027

0.828

18.7

3.19

164

2.07

42350

14430 14.7

8.57

2420

808

2730

1241

0.826

16.5

3.95

252

156

2.06

42800

14430 14.7

8.53

2446

809

2760

1244

0.827

16.1

3.95

270

140

2.32

48970

16260 16.6

9.55

2524

809

2802

1237

0.830

22.5

5.66

156

168

2.33

59720

19960 16.7

9.65

3031

986

3390

1511

0.828

19.2

7.05

264

197

2.35

70890

23810 16.8

9.75

3545

1167

3992

1794

0.828

16.7

8.55

415

235

2.38

86470

29200 17.0

9.87

4239

1418

4818

2185

0.827

14.2

10.7

694

kg/m

m2

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

200x200

56.2

1.17

4983

1702

8.35

4.88

498

167

565

257

0.826

250x250

63.8

1.45

8703

2938

10.3

6.01

713

233

797

357

64.5

1.45

8787

2939

10.3

5.98

720

233

805

82.2

1.46

11480

3877

10.5

6.09

919

304

83.4

1.75

16640

5514

12.5

7.20

1132

84.5

1.74

16870

5517

12.5

7.16

1147

106

1.76

21540

7106

12.6

7.26

142

1.79

29870

9955

12.9

105

2.03

27740

9377

106

2.02

28190

9381

129

2.05

131 154

350x350

400x400

Torsional Constant

dm6

mm

300x300

Warping Constant


BEARING PILES

Metric units

79

BEARING PILES

Bearing Piles

B r

n

t

D

N

d

T

C b

Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxB in (mm)

kg/m

Width Thickness Of Section Flange Web

Root Depth Radius Between Fillet

Area Ratios For Of Local Buckling Section Flange Web

D

B

T

t

r

d

A

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm2

b/T

d/t

Dimensions For Detailing End Notch Clearance C

N

n

mm

mm

mm

8x8

30

44.9

200.2

205.9

9.5

9.5

10.2

160.8

57.2

10.8

16.9

7

108

20

(203x203)

36

53.9

204.0

207.7

11.4

11.3

10.2

160.8

68.7

9.11

14.2

8

108

22

BEARING PILES

10x10

42

63.0

247.1

256.6

10.7

10.6

12.7

200.3

80.2

12.0

18.9

7

133

23

(254x254)

48

71.0

249.7

258.0

12

12

12.7

200.3

90.4

10.8

16.7

8

133

25

57

85.1

254.3

260.4

14.3

14.4

12.7

200.3

108

9.10

13.9

9

133

27

12x12

53

78.9

299.3

306.4

11.1

11

15.2

246.7

100

13.8

22.4

8

158

26

(305x305)

59

88.0

301.7

307.8

12.3

12.4

15.2

246.7

112

12.5

19.9

8

158

28

63

93.0

303.3

308.0

13.1

13.1

15.2

246.7

119

11.8

18.8

9

157

28

64

94.9

303.7

308.7

13.3

13.3

15.2

246.7

121

11.6

18.5

9

158

29

74

110.0

307.9

310.7

15.4

15.3

15.2

246.7

140

10.1

16.1

10

158

31

84

125.0

311.9

312.3

17.4

17.4

15.2

246.7

159

8.97

14.2

11

157

33

85

126.1

312.3

312.9

17.6

17.5

15.2

246.7

161

8.89

14.1

11

158

33

100

149.1

318.5

316.0

20.7

20.6

15.2

246.7

190

7.63

12.0

12

158

36

121

180.0

326.7

319.7

24.8

24.8

15.2

246.7

229

6.45

9.95

14

157

40

125

186.0

328.3

320.9

25.6

25.5

15.2

246.7

237

6.27

9.67

15

158

41

149

222.9

337.9

325.7

30.4

30.3

15.2

246.7

284

5.36

8.14

17

158

46

13x13

60

89.3

318.5

327.7

11.68

11.68

15.2

264.7

113

14.0

22.7

8

168

27

(330x330)

73

108.6

323.8

330.3

14.35

14.35

15.2

264.7

139

11.5

18.4

9

168

30

87

129.5

328.9

332.9

16.89

16.89

15.2

264.7

164

9.85

15.7

10

168

32

14x14 1/2 (356x368)

80

lb/ft

Depth Of Section

100

148.8

334.0

335.4

19.43

19.43

15.2

264.7

190

8.63

13.6

12

168

35

73

108.9

346.4

371.0

12.9

12.8

15.2

290.2

139

14.4

22.7

8

189

28

89

133.0

352.0

373.8

15.7

15.6

15.2

290.2

169

11.9

18.6

10

189

31

102

152.0

356.4

376.0

17.9

17.8

15.2

290.2

194

10.5

16.3

11

189

33

117

173.9

361.4

378.5

20.4

20.3

15.2

290.2

221

9.28

14.3

12

189

36

121

180.0

362.9

378.8

21.1

21.1

15.2

290.3

230

8.98

13.8

13

189

36


BEARING PILES y

x

x

y

Designation Mass Size Per Metre

Surface Area Per metre


in (mm)

lb/ft

kg/m

m2

cm4

cm4

Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm

cm

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

u

x

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis Axis x-x y-y

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

H

J

dm6

cm4 19.2

8x8

30

44.9

1.19

4100

1384

8.46 4.92

410

134

459

206

0.827

18.6

0.126

(203x203)

36

53.9

1.20

5027

1705

8.55 4.98

493

164

557

252

0.827

15.8

0.158

32.7

10x10

42

63.0

1.48

8861

3016

10.5 6.13

717

235

799

360

0.827

20.5

0.421

34.3

(254x254)

48

71.0

1.49

10070

3439

10.6 6.17

807

267

904

409

0.826

18.4

0.486

48.4

57

85.1

1.50

12290

4216

10.6 6.24

966

324

1092

498

0.825

15.6

0.607

81.8

12x12

53

78.9

1.78

16450

5327

12.8 7.28

1099

348

1218

531

0.832

23.9

1.11

46.9

(305x305)

59

88.0

1.78

18430

5985

12.8 7.31

1221

389

1360

595

0.830

21.6

1.25

64.2

63

93.0

1.79

19690

6387

12.9 7.33

1298

415

1449

635

0.831

20.5

1.34

76.4

64

94.9

1.79

20050

6529

12.9 7.35

1320

423

1474

648

0.830

20.2

1.38

80.0

74

110.0

1.80

23560

7710

13.0 7.42

1531

496

1720

762

0.830

17.7

1.65

122

84

125.0

1.81

27040

8849

13.0 7.46

1734

567

1961

872

0.829

15.8

1.92

177

85

126.1

1.82

27410

9002

13.1 7.49

1755

575

1986

885

0.829

15.7

1.95

182

100

149.1

1.83

33070 10910 13.2 7.58

2076

691

2370 1066

0.828

13.5

2.42

295

121

180.0

1.86

40970 13550 13.4 7.69

2508

847

2897 1313

0.827

11.5

3.09

510

125

186.0

1.86

42610 14140 13.4 7.73

2596

881

3003 1366

0.827

11.1

3.24

560

149

222.9

1.89

52700 17580 13.6 7.87

3119

1079

3653 1680

0.826

9.55

4.16

943

13x13

60

89.3

1.90

20940

6857

13.6 7.79

1315

418

1457

639

0.830

24.3

1.61

57.9

(330x330)

73

108.6

1.91

26200

8628

13.7 7.88

1618

522

1808

800

0.829

20.1

2.07

106 171

14x14 1/2 (356x368)

87

129.5

1.93

31430 10400 13.8 7.96

1911

625

2151

959

0.828

17.3

2.53

100

148.8

1.94

36860 12240 13.9 8.03

2207

730

2502 1123

0.828

15.2

3.03

260

73

108.9

2.13

30630 10990 14.9 8.90

1769

592

1956

903

0.823

24.2

3.06

84.6

89

133.0

2.14

37980 13680 15.0 8.99

2158

732

2406 1119

0.822

20.1

3.87

151

102

152.0

2.16

43970 15880 15.1 9.05

2468

845

2767 1293

0.821

17.8

4.55

223

117

173.9

2.17

51010 18460 15.2 9.13

2823

976

3186 1497

0.821

15.8

5.37

330

121

180.0

2.17

53040 19140 15.2 9.13

2923

1011

3306 1552

0.821

15.3

5.59

367


BEARING PILES

Imperial units

81

BEARING PILES

82


HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS

80

Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections

General Hot finished ellipcon sections are new and exciting section types. They come in two shapes, one is an ellipse (ellipcon sections) and the other is half of an ellipse with one flat side (semi ellipcon sections). Both shapes give the structures very outstanding architectural looks, and the sections have many structural advantages.

ELLIPCON

The new elliptical sections are good alternatives to traditional section types. They have all the properties of the hot finished structural tubes, which are already used in many construction works. In addition, the architects are given full vent to expressing the structure in creative and exciting architecture, and end up with something both practical and aesthetic. For structures with limited space these new sections might provide smaller column footprints than other design solutions, increasing the open floor area. Their special shapes both serve the structural purpose and give continuity in the structure. For non-symmetric load situations the sections might be more cost efficient than circular or square hollow sections, because the designer can choose sections with different stiffness about the two axis, x and y. As for other hollow sections such as square, rectangular and circular, the ellipcon sections have constant external dimension within the same serial size, only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication (See “Hot Finished Hollow Sections”). The tubes are produced according to EN 10210 Part 1 (1994): Technical delivery requirements for Hot finished hollow sections, and Part 2 (1997): Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties. A few points are not included in EN 10210: - The tolerance on the twist = 4mm +1mm/m length - The tolerance on the straightness = 0.40% of total length - Section properties for the hot ellipcon sections are not included in EN 10210. The mechanical properties of the hollow sections, calculations of torsional inertia constants and torsional modulus constants are according to standards ISO/DIS 657-XIV. Architect: S. Gresy


83

HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS x

Ellipcon t b

y

y

x

h

Designation Size Thickness

Area Of Section

kg/m

A cm2

Second Moment Of Inertia

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

Torsional Constant


hxb

t

mm

mm

117x60

3.2

6.92

8.58

116

40.5

3.67

2.17

19.8

13.5

27.6

17.2

120

30.0

0.298

4

8.57

10.6

141

48.8

3.65

2.14

24.1

16.3

33.9

21.1

145

36.0

0.298

5

10.60

13.1

171

58.4

3.61

2.11

29.2

19.5

41.5

25.6

175

42.7

0.298

6

12.60

15.6

199

67.1

3.58

2.08

34.0

22.4

48.7

29.9

201

48.7

0.298

8

16.40

20.2

249

81.8

3.51

2.01

42.6

27.3

62.1

37.6

248

58.8

0.298

149x70

178x90 ELLIPCON

220x106

248x109

320x160

400x200

480x240

84

Mass Per Metre

J cm4

C cm3

m2/m

4

10.80

13.3

284

85.9

4.62

2.55

38.1

24.5

53.6

31.3

264

55.3

0.367

5

13.30

16.4

346

103

4.59

2.51

46.4

29.6

65.8

38.3

319

66.2

0.367

6

15.90

19.5

405

120

4.55

2.48

54.3

34.2

77.6

44.9

370

76.1

0.367

8

20.80

25.5

513

148

4.48

2.41

68.9

42.3

99.8

57.0

461

93.2

0.367

10

25.50

31.3

610

172

4.42

2.34

81.8

49.1

120

67.9

539

107

0.367

6

19.50

24.1

740

250

5.54

3.22

83.2

55.6

117

72.0

749

123

0.451

8

25.60

31.7

947

315

5.47

3.15

106

69.9

152

92.4

947

154

0.451

10

31.50

39.0

1136

371

5.40

3.09

128

82.4

184

111

1123

179

0.451

6

24.00

29.6

1388

438

6.85

3.85

126

82.7

177

106

1334

185

0.546

8

31.60

39.0

1790

556

6.78

3.78

163

105

231

137

1701

234

0.546

10

39.00

48.1

2163

662

6.71

3.71

197

125

282

165

2033

276

0.546

6

26.60

32.5

1903

519

7.65

4.00

153

95.3

217

121

1635

217

0.596

8

35.00

42.9

2461

661

7.58

3.93

198

121

283

157

2088

274

0.596

10

43.30

52.9

2983

788

7.51

3.86

241

145

346

190

2501

324

0.596

12

51.40

62.8

3472

901

7.44

3.79

280

165

406

221

2874

369

0.596

8

47.10

58.3

5877

1978

10.0

5.82

367

247

513

315

5928

553

0.807

10

58.40

72.3

7181

2393

9.97

5.75

449

299

631

385

7192

665

0.807

12

69.60

86.0

8422

2779

9.90

5.69

526

347

745

453

8375

769

0.807

14

80.50

99.4

9604

3137

9.83

5.62

600

392

855

517

9483

863

0.807

8

59.30

73.4

11690

3966

12.6

7.35

584

397

811

500

11860

890

1.01

10

73.60

91.1

14350

4829

12.5

7.28

717

483

1001

615

14470

1079

1.01

12

87.80

109

16910

5646

12.5

7.21

845

565

1186

726

16960

1257

1.01

14

102.00

126

19370

6416

12.4

7.14

968

642

1366

832

19320

1422

1.01

10

88.90

110

25170

8529

15.1

8.81

1049

711

1457

897

25510

1594

1.21

12

106.00

131

29750

10014

15.1

8.74

1240

835

1730

1062

30010

1865

1.21

14

123.00

152

34190

11432

15.0

8.67

1425

953

1997

1222

34320

2122

1.21


HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS b

Semi Ellipcon

y

h x

x

t y

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section A

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

J

C

kg/m

cm2

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm4

cm3

m2/m


Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constant


hxb

t

mm

mm

60x60

3.5

5.15

6.56

29.9

26.9

2.14

2.03

8.57

8.97

12.9

12.0

48.5

15.9

39.0

4

5.82

7.41

33.2

30.0

2.12

2.01

9.56

9.99

14.1

13.5

54.5

17.7

34.4

5

7.12

9.07

39.2

35.5

2.08

1.98

11.4

11.8

16.2

16.2

65.7

20.8

28.0

6

8.35

10.6

44.3

40.3

2.04

1.95

13.0

13.4

17.9

18.7

75.9

23.5

23.7

4

7.40

9.43

68.0

61.1

2.69

2.54

15.5

16.3

23.6

21.7

109

29.0

34.0

5

9.09

11.6

81.1

73.1

2.65

2.51

18.7

19.5

27.6

26.3

133

34.5

27.5

6

10.70

13.7

92.9

84.1

2.61

2.48

21.6

22.4

31.0

30.6

155

39.4

23.2

75x75

90x90

110x110

125x125

160x160

180x180

203x223

225x259

8

13.80

17.6

113

103

2.53

2.42

26.6

27.4

35.9

38.3

195

47.7

17.9

4

8.98

11.4

121

109

3.25

3.08

22.9

24.1

35.4

31.9

193

43.1

33.7

5

11.10

14.1

146

131

3.21

3.05

27.8

29.1

42.0

38.8

235

51.8

27.2

6

13.10

16.7

168

152

3.18

3.02

32.3

33.7

47.7

45.4

276

59.6

22.9

8

17.00

21.6

207

188

3.10

2.95

40.4

41.8

56.8

57.5

350

73.3

17.6

4

11.10

14.1

227

203

4.01

3.79

35.0

36.9

54.9

48.4

358

66.4

33.5

5

13.70

17.5

275

247

3.97

3.76

42.7

44.9

65.8

59.3

439

80.3

27.0

6

16.30

20.7

320

288

3.93

3.73

49.9

52.3

75.7

69.8

517

93.1

22.7

8

21.20

27.0

401

362

3.86

3.66

63.2

65.8

92.2

89.2

663

116

17.3

5

15.70

20.0

412

369

4.54

4.30

55.9

59.0

87.2

77.6

651

106

26.9

6

18.60

23.0

481

431

4.50

4.26

65.6

69.0

101

91.4

769

123

22.5

8

24.30

31.0

607

546

4.42

4.20

83.6

87.4

124

118

991

155

17.2

10

29.80

38.0

717

649

4.35

4.13

99.9

104

143

142

1197

183

13.9

5

20.30

25.8

890

794

5.87

5.54

93.9

99.3

149

130

1390

179

26.7

6

24.20

30.8

1045

935

5.83

5.51

111

117

173

153

1647

210

22.3

8

31.70

40.4

1335

1198

5.75

5.45

143

150

218

199

2140

267

16.9

10

39.00

49.7

1598

1439

5.67

5.38

172

180

257

242

2606

319

13.7

6

27.30

34.8

1509

1348

6.59

6.22

142

150

224

196

2365

270

22.3

8

35.90

45.8

1938

1736

6.51

6.16

183

193

283

255

3083

345

16.9

10

44.30

56.4

2331

2095

6.43

6.09

222

233

336

311

3765

414

13.6

12

52.40

66.7

2692

2427

6.35

6.03

258

270

382

363

4413

477

11.5

6

32.60

41.5

2354

2448

7.53

7.68

196

220

299

287

3981

385

22.0

8

42.90

54.7

3037

3170

7.45

7.61

254

284

379

375

5220

497

16.7

10

53.00

67.5

3671

3849

7.37

7.55

310

345

449

459

6413

600

13.4

12

62.80

80.0

4258

4484

7.29

7.48

362

402

511

539

7559

697

11.3

6

37.20

47.4

3359

3759

8.41

8.90

251

290

383

380

5845

502

21.9

8

49.10

62.6

4350

4888

8.34

8.84

327

377

487

497

7683

650

16.6

10

60.80

77.4

5279

5957

8.26

8.77

400

460

582

611

9462

789

13.4

12

72.10

91.9

6148

6968

8.18

8.71

469

538

666

719

11180

919

11.2


ELLIPCON


85

ELLIPCON

86


HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS

84

Hot Finished Hollow Sections

General Structural hollow sections make beautiful, efficient structures with a nice continuity. The hot finished hollow sections - square, rectangular and circular, have constant external dimension within the same serial size, and only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, only changing the thickness, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication. When used in compression, as columns, hollow sections are more efficient than other column types. The resulting reduction in structural weight can be as much as 1 storey for every 9 storeys built. Due to their high sectional properties hollow sections provide smaller column footprints than other design solutions, with increased floor area. Added together these qualities give an efficient and economic structure. It has long been the opinion among structural people that for low-rise buildings only concrete will be economical, but with multi-storey hollow sections steel structures can compete with concrete. Steel might be more expensive per metric ton, but with the fabrication and erection time, a lighter structure, labour cost, and easy maintenance taken into account, a steel structure might give the most economic design.

Specification

Grade

Min. Yield strength

JIS G 3444 (1994) ASTM A501 (1996)

STK400 Shapes

Tensile strength

Charpy V-Notch Impact

N/mm

N/mm

Joules

°C

235 250

min. 400 min. 400

-

-

2

2

BS 4360 (1986)

43C

275

430-580

27

0

EN 10210 (1994)

S275J0H

275

430-580

27

0

BS 4360 (1986)

43D

275

430-580

27

-20

EN 10210 (1994)

S275J2H

275

430-580

27

-20

BS 4360 (1986) ASTM A618 (1996) JIS G 3444 (1994)

43EE

275

430-580

27

-50

Grade I & II STK500

345 355

min. 485 min. 500

-

-

BS 4360 (1986)

50C

355

490-640

27

0

EN 10210 (1994)

S355J0H

355

510-680

27

0

BS 4360 (1986)

50D

355

490-640

27

-20

EN 10210 (1994)

S355J2H

355

510-680

27

-20

50EE

355

490-640

27

-50

Eqv. 50EE

360

490-630

100

-20

50

-60

27

0

BS 4360 (1986) NORSEC 360 (1991) JIS G 3444 (1994) BS 4360 (1986) Note:

STK540 55C

390 450

min. 540 550-700

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

Comparable specifications

The values are for sections of thickness less than 16mm for BS 4360 and less than 3mm for EN 10025. BS 4360 (1986): an old, but well known British Standard for weldable structural steels. EN 10210-1 (1994): European Norms superseding parts of the old BS 4360, see Explanatory notes. ASTM A501 (1996): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for hot formed welded and seamless carbon steels structural tubing. ASTM A618 (1996): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for Hot-Formed welded and seamless high-strength low-alloy structural tubing. JIS G 3444 (1994): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes. NORSEC 360 (1991): a steel product from British Steel for marine structures in the arctic regions.

Table 13 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications


87


85

Product specifications Production of hot finished Structural Hollow Sections has been standardised in EN 10210:1994: "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels" Part 1, Grades S235, S275, S355, but other grades and sub-grades can be supplied, subject to minimum order quantities. Our ex-stock material is mainly of grade S355J2H. Dimensions, tolerances and sectional properties meet the requirements of EN 10210:1997: "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels", Part 2.

Chemical composition The chemical composition of hot finished hollow sections is given in EN 10210-1: 1994, Table A.1 and B.1. When a carbon equivalent value (CEV) is required it shall be determined from the cast analysis using the formula: CEV = C +

Mn (Cr + Mo + V ) ( Ni + Cu ) + + 6 5 15

Mechanical properties The mechanical properties for hot finished sections in accordance with EN 102101:1994, are summarised below. Designation

Minimum Yield strength

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

ReH in N/mm

2

Tensile strength Rm in N/mm

Min. elongation in %

2

L0=5.65(S0)

Nominal thickness in mm 16
t 16 2

2

2

2

Test

Impact

temp.

KV

C

J

Nominal thickness in mm 3
t<3

1/2

2

t40

40
Longitudinal

t40 40
N/mm

N/mm

N/mm

N/mm

N/mm

Transverse

S235JRH

235

225

215

360-510

340-470

26

25

24

23

20

27

S275J0H

275

265

255

430-580

410-560

22

21

20

19

0

27

-20

27

0

27

-20

27

S275J2H S355J0H

355

345

335

510-680

490-630

22

21

20

19

S355J2H

Table 14 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties

Tensile test The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are determined from standard test pieces, which may be the full section of the product or longitudinal or transverse strip specimen. The location of strip test pieces should be away from the weld, for circular hollow sections, and midway between corners on a side not affected by the weld, for square and rectangular hollow sections. The requirements of EN 10002-1: "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Method of test (at ambient temperature)", shall apply.

Charpy V-notch impact test The test pieces for impact testing shall be taken longitudinally or transverse from the test object. The location of strip test pieces should be away from the weld, for circular hollow sections, and midway between corners on a side not affected by the weld, for square and rectangular hollow sections. Where thickness permits, standard specimens 10x10mm in cross-section are cut longitudinally or transverse from the section and a 2mm deep V-notch accurately machined into one face. The specimens, in accordance with EN 10045-1: "Metallic

88



86

materials - Charpy impact test - Test method", are tested at the required temperature according to grade. If the nominal product thickness is not sufficient for the preparation of standard test pieces (12mm), the test shall be carried out using test pieces of width less than 10mm, but not less than 5mm.

Manufacturing tolerances Hot finished structural hollow sections are manufactured according to EN 10210: 1994, Part 2, and the rolling tolerances are as shown in Table 15 below. Characteristic

Circular hollow sections

Square and rectangular hollow sections

Outside dimensions

±1% with a minimum of ±0.5mm and a maximum of ±10mm

±1% with a minimum of ±0.5mm

Thickness (T)

-10%

Out-of-roundness (O) Concavity/convexity

4)

1) 2)

-

2% for hollow sections having a diameter 3) to thickness ratio not exceeding 100 -

1%

Squareness of side

-

90°±1°

External corner profile (C 1, 5) C2 or R)

-

Maximum 3T at each corner

Twist (V) (see drawing under)

-

2mm plus 0.5mm/m length

Straightness

0.2% of total length ±6% on individual lengths

Mass (M)

6)

Type of length measure

Length

Tolerances

Random length

4 000 to 16 000 with a range of 2000 per order item

10% of sections supplied may be below the minimum for the ordered range, but not less than 75% of the minimum of the range

Approximate length

4 000 to 16 000

500mm

Exact length

2 000 to 6 000

+10/-0 mm

6 000

+15/-0 mm

Notes:

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

(D, B, H)

1) The positive deviation is limited by the tolerance on mass. 2) For seamless sections the tolerance for the thickness is: thickness less than 10% but not less than 12.5% of the nominal thickness may occur in the smooth transition areas, but not over more than 22.5% of the circumference. 3) Where the diameter to thickness ratio exceeds 100mm the tolerance on out-of-roundness shall be agreed. 4) The tolerance on concavity and convexity are independent of the tolerance on the outside dimensions. 5) The sides need not be tangential to the corner arcs. 6) The positive tolerance on the mass of seamless hollow sections shall be 8%.

Table 15 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances

All external dimensions, including out-of-roundness, shall be measured at a distance from the end of the hollow section of not less than D for circular sections, B for square sections and H for rectangular sections, with a minimum of 100mm. D= diameter B= width H= height R= outer corner radius C1 and C2= see drawing under. V= see drawing under.


89


87

The thickness T of welded sections shall be measured at a position not less than 2T from the weld.

V

Figure 7 – Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections 5 mm*

C1

T

C2 R HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

B 5 mm*

B or H

* This dimension is a maximum when measuring B or H, and a minimum when measuring T.

Figure 8 – How to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections

Other specifications Hot finished structural hollow sections are also supplied to other international standards and National specifications, see Table 13 on first page of this chapter.

90


HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D

Circular

y

x

x t

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section A

Second Moment Of Inertia I

kg/m 1.08 1.43 1.40 1.87 1.99 2.20 2.27 2.41 2.93 3.54 2.55 2.82 2.91 3.09 3.44 3.79 4.61 5.61 6.79 2.82 2.93 3.25 3.35 3.56 4.37 5.34 6.53 7.95 3.56 3.70 4.24 4.51 5.55 6.82 8.39 10.32 12.40 4.54 4.71 5.41 5.75 7.11 8.77 10.37 10.84 13.44 16.30 18.97

cm2 1.37 1.82 1.78 2.38 2.54 2.81 2.89 3.07 3.73 4.51 3.25 3.60 3.71 3.94 4.39 4.83 5.87 7.14 8.65 3.60 3.73 4.14 4.27 4.53 5.57 6.80 8.31 10.1 4.54 4.71 5.40 5.74 7.07 8.69 10.7 13.1 15.8 5.78 6.00 6.89 7.33 9.06 11.2 13.2 13.8 17.1 20.8 24.2

cm4 0.629 0.768 1.36 1.70 3.09 3.36 3.44 3.60 4.19 4.78 6.46 7.06 7.25 7.62 8.33 8.99 10.5 12.0 13.5 9.46 9.78 10.7 11.0 11.6 13.8 16.2 18.7 21.4 19.0 19.7 22.2 23.5 28.2 33.5 39.5 46.0 52.0 39.2 40.6 46.1 48.8 59.1 70.9 81.8 84.8 101 116 128

Radius Of Gyration r cm 0.677 0.650 0.874 0.846 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.03 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.25 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.45 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.02 2.00 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.81 2.60 2.60 2.59 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.31

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Torsional Constants

Z

S

J

C

cm3 0.590 0.722 1.01 1.27 1.84 1.99 2.04 2.14 2.49 2.84 3.05 3.33 3.42 3.59 3.93 4.24 4.93 5.66 6.36 3.92 4.05 4.43 4.55 4.80 5.70 6.69 7.76 8.85 6.30 6.52 7.37 7.78 9.34 11.1 13.1 15.3 17.2 10.3 10.7 12.1 12.8 15.5 18.6 21.5 22.3 26.4 30.5 33.8

cm3 0.834 1.06 1.40 1.81 2.52 2.76 2.84 2.99 3.55 4.16 4.12 4.53 4.67 4.93 5.44 5.92 7.04 8.29 9.64 5.25 5.44 5.99 6.17 6.52 7.87 9.42 11.2 13.2 8.36 8.66 9.86 10.4 12.7 15.3 18.5 22.1 25.6 13.5 14.1 16.0 17.0 20.8 25.3 29.6 30.8 37.3 44.0 49.9

cm4 1.26 1.54 2.71 3.41 6.19 6.71 6.88 7.21 8.38 9.57 12.9 14.1 14.5 15.2 16.7 18.0 20.9 24.0 27.0 18.9 19.6 21.4 22.0 23.2 27.5 32.3 37.5 42.7 38.0 39.3 44.4 46.9 56.3 67.0 79.0 92.0 104 78.4 81.2 92.2 97.6 118 142 164 170 201 232 257

cm3 1.18 1.44 2.02 2.53 3.67 3.98 4.08 4.28 4.97 5.68 6.10 6.66 6.84 7.19 7.86 8.48 9.86 11.3 12.7 7.83 8.10 8.86 9.11 9.59 11.4 13.4 15.5 17.7 12.6 13.0 14.7 15.6 18.7 22.2 26.2 30.5 34.5 20.6 21.3 24.2 25.6 31.0 37.3 43.0 44.6 52.9 61.0 67.5


m2/m 0.0669 0.0669 0.0845 0.0845 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 21.3 2.3 3.2 26.9 2.3 3.2 33.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 42.4 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 48.3 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 60.3 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 76.1 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0

91


Circular

y

x

x t

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 88.9 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 101.6 3.6 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 114.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 139.7 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

92

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section A


kg/m 5.33 6.36 6.76 7.57 8.38 10.35 12.27 12.83 15.96 19.46 22.76 25.86 8.70 11.91 14.81 18.47 22.59 26.52 30.24 8.23 8.77 9.83 10.88 13.48 16.03 16.78 20.97 25.72 30.27 34.63 38.79 10.77 12.08 13.39 16.61 19.78 20.73 25.98 31.99 37.79 43.40

cm2 6.79 8.10 8.62 9.65 10.7 13.2 15.6 16.3 20.3 24.8 29.0 32.9 11.1 15.2 18.9 23.5 28.8 33.8 38.5 10.5 11.2 12.5 13.9 17.2 20.4 21.4 26.7 32.8 38.6 44.1 49.4 13.7 15.4 17.1 21.2 25.2 26.4 33.1 40.7 48.1 55.3

cm4 63.4 74.8 79.2 87.9 96.3 116 135 140 168 196 220 239 133 177 215 260 305 345 379 163 172 192 211 257 300 313 379 450 511 566 613 320 357 393 481 564 589 720 862 990 1105

Radius Of Gyration r cm 3.06 3.04 3.03 3.02 3.00 2.97 2.94 2.93 2.87 2.81 2.75 2.69 3.47 3.42 3.38 3.32 3.26 3.20 3.14 3.94 3.93 3.92 3.90 3.87 3.83 3.82 3.77 3.70 3.64 3.58 3.52 4.83 4.81 4.80 4.77 4.73 4.72 4.66 4.60 4.53 4.47

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Torsional Constants

Z

S

J

C

cm3 14.3 16.8 17.8 19.8 21.7 26.2 30.4 31.5 37.8 44.1 49.4 53.8 26.2 34.9 42.3 51.1 60.1 67.9 74.6 28.4 30.2 33.6 36.9 45.0 52.5 54.7 66.4 78.7 89.5 99.0 107 45.8 51.1 56.2 68.8 80.8 84.3 103 123 142 158

cm3 18.7 22.1 23.5 26.2 28.9 35.2 41.3 43.1 52.5 62.6 71.5 79.5 34.6 46.7 57.3 70.3 84.2 96.9 108 37.2 39.5 44.1 48.7 59.8 70.4 73.6 90.6 109 126 142 156 59.6 66.7 73.7 90.8 107 112 139 169 196 222

cm4 127 150 158 176 193 233 270 280 336 392 439 478 266 355 430 519 611 690 758 325 345 384 422 514 600 625 759 899 1023 1131 1225 640 713 786 961 1129 1177 1441 1724 1980 2211

cm3 28.5 33.6 35.6 39.5 43.3 52.4 60.7 63.1 75.6 88.2 98.8 108 52.5 69.9 84.7 102 120 136 149 56.9 60.4 67.2 73.9 89.9 105 109 133 157 179 198 214 91.6 102 112 138 162 169 206 247 283 317


m2/m 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439


Circular

y

x

x t

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section A


kg/m 13.03 14.62 16.21 18.18 20.14 24.02 25.17 31.63 39.04 46.26 48.03 53.27 19.23 21.31 26.65 33.50 41.38 49.07 56.55 16.88 23.27 27.77 29.12 36.64 45.30 53.77 55.86 62.04 70.12 19.13 26.40 31.53 33.06 41.65 51.57 61.29 63.69 71.75 80.14 98.20

cm2 16.6 18.6 20.6 23.2 25.7 30.6 32.1 40.3 49.7 58.9 61.2 67.9 24.5 27.1 33.9 42.7 52.7 62.5 72.0 21.5 29.6 35.4 37.1 46.7 57.7 68.5 71.2 79.0 89.3 24.4 33.6 40.2 42.1 53.1 65.7 78.1 81.1 91.4 102 125

cm4 566 632 697 777 856 1009 1053 1297 1564 1810 1868 2036 920 1014 1250 1541 1862 2159 2434 972 1320 1560 1630 2016 2442 2839 2934 3210 3554 1415 1928 2282 2386 2960 3598 4200 4345 4820 5297 6261

Radius Of Gyration r cm 5.84 5.82 5.81 5.79 5.78 5.74 5.73 5.67 5.61 5.54 5.53 5.48 6.13 6.11 6.07 6.01 5.94 5.88 5.81 6.72 6.67 6.64 6.63 6.57 6.50 6.44 6.42 6.37 6.31 7.62 7.57 7.54 7.53 7.47 7.40 7.33 7.32 7.26 7.20 7.07

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Torsional Constants

Z

S

J

C

cm3 67.2 75.1 82.8 92.4 102 120 125 154 186 215 222 242 104 114 141 173 209 243 274 100 136 161 168 208 252 293 303 331 367 129 176 208 218 270 328 383 397 440 483 572

cm3 87.2 97.7 108 121 133 158 165 206 251 294 304 334 135 149 185 231 282 330 377 130 178 211 221 276 338 397 411 453 507 167 229 273 285 357 438 515 534 597 661 795

cm4 1131 1264 1394 1554 1712 2017 2107 2595 3128 3620 3737 4073 1841 2028 2499 3083 3724 4318 4868 1943 2640 3119 3260 4031 4883 5678 5869 6419 7109 2830 3856 4564 4772 5919 7197 8400 8689 9640 10590 12520

cm3 134 150 166 185 203 240 250 308 372 430 444 484 207 228 281 347 419 486 548 201 273 322 337 416 504 586 606 663 734 258 352 417 436 540 657 767 793 880 967 1143


m2/m 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 168.3 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 177.8 4.5 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 193.7 3.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 16.0 219.1 3.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 20.0

93


Circular

y

x

x t

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 244.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 273 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 323.9 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 355.6 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0

94

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section A


kg/m 29.53 35.29 37.01 46.66 57.83 68.81 71.52 79.58 80.65 90.16 110.73 33.05 39.51 41.44 52.28 64.86 77.24 80.30 89.42 90.63 101.41 124.79 152.90 39.32 47.04 49.34 62.32 77.41 92.30 95.99 107.00 108.45 121.49 149.89 184.28 51.73 54.27 68.58 85.23 101.68 105.77 117.94 119.56 134.00 165.53 203.83

cm2 37.6 45.0 47.1 59.4 73.7 87.7 91.1 101 103 115 141 42.1 50.3 52.8 66.6 82.6 98.4 102 114 115 129 159 195 50.1 59.9 62.9 79.4 98.6 118 122 136 138 155 191 235 65.9 69.1 87.4 109 130 135 150 152 171 211 260

cm4 2699 3199 3346 4160 5073 5938 6147 6758 6837 7533 8957 3781 4487 4696 5852 7154 8396 8697 9580 9695 10710 12800 15130 6369 7572 7929 9910 12160 14320 14850 16400 16600 18390 22140 26400 10070 10550 13200 16220 19140 19850 21950 22230 24660 29790 35680

Radius Of Gyration r cm 8.47 8.43 8.42 8.37 8.30 8.23 8.21 8.16 8.16 8.10 7.97 9.48 9.44 9.43 9.37 9.31 9.24 9.22 9.17 9.16 9.10 8.97 8.81 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.6 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.7

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Torsional Constants

Z

S

J

C

cm3 221 262 274 340 415 486 503 553 559 616 733 277 329 344 429 524 615 637 702 710 784 938 1108 393 468 490 612 751 884 917 1012 1025 1136 1367 1630 566 593 742 912 1076 1117 1235 1250 1387 1676 2007

cm3 287 341 358 448 550 649 673 745 754 837 1011 359 428 448 562 692 818 849 940 952 1058 1283 1543 509 606 636 799 986 1168 1213 1345 1363 1518 1850 2239 733 769 967 1195 1417 1472 1635 1656 1847 2255 2738

cm4 5397 6397 6692 8321 10150 11880 12300 13520 13670 15070 17910 7562 8974 9392 11700 14310 16790 17400 19160 19390 21410 25600 30250 12740 15150 15860 19820 24320 28640 29690 32790 33200 36780 44280 52800 20140 21090 26400 32450 38280 39700 43900 44460 49330 59580 71350

cm3 441 523 547 681 830 972 1006 1106 1119 1232 1465 554 657 688 857 1048 1230 1274 1404 1421 1569 1875 2216 787 935 979 1224 1501 1768 1833 2025 2050 2271 2734 3260 1133 1186 1485 1825 2153 2233 2469 2500 2774 3351 4013


m2/m 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12


Circular

y

x

x t

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section A


kg/m 59.25 62.16 78.60 97.76 116.72 121.43 135.48 137.35 154.05 190.58 235.15 295.46 70.02 88.58 110.24 131.69 137.03 155.07 174.01 215.54 266.34 335.40 411.35 77.95 98.65 122.81 146.79 152.75 172.93 194.14 240.70 297.79 375.64 461.66 564.75

cm2 75.5 79.2 100 125 149 155 173 175 196 243 300 376 89.2 113 140 168 175 198 222 275 339 427 524 99.3 126 156 187 195 220 247 307 379 479 588 719

cm4 15130 15850 19870 24480 28940 30030 33260 33690 37450 45430 54700 66430 22650 28450 35090 41560 43150 48460 53960 65680 79420 97010 114900 31250 39280 48520 57540 59760 67200 74910 91430 110900 136100 162200 190900

Radius Of Gyration r cm 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.5 13.3 15.9 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.6 15.5 15.3 15.1 14.8 17.7 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.1 16.9 16.6 16.3

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus


Torsional Constants

Z

S

J

C

cm3 745 780 978 1205 1424 1478 1637 1658 1843 2236 2692 3269 991 1245 1536 1819 1888 2121 2361 2874 3475 4246 5031 1230 1546 1910 2265 2353 2646 2949 3600 4367 5360 6385 7515

cm3 962 1009 1270 1572 1867 1940 2157 2185 2440 2989 3642 4497 1280 1613 1998 2377 2470 2785 3113 3822 4671 5791 6977 1586 2000 2480 2953 3070 3463 3874 4766 5837 7261 8782 10530

cm4 30260 31700 39750 48950 57870 60060 66520 67370 74900 90860 109400 132900 45310 56890 70180 83110 86290 96930 107900 131400 158800 194000 229900 62490 78560 97040 115100 119500 134400 149800 182900 221800 272300 324400 381800

cm3 1489 1560 1956 2409 2848 2956 3274 3315 3686 4472 5384 6539 1983 2490 3071 3637 3776 4242 4723 5749 6951 8491 10060 2460 3093 3820 4530 4705 5291 5898 7199 8734 10720 12770 15030


m2/m 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 406.4 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 32.0 457 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 32.0 40.0 508 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 32.0 40.0 50.0

95

HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y

Square

x

x

D

t

Designation Size Thickness DxD

t

mm 20x20

mm 2 2.5 2 2.5 3 3.2 2.5 3 3.2 4 6 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 4 5 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10

25x25

30x30

35x35 40x40

45x45 50x50

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

60x60

70x70

75x75

96

Mass Per Metre kg/m m 1.12 1.35 1.41 1.74 2.00 2.15 2.14 2.47 2.65 3.76 5.16 2.92 3.45 3.66 4.46 5.40 5.01 6.07 3.71 4.39 4.66 5.72 6.97 8.15 8.49 10.31 11.70 5.39 5.67 6.97 8.54 10.00 10.50 12.80 14.90 6.28 7.46 10.10 11.90 12.50 15.30 7.25 8.93 11.00 12.90 13.50 16.60 19.60

Area Of Section A

Second Moment Of Area I

Radius Of Gyration r

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Z

S

J

C

cm2 1.40 1.68 1.80 2.18 2.54 2.68 2.68 3.14 3.32 4.79 6.57 3.68 4.34 4.60 5.59 6.73 6.39 7.73 4.68 5.54 5.88 7.19 8.73 10.2 10.6 12.7 14.9 6.74 7.16 8.79 10.7 12.6 13.1 16.0 18.9 7.94 9.42 12.7 15.0 15.6 19.2 9.08 11.2 13.7 16.2 16.9 20.8 24.9

cm4 0.739 0.835 1.56 1.81 2.00 2.06 3.33 3.74 3.89 7.48 8.81 8.54 9.78 10.2 11.8 13.4 17.6 20.1 17.5 20.2 21.2 25.0 28.9 32.0 32.8 35.2 37.6 36.2 38.2 45.4 53.3 59.9 61.6 69.7 75.5 59.0 68.6 88.5 101 104 120 77.5 93.2 111 126 131 152 170

cm 0.727 0.705 0.932 0.909 0.886 0.877 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.25 1.16 1.52 1.50 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.66 1.61 1.93 1.91 1.90 1.86 1.82 1.77 1.76 1.7 1.59 2.32 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.18 2.17 2.09 2.00 2.73 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.58 2.50 2.92 2.89 2.84 2.80 2.78 2.71 2.61

cm3 0.739 0.835 1.25 1.44 1.60 1.65 2.22 2.50 2.59 4.28 5.03 4.27 4.89 5.11 5.91 6.68 7.82 8.95 6.99 8.08 8.49 9.99 11.6 12.8 13.1 14.1 15.0 12.1 12.7 15.1 17.8 20.0 20.5 23.2 25.2 16.9 19.6 25.3 28.7 29.7 34.2 20.7 24.8 29.6 33.7 34.9 40.5 45.4

cm3 0.930 1.08 1.53 1.82 2.06 2.15 2.74 3.14 3.29 5.47 6.91 5.14 5.97 6.28 7.44 8.66 9.71 11.41 8.29 9.70 10.2 12.3 14.5 16.5 17.0 19.2 21.4 14.3 15.2 18.3 21.9 25.1 26.0 30.4 34.4 19.9 23.3 30.8 35.5 36.9 43.8 24.3 29.6 35.8 41.4 43.0 51.3 59.4

cm4 1.22 1.41 2.52 2.97 3.35 3.48 5.40 6.16 6.44 12.5 15.4 13.6 15.7 16.5 19.5 22.5 28.7 33.5 27.5 32.1 33.8 40.4 47.6 53.6 55.2 60.9 66.7 56.9 60.2 72.5 86.4 98.6 102 118 131 92 108 142 163 169 200 121 147 177 204 212 252 289

cm3 1.07 1.20 1.81 2.08 2.30 2.37 3.22 3.60 3.74 6.16 7.19 6.22 7.10 7.42 8.54 9.60 11.3 12.9 10.2 11.8 12.4 14.5 16.7 18.4 18.8 20.1 21.4 17.7 18.6 22.0 25.7 28.8 29.6 33.4 36.0 24.8 28.7 36.8 41.6 42.9 49.2 30.3 36.3 43.0 48.9 50.5 58.4 65.1


Torsional Constants

Surface Area Per Metre m2/m 0.0748 0.0736 0.0948 0.0936 0.0923 0.0918 0.114 0.112 0.112 0.130 0.125 0.154 0.152 0.152 0.150 0.147 0.170 0.167 0.194 0.192 0.192 0.190 0.187 0.185 0.184 0.179 0.174 0.232 0.232 0.230 0.227 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.214 0.272 0.271 0.267 0.265 0.264 0.259 0.292 0.290 0.287 0.285 0.284 0.279 0.274


Square

x

x

D

t y

DxD

t

mm 80x80

mm 3 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 10 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 10 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 5 6 8 10 12.5 5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 12.5 16 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16

90x90

100x100

120x120

140x140

150x150

160x160 180x180

+

Mass Per Metre kg/m m 7.18 8.59 11.70 13.80 14.40 17.80 21.10 9.72 13.30 15.70 16.40 20.40 24.30 12.00 14.80 17.60 18.40 22.90 27.90 31.90 18.00 21.30 22.30 27.90 34.20 41.60 21.10 25.10 32.90 40.40 49.50 22.70 27.00 28.30 35.40 43.60 52.40 66.40 57.30 70.20 32.60 34.20 43.00 53.00 65.20 81.40

Area Of Section A



Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


Z

S

J

C

cm2 9.14 10.9 14.7 17.4 18.1 22.4 26.9 12.3 16.7 19.8 20.7 25.6 30.9 15.2 18.7 22.2 23.2 28.8 34.9 40.7 22.7 27.0 28.2 35.2 42.9 52.1 26.7 31.8 41.6 50.9 62.1 28.7 34.2 35.8 44.8 54.9 67.1 83.0 72.1 89.4 41.4 43.3 54.4 66.9 82.1 102

cm4 89.8 105 137 156 162 189 214 152 200 230 238 281 322 232 279 323 336 400 462 512 498 579 603 726 852 982 807 944 1195 1416 1653 1002 1174 1223 1491 1773 2080 2430 2576 3028 2077 2168 2661 3193 3790 4504

cm 3.13 3.11 3.05 3.00 2.99 2.91 2.82 3.52 3.45 3.41 3.40 3.32 3.23 3.91 3.86 3.82 3.80 3.73 3.64 3.55 4.68 4.63 4.62 4.55 4.46 4.34 5.50 5.45 5.36 5.27 5.16 5.90 5.86 5.85 5.77 5.68 5.57 5.41 5.98 5.82 7.09 7.07 7.00 6.91 6.80 6.64

cm3 22.5 26.2 34.2 39.1 40.5 47.3 53.5 33.8 44.4 51.1 53.0 62.6 71.6 46.4 55.9 64.6 67.1 79.9 92.4 102.0 83.0 96.6 100 121 142 164 115 135 171 202 236 134 156 163 199 236 277 324 322 379 231 241 296 355 421 500

cm3 26.3 31.0 41.1 47.8 49.7 59.5 69.3 39.7 53.0 61.8 64.3 77.6 91.3 54.4 66.4 77.6 80.9 98.2 116 132 97.6 115 120 146 175 207 135 159 204 246 293 156 184 192 237 286 342 411 395 476 269 281 349 424 511 621

cm4 140 164 217 252 262 312 360 237 316 367 382 459 536 361 439 513 534 646 761 858 777 911 950 1160 1382 1623 1253 1475 1892 2272 2696 1550 1828 1909 2351 2832 3375 4026 4158 4988 3215 3361 4162 5048 6070 7343

cm3 33.0 38.5 49.8 56.8 58.7 68.3 76.8 49.7 64.8 74.3 77.0 90.5 103.0 68.2 81.8 94.3 97.8 116 133 147 122 141 147 176 206 236 170 198 249 294 342 197 230 240 291 344 402 467 467 546 340 355 434 518 613 724

m2/m 0.312 0.311 0.307 0.305 0.304 0.299 0.294 0.351 0.347 0.345 0.344 0.339 0.334 0.390 0.387 0.385 0.384 0.379 0.374 0.369 0.467 0.465 0.464 0.459 0.454 0.448 0.547 0.545 0.539 0.534 0.528 0.587 0.585 0.584 0.579 0.574 0.568 0.559 0.608 0.599 0.705 0.704 0.699 0.694 0.688 0.679

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS


+ Seamless process


97


Square

x

x

D

t y

Designation Size Thickness DxD

t

mm 200x200

mm 5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 5 6 8 10 12 14 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 14 14.2 16 6 6.3 8 9 10 12 12.5 16 6 8 10 12 12.5 14 14.2 16 19 22 25

220x220

250x250

260x260

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

300x300

350x350

98

Mass Per Metre kg/m m 30.50 36.40 38.20 48.00 59.30 73.00 91.50 33.50 40.00 52.70 65.10 77.20 88.90 45.80 48.10 60.50 75.00 92.60 117.00 47.60 49.90 62.80 77.70 92.20 95.80 106.00 108.00 120.00 55.10 57.95 73.10 81.93 90.70 107.97 112.00 142.00 64.50 85.70 106.00 127.00 132.00 146.00 148.00 167.00 190.00 217.00 242.00

Area Of Section A



Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Z

S

J

C

cm2 38.7 46.2 48.4 60.8 74.9 92.1 115 42.7 51.0 67.2 82.9 98.3 113 58.2 61.0 76.8 94.9 117 147 60.6 63.5 80.0 98.9 117 122 136 137 153 70 73.6 92.8 104 115 137 142 179 82.2 109 135 161 167 186 189 211 248 283 318

cm4 2445 2883 3011 3709 4471 5336 6394 3281 3875 5002 6050 7023 7922 5752 6014 7455 9055 10920 13270 6491 6788 8423 10240 11950 12370 13560 13710 15060 10080 10550 13130 14600 16030 18780 19440 23850 16170 21130 25880 30440 31540 34790 35210 38940 44820 50270 55320

cm 7.95 7.90 7.89 7.81 7.72 7.61 7.46 8.76 8.72 8.63 8.54 8.45 8.36 9.94 9.93 9.86 9.77 9.66 9.50 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.0 9.99 9.91 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.5 14.0 13.9 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.3 13.2

cm3 245 288 301 371 447 534 639 298 352 455 550 638 720 460 481 596 724 873 1061 499 522 648 788 920 951 1043 1055 1159 672 703 875 973 1068 1252 1296 1590 924 1207 1479 1739 1802 1988 2012 2225 2561 2873 3161

cm3 283 335 350 436 531 643 785 344 408 532 650 762 868 531 556 694 851 1037 1280 576 603 753 924 1087 1127 1244 1259 1394 772 809 1013 1130 1246 1470 1525 1895 1058 1392 1715 2030 2107 2334 2364 2630 3055 3460 3845

cm4 3756 4449 4653 5778 7031 8491 10340 5028 5963 7765 9473 11090 12620 8825 9238 11530 14110 17160 21140 9951 10420 13010 15930 18730 19410 21400 21660 23940 15407 16140 20190 22520 24810 29250 30330 37620 24650 32380 39890 47150 48930 54190 54880 60990 70760 80010 88750

cm3 362 426 444 545 655 778 927 442 521 669 807 933 1049 681 712 880 1065 1279 1546 740 773 956 1159 1348 1394 1525 1542 1689 997 1043 1294 1437 1575 1840 1904 2325 1373 1789 2185 2563 2654 2922 2957 3264 3744 4187 4595


Torsional Constants

Surface Area Per Metre m2/m 0.787 0.785 0.784 0.779 0.774 0.768 0.759 0.867 0.865 0.859 0.854 0.849 0.844 0.985 0.984 0.979 0.974 0.968 0.959 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.34


Square

x

x

D

t y

DxD

t

mm 400x400

mm 8 10 12 12.5 14 14.2 16 20 22 25 12 16 19 22 25 28 32 12 16 19 22 25 28 32 36 16 19 22 25 28 32 36 40 25 28 32 36 40 25 28 32 36 40

450x450

500x500

550x550

600x600

700x700

#

kg/m m 97.90 122.00 145.00 152.00 168.00 170.00 192.00 237.00 251.00 282.00 162.00 213.00 250.00 286.00 321.00 355.00 399.00 181.00 238.00 280.00 320.00 360.00 399.00 450.00 498.00 263.00 309.00 355.00 399.00 443.00 500.00 555.00 608.00 439.00 487.00 550.00 611.00 671.00 517.00 575.00 651.00 724.00 797.00

Area Of Section A



Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


Z

S

J

C

cm2 125 155 185 192 214 217 243 300 327 368 209 275 324 371 418 464 524 233 307 362 415 468 520 588 654 339 400 459 518 576 652 726 799 568 632 716 798 879 668 744 844 942 1039

cm4 31860 39130 46130 47840 52870 53530 59340 71540 77260 85380 66460 85860 99540 112500 124700 136300 150700 92030 119300 138600 157100 174600 191300 212300 231700 160400 186800 212100 236300 259500 288700 316100 341800 311100 342100 381600 418800 453900 504700 556600 623100 686500 746900

cm 16.0 15.9 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.6 15.4 15.4 15.2 17.8 17.7 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.1 17.0 19.89 19.71 19.58 19.44 19.31 19.18 19.00 18.82 21.75 21.62 21.49 21.35 21.22 21.04 20.86 20.68 23.40 23.26 23.08 22.91 22.73 27.48 27.35 27.17 26.99 26.81

cm3 1593 1956 2306 2392 2643 2676 2967 3577 3863 4269 2954 3816 4424 5000 5544 6058 6696 3681 4771 5545 6283 6986 7653 8491 9269 5833 6793 7714 8594 9436 10500 11500 12430 10370 11410 12720 13960 15130 14420 15900 17800 19610 21340

cm3 1830 2260 2679 2782 3087 3127 3484 4247 4612 5141 3419 4459 5208 5929 6624 7292 8143 4248 5554 6498 7411 8295 9149 10242 11283 6769 7930 9058 10150 11220 12580 13890 15140 12200 13490 15160 16770 18310 16850 18670 21040 23330 25540

cm4 48700 60090 71180 73910 81960 83030 92440 112500 122100 135900 102200 133200 155400 176700 197200 216800 241700 141200 184400 215500 245600 274600 302600 338200 372000 247300 289500 330400 370100 408400 457500 504400 549000 485300 536300 601900 664900 725100 782900 867000 975800 1081000 1182000

cm3 2363 2895 3405 3530 3894 3942 4362 5237 5646 6223 4368 5620 6497 7324 8101 8832 9735 5451 7038 8159 9222 10230 11180 12370 13470 8616 10010 11340 12610 13810 15330 16740 18060 15230 16720 18600 20370 22030 21240 23380 26110 28700 31160

m2/m 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.77 1.76 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 2.16 2.15 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.34 2.33 2.32 2.31 2.30 2.74 2.73 2.72 2.71 2.70

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS


Mass Per Metre

# Grade S355J2H only S.A.W process


99

HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y

Rectangular D

x

x t y

Designation Thickness Size

DxB

t

mm 50x25

mm 2.5 3 3.2 4 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 4 5 6 8 10 3 3.2 3.6 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10

50x30

60x40

80x40

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

80x50

90x50

100x50

100

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section

A kg/m 2.72 3.22 3.41 4.07 2.92 3.45 3.66 4.46 5.40 3.71 4.39 4.66 5.72 6.97 8.15 8.49 10.00 5.34 5.67 6.97 8.54 10.00 10.50 12.80 14.90 5.81 7.53 9.33 11.00 14.11 16.40 6.28 6.63 7.46 8.15 10.10 11.90 12.50 15.30 18.00 6.75 7.18 8.86 10.90 12.90 13.40 16.60 19.60

cm2 3.43 4.04 4.28 5.19 3.68 4.34 4.60 5.59 6.73 4.68 5.54 5.88 7.19 8.73 10.2 10.6 12.8 6.74 7.16 8.79 10.7 12.6 13.1 16.0 18.9 7.34 9.59 11.7 13.8 17.6 20.9 7.94 8.44 9.42 10.4 12.7 15.0 15.6 19.2 22.9 8.54 9.08 11.2 13.7 16.2 16.9 20.8 24.9

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm4 10.4 11.9 12.5 14.4 11.8 13.6 14.2 16.5 18.7 22.8 26.5 27.8 32.8 38.1 42.3 43.4 47.9 54.2 57.2 68.2 80.3 90.5 93.3 106 115 63.1 79.8 94.4 107 127 140 84.4 89.1 98.3 107 127 145 150 174 194 110 116 140 167 190 197 230 259

cm 1.74 1.72 1.71 1.66 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.72 1.67 2.21 2.18 2.18 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.02 1.94 2.84 2.83 2.79 2.74 2.68 2.67 2.58 2.47 2.93 2.88 2.84 2.79 2.69 2.59 3.26 3.25 3.23 3.21 3.16 3.11 3.10 3.01 2.91 3.58 3.57 3.53 3.48 3.43 3.42 3.33 3.22

cm 0.994 0.973 0.964 0.929 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.13 1.08 1.60 1.58 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.45 1.44 1.36 1.63 1.63 1.59 1.55 1.50 1.49 1.42 1.33 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.81 1.72 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.01 1.97 1.92 1.91 1.84 1.75 2.08 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.93 1.86 1.77

cm3 4.16 4.76 4.98 5.75 4.73 5.43 5.68 6.60 7.49 7.61 8.82 9.27 10.9 12.7 14.1 14.5 16.0 13.6 14.3 17.1 20.1 22.6 23.3 26.5 28.8 15.8 19.9 23.6 26.8 31.7 35.0 18.8 19.8 21.8 23.8 28.3 32.2 33.3 38.6 43.0 21.9 23.2 27.9 33.3 38.1 39.4 46.0 51.8

cm3 2.71 3.06 3.18 3.59 3.48 3.96 4.13 4.72 5.26 6.03 6.95 7.29 8.52 9.77 10.7 11.0 11.9 9.00 9.46 11.1 12.9 14.2 14.6 16.1 16.9 12.1 15.1 17.7 19.8 23.0 24.8 13.4 14.1 15.5 16.8 19.7 22.1 22.8 25.8 28.1 14.7 15.5 18.5 21.7 24.5 25.2 28.7 31.4

cm3 5.33 6.18 6.50 7.67 5.92 6.88 7.25 8.59 10.0 9.32 10.9 11.5 13.8 16.4 18.6 19.2 22.1 17.1 18.0 21.8 26.1 30.0 31.1 36.5 41.3 19.4 24.9 29.9 34.4 42.2 48.3 23.2 24.6 27.2 29.8 36.0 41.6 43.2 51.4 59.3 27.3 28.9 35.2 42.6 49.4 51.3 61.4 71.2

cm3 3.22 3.71 3.89 4.54 4.11 4.76 5.00 5.88 6.80 7.02 8.19 8.64 10.3 12.2 13.7 14.2 16.1 10.4 11.0 13.2 15.7 17.8 18.4 21.2 23.5 13.9 17.8 21.3 24.4 29.6 33.4 15.3 16.2 18.0 19.6 23.5 27.0 28.0 32.9 37.4 16.8 17.7 21.5 25.8 29.7 30.8 36.3 41.4

cm4 8.42 9.64 10.1 11.6 11.7 13.5 14.2 16.6 19.0 25.1 29.2 30.8 36.7 43.0 48.2 49.5 55.4 43.8 46.2 55.2 65.1 73.4 75.6 85.8 92.5 64.8 82.6 98.4 112 135 150 76.5 80.9 89.4 97.5 116 133 138 160 179 88.4 93.4 113 135 154 160 186 209

cm3 4.61 5.20 5.41 6.11 5.73 6.51 6.80 7.77 8.67 9.73 11.2 11.7 13.7 15.7 17.3 17.6 19.2 15.3 16.1 18.9 21.9 24.2 24.8 27.4 28.9 19.7 24.6 28.8 32.3 37.5 40.6 22.4 23.6 25.9 28.0 32.9 37.0 38.1 43.2 47.1 25.0 26.4 31.4 36.9 41.6 42.9 48.9 53.6

cm4 3.39 3.83 3.98 4.48 5.22 5.94 6.20 7.08 7.89 12.1 13.9 14.6 17.0 19.5 21.4 21.9 23.7 18.0 18.9 22.2 25.7 28.5 29.2 32.1 33.7 30.2 37.7 44.1 49.5 57.4 62.1 33.5 35.3 38.7 41.9 49.2 55.4 57.0 64.6 70.2 36.8 38.8 46.2 54.3 61.2 63.0 71.7 78.4



m2/m 0.144 0.142 0.142 0.140 0.154 0.152 0.152 0.150 0.147 0.194 0.192 0.192 0.190 0.187 0.185 0.184 0.179 0.232 0.232 0.230 0.227 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.214 0.252 0.250 0.247 0.245 0.239 0.234 0.272 0.272 0.271 0.270 0.267 0.265 0.264 0.259 0.254 0.292 0.292 0.290 0.287 0.285 0.284 0.279 0.274


Rectangular D

x

x t y

DxB

t

mm 100x60

mm 3 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 3.6 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 5 6 6.3 8 10 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 4.5 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 16 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16

120x60

120x80

150x100

160x80

200x100

200x120

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section

A

+

kg/m 7.22 8.59 11.70 13.80 14.40 17.80 9.72 10.70 13.30 15.70 16.40 20.40 24.30 14.80 17.60 18.40 22.90 27.90 18.70 22.30 23.30 29.10 35.70 41.40 42.80 16.24 18.00 21.30 22.30 27.90 34.20 39.50 41.60 22.70 27.00 28.30 35.40 43.60 50.80 53.40 66.40 24.1 30.1 37.6 46.3 55.7 71.38

cm2 9.14 10.9 14.7 17.4 18.1 22.4 12.3 13.6 16.7 19.8 20.7 25.6 30.9 18.7 22.2 23.2 28.8 34.9 23.7 28.2 29.5 36.8 44.9 52.7 54.6 20.6 22.7 27.0 28.2 35.2 42.9 50.3 52.1 28.7 34.2 35.8 44.8 54.9 64.7 67.1 83.0 30.7 38.3 48.0 58.9 71.7 89.4

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm4 124 145 189 217 225 264 227 249 299 345 358 425 488 365 423 440 525 609 739 862 898 1087 1282 1450 1488 679 744 868 903 1091 1284 1449 1485 1495 1754 1829 2234 2664 3047 3136 3678 1690 2070 2530 3030 3468 4221

cm 3.68 3.65 3.58 3.53 3.52 3.44 4.30 4.28 4.23 4.18 4.16 4.08 3.97 4.42 4.37 4.36 4.27 4.18 5.58 5.53 5.52 5.44 5.34 5.25 5.22 5.75 5.72 5.67 5.66 5.57 5.47 5.37 5.34 7.21 7.16 7.15 7.06 6.96 6.86 6.84 6.66 7.40 7.34 7.26 7.17 6.99 6.87

cm 2.47 2.44 2.38 2.34 2.33 2.25 2.49 2.47 2.43 2.39 2.37 2.30 2.21 3.21 3.17 3.15 3.08 2.99 4.07 4.02 4.01 3.94 3.85 3.76 3.74 3.33 3.31 3.27 3.26 3.18 3.10 3.01 2.99 4.19 4.15 4.14 4.06 3.98 3.89 3.87 3.72 4.98 4.92 4.85 4.76 4.63 4.50

cm3 24.7 28.9 37.8 43.4 45.0 52.8 37.9 41.5 49.9 57.5 59.7 70.8 81.4 60.9 70.6 73.3 87.5 102 98.5 115 120 145 171 193 198 84.9 93.0 108 113 136 161 181 186 149 175 183 223 266 305 314 368 168 207 253 303 347 422

cm3 18.6 21.6 27.9 31.7 32.7 37.8 25.4 27.7 32.9 37.5 38.8 45.0 50.5 48.2 55.6 57.6 68.1 78.1 78.5 91.2 94.8 114 133 149 153 57.1 62.3 72.0 74.8 89.0 103 114 116 101 118 123 148 174 196 201 229 127 155 188 223 254 302

cm3 30.2 35.6 47.4 55.1 57.3 68.7 47.2 51.9 63.1 73.6 76.7 92.7 109.2 74.6 87.3 91.0 111 131 119 141 147 180 216 249 256 106 116 136 142 175 209 240 247 185 218 228 282 341 395 408 491 205 253 313 379 444 550

cm3 21.2 24.9 32.9 38.1 39.5 47.1 28.9 31.7 38.4 44.5 46.3 55.4 64.4 56.1 65.5 68.2 82.6 97.3 90.1 106 110 135 161 185 190 64.8 71.1 83.3 86.8 106 125 142 146 114 134 140 172 206 237 245 290 144 177 218 263 308 377

cm4 121 142 188 216 224 265 183 201 242 279 290 344 396 401 468 487 587 688 807 946 986 1203 1432 1633 1679 547 600 701 730 883 1041 1175 1204 1204 1414 1475 1804 2156 2469 2541 2982 1650 2030 2490 3000 3568 4247

cm3 30.7 35.6 45.9 52.1 53.8 62.2 43.3 47.1 56.0 63.8 65.9 76.6 86.1 77.9 89.6 92.9 110 126 127 147 153 183 214 240 246 97.2 106 122 127 151 175 194 198 172 200 208 251 295 333 341 391 210 255 310 367 426 497

cm4 55.7 64.8 83.6 95.0 98.1 113 76.3 83.1 98.8 113 116 135 152 193 222 230 273 313 392 456 474 569 665 745 763 229 249 288 299 356 411 455 465 505 589 613 739 869 979 1004 1147 762 929 1130 1340 1524 1813


m2/m 0.312 0.311 0.307 0.305 0.304 0.299 0.351 0.350 0.347 0.345 0.344 0.339 0.334 0.387 0.385 0.384 0.379 0.374 0.487 0.485 0.484 0.479 0.474 0.469 0.468 0.468 0.467 0.465 0.464 0.459 0.454 0.449 0.448 0.587 0.585 0.584 0.579 0.574 0.569 0.568 0.559 0.627 0.624 0.619 0.614 0.608 0.599

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS


+ Seamless process


101


Rectangular D

x

x t y


DxB

t

mm 200x150

mm 6 6.3 8 9 10 12 12.5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 16 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 16 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 6.3 8 10 12.5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16

250x150

300x100

300x200 HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

300x250

350x150

350x250

400x120

400x150

102

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section

A kg/m 31.70 33.22 41.70 46.60 51.40 60.90 63.20 36.40 38.00 48.00 59.30 73.00 91.50 30.52 36.20 38.00 48.00 58.80 70.30 91.50 45.80 48.10 60.50 75.00 89.15 92.60 117.00 53.00 66.80 82.80 102.00 129.00 48.10 60.50 75.00 92.60 117.00 73.10 90.70 112.00 142.00 50.00 63.10 78.10 96.60 53.00 66.80 82.80 102.00 129.00

cm2 40.2 42.1 52.8 58.9 64.9 76.7 79.6 46.2 48.4 60.8 74.9 92.1 115 38.7 46.2 48.4 61.1 74.9 88.7 117 58.2 61.0 76.8 94.9 113 117 147 67.5 85.1 106 130 165 61 77 94.9 117 149 93 116 143 181 63.7 80.3 99.5 123 67.5 85.1 106 130 165


cm4 1485 1549 1894 2084 2264 2596 2673 1796 1874 2298 2755 3265 3873 731 854 890 1087 1275 1447 1747 4013 4193 5184 6278 7294 7537 9109 6984 8682 10580 12810 15670 2537 3125 3737 4450 5386 9854 12020 14580 17860 1752 2146 2569 3040 2863 3528 4257 5087 6108

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm 7.60 7.58 7.50 7.46 7.41 7.32 7.30 9.27 9.25 9.17 9.08 8.96 8.79 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.1 9.97 9.82 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.0 10.9 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.3 12.5 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.0 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.0 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.3 14.1 14.0 13.9 13.8 13.6

cm 6.08 6.07 5.99 5.95 5.91 5.82 5.80 6.24 6.22 6.15 6.06 5.96 5.80 4.34 4.30 4.29 4.22 4.13 4.04 3.87 8.31 8.29 8.22 8.13 8.05 8.02 7.87 10.20 10.10 10.00 9.91 9.76 6.44 6.36 6.27 6.17 6.02 10.30 10.20 10.10 9.95 5.24 5.17 5.08 4.97 6.51 6.44 6.35 6.24 6.09

cm3 232 242 297 328 357 411 424 317 331 409 494 591 710 276 326 341 426 508 588 749 499 522 648 788 920 952 1159 616 767 937 1137 1395 546 679 818 988 1229 946 1158 1410 1739 594 740 903 1095 667 832 1017 1236 1520

cm3 198 207 253 278 302 346 356 239 250 306 367 435 516 146 171 178 217 255 289 349 401 419 518 628 729 754 911 559 695 847 1025 1254 338 417 498 593 718 788 963 1166 1429 292 358 428 507 382 470 568 678 814

cm3 277 289 359 398 436 508 525 385 402 501 611 740 906 354 419 439 551 666 779 1008 596 624 779 956 1124 1165 1441 720 902 1109 1358 1689 680 851 1035 1263 1586 1124 1385 1700 2121 766 960 1180 1444 841 1054 1297 1589 1978

cm3 227 237 294 325 356 414 428 270 283 350 426 514 625 161 190 199 247 296 343 431 451 472 589 721 847 877 1080 636 796 978 1196 1485 375 467 566 686 850 892 1098 1345 1672 322 399 486 588 420 524 640 778 957

cm4 2820 2947 3643 4033 4409 5119 5287 3877 4054 5021 6090 7326 8868 2040 2399 2504 3066 3676 4223 5142 8100 8476 10560 12910 15140 15680 19250 12140 15170 18600 22680 28020 6383 7917 9633 11620 14110 19010 23330 28490 35280 5035 6212 7501 8973 7588 9415 11450 13820 16810

cm3 313 326 398 437 475 543 559 396 413 506 605 717 849 262 306 319 387 458 520 620 651 681 840 1015 1178 1217 1468 862 1067 1295 1561 1898 587 721 867 1032 1235 1255 1526 1843 2248 527 645 771 912 673 828 998 1191 1427



m2/m 0.685 0.684 0.679 0.677 0.674 0.669 0.668 0.785 0.784 0.779 0.774 0.768 0.759 0.787 0.785 0.784 0.780 0.774 0.769 0.769 0.985 0.984 0.979 0.974 0.969 0.968 0.959 1.082 1.077 1.071 1.065 1.055 0.974 0.974 0.974 0.968 0.968 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.06


Rectangular D

x

x t y

DxB

t

mm 400x200

mm 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 10 12.5 16 20

400x300

450x250

500x200

500x300

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section

A kg/m 57.90 73.10 90.70 112.00 142.00 85.70 106.00 132.00 167.00 85.40 106.00 132.00 167.00 85.70 106.00 132.00 167.00 122.00 152.00 192.00 237.00

cm2 73.6 92.8 115 142 179 109 136 168 213 109 135 167 211 109 135 168 213 155 192 243 302

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 15700 19560 23910 29060 35740 25860 31750 38800 48100 30080 36900 45030 55710 34270 41760 51510 63930 53760 65810 81780 100100

cm4 5376 6660 8084 9738 11820 16620 20360 24800 30620 12140 14820 17970 22040 8170 9891 12020 14670 24440 29780 36770 44550

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.1 15.4 15.3 15.2 15.0 16.6 16.5 16.4 16.2 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.3 18.6 18.5 18.3 18.2

cm 8.55 8.47 8.39 8.28 8.13 12.30 12.30 12.20 12.00 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.2 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.31 12.6 12.5 12.3 12.1

cm3 785 978 1196 1453 1787 1293 1587 1940 2405 1337 1640 2001 2476 1371 1670 2060 2557 2150 2633 3271 4006

cm3 538 666 808 974 1182 1108 1357 1654 2041 971 1185 1438 1763 817 989 1202 1467 1629 1985 2451 2970

cm3 960 1203 1480 1813 2256 1524 1882 2316 2899 1622 2000 2458 3070 1716 2105 2609 3267 2595 3196 4005 4942

cm3 594 743 911 1111 1374 1252 1544 1898 2371 1081 1331 1631 2029 900 1101 1354 1683 1826 2244 2804 3442

cm4 12610 15740 19260 23440 28870 30980 38140 46750 58200 27080 33280 40720 50550 21100 25870 31480 38830 52450 64390 80330 97310

cm3 917 1135 1376 1656 2010 1749 2136 2593 3186 1629 1986 2406 2947 1430 1737 2097 2554 2696 3281 4044 4845


m2/m 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.57 1.57 1.56

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS


S.A.W process


103

HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS

104


COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS

102

Cold Formed Hollow Sections

General Structural hollow sections make beautiful, efficient structures with a nice continuity. The cold formed hollow sections, square, rectangular and circular, have constant external dimension within the same serial size only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, only changing the thickness, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication. By using multi-storey columns the number of joints will be smaller and the number of welds affecting the capacity of cold formed sections will therefore be reduced (see “Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections”). Due to their high sectional properties hollow sections provide smaller column footprints than other design solutions, with increased floor area. Added together these qualities give an efficient and economic structure. It has long been the opinion amongst structural people that for low-rise buildings only concrete will be economical, but with multi-storey hollow sections steel structures can compete with concrete structures. Steel might be more expensive per metric ton, but with the fabrication and erection time, a lighter structure, labour cost, and easy maintenance taken into account, a steel structure might give the most economic design.

Comparable specifications Grade

Min. Yield strength

Tensile strength

2

N/mm

Charpy V-Notch Impact

N/mm

Joules

°C 20

2

EN 10219-1 (1997)

S235JRH

235

340-470

27

JIS G 3444 (1994)

STK400

235

min. 400

-

-

JIS G 3466 (1988)

STKR400

245

min. 400

-

-

AS 1163 (1991)

C250L0

250

min. 320

27

0

EN 10219-1 (1997)

S275J0H

275

410-560

27

0

EN 10219-1 (1997)

S275J2H

275

410-560

27

-20

COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS

Specification

ASTM A500 (1996) Round tubing

Grade A

228

min. 310

-

-

Shaped tubing

“

269

min. 310

-

-

Round tubing

Grade B

290

min. 400

-

-

Shaped tubing

“

317

min. 400

-

-

STKR490

325

min. 490

-

-

C350L0

350

min. 430

27

0

JIS G 3444 (1994)

STK500

355

min. 500

-

-

EN 10219-1 (1997)

S355J0H

355

490-630

27

0

EN 10219-1 (1997)

S355J2H

355

490-630

27

-20

JIS G 3444 (1994)

STK540

390

min. 540

-

-

AS 1163 (1991)

C450L0

450

min. 500

27

0

JIS G 3466 (1988) AS 1163 (1991)

Note:

For EN 10219-1 and ASTM A500 the values given are for section thickness above 3mm. EN 10219-1 (1997): one of the new European Norms, see Explanatory notes. ASTM A36 (1991): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for carbon structural steel. ASTM 500 (1996): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for cold formed welded and seamless carbon steels structural tubing in rounds and shapes. JIS G 3444 (1994): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes. JIS G 3466 (1988): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel square pipes for general structural purposes. AS 1163 (1991): Australian Standard for Structural steel hollow sections.

Table 16 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications


105


103

Product specifications Productions of cold formed structural hollow sections have been standardised in EN 10219: 1997: "Cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steel" Part 1, Grades S235, S275, S355, but other grades and sub-grades can be supplied, subject to minimum order quantities. Dimensions, tolerances and sectional properties meet the requirements of EN 10219:1997: "Cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels" Part 2. The cold formed hollow sections, square, rectangular and circular have constant external dimension within the same serial size, only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication.

Chemical composition The chemical compositions of hot finished hollow sections are given in EN 10219-1: 1997, Table A.1, B.1 and B.2. When a carbon equivalent value (CEV) is required it shall be determined from the cast analysis using the formula: CEV = C +

Mn (Cr + Mo + V ) ( Ni + Cu ) + + 6 5 15

Mechanical properties The mechanical properties for cold formed sections in accordance with EN 102191:1997 are summarised below. Designation

Min. Yield strength ReH in N/mm

Tensile strength

2

Rm in N/mm

Min. elongation (%)

2

L0=5.65(S0)

Test temp.

1/2

Impact KV

Nominal thickness in mm t 16

16>t40 2

2

3t40

t<3 2

2

t40


N/mm

N/mm

N/mm

N/mm

%

C

J

S235JRH

235

225

360-510

340-470

24

20

27

S275J0H

275

265

430-580

410-560

20

S275J2H S355J0H

355

345

510-680

490-630

S355J2H

20

0

27

-20

27

0

27

-20

27

Table 17 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties

Tensile test The tensile test shall be carried out according with EN 10002-1: "Metallic materials Tensile testing - Method of test (at ambient temperature)". See chapter “Hot finished Hollow Sections”.

Charpy V-notch impact test The specimens, in accordance with EN 10045-1: "Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Test method", are tested at the required temperature according to grade. See chapter “Hot finished Hollow Sections”.

106



104

Manufacturing tolerances The tolerances for cold formed hollow sections are specified in EN 10219: 1997, Part 2. The tolerances are mostly similar to those specified in EN 10210: 1997, Part 2, for hot finished hollow sections. The tolerances are listed in Table 18 below. Characteristic

Circular hollow sections

Square and rectangular hollow sections Size in mm Tolerance

Outside dimensions (D, B, H)

±1% with a minimum of ±0.5mm and a maximum of ±10mm

H, B <100: 100H, B 200: H, B >200:

- For D 406.4mm:

T>5mm: ±0.50mm - For D>406.4mm:

Out-of-roundness (O) Concavity/convexity

2)

±0.6 %

T5mm: ±10%

±10% with a max. of 2mm 2% for hollow sections having a diameter 1) to thickness ratio not exceeding 100 -

Squareness of side

-

External corner profile (C 1, C2 or R)

-

Twist (V) Straightness

0.20% of total length

±0.50mm

For T>5mm: For T 5mm:

±10%

Max. 0.8% with a minimum of 0.5mm 90°±1° For T 6mm: For 6
1.6T to 2.4T 2.0T to 3.0T 2.4T to 3.6T

2mm plus 0.5mm/m length 0.15% of total length ±6% on individual lengths

Mass (M)

Type of length

Length

Tolerances

Random length

4 000 to 16 000 with a range of 2000 per order item

10% of sections supplied may be below the minimum for the ordered range, but not less than 75% of the minimum of the range

Approximate length

4 000

+50/0 mm

Exact length

< 6 000 6 000 to 10 000

+5/0 mm +15/0 mm +5/0 mm +1mm/m

> 10 000 Notes:


Thickness (T)

±1% with a minimum of: ±0.5mm. ±0.8%

1) Where diameter to thickness ratio exceeds 100mm the tolerance on out-of-roundness shall be agreed. 2) The tolerance on concavity and convexity is independent of the tolerance on the outside dimensions.

Table 18 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances

All external dimensions including out-of-roundness shall be measured at a distance from the end of the hollow section of not less than D for circular sections, B for square sections and H for rectangular sections, with a minimum of 100mm. D= diameter, B= width, H= height, R= outer corner radius V, C1 and C2= see drawings in chapter “Hot Finished Hollow Sections”. The thickness T of welded sections shall be measured at a position not less than 2T from the weld.

Other specifications Cold formed structural hollow sections are also supplied to other international standards and National specifications, see Table 16 the on first page of this chapter.


107

106

COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D

Circular

y

x

x t y

Designation Thickness Outside

D mm 26.9 33.7

42.4

48.3

60.3

76.1

88.9

101.6

114.3

139.7


t mm 2.5 3.2 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0

* * * * *

* *

* *

* *

*

* *

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section



Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

A cm2 1.92 2.38 2.89 3.07 3.73 3.71 3.94 4.39 4.83 4.27 4.53 5.06 5.57 5.40 5.74 6.41 7.07 8.69 6.89 7.33 8.20 9.06 11.26 8.10 8.62 10.7 13.2 12.3 13.7 15.2 18.0 10.5 11.2 12.5 17.2 20.4 21.4 21.2 25.2 26.4 33.1 40.7

D/t

kg/m 1.50 1.87 2.27 2.41 2.93 2.91 3.09 3.44 3.79 3.35 3.56 3.97 4.37 4.24 4.51 5.03 5.55 6.82 5.41 5.75 6.44 7.11 11.2 6.36 6.76 8.38 10.35 9.63 10.80 11.90 14.10 8.23 8.77 9.83 13.48 16.03 16.78 16.61 19.78 20.73 25.98 31.99

I cm4 1.44 1.70 3.44 3.60 4.19 7.25 7.62 8.33 8.99 11.0 11.6 12.7 13.8 22.2 23.5 25.9 28.2 33.5 46.1 48.8 54.0 59.1 70.9 74.8 79.2 96.3 116 146 162 177 207 163 172 192 257 300 313 481 564 589 720 862

r cm 0.867 0.846 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.57 2.03 2.02 2.01 2.00 1.96 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.55 2.52 3.04 3.03 3.00 2.97 3.45 3.44 3.42 3.39 3.94 3.93 3.92 3.87 3.83 3.82 4.77 4.73 4.72 4.66 4.60

Z cm3 1.07 1.27 2.04 2.14 2.49 3.42 3.59 3.93 4.24 4.55 4.80 5.26 5.70 7.37 7.78 8.58 9.34 11.1 12.1 12.8 14.2 15.5 18.6 16.8 17.8 21.7 26.2 28.8 31.9 34.9 40.7 28.4 30.2 33.6 45.0 52.5 54.7 68.8 80.8 84.3 103 123

S cm3 1.49 1.81 2.84 2.99 3.55 4.67 4.93 5.44 5.92 6.17 6.52 7.21 7.87 9.86 10.4 11.6 12.7 15.3 16.0 17.0 18.9 20.8 25.3 22.1 23.5 28.9 35.2 38.1 42.5 46.7 54.9 37.2 39.5 44.1 59.8 70.4 73.6 90.8 107 112 139 169

10.8 8.41 11.2 10.5 8.43 14.1 13.3 11.8 10.6 16.1 15.1 13.4 12.1 20.1 18.8 16.8 15.1 12.1 25.4 23.8 21.1 19.0 15.2 29.6 27.8 22.2 17.8 25.4 22.6 20.3 16.9 38.1 35.7 31.8 22.9 19.1 18.1 27.9 23.3 22.2 17.5 14.0

Torsional Constants

J cm4 2.88 3.41 6.88 7.21 8.38 14.5 15.2 16.7 18.0 22.0 23.2 25.4 27.5 44.4 46.9 51.7 56.3 67 92.2 97.6 108 118 142 150 158 193 233 293 324 355 413 325 345 384 514 600 625 961 1130 1177 1441 1724

Surface Area Per Metre C cm3 2.14 2.53 4.08 4.28 4.97 6.84 7.19 7.86 8.48 9.11 9.59 10.5 11.4 14.7 15.6 17.2 18.7 22.2 24.2 25.6 28.4 31.0 37.3 33.6 35.6 43.3 52.4 57.6 63.8 69.9 81 56.9 60.4 67.2 89.9 105 109 138 162 169 206 247

m2/m 0.0845 0.0845 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439

* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)

108


107


Circular

y

x

x t y

D mm 168.3

193.7

219.1

244.5

273

323.9

t mm 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

* *

*

*

*

*

*

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section



Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

A cm2 20.6 25.7 32.1 40.3 49.7 61.2 23.8 26.7 29.6 35.4 37.1 46.7 57.7 71.2 30.3 33.6 40.2 42.1 53.1 65.7 78.1 81.1 102 37.6 45.0 47.1 59.4 73.7 87.7 91.1 115 42.1 50.3 52.8 66.6 82.6 98.4 102 129 50.1 59.9 62.9 79.4 98.6 118 122 155

D/t

kg/m 16.21 20.14 25.17 31.63 39.04 48.03 18.71 21.00 23.27 27.77 29.12 36.64 45.30 55.86 23.82 26.40 31.53 33.06 41.65 51.57 61.29 63.69 80.14 29.53 35.29 37.01 46.66 57.83 68.81 71.52 90.16 33.05 39.51 41.44 52.28 64.86 77.24 80.30 101.41 39.32 47.04 49.34 62.32 77.41 92.30 95.99 121.49

I cm4 697 856 1053 1297 1564 1868 1073 1198 1320 1560 1630 2016 2442 2934 1747 1928 2282 2386 2960 3598 4200 4345 5297 2699 3199 3346 4160 5073 5938 6147 7533 3781 4487 4696 5852 7154 8396 8697 10710 6369 7572 7929 9910 12160 14320 14850 18390

r cm 5.81 5.78 5.73 5.67 5.61 5.53 6.71 6.69 6.67 6.64 6.63 6.57 6.50 6.42 7.59 7.57 7.54 7.53 7.47 7.40 7.33 7.32 7.20 8.47 8.43 8.42 8.37 8.30 8.23 8.21 8.10 9.48 9.44 9.43 9.37 9.31 9.24 9.22 9.10 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 10.9

Z cm3 82.8 102 125 154 186 222 111 124 136 161 168 208 252 303 159 176 208 218 270 328 383 397 483 221 262 274 340 415 486 503 616 277 329 344 429 524 615 637 784 393 468 490 612 751 884 917 1136

S cm3 108 133 165 206 251 304 144 161 178 211 221 276 338 411 207 229 273 285 357 438 515 534 661 287 341 358 448 550 649 673 837 359 428 448 562 692 818 849 1058 509 606 636 799 986 1168 1213 1518

42.1 33.7 26.7 21.0 16.8 13.5 48.4 43.0 38.7 32.3 30.7 24.2 19.4 15.5 48.7 43.8 36.5 34.8 27.4 21.9 18.3 17.5 13.7 48.9 40.8 38.8 30.6 24.5 20.4 19.6 15.3 54.6 45.5 43.3 34.1 27.3 22.8 21.8 17.1 64.8 54.0 51.4 40.5 32.4 27.0 25.9 20.2

Torsional Constants

J cm4 1394 1712 2107 2595 3128 3737 2146 2395 2640 3119 3260 4031 4883 5869 3494 3856 4564 4772 5919 7197 8400 8689 10600 5397 6397 6692 8321 10150 11880 12300 15070 7562 8974 9392 11700 14310 16790 17400 21410 12740 15150 15860 19820 24320 28640 29690 36780

Surface Area Per Metre C cm3 166 203 250 308 372 444 222 247 273 322 337 416 504 606 319 352 417 436 540 657 767 793 967 441 523 547 681 830 972 1006 1232 554 657 688 857 1048 1230 1274 1569 787 935 979 1224 1501 1768 1833 2271

m2/m 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02


Designation Outside Thickness



109

108


Circular

y

x

x t y

Designation Outside Thickness

D mm 355.6

406.4

457

508

t mm 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section



Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

A cm2 55.1 65.9 69.1 87.4 109 130 135 171 75.5 79.2 100 125 149 155 196 85.0 89.2 113 140 168 175 222 94.6 99.3 126 156 187 195 247

D/t

kg/m 43.23 51.73 54.27 68.58 85.23 101.68 105.77 134.00 59.25 62.16 78.60 97.76 116.72 121.43 154.05 66.73 70.02 88.58 110.24 131.69 137.03 174.01 74.28 77.95 98.65 122.81 146.79 152.75 194.14

I cm4 8464 10070 10550 13200 16220 19140 19850 24660 15130 15850 19870 24480 28940 30030 37450 21620 22650 28450 35090 41560 43150 53960 29810 31250 39280 48520 57540 59760 74910

r cm 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.0 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.8 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.6 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.5 17.4

Z cm3 476 566 593 742 912 1076 1117 1387 745 780 978 1205 1424 1478 1843 946 991 1245 1536 1819 1888 2361 1174 1230 1546 1910 2265 2353 2949

S cm3 615 733 769 967 1195 1417 1472 1847 962 1009 1270 1572 1867 1940 2440 1220 1280 1613 1998 2377 2470 3113 1512 1586 2000 2480 2953 3070 3874

71.1 59.3 56.4 44.5 35.6 29.6 28.4 22.2 67.7 64.5 50.8 40.6 33.9 32.5 25.4 76.2 72.5 57.1 45.7 38.1 36.6 28.6 84.7 80.6 63.5 50.8 42.3 40.6 31.8

Torsional Constants

J cm4 16930 20140 21090 26400 32450 38280 39700 49330 30260 31700 39750 48950 57870 60060 74900 43240 45310 56890 70180 83110 86290 107900 59620 62490 78560 97040 115100 119500 149800

Surface Area Per Metre C cm3 952 1133 1186 1485 1825 2153 2233 2774 1489 1560 1956 2409 2848 2956 3686 1892 1983 2490 3071 3637 3776 4723 2347 2460 3093 3820 4530 4705 5898

m2/m 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60



110


COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y

Square D

x

x

t y

DxD mm 12x12

13x13 16x16

19x19

20x20 25x25

30x30

32x32

38x38

40x40

50x50

t mm 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * *

Mass Per Metre kg/m 0.357 0.421 0.540 0.400 0.500 0.456 0.540 0.699 0.555 0.659 0.859 1.05 1.25 0.897 1.18 1.33 1.36 1.54 1.70 1.64 1.89 1.08 1.41 1.57 1.97 2.48 2.62 1.13 1.50 1.82 2.02 2.68 1.81 2.22 2.48 3.29 2.31 2.82 3.30 4.20 2.44 2.45 2.93 3.40 4.25 4.54 5.45 6.11 6.69 7.71

Area Of Section A cm 2 0.414 0.481 0.600 0.529 0.664 0.574 0.673 0.856 0.694 0.817 1.05 1.34 1.59 1.11 1.43 1.59 1.74 1.95 2.02 2.09 2.41 1.35 1.75 1.95 2.41 3.01 3.17 1.44 1.88 2.30 2.60 3.25 2.26 2.78 3.15 3.97 2.94 3.59 4.21 5.35 2.85 3.03 3.74 4.25 5.41 5.73 6.95 7.67 8.36 9.63

Second Moment Of Area I cm 4 0.0808 0.0897 0.102 0.118 0.136 0.210 0.239 0.284 0.368 0.421 0.511 0.692 0.766 1.03 1.28 1.38 1.48 1.61 1.65 1.69 1.84 1.83 2.31 2.52 2.99 3.50 3.62 2.25 2.84 3.36 3.71 4.38 4.92 5.88 6.54 7.85 6.94 8.22 9.32 11.1 11.1 11.7 14.1 15.9 19.5 20.4 23.7 25.5 27.0 29.5

Radius Of Gyration r cm 0.442 0.432 0.412 0.473 0.453 0.605 0.595 0.576 0.728 0.718 0.698 0.720 0.694 0.963 0.944 0.934 0.924 0.909 0.904 0.899 0.874 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.07 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.16 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.54 1.51 1.49 1.44 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.93 1.90 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.75

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Z cm 3 0.135 0.150 0.169 0.182 0.209 0.263 0.298 0.354 0.387 0.444 0.538 0.692 0.766 0.820 1.02 1.11 1.19 1.29 1.32 1.35 1.47 1.22 1.54 1.68 2.00 2.34 2.41 1.41 1.78 2.10 2.32 2.74 2.59 3.10 3.44 4.13 3.47 4.11 4.66 5.54 4.43 4.68 5.66 6.34 7.79 8.16 9.49 10.2 10.8 11.8

S cm 3 0.167 0.189 0.224 0.228 0.273 0.318 0.366 0.449 0.463 0.537 0.668 0.877 1.00 0.975 1.24 1.35 1.47 1.62 1.67 1.71 1.91 1.44 1.84 2.03 2.45 2.96 3.08 1.65 2.12 2.54 2.84 3.44 3.06 3.70 4.15 5.10 4.13 4.97 5.72 7.01 5.15 5.46 6.66 7.52 9.39 9.89 11.7 12.8 13.7 15.3

Torsional Constants J cm 4 0.138 0.157 0.187 0.205 0.247 0.349 0.403 0.498 0.600 0.699 0.876 1.21 1.39 1.66 2.12 2.33 2.53 2.80 2.88 2.97 3.33 2.93 3.77 4.16 5.07 6.15 6.42 3.58 4.62 5.58 6.24 7.62 7.90 9.60 10.8 13.3 11.3 13.6 15.8 19.4 17.4 18.5 22.6 25.6 32.1 33.9 40.4 44.1 47.5 53.2

C cm 3 0.205 0.229 0.263 0.278 0.324 0.397 0.453 0.543 0.584 0.671 0.819 1.06 1.19 1.24 1.54 1.68 1.80 1.97 2.02 2.07 2.27 1.84 2.32 2.54 3.03 3.58 3.71 2.11 2.68 3.18 3.52 4.18 3.90 4.67 5.20 6.28 5.23 6.21 7.07 8.48 6.65 7.03 8.51 9.55 11.8 12.3 14.4 15.6 16.6 18.2

Surface Area Per Metre m 2/m 0.0446 0.0439 0.0425 0.0479 0.0465 0.0606 0.0599 0.0585 0.0726 0.0719 0.0705 0.0731 0.0714 0.0959 0.0945 0.0938 0.0931 0.0921 0.0918 0.0914 0.0897 0.116 0.115 0.114 0.112 0.110 0.109 0.124 0.123 0.121 0.120 0.118 0.147 0.145 0.144 0.142 0.153 0.151 0.150 0.146 0.195 0.195 0.193 0.192 0.190 0.189 0.186 0.185 0.183 0.179



* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)


111


Square D

x

x

t y

Designation Size Thickness DxD mm 60x60

63.5x63.5

65x65

70x70

75x75

80x80


90x90

t mm 1.6 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 2.3 3.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 2.5 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0

* *

*

* * * * * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * * *

* * * *

Mass Per Metre kg/m 2.88 4.06 5.19 6.71 7.43 8.13 9.44 4.31 5.52 8.04 8.92 10.57 3.06 4.31 5.59 7.08 7.88 8.92 10.40 5.17 6.13 7.24 7.97 9.70 5.23 6.81 8.66 9.70 10.76 12.78 7.07 8.37 9.22 11.30 13.20 13.50 6.23 8.01 8.33 9.50 10.50 11.50 12.80 15.10

Area Of Section A cm 2 3.67 5.17 6.61 8.55 9.47 10.40 12.0 5.49 7.03 10.1 11.4 12.9 3.99 5.63 7.21 9.35 10.4 11.4 13.2 6.59 7.81 9.23 10.1 12.4 6.55 8.41 10.9 12.2 13.4 15.6 9.01 10.7 11.7 14.4 16.8 17.2 7.93 10.2 10.8 12.1 13.3 14.9 16.4 19.2

Second Moment Of Area I cm 4 20.7 28.3 35.1 43.6 47.2 50.5 56.1 33.9 42.1 57.0 66.1 68.2 26.5 36.4 45.4 56.6 61.6 66.1 73.9 49.4 57.5 66.5 72.1 84.6 57.1 71.6 90.2 98.6 106 120 88 102 111 131 149 149 101 127 135 149 162 178 193 220

Radius Of Gyration r cm 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.16 2.48 2.45 2.38 2.41 2.30 2.58 2.54 2.51 2.46 2.44 2.41 2.36 2.74 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.62 2.95 2.92 2.87 2.85 2.82 2.77 3.12 3.09 3.07 3.03 2.98 2.94 3.56 3.53 3.52 3.50 3.48 3.46 3.43 3.39

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Z cm 3 6.89 9.44 11.7 14.5 15.7 16.8 18.7 10.7 13.3 18.0 20.3 21.5 8.16 11.2 14.0 17.4 18.9 20.3 22.7 14.1 16.4 19.0 20.6 24.2 15.2 19.1 24.1 26.3 28.4 32.0 22.0 25.5 27.8 32.9 37.3 37.1 22.4 28.3 29.9 33.0 36.0 39.5 42.9 49.0

S cm 3 8.0 11.1 14.0 17.6 19.3 20.9 23.7 12.5 15.8 21.9 25.0 27.0 9.4 13.1 16.6 21.0 23.1 25.0 28.5 16.5 19.4 22.7 24.8 29.6 17.7 22.5 28.8 31.7 34.5 39.6 25.8 30.2 33.1 39.7 45.8 46.1 25.9 33.0 35.0 38.9 42.6 47.1 51.4 59.5

Torsional Constants J cm 4 32.4 45.2 57.1 72.6 79.8 86.4 98.4 53.8 68.2 95.7 112 119 41.4 57.9 73.3 93.7 103 112 128 78.5 92.4 108 119 142 90.0 115 147 163 177 205 140 165 180 218 252 261 158 201 214 238 261 289 316 368

C cm 3 10.4 14.2 17.7 22.0 23.9 25.6 28.6 16.0 20.0 27.2 30.9 32.8 12.2 16.9 21.0 26.3 28.7 30.9 34.7 21.2 24.7 28.7 31.1 36.7 22.9 28.7 36.3 39.7 42.9 48.7 33.0 38.4 41.8 49.7 56.6 57.9 33.6 42.5 44.9 49.6 54.2 59.6 64.7 74.2

Surface Area Per Metre m 2/m 0.235 0.232 0.230 0.226 0.225 0.223 0.219 0.246 0.244 0.239 0.243 0.233 0.255 0.252 0.250 0.246 0.245 0.243 0.239 0.271 0.270 0.268 0.266 0.263 0.292 0.290 0.286 0.285 0.283 0.279 0.310 0.308 0.306 0.303 0.299 0.293 0.352 0.350 0.349 0.348 0.346 0.345 0.343 0.339


112



Square D

x

x

t y

DxD mm 100x100

120x120

125x125

150x150

175x175

180x180

t mm 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.4 9.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 9.0 12.7 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5

* * *

*

* * * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * *

Mass Per Metre kg/m 6.95 8.96 9.60 11.70 13.30 14.40 17.00 17.50 21.40 24.10 25.60 14.20 17.50 20.70 21.40 26.40 8.75 11.30 12.00 16.90 18.70 22.10 23.20 31.38 13.70 18.00 20.50 22.30 26.40 27.40 33.90 38.20 41.30 47.10 21.20 23.70 26.20 31.10 45.30 62.50 27.00 32.10 33.30 41.50 50.70 58.50 60.50

Area Of Section A cm 2 8.85 11.4 12.1 14.9 16.7 18.4 21.6 22.2 27.2 30.0 32.6 18.1 22.4 26.4 27.3 33.6 11.2 14.4 15.3 21.2 23.4 27.6 29.0 39.0 17.4 22.9 25.7 28.4 33.6 34.8 43.2 48.0 52.6 60.1 26.9 30.2 33.4 39.6 57.0 75.5 34.4 40.8 42.4 52.8 64.6 74.5 77.0

Second Moment Of Area I cm 4 140 177 187 226 249 271 311 314 366 391 411 402 485 562 572 677 278 355 376 506 553 641 660 838 623 808 896 982 1146 1174 1412 1537 1650 1780 1303 1449 1591 1864 2546 3124 1737 2037 2096 2546 3017 3322 3406

Radius Of Gyration r cm 3.97 3.94 3.93 3.89 3.87 3.84 3.79 3.76 3.67 3.61 3.55 4.71 4.66 4.61 4.58 4.49 4.99 4.96 4.95 4.89 4.86 4.82 4.78 4.64 5.98 5.93 5.91 5.89 5.84 5.80 5.71 5.66 5.61 5.44 6.95 6.93 6.91 6.86 6.68 6.43 7.11 7.06 7.03 6.94 6.84 6.68 6.65

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Z cm 3 27.9 35.4 37.5 45.3 49.9 54.2 62.3 62.8 73.2 78.1 82.2 67.0 80.9 93.7 95.3 113 44.5 56.7 60.1 80.9 88.4 103 106 134 83.0 108 120 131 153 156 188 205 220 237 149 166 182 213 291 357 193 226 233 283 335 369 378

S cm 3 32.3 41.2 43.7 53.3 59.0 64.6 75.1 76.4 91.1 98.6 105.0 78.3 95.4 112 114 138 51.1 65.6 69.6 94.8 104 122 126 165 95.5 125 139 153 180 185 226 248 269 298 172 192 211 249 348 443 224 264 273 336 404 454 467

Torsional Constants J cm 4 217 279 296 362 402 441 514 536 645 700 750 637 778 913 955 1163 430 553 587 804 884 1038 1101 1454 965 1265 1411 1554 1833 1922 2364 2608 2840 3231 2028 2265 2498 2954 4246 5585 2724 3223 3383 4189 5074 5865 6050

C cm 3 41.9 53.2 56.3 68.1 75.1 81.7 94.1 97.0 114 123 130 101 122 141 146 175 66.8 85.1 90.2 122 133 154 162 208 125 162 180 197 230 239 289 316 341 380 224 249 273 320 446 568 290 340 354 432 515 584 600

Surface Area Per Metre m 2/m 0.392 0.390 0.389 0.386 0.385 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.366 0.361 0.357 0.466 0.463 0.459 0.453 0.446 0.492 0.490 0.489 0.485 0.483 0.479 0.473 0.461 0.590 0.586 0.585 0.583 0.579 0.573 0.566 0.561 0.557 0.538 0.686 0.685 0.683 0.679 0.661 0.635 0.703 0.699 0.693 0.686 0.677 0.658 0.656





113


Square D

x

x

t y

Designation Size Thickness DxD mm 200x200

203x203

250x250

254x254

300x300

350x350

400x400 COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS

t mm 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 4.5 6.4 9.5 12.7 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 6.4 9.5 12.7 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 9.0 12.0 16.0 9.0 12.0 16.0

*

* * * *

*

* * *

*

*

*

Mass Per Metre kg/m 30.10 35.80 37.20 46.50 52.30 57.00 66.00 68.30 28.10 38.40 56.00 72.60 45.20 47.10 59.10 66.50 72.70 84.80 88.00 48.50 71.20 92.90 54.70 71.60 80.60 88.40 104.00 108.00 138.00 94.70 124.00 163.00 109.00 143.00 188.00

Area Of Section A cm 2 38.4 45.6 47.4 59.2 66.0 72.6 84.1 87.0 35.2 48.9 70.4 89.7 57.6 60.0 75.2 84.0 92.6 108 112 62.0 89.8 116 69.6 91.2 102 113 132 137 171 120 156 203 138 180 235

Second Moment Of Area I cm 4 2410 2833 2922 3566 3918 4251 4730 4859 2295 3103 4288 5161 5672 5873 7229 7984 8707 9859 10160 6257 8781 10830 9964 12800 14180 15520 17770 18350 22080 22970 29050 36510 34790 44320 56150

Radius Of Gyration r cm 7.93 7.88 7.85 7.76 7.71 7.65 7.50 7.47 8.07 7.96 7.80 7.58 9.92 9.89 9.80 9.75 9.70 9.55 9.52 10.0 9.89 9.68 12.0 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.4 13.8 13.6 13.4 15.9 15.7 15.5

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Z cm 3 241 283 292 357 392 425 473 486 226 306 422 508 454 470 578 639 697 789 813 493 691 853 664 853 946 1035 1184 1223 1472 1312 1660 2086 1739 2216 2808

S cm 3 279 330 341 421 465 508 576 594 261 357 503 621 524 544 676 750 822 944 975 571 813 1023 764 991 1102 1211 1402 1451 1774 1522 1949 2488 2009 2587 3322

Torsional Constants J cm 4 3763 4459 4682 5815 6454 7072 8230 8502 3567 4973 7088 9030 8843 9290 11600 12910 14200 16690 17280 9898 14240 18420 15430 20310 22660 24970 29510 30600 37840 36370 47600 61480 54720 71840 93280

C cm 3 362 426 444 544 599 651 743 765 339 464 646 801 681 711 878 972 1062 1226 1266 746 1053 1328 997 1293 1434 1572 1829 1892 2299 1987 2552 3238 2630 3395 4336

Surface Area Per Metre m 2/m 0.783 0.779 0.773 0.766 0.761 0.757 0.738 0.736 0.797 0.785 0.771 0.747 0.979 0.973 0.966 0.961 0.957 0.938 0.936 0.989 0.975 0.951 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.56 1.54 1.52


114


COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y

Rectangular D

x

x t

DxB

t

mm 19x9

mm 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 1.6 2.3 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 1.6 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 1.6 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5

25x12

25x13 32x16

38x19

38x25

50x25

50x30

60x40

65x38

75x38

Area Of Section A

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* *

* * *

* * * * * * * *

kg/m 0.411 0.421 0.540 0.555 0.659 0.859 0.670 0.860 0.707 0.838 1.10 0.858 1.02 1.34 0.949 1.13 1.50 1.15 1.37 1.81 2.15 2.48 2.62 3.07 3.41 2.31 2.82 3.30 4.20 2.37 3.33 3.60 4.25 5.45 6.01 2.45 3.40 4.38 4.54 5.64 2.70 3.22 3.86 4.99 5.17 6.27 6.94

cm2 0.494 0.577 0.728 0.674 0.793 1.02 0.817 1.05 0.894 1.06 1.37 1.07 1.27 1.66 1.19 1.42 1.85 1.43 1.71 2.23 2.74 3.10 3.34 3.91 4.13 2.94 3.59 4.21 5.35 3.03 4.25 4.59 5.41 6.95 7.67 3.13 4.39 5.59 5.92 7.19 3.45 4.06 4.85 6.19 6.56 7.99 8.84


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm4 0.206 0.231 0.268 0.510 0.583 0.705 0.617 0.749 1.15 1.34 1.66 1.99 2.32 2.91 2.40 2.80 3.55 4.69 5.50 7.02 8.38 9.31 9.89 11.2 11.6 9.54 11.3 12.8 15.3 15.2 20.7 22.1 25.4 31.0 33.3 17.8 24.2 29.8 31.3 36.5 25.3 29.4 34.6 42.8 45.0 52.8 57.1

cm 0.645 0.633 0.607 0.869 0.857 0.833 0.869 0.845 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.81 1.80 1.77 1.75 1.73 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.80 1.77 1.75 1.69 2.24 2.20 2.19 2.17 2.11 2.08 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.30 2.25 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.63 2.62 2.57 2.54

cm 0.354 0.346 0.328 0.487 0.478 0.460 0.517 0.500 0.661 0.652 0.634 0.793 0.784 0.766 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.991 0.969 0.960 1.21 1.19 1.16 1.12 1.64 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.53 1.51 1.58 1.55 1.51 1.51 1.47 1.60 1.59 1.57 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.47

cm3 0.216 0.243 0.282 0.408 0.467 0.564 0.494 0.599 0.722 0.836 1.04 1.05 1.22 1.53 1.26 1.48 1.87 1.87 2.20 2.81 3.35 3.72 3.95 4.47 4.65 3.81 4.52 5.13 6.10 5.07 6.88 7.36 8.46 10.3 11.1 5.49 7.46 9.18 9.63 11.2 6.76 7.85 9.23 11.4 12.0 14.1 15.2

cm3 0.138 0.153 0.174 0.266 0.302 0.358 0.337 0.402 0.488 0.562 0.688 0.711 0.824 1.02 1.01 1.17 1.48 1.28 1.50 1.90 2.25 2.48 2.62 2.93 3.04 2.86 3.37 3.80 4.46 4.08 5.50 5.87 6.72 8.14 8.72 4.10 5.53 6.75 7.06 8.17 4.66 5.39 6.30 7.72 8.09 9.40 10.1

cm3 0.283 0.323 0.390 0.521 0.604 0.749 0.632 0.786 0.905 1.06 1.34 1.30 1.53 1.95 1.52 1.79 2.30 2.31 2.73 3.53 4.26 4.78 5.11 5.86 6.14 4.74 5.70 6.57 8.05 6.12 8.44 9.06 10.5 13.2 14.3 6.70 9.24 11.5 12.2 14.5 8.3 9.7 11.5 14.5 15.3 18.3 19.9

cm3 0.165 0.188 0.224 0.310 0.358 0.440 0.398 0.492 0.558 0.650 0.818 0.805 0.943 1.20 1.14 1.35 1.72 1.43 1.69 2.17 2.62 2.92 3.12 3.56 3.73 3.33 3.98 4.58 5.58 4.64 6.38 6.84 7.94 9.89 10.7 4.63 6.37 7.93 8.35 9.89 5.21 6.08 7.19 8.98 9.46 11.2 12.3

cm4 0.165 0.187 0.222 0.410 0.473 0.582 0.549 0.679 0.962 1.12 1.41 1.65 1.93 2.46 2.63 3.10 3.99 3.85 4.54 5.85 7.06 7.90 8.43 9.64 10.1 9.77 11.7 13.5 16.5 16.9 23.4 25.1 29.3 36.7 39.9 17.4 24.0 30.0 31.6 37.5 21.2 24.7 29.2 36.6 38.6 45.9 50.0

cm3 0.244 0.273 0.315 0.467 0.532 0.638 0.586 0.707 0.847 0.978 1.21 1.23 1.43 1.79 1.66 1.94 2.45 2.22 2.59 3.29 3.92 4.34 4.60 5.18 5.38 4.84 5.72 6.49 7.71 6.72 9.10 9.72 11.2 13.7 14.7 6.91 9.36 11.5 12.1 14.0 8.03 9.30 10.9 13.4 14.1 16.5 17.8

cm4 0.0621 0.0689 0.0783 0.160 0.181 0.215 0.219 0.262 0.391 0.449 0.550 0.676 0.783 0.973 1.26 1.47 1.85 1.60 1.88 2.37 2.81 3.10 3.28 3.67 3.80 4.29 5.05 5.70 6.69 8.16 11.0 11.7 13.4 16.3 17.4 7.79 10.5 12.8 13.4 15.5 8.85 10.2 12.0 14.7 15.4 17.9 19.2

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


m2/m 0.0526 0.0519 0.0505 0.0706 0.0699 0.0685 0.0719 0.0705 0.0926 0.0919 0.0905 0.111 0.110 0.109 0.123 0.122 0.121 0.147 0.146 0.145 0.143 0.142 0.141 0.140 0.139 0.153 0.151 0.150 0.146 0.195 0.192 0.191 0.190 0.186 0.185 0.201 0.198 0.196 0.195 0.192 0.221 0.219 0.218 0.216 0.215 0.212 0.211


Mass Per Metre




115


Rectangular D

x

x t

Mass Per Metre


DxB

t

mm 75x50

mm 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0

80x40 90x50

100x50

100x60


100x75

120x60

120x80

Area Of Section A

* * * * * * * * * *

*

* * * *

*

* * * * * * * * * *

kg/m 3.60 4.31 5.59 5.80 7.08 7.88 8.04 8.33 8.53 9.92 5.19 6.71 6.13 7.24 7.97 9.70 4.36 5.23 6.60 7.07 8.59 9.70 10.50 12.30 12.50 7.07 8.37 9.22 11.30 13.20 13.50 6.04 8.02 8.33 10.20 11.50 11.70 12.10 12.80 15.10 8.01 9.50 10.50 12.80 15.10 15.50 11.70 14.40 17.00 17.50 21.40

cm2 4.51 5.40 6.91 7.33 8.95 9.92 10.1 10.5 10.9 12.6 6.61 8.55 7.81 9.23 10.1 12.4 5.46 6.55 8.41 8.93 10.9 12.2 13.4 15.6 15.9 9.01 10.7 11.7 14.4 16.8 17.2 7.70 9.91 10.5 12.9 14.4 14.7 15.3 15.9 18.6 10.2 12.1 13.3 16.4 19.2 19.7 14.9 18.4 21.6 22.2 27.2


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm4 35.5 41.9 52.2 54.9 65.0 70.6 71.6 73.7 75.6 84.4 52.3 64.8 81.9 94.7 103 121 71.6 84.8 106 112 134 147 158 179 176 121 140 153 181 205 203 112 142 150 180 198 201 208 215 245 189 221 241 287 328 327 295 353 406 408 476

cm 2.81 2.79 2.75 2.74 2.69 2.67 2.66 2.65 2.64 2.58 2.81 2.75 3.24 3.20 3.18 3.12 3.62 3.60 3.56 3.55 3.50 3.47 3.44 3.38 3.32 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.55 3.49 3.44 3.82 3.78 3.77 3.73 3.71 3.70 3.69 3.68 3.63 4.30 4.27 4.25 4.19 4.13 4.07 4.44 4.39 4.33 4.28 4.18

cm 2.05 2.04 2.00 2.00 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.87 1.63 1.59 2.05 2.02 2.00 1.96 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.94 1.91 2.46 2.44 2.42 2.37 2.33 2.30 3.06 3.03 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.96 2.95 2.94 2.89 2.51 2.48 2.47 2.42 2.38 2.35 3.24 3.20 3.15 3.12 3.04

cm3 9.48 11.2 13.9 14.6 17.3 18.8 19.1 19.6 20.2 22.5 13.1 16.2 18.2 21.1 22.8 26.8 14.3 17.0 21.3 22.5 26.8 29.3 31.6 35.8 35.1 24.1 28.0 30.5 36.2 41.1 40.7 22.5 28.4 30.0 36.0 39.6 40.3 41.6 42.9 49.0 31.5 36.8 40.1 47.8 54.7 54.5 49.1 58.9 67.7 68.1 79.3

cm3 7.62 8.96 11.1 11.7 13.7 14.9 15.1 15.5 15.9 17.6 8.78 10.7 13.1 15.1 16.3 18.9 9.82 11.6 14.4 15.2 18.0 19.5 21.0 23.5 23.3 18.2 21.1 22.9 26.9 30.4 30.3 19.3 24.3 25.6 30.8 33.7 34.3 35.4 36.5 41.6 21.5 24.9 27.1 32.0 36.3 36.4 39.3 46.9 53.8 54.3 62.9

cm3 11.4 13.6 17.1 18.0 21.7 23.8 24.2 24.9 25.7 29.2 16.5 20.9 22.6 26.4 28.8 34.4 17.6 21.0 26.7 28.2 34.1 37.6 40.8 46.9 46.9 29.6 34.7 37.9 45.6 52.5 52.8 26.6 33.9 35.9 43.7 48.3 49.2 51.0 52.7 61.0 39.2 46.1 50.5 60.9 70.6 71.2 59.8 72.4 84.3 85.6 102.0

cm3 8.65 10.3 12.9 13.6 16.3 17.9 18.2 18.8 19.3 21.9 10.2 12.8 15.0 17.5 19.1 22.7 10.9 13.0 16.4 17.4 20.9 23.0 25.0 28.5 28.6 20.8 24.3 26.6 31.9 36.6 36.9 21.9 27.9 29.5 35.9 39.6 40.3 41.8 43.2 49.9 24.2 28.4 31.1 37.4 43.1 43.7 45.2 54.7 63.5 64.7 76.9

cm4 39.5 46.9 59.3 62.6 75.3 82.7 84.1 86.8 89.5 102 43.9 55.2 76.7 89.6 97.7 116 58.7 69.9 88.6 93.7 113 124 135 154 158 122 143 156 188 216 223 138 177 187 228 253 257 267 276 320 156 184 201 242 280 289 331 402 469 488 584

cm3 12.5 14.8 18.4 19.3 22.9 24.9 25.2 26.0 26.7 29.8 15.3 18.8 22.4 25.8 28.0 32.7 16.9 20.0 25.0 26.4 31.3 34.2 36.8 41.4 42.1 30.6 35.6 38.7 45.8 51.9 53.0 31.0 39.1 41.3 49.7 54.6 55.5 57.4 59.2 67.7 37.1 43.2 47.0 55.8 63.6 65.1 64.9 77.8 89.4 92.1 108.0

cm4 19.1 22.4 27.8 29.2 34.3 37.2 37.7 38.8 39.7 44.1 17.6 21.5 32.7 37.7 40.7 47.4 24.5 29.0 36.1 38.0 44.9 48.9 52.5 58.7 58.2 54.6 63.3 68.7 80.8 91.2 90.9 72.3 91.1 96.2 115 127 129 133 137 156 64.4 74.8 81.2 96.0 109 109 157 188 215 217 252

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


m2/m 0.243 0.242 0.240 0.239 0.236 0.235 0.234 0.234 0.233 0.229 0.230 0.226 0.270 0.268 0.266 0.263 0.293 0.292 0.290 0.289 0.286 0.285 0.283 0.279 0.273 0.310 0.308 0.306 0.303 0.299 0.293 0.342 0.340 0.339 0.336 0.335 0.334 0.334 0.333 0.329 0.350 0.348 0.346 0.343 0.339 0.333 0.386 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.366


116



Rectangular D

x

x t

DxB

t

mm 125x50

mm 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.4 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.4 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.4 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.4 9.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.3 6.4 8.0 9.0 9.5 12.7

125x75

150x50

150x75

150x100

Area Of Section A

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * *

kg/m 6.04 8.02 8.33 10.20 11.50 11.70 12.10 12.80 15.10 15.60 6.95 9.23 9.60 11.80 13.30 14.70 17.20 18.20 9.23 9.60 11.80 13.30 13.50 14.00 14.70 17.30 18.20 10.10 10.90 13.40 15.10 15.30 14.00 16.70 19.70 20.70 27.60 11.58 12.00 14.90 16.90 17.10 17.80 18.30 21.70 22.40 23.20 27.70 31.40 33.30 42.30

cm2 7.70 9.91 10.5 12.9 14.4 14.7 15.3 15.9 18.6 19.4 8.85 11.4 12.1 14.9 16.7 18.4 21.6 22.6 11.4 12.1 14.9 16.7 17.0 17.7 18.4 21.6 22.6 12.9 13.7 16.9 18.9 19.3 20.1 20.9 24.6 25.8 34.5 14.4 15.3 18.9 21.2 21.6 22.5 23.4 27.6 28.5 29.0 35.2 39.0 40.8 50.1


Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm4 148 187 198 238 261 265 274 282 322 322 192 243 257 311 342 373 428 435 299 316 381 420 427 442 456 523 528 380 402 488 539 549 568 588 679 693 865 461 488 595 658 670 695 719 835 848 858 1008 1089 1127 1232

cm 4.39 4.34 4.33 4.28 4.25 4.25 4.23 4.22 4.16 4.08 4.65 4.61 4.60 4.56 4.53 4.50 4.45 4.39 5.12 5.10 5.05 5.02 5.01 5.00 4.99 4.92 4.84 5.42 5.41 5.37 5.34 5.33 5.32 5.31 5.25 5.19 5.01 5.65 5.64 5.60 5.58 5.57 5.56 5.55 5.50 5.45 5.44 5.35 5.29 5.26 4.96

cm 2.15 2.12 2.11 2.07 2.05 2.04 2.04 2.03 1.98 1.95 3.14 3.11 3.10 3.07 3.04 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.15 2.14 2.10 2.08 2.08 2.07 2.06 2.02 1.99 3.17 3.16 3.13 3.11 3.10 3.09 3.08 3.04 3.01 2.89 4.15 4.14 4.10 4.08 4.07 4.06 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.98 3.90 3.85 3.82 3.61

cm3 23.7 29.9 31.6 38.0 41.7 42.4 43.8 45.2 51.5 51.6 30.6 38.9 41.1 49.7 54.8 59.6 68.5 69.6 39.8 42.1 50.9 56.0 57.0 58.9 60.8 69.8 70.4 50.6 53.6 65.1 71.9 73.2 75.8 78.4 90.5 92.4 115 61.4 65.1 79.3 87.7 89.4 92.7 95.9 111 113 114 134 145 150 164

cm3 14.2 17.7 18.7 22.2 24.2 24.6 25.3 26.1 29.3 29.6 23.3 29.5 31.1 37.5 41.2 44.7 51.1 52.2 21.1 22.2 26.5 28.9 29.4 30.3 31.1 35.2 35.7 34.7 36.6 44.2 48.7 49.5 51.2 52.9 60.7 62.2 76.6 49.5 52.5 63.7 70.4 71.7 74.3 76.8 88.8 90.5 91.6 107 115 119 131

cm3 29.9 38.1 40.4 49.0 54.2 55.2 57.2 59.1 68.3 69.6 37.0 47.3 50.1 61.1 67.7 74.1 86.2 88.5 51.4 54.5 66.5 73.6 75.0 77.8 80.5 93.5 95.7 62.5 66.3 81.1 90.0 91.7 95.2 98.6 115 119 153 73.5 78.0 95.7 106 108 113 117 137 140 142 169 185 192 221

cm3 15.7 20.0 21.1 25.5 28.1 28.6 29.6 30.6 35.1 35.9 26.1 33.3 35.3 43.0 47.5 52.0 60.3 62.1 23.5 24.9 30.1 33.2 33.8 35.0 36.2 41.7 42.9 38.7 41.0 50.1 55.5 56.5 58.6 60.7 70.6 73.1 93.6 55.8 59.2 72.5 80.5 82.1 85.2 88.3 103 106 107 128 140 145 167

cm4 93.9 119 126 152 167 170 176 182 209 217 190 243 258 315 349 382 444 467 150 159 192 212 215 223 230 264 275 312 331 404 448 457 474 491 572 603 775 507 539 662 736 751 780 809 948 992 1005 1206 1320 1374 1619

cm3 25.3 31.6 33.4 39.8 43.5 44.2 45.6 47.0 53.1 54.7 39.1 49.5 52.3 63.1 69.5 75.6 86.7 90.3 38.3 40.4 48.3 52.9 53.7 55.4 57.1 64.8 66.9 59.8 63.3 76.6 84.4 85.9 88.9 91.9 105.8 110.4 138.1 81.4 86.2 105 116 118 123 127 147 152 154 182 197 204 234

cm4 35.5 44.4 46.7 55.6 60.6 61.5 63.4 65.2 73.3 74.0 87.5 111 117 141 155 168 192 196 52.6 55.5 66.2 72.2 73.4 75.7 77.9 87.9 89.3 130 137 166 183 186 192 198 228 233 287 248 262 319 352 358 371 384 444 453 458 536 577 597 655

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants


m2/m 0.342 0.340 0.339 0.336 0.335 0.334 0.334 0.333 0.329 0.323 0.392 0.390 0.389 0.386 0.385 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.390 0.389 0.386 0.385 0.384 0.384 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.440 0.439 0.436 0.435 0.434 0.434 0.433 0.429 0.423 0.411 0.490 0.489 0.486 0.485 0.484 0.484 0.483 0.479 0.473 0.473 0.466 0.461 0.459 0.435


Mass Per Metre




117


Rectangular D

x

x t

Mass Per Metre


DxB

t

mm 160x80

mm 5.0 6.0 8.0 4.8 6.4 9.5 12.7 4.8 6.4 9.5 12.7 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 9.5 12.0 12.7 4.5 6.0 6.3 9.0 9.5 12.0 12.7 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 6.0 6.3 10.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5

175x100

175x125

200x100

200x150

250x150


300x100

300x200

400x200

Area Of Section A

* * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * *

*

*

* * * *

kg/m 17.50 20.70 26.40 19.70 25.70 37.10 47.30 21.60 28.30 40.90 52.40 18.00 20.50 22.30 26.40 27.40 33.90 40.52 40.90 49.10 52.40 25.40 31.10 33.30 45.30 48.40 58.50 62.50 30.10 35.80 37.20 46.50 52.30 57.00 66.00 68.30 35.8 37.2 57.0 45.20 47.10 59.10 66.50 72.70 84.80 88.00 54.70 71.60 80.60 88.40 104.00 108.00

cm2 22.4 26.4 33.6 24.9 32.2 45.5 56.5 27.3 35.4 50.3 62.8 22.9 25.7 28.4 33.6 34.8 43.2 48.0 50.3 60.1 62.8 30.2 39.6 41.1 57.0 59.8 72.1 75.5 38.4 45.6 47.4 59.2 66.0 72.6 84.1 87.0 45.6 47.4 72.6 57.6 60.0 75.2 84.0 92.6 108 112 69.6 91.2 102 113 132 137

Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm4 722 836 1001 1013 1260 1673 1867 1187 1487 1999 2286 1200 1331 1459 1703 1739 2091 2276 2362 2607 2679 1761 2268 2330 3097 3225 3668 3794 3304 3886 4001 4886 5369 5825 6458 6633 4777 4907 7106 7370 7624 9389 10370 11310 12790 13180 14790 18970 21020 23000 26250 27100

cm4 244 281 335 426 528 694 777 708 886 1184 1356 411 455 497 577 591 705 764 792 876 898 1135 1457 1499 1985 2066 2353 2432 1508 1768 1825 2219 2433 2634 2925 3002 842 868 1224 3962 4104 5042 5561 6058 6854 7060 5092 6517 7204 7864 8977 9260

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

Torsional Constants

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

J

C

cm 5.68 5.62 5.46 6.38 6.26 6.06 5.75 6.60 6.49 6.30 6.03 7.23 7.20 7.17 7.12 7.06 6.95 6.89 6.85 6.59 6.53 7.64 7.56 7.53 7.37 7.34 7.14 7.09 9.28 9.23 9.18 9.08 9.02 8.96 8.77 8.73 10 10 10 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.1 10.9 10.8 14.6 14.4 14.4 14.3 14.1 14.1

cm 3.30 3.26 3.16 4.14 4.05 3.90 3.71 5.09 5.01 4.85 4.65 4.23 4.21 4.19 4.14 4.12 4.04 3.99 3.97 3.82 3.78 6.13 6.06 6.04 5.90 5.88 5.71 5.67 6.27 6.23 6.20 6.12 6.07 6.02 5.90 5.87 4.30 4.28 4.11 8.29 8.27 8.19 8.14 8.09 7.96 7.94 8.55 8.45 8.40 8.36 8.24 8.22

cm3 90.2 105 125 116 144 191 213 136 170 228 261 120 133 146 170 174 209 228 236 261 268 176 227 233 310 322 367 379 264 311 320 391 430 466 517 531 318 327 474 491 508 626 691 754 853 879 739 949 1051 1150 1312 1355

cm3 61.0 70.2 83.7 85.2 106 139 155 113 142 189 217 82.2 90.9 99.4 115 118 141 153 158 175 180 151 194 200 265 275 314 324 201 236 243 296 324 351 390 400 168 174 245 396 410 504 556 606 685 706 509 652 720 786 898 926

cm3 113 132 163 142 180 246 288 163 207 285 340 148 165 181 213 219 267 293 306 350 363 209 271 280 379 396 463 482 320 378 391 482 533 582 658 678 411 425 631 588 610 757 840 921 1056 1091 906 1173 1305 1434 1656 1714

cm3 69.7 81.3 100 96.7 122 166 195 129 164 226 270 91.7 102 112 132 135 165 180 188 215 223 172 223 230 312 326 380 396 225 266 276 340 375 409 463 477 188 194 285 446 463 574 637 698 801 828 562 728 809 888 1027 1062

cm4 601 702 882 969 1251 1719 2052 1410 1832 2554 3129 985 1097 1206 1417 1483 1811 1988 2073 2414 2496 2169 2826 2965 4055 4244 5099 5316 3285 3886 4078 5050 5596 6121 7088 7315 2403 2515 3681 8115 8524 10630 11820 12990 15240 15770 12070 15820 17620 19370 22780 23590

cm3 106 122 150 144 182 243 283 184 234 317 377 142 157 172 200 208 250 272 282 322 331 243 313 325 435 454 532 552 337 396 412 504 554 602 684 704 306 318 455 651 680 838 927 1012 1167 1204 877 1133 1255 1373 1591 1644


m2/m 0.463 0.459 0.446 0.534 0.523 0.509 0.485 0.584 0.573 0.559 0.535 0.586 0.585 0.583 0.579 0.573 0.566 0.561 0.559 0.538 0.535 0.685 0.679 0.673 0.661 0.659 0.638 0.635 0.783 0.779 0.773 0.766 0.761 0.757 0.738 0.736 0.779 0.773 0.757 0.979 0.973 0.966 0.961 0.957 0.938 0.936 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.14


118


CHANNELS

116

Channels

Rolling tolerances – EN 10279 : 2000 This European standard specifies requirements for the tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass on hot rolled steel channels with parallel flanges.

Designation

Property Height h Flange width b Web thickness s Flange thickness t Heel radius

Range

Tolerance

mm h 65 65< h 200 200< h 400 400 < h

mm ± 1.5 ± 2.0 ± 3.0 ± 4.0

b 50 50 < b 100 100 < b 125 125 < b

± 1.5 ± 2.0 ± 2.5 ± 3.0

s 10 10 s 15 15 s

± 0.5 ± 0.7 ± 1.0

t 10 10 t 15 15 t

Tolerance limited by weight

-0.5 -1 -1.5

r3 Out of squareness

All Sizes

< 0.3 * t

b 100

2

K + K’

100 < b

2% of b

Web flatness

h 100

± 0.5

f

100< h 200

± 1.0

200< h 400

± 1.5

400 < h

± 1.5

h 150 150< h 300 300 < h h 150 150< h 300 300 < h h 125 125 < h

0.30% L 0.20% L 0.15% L 0.50% L 0.30% L 0.20% L ± 6.0% ± 4.0%

(x direction)

Straightness (y direction) Mass per unit length Standard Alternative Standard (by agreement)

kg/m Length

L

All

100

0

All

50

-50


CHANNELS

Straightness

119

CHANNELS y

Tapered Flange

r2

T r1

D

x

x cy

t B

Metric Designation Size

Thickness

Root

Toe

Radius

Area

Centre

Second

Radius

Elastic

Of Section

Of Gravity

Moment Of Area

Of Gyration

Modulus

Mass Per Metre

Web

t

T

r1

r2

A

Cy

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

mm

kg/m

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm2

cm

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm4

50x25x5

3.86

5.0

6.0

6

3

4.92

0.81

16.8

2.49

1.85

0.71

6.73

1.48

75x40x5

6.92

5.0

7.0

8

4

8.82

1.27

75.9

12.4

2.93

1.19

20.2

4.54

100x50x5

9.36

5.0

7.5

8

4

11.9

1.55

189

26.9

3.99

1.50

37.8

7.82

125x65x6

13.40

6.0

8.0

8

4

17.1

1.94

425

65.5

4.99

1.96

68.0

14.4

150x75x6.5

18.60

6.5

10.0

10

5

23.7

2.31

864

122

6.04

2.27

115

23.6

150x75x9

24.00

9.0

12.5

15

7.5

30.5

2.31

1060

151

5.90

2.22

141

29.1

180x75x7

21.40

7.0

10.5

11

5.5

27.2

2.15

1380

137

7.12

2.24

154

25.5

200x80x7.5

24.60

7.5

11.0

12

6

31.3

2.24

1950

177

7.89

2.38

195

30.8

200x90x8

30.30

8.0

13.5

14

7

38.7

2.77

2490

286

8.02

2.72

249

45.9

230x80x8

28.40

8.0

12.0

13

6.5

36.1

2.15

2900

200

8.96

2.35

252

34.2

250x90x9

34.60

9.0

13.0

14

7

44.1

2.42

4180

306

9.74

2.63

335

46.5

250x90x11

40.20

11.0

14.5

17

8.5

51.2

2.39

4690

342

9.47

2.58

375

51.7

300x90x9

38.10

9.0

12.0

14

7

48.6

2.23

6440

325

11.5

2.59

429

48.0

300x90x10

43.80

10.0

15.5

19

9.5

55.7

2.33

7400

373

11.5

2.59

494

56.0

300x90x12

48.60

12.0

16.0

19

9.5

61.9

2.28

7870

379

11.3

2.48

525

56.4

380x100x10.5

54.50

10.5

16.0

18

9

69.4

2.41

14500

557

14.5

2.83

762

73.3

380x100x13

62.00

13.0

16.5

18

9

79.0

2.29

15600

584

14.1

2.72

822

75.8

380x100x13

67.30

13.0

20.0

24

12

85.7

2.25

17600

655

14.3

2.76

926

87.8

DxBxt

Flange

y

Note : The flange thickness is measured at the centre of the flange

CHANNELS

120


CHANNELS y

Tapered Flange T

D x

x

t

Cy

B

Imperial Designation Size

Mass Per Metre

Depth Width Thickness Area Of Of Web Flange Of Section Section Section

Centre Of Gravity

Second moment Of Area

y

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

A

Cy

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

kg/m

B mm

T

lb/ft

D mm

t

in x in

mm

mm

cm2

cm

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

3x11/2

4.5

6.7

76.2

38.1

5.1

6.8

8.62

1.12

75.1

10.1

2.95

1.08

19.71

3.78

23.7

7.5

4x2

7

10.42

101.6

50.8

6.1

7.6

13.16

1.41

206

27.7

3.95

1.48

40.51

7.64

48.7

14.9

5x21/2

10

14.90

127.0

63.5

6.4

9.2

18.79

1.82

477

64.7

5.04

1.88

75.1

14.5

89.1

27.7

6x3

12

17.88

152.4

76.2

6.4

9.0

22.48

2.04

838

109

6.11

2.24

110

20

129

38.3

6x31/2

16

23.84

152.4

88.9

7.1

11.6

30.02

2.67

1154

210

6.20

2.66

151.4

34.5

177

63.7

7x3

14

20.84

177.8

76.2

6.6

10.3

26.39

2.05

1329

129

7.10

2.25

149.5

23.6

176

45.3

(British Channels)

CHANNELS

Note : The flange thickness is measured at the centre of the flange


121

CHANNELS y

Tapered Flange T

D x

x

t B

Imperial Designation Size

Mass Per Metre

Depth Width Thickness Area Of Of Web Flange Of Section Section Section

Centre Of Gravity


y

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

A

Cy

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

kg/m

B mm

T

lb/ft

D mm

t

in x in

mm

mm

cm2

cm

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

3x13/8

4.1

6.1

76.2

35.0

4.3

6.9

7.81

1.06

69.11

8.0

2.98

1.01

18.14

3.27

21.7

6.4

3x11/2

5

7.4

76.2

37.0

6.6

6.9

9.48

1.06

76.58

9.6

2.85

1.01

20.1

3.65

24.9

7.36

3x15/8

6

8.90

76.2

40.0

9

6.9

11.30

1.13

86.37

12.1

2.76

1.03

22.67

4.2

28.7

8.8

4x15/8

5.4

8.00

101.6

40.0

4.7

7.5

10.30

1.15

160.3

13.8

3.97

1.16

31.56

4.89

37.8

9.4

4x13/4

7.2

10.80

101.6

43.0

8.2

7.5

13.70

1.13

190.8

17.4

3.72

1.12

37.56

5.48

47

11.3

5x13/4

6.7

10.40

127.0

47.0

4.8

8.1

12.70

1.29

332.4

24.3

5.01

1.36

52.34

7.19

61.8

14.1

5x17/8

9

13.00

127.0

48.0

8.3

8.1

17.00

1.21

371.3

27.4

4.66

1.27

58.47

7.65

73.1

15.3

6x17/8

8.2

12.20

152.4

48.0

5.1

8.7

15.50

1.26

548.4

29.2

5.94

1.37

72

8.3

85.6

16.1

6x2

10.5

15.60

152.4

51.0

8

8.7

19.90

1.24

630

36

5.63

1.35

82.68

9.36

103

18.7

6X21/8

13

19.30

152.4

54.0

11.1

8.7

24.70

1.28

720.8

42.4

5.41

1.31

94.59

10.3

121

22.1

7x21/8

9.8

14.60

177.8

53.0

5.3

9.3

18.50

1.36

895.5

42.7

6.94

1.52

100.7

10.9

120

21.1

7x21/4

12.25

18.20

177.8

55.0

8

9.3

23.20

1.31

1007

49.2

6.59

1.46

113.3

11.8

140

23.4

7x21/4

14.75

22.00

177.8

58.0

10.6

9.3

27.90

1.33

1143

56.8

6.39

1.42

128.6

12.7

163

27

8x21/4

11.5

17.10

203.0

57.0

5.6

9.9

21.80

1.44

1340

53.8

7.86

1.57

132

12.6

156

27.6

8x23/8

13.7

20.50

203.0

59.0

7.7

9.9

26.10

1.39

1490

62

7.57

1.54

147

13.7

177

30

8x21/2

18.5

27.90

203.0

64.0

12.4

9.9

35.50

1.43

1820

81.7

7.15

1.51

179

16.4

226

35.9

9x23/8

13.4

19.90

228.6

61.0

5.9

10.5

25.40

1.50

1991

76.1

8.86

1.73

174.2

16.7

208

31.9

9x21/2

15

22.00

228.6

63.0

7.2

10.5

28.10

1.49

2132

85.3

8.66

1.73

186.5

17.8

226

34.3

9x25/8

20

30.00

228.6

67.0

11.4

10.5

37.90

1.47

2544

103

8.19

1.65

222.5

19.8

282

41

10x25/8

15.3

22.80

254.0

65.0

6.1

11.1

29.00

1.58

2770

91.2

9.81

1.78

218

18.5

257

40.3

10x23/4

20

30.00

254.0

69.0

9.6

11.1

37.90

1.53

3260

114

9.29

1.74

257

21.2

315

46.5

10x27/8

25

37.00

254.0

73.0

13.4

11.1

47.40

1.56

3790

138

8.93

1.70

298

24

377

52.6

10x3

30

45.00

254.0

76.0

17.1

11.1

56.90

1.63

4270

158

8.68

1.67

336

26.5

434

57.4

12x3

20.7

30.80

305.0

74.0

7.2

12.7

39.30

1.74

5340

157

11.70

2.00

350

27.7

415

60.2

12x3

25

37.00

305.0

77.0

9.8

12.7

47.40

1.70

5970

183

11.20

1.97

391

30.5

477

66

12x31/8

30

45.00

305.0

80.0

13

12.7

56.90

1.70

6720

209

10.90

1.92

441

33.2

551

72.1

15x33/8

33.9

50.40

381.0

86.0

10.2

16.5

64.30

1.99

13100

334

14.30

2.28

688

50.5

825

107

15x31/2

40

60.00

381.0

89.0

13.2

16.5

76.10

1.97

14400

379

13.80

2.24

756

54.7

934

115

15x33/4

50

74.00

381.0

94.0

18.2

16.5

94.80

2.02

16700

454

13.30

2.19

877

61.5

1120

130

CHANNELS

(American Standard Channels)

122

Cy


CHANNELS y

Tapered Flange T

D x

x

t

Cy

B

Designation Size

Mass Per Metre

Depth Width Area Thickness Of Of Web Flange Of Section Section Section

Centre Of Gravity


y

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

A

Cy

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

kg/m

B mm

T

lb/ft

D mm

t

in x in

mm

mm

cm2

cm

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm3

cm3

cm3

cm3

6x21/2

12

17.90

152.0

63.0

7.9

9.5

22.80

1.63

773

69.8

5.83

1.75

101.7

15.1

123

29.6

6x3

15.1

22.50

152.0

74.0

8

12.1

28.60

2.18

1033

134

6.01

2.16

135.9

25.8

162

49.7

6x31/2

15.3

22.80

152.0

88.0

8.6

9.8

29.00

2.31

1050

178

6.01

2.48

138.2

27.9

164

55.2

6x3

16.3

24.30

152.0

76.0

9.5

12.1

30.90

2.17

1081

147

5.91

2.17

142.2

27.2

171

53.3

6x31/2

18

26.80

152.0

88.0

9.6

12.1

34.10

2.53

1223

219

5.99

2.54

160.9

35.4

192

68.7

7x31/2

19.1

28.40

178.0

87.0

8.9

127.0

36.20

2.46

1797

230

7.05

2.52

201.9

37.4

239

72.2

7x35/8

22.7

33.80

178.0

91.0

12.8

12.7

43.00

2.42

1973

271

6.77

2.51

221.7

40.8

271

80.9

8x17/8

8.5

12.60

203.0

47.0

4.5

7.9

16.10

1.07

971.2

27.1

7.77

1.30

95.69

7.53

115

14.5

8x3

18.7

27.80

203.0

75.0

9

12.7

35.50

1.99

2171

160

7.83

2.13

213.9

29.3

258

56.8

8x3

20

29.80

203.0

76.0

10.2

12.7

37.90

1.97

2261

167

7.72

2.10

222.7

29.8

271

58.7

8x31/2

21.4

31.80

203.0

87.0

9.5

13.3

40.50

2.36

2555

251

7.94

2.49

251.7

40

300

78

8x31/2

22.8

33.90

203.0

88.0

10.8

13.3

43.2

2.33

2645

262

7.83

2.46

260.6

40.7

314

80.3

9x31/2

23.9

35.60

229.0

87.0

10.2

14.0

45.30

2.29

3547

275

8.84

2.46

309.8

43.2

373

83.8

9x31/2

25.4

37.80

229.0

88.0

11.4

14.0

48.20

2.26

3670

286

8.73

2.44

320.5

43.9

389

86.3

10x11/2

8.4

12.50

254.0

38.0

4.3

7.1

15.90

0.71

1354

14.1

9.20

0.94

106.6

4.59

132

9.14

10x33/8

22

33.00

254.0

84.0

7.4

14.6

41.60

2.30

4310

255

10.13

2.46

339.4

42.2

397

81.3

10x33/8

25

37.00

254.0

86.0

9.7

14.0

47.40

2.25

4543

285

9.81

2.46

357.7

45.3

430

86.5

10x4

28.5

42.40

254.0

100.0

10.8 .614.6

54.00

2.58

5257

433

9.87

2.83

414

59

496

114

10x41/8

33.6

50.00

254.0

104.0

145

14.6

63.70

2.55

5750

498

9.52

2.80

452.8

63.8

558

126

10x43/8

41.1

61.20

254.0

110.0

20.2

14.6

78.10

2.59

6550

582

9.17

2.73

515.8

69.2

654

146

12x11/2

10.6

15.80

305.0

38.0

4.8

7.8

20.00

0.69

2338

15.9

10.78

0.89

153.3

5.08

196

10.8

12X35/8

31

46.00

305.0

93.0

9.4

17.8

58.90

2.61

8292

436

12.00

2.74

543.7

65

661

129

12x33/4

35

52.00

305.0

96.0

11.8

17.8

66.20

2.55

8998

487

11.67

2.71

590.1

68.7

726

138

12x37/8

40

60.00

305.0

98.0

15

17.8

76.10

2.48

9732

526

11.33

2.63

638.2

71.5

798

146

12x4

45

67.00

305.0

102.0

18

17.8

85.02

2.53

10510

597

11.10

2.65

689

77.5

873

161

12x41/8

50

74.00

305.0

105.0

21.2

17.8

94.80

2.59

11140

664

10.87

2.65

730.7

83.5

939

175

13x4

31.8

47.30

330.0

102.0

9.5

15.5

60.30

2.58

9986

500

12.87

2.88

605.2

65.1

739

136

13x41/8

35

52.00

330.0

103.0

11.4

15.5

66.40

2.50

10500

526

12.58

2.82

636.1

67

786

140

13x41/8

40

60.00

330.0

106.0

14.2

15.5

76.01

2.45

11470

576

12.27

2.75

694.9

70.2

870

150

13x43/8

50

74.00

330.0

112.0

20

15.5

94.80

2.52

12990

708

11.74

2.74

787.4

81

1016

175

18x4

42.7

63.50

457.0

100.0

11.4

15.9

81.30

2.11

23040

535

16.88

2.57

1008

67.4

1263

141

18x4

45.8

68.20

457.0

102.0

12.7

15.9

87.10

2.12

24010

576

16.64

2.58

1051

70.9

1330

149

18x41/8

51.9

77.20

457.0

104.0

15.2

15.9

98.70

2.10

26090

611

16.29

2.49

1142

73.2

1463

159

18x41/8

58

86.00

457.0

107.0

17.8

15.9

110.00

2.14

27850

682

16.00

2.50

1219

79.3

1587

173

CHANNELS

Imperial

(American Standard Channels)


123

CHANNELS y

Parallel Flange

T r1 D

x

x cy t B

Designation Size Mass Per DxB Metre 100x50 125x65 150x75 150x90 180x75 180x90 200x75 200x90 230x75 230x90 250x90 260x75 260x90 300x90 300x100 380x100 430x100

kg/m 10.2 14.8 17.9 23.9 20.3 26.1 23.4 29.7 25.7 32.2 35.5 27.6 34.8 41.4 45.5 54.0 64.4

Designation Size Mass Per DxB Metre 100x50 125x65 150x75 150x90 180x75 180x90 200x75 200x90 230x75 230x90 250x90 260x75 260x90 300x90 300x100 380x100 430x100

kg/m 10.2 14.8 17.9 23.9 20.3 26.1 23.4 29.7 25.7 32.2 35.5 27.6 34.8 41.4 45.5 54.0 64.4

Thickness Root Depth Area Of Web Flange Radius Between Section Fillets t T r1 d A mm 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.5 11.0

mm 8.5 9.5 10.0 12.0 10.5 12.5 12.5 14.0 12.5 14.0 15.0 12.0 14.0 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0

mm 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 15

mm 65.0 82.0 106 102 135 131 151 148 181 178 220 212 208 245 237 315 362

cm2 13.0 18.8 22.8 30.4 25.9 33.2 29.9 37.9 32.7 41.0 45.2 35.1 44.4 52.7 58.0 68.7 82.1

Centre Of Gravity Cy cm 1.73 2.25 2.58 3.30 2.41 3.17 2.48 3.12 2.30 2.92 2.86 2.10 2.74 2.60 3.05 2.79 2.62


Elastic Modulus Axis Axis x-x y-y

Plastic Modulus Axis Axis x-x y-y

cm 4.00 5.07 6.15 6.18 7.27 7.40 8.11 8.16 9.17 9.27 9.99 10.1 10.3 11.7 11.9 14.8 16.3

cm3 41.5 77.3 115 155 152 202 196 252 239 306 361 278 364 481 549 791 1020

cm3 48.9 89.9 132 179 176 232 227 291 278 355 421 328 425 568 641 933 1222

cm 1.58 2.06 2.40 2.89 2.38 2.89 2.39 2.89 2.35 2.86 2.84 2.30 2.82 2.77 3.13 3.06 2.97

cm3 9.89 18.8 26.6 44.4 28.8 47.4 33.8 53.4 34.8 55.0 59.3 34.4 56.3 63.1 81.7 89.2 97.9

cm3 17.5 33.2 47.2 76.9 51.8 83.5 60.6 94.5 63.2 98.9 107 62.0 102 114 148 161 176

CHANNELS

124


y

Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web


B/T 5.88 6.84 7.50 7.50 7.14 7.20 6.00 6.43 6.00 6.43 6.00 6.25 6.43 5.81 6.06 5.71 5.26

d/t 13.0 14.9 19.3 15.7 22.5 20.2 25.2 21.1 27.8 23.7 27.5 30.3 26.0 27.2 26.3 33.2 32.9

cm4 208 483 861 1162 1370 1817 1963 2523 2748 3518 4510 3619 4728 7218 8229 15030 21940

cm4 32.3 80.0 131 253 146 277 170 314 181 334 364 185 353 404 568 643 722

Buckling Parameter

Torsional Index

Warping Constant

Torsional Constant

u

x

H

J

10.0 11.1 13.1 10.8 15.3 12.8 14.8 12.9 17.3 15.1 15.5 20.5 17.2 18.4 17.0 21.2 22.5

dm6 0.000491 0.00194 0.00467 0.00890 0.00754 0.0141 0.0107 0.0197 0.0153 0.0279 0.0359 0.0203 0.0379 0.0581 0.0813 0.150 0.219

cm4 2.53 4.72 6.10 11.8 7.34 13.3 11.1 18.3 11.8 19.3 23.8 11.7 20.6 28.8 36.8 45.7 63.0

0.942 0.942 0.946 0.936 0.946 0.949 0.956 0.954 0.947 0.950 0.948 0.932 0.942 0.934 0.944 0.932 0.917

PURLINS

122

Purlins

PURLINS

General Introduction Light-gauge plain and lipped channels are cold roll-formed from hot-rolled steel strips/coils of material according to JIS 3101 Grade SS400 (1995), or EN 10025 (1993). The sections are cold roll-formed according to JIS 3350 Grade SSC400 (1987), SPIM C100, SS104 (1996), or BS 5950 Part 7 (1992). The cold roll-forming of channels produces sections with excellent mechanical properties and yet light in weight. They are specially designed to ensure the ability to resist forces applied onto them. High-tensile galvanised C and Z purlins (sections) are cold roll-formed from high tensile Zinc coated steel sheets according to ASTM A446 (replaced by ASTM A653 (1997) and A924 (1997). Due to the lightweight, the high strength of the steel and the Zinc-coated surface, high-tensile galvanised C and Z purlins are versatile and economic in use. They require minimal maintenance throughout the life span of the buildings. The light-gauge channels and high-tensile galvanised purlins are suitable for roofing and wall cladding supports and for structural frames of buildings. Because of the lightweight of the sections, no heavy equipment is needed to move them from one place to another, or for the fabrication of the structure.

Z-Purlin

C-Purlin

Figure 9 – C and Z Purlins

Material specifications Light-Gauge Plain and Lipped Channels Specification

Strength Yield 2

JIS 3350 SSC400 SPIM C100

Tolerances

Tensile 2

Height

Side

N/mm

N/mm

H<150

150-300

H>300

min. 245 -

400-540 min. 295

±1.5mm ±1.5mm

±2.0mm ±2.0mm

±3.0mm ±3.0mm

SS 104

250/450

430/480

±1.5mm

±2.0mm

±3.0mm

BS5950 Part7*

min. 235

340-470

±1.0mm

±1.25mm

±2.0mm

Notes:

Lip

Corner Angle

±1.5mm ±1.5mm

±2.0mm ±2.0mm

±1.5° -

±1.5mm

±2.0mm

±1.0°

As for Height ±2.0/±3.0

±1.0°

*For BS5950 Part 7: The yield and tensile strengths are given by EN 10025 (1993) and are the smallest strengths from this standard. The intervals between heights are: H<50mm, 50-100, 100-200, H>200mm (first interval excluded here). The tolerance for the side length is split in two t<3mm/ 3 t <8mm.

Table 19 – Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances

125

PURLINS

123

PURLINS

Specification

Length

JIS 3350 SSC400

Thickness

L7m

L>7m

*L6m

*L>6m

+40mm

7m+Xm: X*5mm

-0mm

1.6mm

2.0mm

2.8mm

-2.3mm

3.0mm

4.0mm

-3.2mm

-4.5mm

6.0mm

±0.22mm

±0.25mm

±0.28mm

±0.30mm

±0.45mm

±0.60mm

±0.22mm

±0.25mm

±0.28mm

±0.30mm

±0.45mm

±0.60mm

+0.20mm

+0.20mm

+0.25mm

+0.30mm

+0.35mm

+0.40mm

-0.10mm

-0.12mm

-0.15mm

-0.17mm

-0.20mm

-0.22mm

±0.17mm

±0.18mm

±0.20mm

±0.22mm

±0.24mm

±0.26mm

+40mm SPIM C100

+40mm -0mm

7m+Xm: X*5mm +40mm

SS104*

+30mm -5.0mm

6m+Xm: X*5mm +40mm

±3.0mm

BS5950 P7** Notes:

*For SS104 the tolerance for the length has a change at 6 metres, and the intervals between the thickness are: t<2.0mm, 2.0-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.5-4.0, 4.0-4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-6.0mm (the two last intervals excluded from the table). **For BS5950 Part 7 the intervals between thickness are: t<2.0mm, 2.0-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-4.0, 4.0-5.0, 5.0-6.0, 6.07.0, 8.0-10.0, 10.0-12.5, 12.5-15.0, 15.0-25.0mm, (the five last intervals excluded from the table).

Table 20 – Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness

High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins Steel grade

AS 1397 G450 AS 1397 G500 AS 1397 G550

Base steel

Mechanical properties

Thickness

Yield strength

mm

N/mm

N/mm

%

1.5, 1.9, 2.4, 3.0 1.2 1.0

450 500 550

490 520 550

9 7 2

2

Tensile strength 2

Minimum elongation

Chemical properties C

P

Mn

Max (%) Max (%) Max (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.04 0.04 0.04

1.2 1.2 1.2

S Max (%) 0.03 0.03 0.03

Table 21 – High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances

Storage and handling C and Z Purlins should be kept dry during storage before use. They should be stacked clear of the ground with timber sleepers and covered to prevent bundles from getting wet. If bundles become wet during transportation or storage, the purlins must be separated and wiped dry with clean cloth as soon as possible. Care must be taken to prevent bundles or loose pieces from dropping to the ground or banging against the building during loading and unloading, or when lifting onto the top of the building.

126

PURLINS

124

PURLINS

Holing and cleating for C Purlins The figures under show the positioning of the holes on both the purlins. Z and C sections are normally supplied with holes punched to the Australian institute Steel Construction (AISC) gauge lines, except, in Victoria where the 150 series sections are punched to the structural Steel Fabricators Association, Victoria recommended gauge lines. 35mm

22mm

G (Gauge line) DH

Nominal section size (mm)

G (mm)

DH (mm)

100 150-Victoria only 150-other states 200 250 300 350

40 70 60 110 160 210 210

18 18 18 18 18 22 22

Figure 10 – Holing and cleats for C purlins

The holes are required at cleat supports at ends of laps and at bridging points. For the webs of 300 and 350 sections, centreline holes are also available on request, and may be combined with cleat holes to provide 3-bolt fastening to the cleats. For the 100, 150, 200, and 250 deep sections the holes are elongated with dimensions of 18mm x 22mm suitable for M12 bolts. For the 300 and 350 deep sections the holes are 22mm diameter suitable for M16 bolts. Sections are also available unpunched if required.

127

PURLINS

125

PURLINS

130 mm 80 mm

X

Y

B

Nominal section size (mm)

X

B

Y

t (thickness)

Gap

DH

100 150-Victoria only 150-other states 200 250 300 350

40 70 60 110 160 210 260

40 50 55 55 55 65 65

105 145 145 195 245 305 355

8 8 8 8 8 12 12

10 6010 10 10 10 20 20

18 18 18 18 18 22 22

Table 22 – High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position

128

PURLINS

Plain Channels

t cy D

x

x

y

60x30

75x45

100x50

125x50

150x65

175x75

200x75

225x75

250x75

Thickness

Area Centre Of Of Section Gravity

Second Moment Of Area Ix

Iy

cm2

Cy cm

cm4

cm4

1.6

1.84

0.823

10.3

1.63

2.3

2.59

0.856

14.2

2.25

2.00

1.6

2.56

1.30

23.9

2.84

2.3

3.62

1.34

33.1

3.65

3.0

4.65

1.37

2.44

1.6

3.12

3.47

2.3

4.47

3.0

5.87

t mm

1.44 2.03

A

Radius Of Gyration rx cm

ry cm

Elastic Modulus

Zx

Plastic Modulus

case b Zy Sx

Sy

Buckling Torsional Warping Torsional Constant Index Constant Constant

u

H

J

dm6 x 10-3

cm4

29.7

0.0101

0.0165

20.4

0.0138

0.0490

0.891

37.7

0.0528

0.0226

0.885

26.1

0.0739

0.0673

12.9 9.51

0.878

19.9

0.0939

0.150

2.14

11.5 3.88

0.901

50.1

0.136

0.0274

14.0

3.03

16.1 5.52

0.898

34.6

0.189

0.0815

17.7

3.88

20.6 7.12

0.895

26.3

0.240

0.181

1.55

22.7

5.05

26.6 9.37

0.890

19.5

0.307

0.430

4.85

1.54

18.8

3.12

22.0 5.72

0.900

43.2

0.315

0.0916

15.1

4.81

1.53

23.9

4.01

28.2 7.46

0.898

32.7

0.397

0.204

19.4

4.76

1.51

30.7

5.22

36.6 9.97

0.896

24.2

0.505

0.483

212

21.4

4.74

1.51

34.0

5.81

40.6 11.2

0.895

21.3

0.555

0.689

1.61

218

25.8

5.90

2.03

29.1

5.29

33.7 9.56

0.902

52.2

1.00

0.114

1.64

279

33.1

5.87

2.02

37.2

6.81

43.4 12.4

0.900

39.7

1.27

0.253

10.67

1.69

361

42.9

5.82

2.00

48.2

8.91

56.6 16.5

0.898

29.4

1.63

0.601

11.9

1.71

401

47.6

5.79

2.00

53.4

9.94

63.0 18.5

0.897

26.0

1.81

0.856

2.3

7.30

1.83

347

40.2

6.89

2.35

39.7

7.09

45.9 12.8

0.902

61.1

2.12

0.132

3.0

9.45

1.86

445

51.5

6.86

2.33

50.8

9.14

59.1 16.6

0.901

46.5

2.70

0.294

9.79

4.0

12.47

1.91

579

67.1

6.81

2.32

66.1

12.0

77.4 22.1

0.899

34.6

3.49

0.697

10.95

4.5

14.0

1.93

643

74.6

6.79

2.31

73.5

13.4

86.3 24.8

0.898

30.6

3.87

0.992

6.18

2.3

7.88

1.71

473

41.7

7.75

2.30

47.3

7.21

55.4 13.0

0.899

70.0

2.88

0.142

8.01

3.0

10.2

1.74

608

53.6

7.72

2.29

60.8

9.30

71.4 16.9

0.898

53.3

3.67

0.316

10.60

4.0

13.5

1.78

792

69.8

7.67

2.28

79.2

12.2

22.7

0.897

39.5

4.74

0.75

11.84

4.5

15.1

1.80

881

77.7

7.64

2.27

88.1

13.6

104 25.6

0.897

35.0

5.24

1.07

6.63

2.3

8.45

1.60

624

43.1

8.60

2.26

55.5

7.30

65.6 13.2

0.894

79.0

3.79

0.152

cm3

cm3

cm3 mm3

2.37 0.944

3.45

0.75

4.00 1.37

0.897

2.34 0.932

4.72

1.05

5.54 1.94

0.891

5.37

3.06

1.45

6.37

1.68

7.22 5.85

7.49

3.02

1.44

8.83

2.37

10.1 7.83

41.7

9.46

2.99

1.43

11.1

3.02

1.32

50.0

7.87

4.01

1.59

10.0

4.43

1.36

69.9

11.0

3.97

1.58

5.70

1.39

88.6

14.0

3.94

1.57

4.0

7.47

1.43

113.3 18.0

3.89

3.92

2.3

5.00

1.21

117

11.8

5.06

3.0

6.45

1.24

149

6.65

4.0

8.47

1.29

192

7.42

4.5

9.46

1.31

4.91

2.3

6.27

6.36

3.0

8.10

8.38

4.0

9.36

4.5

5.73 7.42

94

x

8.59

3.0

11.0

1.63

803

55.4

8.56

2.25

71.3

9.43

84.6 17.3

0.894

60.1

4.83

0.339

11.40

4.0

14.5

1.67

1048

72.2

8.51

2.23

93

12.4

111 23.3

0.893

44.6

6.22

0.80

12.72

4.5

16.2

1.70

1166

80.4

8.48

2.23

104

13.8

124 26.3

0.893

39.4

6.88

1.14

7.08

2.3

9.03

1.50

802

44.3

9.43

2.22

64.2

7.39

76.5 13.4

0.888

88.2

4.84

0.163

9.18

3.0

11.7

1.54

1032

56.9

9.39

2.21

82.5

9.54

98.8 17.6

0.888

67.1

6.17

0.361

12.10

4.0

15.5

1.58

1349

74.3

9.34

2.19

108

12.5

130 23.9

0.888

49.8

7.95

0.86

13.60

4.5

17.3

1.60

1502

82.7

9.31

2.18

120

14.0

145 27.1

0.888

44.0

8.79

1.22

PURLINS

Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxB mm kg/m

B

129

PURLINS y

Lipped Channels

t

r2 D

x r1

C

B

PURLINS

Designation Thickness Size Mass Per Metre DxBxC t

r1


Second Moment Of Area

Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Plastic Modulus

y

Buckling Torsional Constant Index

A

Cy

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

mm

kg/m

mm

mm mm

cm2

cm

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

60x30x10

1.62

1.6

4.0

2.4

2.05

1.06

11.4 2.50 2.36 1.10 3.81 1.29 4.48 2.12

0.808

1.99

2.0

5.0

3.0

2.50

1.05

13.7 2.93 2.34 1.08 4.56 1.50 5.41 2.54

0.804

2.25

2.3

5.8

3.5

2.83

1.05

15.2 3.20 2.32 1.06 5.06 1.64 6.05 2.57

0.801

75x45x15

130

Inside Outside Radius r2

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

x Cy

u

x

Warp Torsion Constant

H

J

dm6 x 10-3

cm4

35.5

0.0219

0.0182

28.3

0.0257

0.0352

24.5

0.0281

0.0530

cm3 cm3 cm3 cm3

2.31

1.6

4.0

2.4

2.93

1.72

26.8 8.59 3.03 1.71 7.15 3.09 8.27 4.62

0.776

46.7

0.129

0.0258

2.86

2.0

5.0

3.0

3.60

1.71

32.5 10.3 3.00 1.69 8.66 3.69 10.1 5.61

0.774

37.2

0.154

0.0499

3.24

2.3

5.8

3.5

4.09

1.71

36.5 11.5 2.99 1.67 9.73 4.11 11.4 6.31

0.772

32.2

0.171

0.0754

4.12

3.0

7.5

4.5

5.18

1.70

44.9 13.8 2.94 1.63 12.0 4.94 14.2 7.79

0.769

24.5

0.206

0.165

4.37

3.2

8.0

4.8

5.48

1.70

47.1 14.4 2.93 1.62 12.6 5.15 14.9 8.18

0.767

22.9

0.215

0.199

100x50x20 2.88

1.6

4.0

2.4

3.65

1.86

57.9 13.8 3.98 1.95 11.6 4.41 13.5 6.73

0.788

62.9

0.373

0.032

3.60

2.0

5.0

3.0

4.50

1.86

70.5 16.7 3.96 1.93 14.1 5.32 16.5 8.22

0.786

50.1

0.450

0.062

4.06

2.3

5.8

3.5

5.13

1.86

79.6 18.7 3.94 1.91 15.9 5.95 18.7 9.28

0.785

43.5

0.503

0.094

5.18

3.0

7.5

4.5

6.53

1.85

0.781

33.1

0.616

0.205

5.50

3.2

8.0

4.8

6.92

1.85

104 24.0 3.88 1.86 20.9 7.60 24.9 12.2

0.780

31.0

0.645

0.248

6.71

4.0

10.0 6.0

8.41

1.84

123 27.7 3.83 1.82 24.7 8.79 29.8 14.5

0.775

24.7

0.747

0.478

99

22.9 3.90 1.87 19.8 7.27 23.6 11.6

7.43

4.5

11.3 6.8

9.29

1.84

134 29.7 3.80 1.79 26.8 9.40 32.6 14.4

0.772

21.8

0.802

0.674

125x50x20 3.95

2.0

5.0

3.0

5.00

1.68

119 18.1 4.88 1.90 19.1 5.46 22.5 7.90

0.820

59.5

0.684

0.069

4.51

2.3

5.8

3.5

5.70

1.68

135 20.3 4.86 1.89 21.5 6.11 25.5 8.91

0.819

51.6

0.767

0.104

5.77

3.0

7.5

4.5

7.28

1.68

169 24.8 4.81 1.85 27.0 7.47 32.2 11.2

0.814

39.4

0.942

0.228

6.13

3.2

8.0

4.8

7.72

1.68

178 26.0 4.80 1.84 28.4 7.82 34.0 11.8

0.813

36.9

0.987

0.275

7.50

4.0

10.0 6.0

9.41

1.67

212 30.2 4.74 1.79 33.9 9.05 40.9 14.1

0.808

29.4

1.15

0.531

8.31

4.5

11.3 6.8

10.4

1.66

231 32.3 4.71 1.76 36.9 9.7 45.0 15.4

0.804

26.1

1.24

0.750

150x65x20 5.50

2.3

5.8

3.5

6.97

2.11

245 40.5 5.93 2.41 32.7 9.23 38.1 13.8

0.840

59.6

2.03

0.126

7.07

3.0

7.5

4.5

8.93

2.10

310 50.2 5.89 2.37 41.3 11.4 48.4 17.4

0.836

45.6

2.53

0.277

7.51

3.2

8.0

4.8

9.48

2.10

327 52.7 5.87 2.36 43.6 12.0 51.2 18.4

0.835

42.7

2.66

0.336

9.22

4.0

10.0 6.0

11.6

2.09

393 62.0 5.82 2.31 52.4 14.1 62.1 22.1

0.831

34.1

3.14

0.649

10.25

4.5

11.3 6.8

12.9

2.09

432 67.1 5.78 2.28 57.5 15.2 68.5 24.2

0.828

30.3

3.41

0.917

175x75x20 6.31

2.3

5.8

3.5

8.00

2.34

386 60.3 6.95 2.75 44.1 11.7 51.1 17.8

0.853

68.0

3.92

0.144

8.13

3.0

7.5

4.5

10.3

2.33

489 75.1 6.90 2.70 55.9 14.5 65.2 22.5

0.850

52.0

4.90

0.318

8.63

3.2

8.0

4.8

10.9

2.33

518 79.1 6.88 2.69 59.1 15.3 69.1 23.7

0.849

48.7

5.17

0.385

10.63

4.0

10.0 6.0

13.4

2.32

626 93.6 6.83 2.64 71.5 18.1 84.1 28.7

0.845

38.9

6.15

0.745

11.84

4.5

11.3 6.8

14.9

2.31

689

102 6.80 2.61 78.7 19.6 93.0 31.6

0.842

34.6

6.71

1.05

200x75x20 6.76

2.3

5.8

3.5

8.58

2.19

527 63.0 7.84 2.71 52.7 11.9 61.5 18.0

0.860

76.8

5.22

0.154

8.71

3.0

7.5

4.5

11.0

2.18

669 78.5 7.79 2.67 66.9 14.8 78.5 22.9

0.856

58.8

6.53

0.340

9.27

3.2

8.0

4.8

11.7

2.18

708 82.6 7.77 2.65 70.8 15.5 83.2 24.3

0.855

55.1

6.89

0.412

11.40

4.0

10.0 6.0

14.4

2.17

857

98

7.71 2.61 85.7 18.4 101 29.5

0.850

44.1

8.22

0.798

12.73

4.5

11.3 6.8

16.0

2.17

945

106 7.68 2.57 94.5 19.9 112 32.6

0.847

39.2

8.98

1.13

PURLINS

Lipped Channels

t

r2 D

x r1

x Cy

C y

Thickness

Inside Outside Radius r1



Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Plastic Modulus

Buckling Torsional Constant Index

A

Cy

Ix

Iy

rx

ry

kg/m

mm

mm mm

cm2

cm

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

200x75x25 6.95

2.3

5.8

3.5

8.81

2.33

540 69.0 7.83 2.80 54.0 13.3 63.3 19.6

0.846

8.93

3.0

7.5

4.5

11.3

2.32

687 86.3 7.78 2.76 68.7 16.7 80.8 24.9

0.843

mm

t

r2

Zx

Zy

Sx

Sy

u

x

Warp Torsion Constant

H

J

dm6 x 10-3

cm4

79.2

6.07

0.158

60.6

7.62

0.349

cm3 cm3 cm3 cm3

9.52

3.2

8.0

4.8

12.0

2.32

727 90.9 7.77 2.75 72.7 17.5 85.7 26.4

0.842

56.8

8.03

0.423

11.70

4.0

10.0 6.0

14.8

2.31

881

108 7.71 2.70 88.1 20.8 105 32.0

0.838

45.3

9.59

0.819

13.10

4.5

11.3 6.8

16.5

2.31

972

118 7.68 2.67 97.2 22.7 116 35.4

0.835

40.3

10.5

1.16

225x75x20 7.21

2.3

5.8

3.5

9.15

2.06

694 65.3 8.71 2.67 61.7 12.0 72.6 18.3

0.862

85.8

6.74

0.165

9.30

3.0

7.5

4.5

11.8

2.05

883 81.4 8.66 2.63 78.4 14.9 92.8 23.4

0.858

65.8

8.46

0.363

9.89

3.2

8.0

4.8

12.5

2.05

934 85.7 8.64 2.62 83.1 15.7 98.4 24.8

0.857

61.7

8.92

0.439

12.20

4.0

10.0 6.0

15.4

2.05

1134 101 8.58 2.57 101 18.6 120 30.3

0.852

49.4

10.7

0.851

13.61

4.5

11.3 6.8

17.2

2.04

1252 110 8.54 2.53 111 20.2 133 33.6

0.849

43.9

11.6

1.206

225x75x25 7.40

2.3

5.8

3.5

9.38

2.19

713 71.6 8.72 2.76 63.3 13.5 74.6 19.9

0.851

87.9

7.77

0.169 0.372

9.54

3.0

7.5

4.5

12.1

2.19

907 89.6 8.66 2.72 80.6 16.9 95.5 25.3

0.848

67.4

9.76

10.10

3.2

8.0

4.8

12.8

2.18

960 94.4 8.65 2.71 85.4 17.8 101 26.9

0.847

63.1

10.3

0.450

12.50

4.0

10.0 6.0

15.8

2.18

1166 112 8.59 2.66 104 21.1 124 32.8

0.843

50.5

12.3

0.873

14.00

4.5

11.3 6.8

17.6

2.17

1288 122 8.55 2.64 115 23.0 137 36.4

0.840

44.9

13.5

1.24

250x75x20 7.67

2.3

5.8

9.73

1.94

890 67.3 9.57 2.63 71.2 12.1 84.4 18.6

0.861

94.9

8.50

0.175

3.5

9.89

3.0

7.5

4.5

12.5

1.94

1133 83.9 9.51 2.59 90.7 15.1 108 23.8

0.857

72.8

10.7

0.385

10.52

3.2

8.0

4.8

13.3

1.94

1200 88.4 9.49 2.58 96.0 15.9 115 25.3

0.856

68.3

11.3

0.467

12.99

4.0

10.0 6.0

16.4

1.93

1459 105 9.43 2.53 117 18.8 140 31.1

0.851

54.7

13.5

0.905

14.49

4.5

11.3 6.8

18.3

1.93

1612 114 9.39 2.49 129 20.4 155 34.6

0.848

48.7

14.7

1.28

250x75x25 7.85

2.3

5.8

3.5

10

2.07

914 74.0 9.58 2.73 73.1 13.6 86.7 20.1

0.853

96.9

9.73

0.179

10.13

3.0

7.5

4.5

12.8

2.07

1165 92.5 9.53 2.69 93.2 17.0 111 25.8

0.850

74.3

12.2

0.394

10.80

3.2

8.0

4.8

13.6

2.07

1234 97.5 9.51 2.67 98.7 17.9 118 27.4

0.849

69.6

12.9

0.478

13.30

4.0

10.0 6.0

16.8

2.06

1501 116 9.45 2.63 120 21.3 144 33.6

0.844

55.7

15.5

0.926

14.85

4.5

11.3 6.8

18.7

2.06

1659 126 9.41 2.60 133 23.2 160 37.4

0.842

49.5

16.9

1.31

PURLINS

Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxBxC

131

PURLINS

130

PURLINS

High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins y

B r1

Cy D

Cx x

x r2

t C

y

Designation Thickness Size Mass Per Number Metre t

D

B

C

Area Of Section A

rx

ry

mm

kg/m

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm

cm

cm

cm

cm

C10010

1.78

1.0

102

51

12.5

2.16

36.4

7.55

4.11

1.87

C10012

2.10

1.2

102

51

12.5

2.58

43.2

8.92

4.10

1.86

C10015

2.62

1.5

102

51

13.5

3.23

53.7

11.2

4.08

1.87

C10019

3.29

1.9

102

51

14.5

4.09

67.3

14.2

4.06

1.87

C15012

2.89

1.2

152

64

14.5

3.54

129

18.8

6.04

2.31

C15015

3.59

1.5

152

64

15.5

4.43

161

23.7

6.02

2.31

C15019

4.51

1.9

152

64

16.5

5.61

202

30.0

6.00

2.31

C15024

5.70

2.4

152

64

18.5

7.12

254

38.6

5.98

2.33

C20015

4.49

1.5

203

76

15.5

5.55

353

39.6

7.97

2.67

C20019

5.74

1.9

203

76

19.0

7.13

451

53.1

7.96

2.73

C20024

7.24

2.4

203

76

21.0

9.04

569

68.1

7.93

2.74

C25019

6.50

1.9

254

76

18.5

8.08

762

56.1

9.71

2.64

C25024

8.16

2.4

254

76

20.5

10.20

962

72.1

9.69

2.65

C30024

10.09

2.4

300

96

27.5

12.60

1700

151

11.6

3.46

C30030

12.76

3.0

300

96

31.5

16.00

2130

196

11.6

3.50

C35030

15.23

3.0

350

125

30.0

19.10

3580

382

13.7

4.47

Centroid

Shear Centre

Torsion constant

Designation Size Mass Per Metre Number

Web

Section Modulus Zx

Flange

Zy

Lip

2

Moment Of Inertia Ix Iy 4

Radius Of Gyration 4

MonoWarping Section constant symmetry modulus in Section constant bending Iw ßy Zxe

xo

J

mm

kg/m

cm

cm

3

mm

mm

mm

C10010

1.78

7.13

2.19

16.1

39.9

71.9

160

123

5.37

113

C10012

2.10

8.48

2.59

16.0

39.7

124

188

123

6.74

153

C10015

2.62

10.5

3.29

161

40.11

242

241

122

8.73

217

C10019

3.29

13.2

4.21

16.2

40.4

492

311

122

12.3

329

C15012

2.89

17.0

4.17

18.3

46.5

170

842

171

11.8

165

C15015

3.59

21.1

5.29

18.4

46.9

332

1070

171

17.1

244

C15019

4.51

26.6

6.74

18.5

47.1

675

1370

170

21.8

340

C15024

5.70

33.5

8.79

18.9

48.0

1370

1810

169

30.9

527

C20015

4.49

34.7

7.17

19.9

51.6

416

3060

223

24.1

251

C20019

5.74

44.4

9.77

20.8

53.6

858

4240

221

36.6

381

C20024

7.24

56.0

12.7

21.1

54.4

1740

5540

219

47.5

541

C25019

6.50

60.0

9.86

18.1

48.5

972

6860

276

46.2

381

C25024

8.16

75.7

12.8

18.4

49.3

1970

8920

274

64.9

543

C30024

10.09

113

21.7

25.0

66.0

2430

26800

320

91.1

632

C30030

12.76

142

28.5

25.8

67.9

4790

35700

316

124

897

C35030

15.23

205

42.3

33.2

86.3

5730

90000

378

159

940

3

4

6

cm

mm

Table 23 – High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes

132

Area in compression

3

cm

Ae 2

Cm

PURLINS

131

PURLINS

High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins y F L Cx

Cy

x

D x

t L

y

Designation Size Number

Mass Per Metre

Thickne ss

Web

t

D

Flange 1 Flange 2

Lip

Area Of

F

L

Section

Inertia

A

Ix 2

Radius Of Modulus Gyration Zy

Moment Of

Section E

Iy 4

E

mm

kg/m

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm

cm

cm

4

cm

3

mm

()

o

Z10010

1.78

1.0

102

53

49

12.5

2.16

45.1

4.37

1.55

14.2

27.6

Z10012

2.10

1.2

102

53

49

12.5

2.58

53.6

5.16

1.84

14.2

27.5

Z10015

2.62

1.5

102

53

49

13.5

3.23

66.8

6.52

2.32

14.2

27.8

Z10019

3.29

1.9

102

53

49

14.5

4.09

84.0

8.29

2.94

14.2

28.1

Z15012

2.89

1.2

152

65

61

15.5

3.54

147

1.15

3.14

18.1

21.8

Z15015

3.59

1.5

152

65

61

16.5

4.43

184

1.45

3.96

18.1

22.0

Z15019

4.51

1.9

152

65

61

17.5

5.61

232

1.84

5.02

18.1

22.1

Z15024

5.70

2.4

152

66

60

19.5

7.12

292

2.38

6.38

18.3

22.5

Z20015

4.49

1.5

203

79

74

15.5

5.55

389

2.55

5.53

21.4

18.5

Z20019

5.74

1.9

203

79

74

18.5

7.13

502

3.42

7.45

21.9

19.1

Z20024

7.24

2.4

203

79

73

21.5

9.07

636

4.43

9.64

22.1

19.4

Z25019

6.50

1.9

254

79

74

18.0

8.08

808

3.81

7.82

21.7

14.0

Z25024

8.16

2.4

254

79

73

21.0

10.30

1020

4.93

10.2

21.9

14.3

Z30024

10.09

2.4

300

100

93

27.0

12.60

1830

1.01

16.8

28.3

16.0

Z30030

12.76

3.0

300

100

93

31.0

16.00

2310

1.32

21.9

28.7

16..3

Z35030

15.23

3.0

350

129

121

30.0

19.10

3920

2.49

32.8

36.1

17.8

Torsion Warping Section Area in constant constant modulus compre-

Iy’ 4 cm

Product of moment inertia Ix’ Iy’ 4 cm

Zx’ 3 cm

Zy’ 3 cm

rx’ mm

ry’ mm

J 4 mm

36.4

13.1

16.8

7.00

2.56

41.1

24.7

71.9

215

5.33

113

43.2

15.5

19.8

8.32

3.02

41.0

24.5

124

253

6.73

153

2.62

53.7

19.7

24.9

10.3

3.84

40.8

24.7

242

321

8.82

217

3.29

67.3

25.0

31.4

13.0

4.92

40.6

24.7

492

409

12.4

329

Z15012

2.89

128

30.3

46.9

16.7

4.78

60.3

29.3

170

1160

11.9

169

Z15015

3.59

160

38.3

58.8

20.8

6.06

60.1

29.4

332

1460

17.2

248

Z15019

4.51

201

48.7

74.4

26.1

7.73

59.9

29.5

675

1860

22.4

347

Z15024

5.70

253

63.2

95.0

32.6

10.0

59.6

29.8

1370

2410

31.4

535

Z20015

4.49

353

62.1

109

34.3

8.05

79.7

33.4

416

4260

23.8

248

Z20019

5.74

452

84.3

145

43.9

11.0

79.6

34.4

858

5830

36.4

378

Z20024

7.24

570

110

186

55.3

14.4

79.3

34.8

1740

7630

48.4

546

Z25019

6.50

762

83.3

181

59.3

10.8

97.1

32.1

972

9480

45.7

379

Z25024

8.16

964

108

233

74.9

14.2

96.9

32.5

1970

12400

66.0

547

Z30024

10.09

1700

232

457

112

23.8

116

42.8

2430

36600

89.9

628

Z30030

12.76

2130

304

588

140

31.4

116

43.6

4790

48200

125

908

Z35030

15.23

3580

593

1070

202

47.2

137

55.7

5730

124000

159

940

Designation Size Mass Per Metre Number mm kg/m

Ix’ 4 cm

Z10010

1.78

Z10012

2.10

Z10015 Z10019

Moment of inertia

Section modulus

Radius of gyration

in ssion bending constant

Iw 6 cm

Zx’e 3 cm

Ae 2 mm

Table 24 – High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes

133

ANGLES

133

Angles

Rolling tolerances – EN 10056-2 : 1993

Tolerances on shapes and dimensions Leg length (a or b) The deviation from nominal on length shall be within the tolerance given in the following table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a) shall be used to determine the tolerance band. Leg length a (mm)

Tolerance (mm)

shall be used to determine the tolerance band.

ANGLES

This European specifies tolerances on shapes dimensions and mass of hot rolled structural steel equal and unequal leg angles.

Out of square – leg length (mm)

Tolerance (mm)


1.0

Greater than 200

3.0

1.5

Up to and including 50 Greater than 50 up to and including 100 Greater than 100 up to and including 150 Greater than 150 up to and including 200

+1.0

-1.0

+2.0

-2.0

+3.0

-3.0

+4.0

-4.0

Straightness (q)

Greater than 200

+6.0

-4.0

The deviation from straightness shall not exceed the tolerances given in the following table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a) shall be used to determine the tolerance band.

Leg length a (mm)

Section thickness (t) The deviation from nominal on thickness shall be within the tolerance given in the following table. Leg length a (mm)

Tolerance (mm)

2.0

Over full bar length Deviation q (mm)

Tolerance over any part bar length (mm) Deviation Length considered (q)

Up to and including 150

0.4% L

1,500

-0.5

Up to and including 200

0.2% L

2,000

-0.75

Greater than 200

0.1% L

+1.20

-1.20

Tolerance on mass The deviation from the nominal mass of any individual piece shall not exceed:


+0.5

-0.5

a. ±6% for thickness for t 4mm or

+0.75

-0.75

b. ±4% for thickness for t > 4mm

+1.0

-1.0

Greater than 15

+1.20

-1.20

Out of square (k) Out-of-squareness of the section shall not exceed the maximum following table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a)

The deviation from the nominal mass is the difference between the actual mass of the piece and the calculated mass. The calculated mass shall be 3 determined using a density of 7850 kg/m . Tolerance on length The tolerance on ordered length shall be either: a. ±50mm; or b. -0 / +100mm where minimum lengths are requested


135

ANGLES r2

Equal

y v

A

90

t

u cy

o

r1

r2

x

x cy u

A


AxA

t

mm 20x20 25x25

mm 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 3 4 4.5 5 6 8 5 6 5 6 8 5 6 8 9 6 7 8 5 6 8 9 10 12 6 8 10 6 7 8 9 10 12 13

30x30 ANGLES

35X35 38x38

40x40

45x45

50x50

60x60 63X63

65x65

70x70

75x75

80x80

90x90

136

Mass Per Metre

kg/m 0.885 1.12 1.45 1.70 1.36 1.76 2.16 1.65 1.72 2.36 2.79 3.33 1.83 2.42 2.95 3.52 2.74 3.38 3.99 2.33 3.06 3.40 3.77 4.43 5.78 4.55 5.42 4.75 5.71 7.42 5.00 5.91 7.66 8.55 6.38 7.38 8.43 5.69 6.85 9.03 9.96 10.99 13.00 7.34 9.66 11.8 8.30 9.61 10.90 12.20 13.40 15.90 17.00

Radius Root Toe

r1

r2

mm 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

mm 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8

Area Of Section

cm2 1.11 1.41 1.84 2.25 1.74 2.27 2.78 3.87 2.24 2.93 3.60 4.25 2.36 3.09 3.80 4.49 3.52 4.33 5.12 2.99 3.92 4.38 4.83 5.72 7.44 5.86 6.95 6.16 7.31 9.55 6.40 7.59 9.91 11.0 8.19 9.46 10.71 7.37 8.76 11.5 12.8 14.1 16.7 9.36 12.3 15.1 10.6 12.3 13.9 15.6 17.2 20.3 21.9

Distance Centre Of Gravity

t

y


v

Elastic Modulus

Radius Of Gyration

Cx and Cy

Axis x-x , y-y

Axis u-u

Axis v-v

Axis x-x , y-y

Axis u-u

Axis v-v

Axis x-x , y-y

cm 0.593 0.718 0.758 0.796 0.836 0.879 0.919 1.08 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.15 1.08 1.12 1.17 1.20 1.24 1.29 1.33 1.32 1.37 1.39 1.41 1.45 1.53 1.65 1.70 1.73 1.77 1.85 1.77 1.82 1.90 1.94 1.94 1.98 2.02 2.00 2.04 2.13 2.17 2.21 2.29 2.17 2.26 2.34 2.41 2.46 2.50 2.54 2.58 2.66 2.70

cm4 0.381 0.784 1.00 1.19 1.41 1.81 2.17 4.13 2.99 3.85 4.66 5.40 3.51 4.53 5.48 6.37 6.59 7.99 9.31 7.06 9.17 10.2 11.2 13.0 16.5 19.8 23.2 23.1 27.1 34.5 25.5 29.9 38.2 42.0 37.7 43.1 48.3 38.7 45.7 59.0 65.3 71.3 82.7 56.0 72.4 87.7 81.0 93.2 105 117 128 149 159

cm4 0.601 1.24 1.58 1.87 2.23 2.86 3.42 6.51 4.72 6.10 7.36 8.51 5.55 7.18 8.68 10.1 10.4 12.6 14.7 11.1 14.5 16.1 17.7 20.6 25.9 31.4 36.8 36.6 42.9 54.6 40.3 47.4 60.4 66.4 59.8 68.3 76.5 61.2 72.4 93.5 103 113 130 88.7 115 139 128 148 167 185 202 235 251

cm4 0.160 0.326 0.422 0.516 0.590 0.758 0.921 1.76 1.25 1.61 1.95 2.29 1.47 1.89 2.29 2.69 2.75 3.34 3.90 2.97 3.82 4.23 4.64 5.43 6.97 8.24 9.65 9.58 11.2 14.4 10.6 12.4 15.9 17.6 15.7 17.9 20.1 16.2 19.0 24.5 27.2 29.8 35.0 23.2 30.0 36.5 33.7 38.7 43.5 48.2 52.9 62.1 66.6

cm 0.585 0.745 0.737 0.728 0.901 0.893 0.884 1.03 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.49 1.84 1.83 1.93 1.92 1.90 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.95 2.15 2.13 2.12 2.29 2.28 2.27 2.26 2.25 2.23 2.45 2.43 2.41 2.76 2.76 2.75 2.74 2.73 2.70 2.69

cm 0.735 0.938 0.926 0.912 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.30 1.45 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.53 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.87 2.31 2.30 2.44 2.42 2.39 2.51 2.50 2.47 2.45 2.70 2.69 2.67 2.88 2.88 2.85 2.84 2.83 2.80 3.08 3.06 3.03 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 3.43 3.40 3.39

cm 0.380 0.481 0.479 0.479 0.582 0.578 0.576 0.674 0.748 0.741 0.736 0.733 0.789 0.782 0.776 0.773 0.884 0.878 0.873 0.997 0.987 0.984 0.980 0.974 0.968 1.19 1.18 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.58 1.56 1.55 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.74

cm3 0.271 0.440 0.574 0.701 0.652 0.853 1.04 1.71 1.08 1.41 1.73 2.04 1.20 1.58 1.94 2.28 2.02 2.49 2.93 1.92 2.52 2.82 3.11 3.67 4.74 4.56 5.40 5.05 5.98 7.76 5.39 6.38 8.29 9.21 7.46 8.59 9.70 7.02 8.38 11.0 12.3 13.5 15.9 9.6 12.6 15.5 12.3 14.3 16.2 18.0 19.9 23.5 25.2


ANGLES r2

Equal

y v

A

90

t

u cy

o

r1

r2

x

x cy u


AxA

t

mm 100x100

mm 6 7 8 10 12 13 15 8 10 12 15 8 10 12 8 9 10 12 15 16 8 10 12 15 16 18 19 12 15 12 13 15 16 18 20 24 25 26 25 28 32 35 35 35

120x120

125x125

130x130

150x150

175x175 200x200

250x250

300x300 350x350

Mass Per Metre

kg/m 9.20 10.70 12.20 15.00 17.80 19.10 21.90 14.70 18.20 21.60 26.60 14.90 19.09 22.67 15.90 17.90 19.70 23.50 28.80 30.70 18.00 23.00 27.30 33.80 35.70 40.10 41.90 31.80 39.40 36.55 39.49 45.30 48.50 54.20 59.90 71.10 73.60 76.80 93.70 104.00 118.00 128.00 155.00 182.00

Radius Root Toe

r1

r2

mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 24 24

mm 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 18 18

Area Of Section

cm2 11.9 13.7 15.6 19.2 22.8 24.5 28.0 18.8 23.3 27.6 34.0 19.7 24.3 28.9 20.5 22.9 25.3 30.1 37.1 39.4 23.8 29.5 35.0 43.2 45.9 51.2 53.8 41.0 50.7 47.2 50.9 58.3 62.0 69.4 76.6 90.8 94.3 97.8 120 133 151 164 197 232


t

y


v

Elastic Modulus

Radius Of Gyration

Cx and Cy

Axis x-x , y-y

Axis u-u

Axis v-v

Axis x-x , y-y

Axis u-u

Axis v-v

Axis x-x , y-y

cm 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.83 2.91 2.95 3.02 3.24 3.32 3.41 3.52 3.36 3.44 3.53 3.48 3.53 3.57 3.65 3.77 3.81 3.97 4.06 4.14 4.26 4.30 4.38 4.42 4.77 4.89 5.38 5.42 5.50 5.54 5.62 5.70 5.85 5.89 5.93 7.14 7.25 7.40 7.51 8.71 9.96

cm4 113 130 146 178 208 222 250 259 316 371 448 294 360 422 332 370 406 477 578 610 518 635 748 909 960 1060 1109 1208 1474 1829 1967 2237 2369 2627 2877 3357 3472 3586 7030 7741 8650 9305 16300 26600

cm4 178 206 232 283 330 352 395 411 502 588 710 466 570 669 527 586 645 758 916 966 820 1008 1187 1442 1523 1680 1756 1920 2342 2906 3126 3555 3765 4174 4569 5322 5502 5680 11170 12290 13710 14720 25900 42300

cm4 47.0 53.9 60.6 73.8 86.5 92.8 105 107 130 153 186 122 149 174 138 153 168 197 240 253 215 263 309 375 397 440 462 497 606 753 809 919 973 1080 1185 1391 1442 1492 2891 3195 3593 3887 6690 10800

cm 3.08 3.08 3.07 3.05 3.02 3.01 2.99 3.71 3.69 3.66 3.63 3.87 3.84 3.82 4.03 4.02 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 4.66 4.64 4.62 4.59 4.57 4.55 4.54 5.43 5.39 6.23 6.22 6.19 6.18 6.15 6.13 6.08 6.07 6.05 7.67 7.63 7.58 7.54 9.09 10.70

cm 3.88 3.87 3.86 3.84 3.81 3.79 3.76 4.67 4.64 4.62 4.57 4.87 4.84 4.81 5.07 5.06 5.05 5.02 4.97 4.95 5.87 5.85 5.82 5.78 5.76 5.73 5.71 6.84 6.80 7.85 7.84 7.81 7.79 7.76 7.72 7.65 7.64 7.62 9.67 9.61 9.54 9.49 11.50 13.50

cm 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.94 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.34 2.49 2.47 2.46 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.56 2.54 2.54 3.01 2.99 2.97 2.95 2.94 2.93 2.93 3.48 3.46 4.00 3.99 3.97 3.96 3.95 3.93 3.91 3.91 3.91 4.92 4.90 4.89 4.88 5.82 6.83

cm3 15.3 17.8 20.2 24.8 29.4 31.5 35.8 29.5 36.4 43.1 52.8 32.2 39.7 47.0 34.9 39.0 43.1 51.1 62.6 66.3 46.9 58.0 68.9 84.6 89.8 99.8 105 94.9 117 125 135 154 164 183 201 237 246 255 394 436 491 532 766 1060


ANGLES

A

137

ANGLES r2

Unequal

v A

t

90

u

o

r1

Cx x

r2

x

Cy B


ANGLES

100x75

125x75

150x75

150x90

150x100

200x100

200x150

138

Radius of Gyration

Axis y-y

Axis Axis Axis Axis Axis u-u v-v x-x y-y u-u

cm2

cm

cm

cm4

cm4

cm4

2.4

4.4

2.10

0.870

18.0

4.90

2.4

5.75

2.17

0.930

23.0

6.30

7

2.4

7.22

2.45

1.21

40.9

14.6

7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 12 11 12 11 11 11 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 12 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

2.4 4.8 4.8 7.0 4.8 7.0 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 7.0 5.0 4.8 8.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 6.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 8.5 6.0 6.5 8.5 6.0 8.5 4.8 4.8 7.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8

9.44 11.2 12.7 14.0 15.6 18.4 11.9 13.5 15.1 16.6 19.7 21.2 12.7 13.7 15.5 17.4 19.2 22.7 24.3 15.5 17.5 19.4 21.7 25.7 31.7 18.7 20.9 23.2 27.6 34.0 19.4 21.8 24.2 28.6 33.2 35.2 29.4 34.9 40.3 43.1 40.9 50.6 60.1

2.53 3.23 3.28 3.31 3.36 3.43 3.06 3.11 3.15 3.19 3.27 3.31 4.07 4.10 4.14 4.19 4.23 4.32 4.35 5.17 5.23 5.25 5.32 5.41 5.53 4.93 4.95 5.00 5.09 5.21 4.70 4.77 4.80 4.88 4.98 5.01 6.95 7.04 7.12 7.17 6.10 6.22 6.34

1.29 1.52 1.56 1.58 1.64 1.70 1.84 1.88 1.92 1.96 2.03 2.07 1.62 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.77 1.84 1.87 1.50 1.54 1.55 1.62 1.70 1.81 1.97 2.00 2.04 2.12 2.24 2.24 2.30 2.34 2.41 2.50 2.53 2.03 2.11 2.18 2.23 3.63 3.75 3.86

52.4 18.6 113 37.7 127 42.3 138 45.5 154 51.1 177 58.0 118 56.9 133 64.2 148 71.1 162 77.7 189 90.3 202 96.3 206 56.6 220 60.5 249 68.1 276 75.5 303 82.6 355 96.0 376 101 364 63.1 411 71.2 447 75.3 503 86.3 591 100 715 120 436 121 485 133 536 147 630 172 764 207 441 158 502 181 552 198 642 228 744 265 781 276 1233 215 1454 252 1654 282 1772 303 1667 813 2037 989 2390 1155

mm

4.5

3.45

6

6

4.43

6

6

5.65

8 7 8 9 10 12 7 8 9 10 12 13 6.5 7 8 9 10 12 13 7 8 9 10 12 15 8 9 10 12 15 8 9 10 12 14 15 10 12 14 15 12 15 18

7.39 8.8 9.4 11.0 12.3 14.4 9.3 10.6 11.8 13.0 15.4 16.5 10.0 10.7 12.2 13.5 15.0 17.8 19.1 12.1 13.8 15.3 17.0 20.2 24.8 14.3 16.4 18.2 21.6 26.6 15.2 17.1 19.0 22.4 26.1 27.7 23.0 27.3 31.6 33.7 32.0 39.6 47.4

63x38


Axis x-x

mm

mm


Axis v-v

Elastic Modulus

Axis Axis x-x y-y

Angle x-x Axis to u-u Axis

cm3

cm3

20.0 3.00 2.01 1.06 2.12 0.820

4.20

1.68

0.362

25.0 3.80 1.99 1.04 2.10 0.820

5.50

2.18

0.358

47.1 8.48 2.38 1.42 2.55

1.08

8.10

3.87

0.436

60.1 128 144 157 175 201 144 163 181 198 230 245 228 244 275 306 336 392 414 386 436 473 533 626 756 484 537 595 698 844 508 579 635 738 856 897 1309 1544 1755 1879 2046 2496 2923

1.07 1.41 1.40 1.38 1.39 1.37 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.58 1.64 1.64 1.63 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.60 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.60 1.59 1.58 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.93 2.17 2.18 2.17 2.15 2.15 2.14 2.17 2.16 2.12 2.14 3.26 3.23 3.22

10.5 16.7 18.9 20.6 23.2 27.0 17.0 19.3 21.6 23.8 28.1 30.2 24.4 26.2 29.7 33.2 36.7 43.4 46.1 37.0 42.1 45.8 52.0 61.6 75.5 43.3 48.2 53.7 63.6 78.1 42.8 49.1 54.1 63.4 74.3 78.2 94.5 112 128 138 120 148 175

5.01 7.56 8.57 9.26 10.5 12.1 10.1 11.4 12.7 14.0 16.5 17.7 9.63 10.3 11.7 13.1 14.4 17.0 17.9 10.5 11.9 12.7 14.7 17.3 21.1 17.2 19.0 21.2 25.0 30.6 20.3 23.5 25.8 30.1 35.3 37.0 27.0 31.9 36.1 39.0 71.5 87.9 104

0.430 0.415 0.414 0.410 0.410 0.404 0.548 0.548 0.546 0.545 0.541 0.539 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.359 0.358 0.354 0.352 0.263 0.263 0.259 0.261 0.259 0.254 0.364 0.361 0.361 0.359 0.354 0.437 0.439 0.437 0.435 0.434 0.431 0.264 0.263 0.261 0.260 0.554 0.552 0.549


cm4

v

y

Cy

kg/m

mm

Area Of Section

u

Cx

r2

t

100x65

Radius Root Toe

r1

AxB

75x50

Mass Per Metre

t

10.9 22.1 24.9 26.8 30.2 34.7 30.7 34.6 38.4 42.2 49.5 53.1 34.4 36.7 41.3 45.8 50.2 58.8 61.9 40.8 45.8 48.7 55.8 65.3 79.2 72.7 80.5 89.2 105 127 90.9 104 114 132 153 161 138 162 182 197 434 530 622

cm

2.36 3.18 3.17 3.14 3.14 3.11 3.15 3.14 3.13 3.12 3.10 3.09 4.02 4.01 4.00 3.99 3.98 3.95 3.93 4.85 4.84 4.79 4.82 4.79 4.75 4.83 4.81 4.81 4.78 4.74 4.77 4.79 4.78 4.74 4.74 4.71 6.48 6.45 6.41 6.41 6.38 6.34 6.30

cm

1.40 1.84 1.83 1.80 1.81 1.78 2.19 2.18 2.17 2.16 2.14 2.13 2.11 2.10 2.10 2.09 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.02 1.97 2.00 1.98 1.95 2.54 2.52 2.52 2.50 2.47 2.86 2.88 2.86 2.83 2.82 2.80 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.65 4.45 4.42 4.38

cm

2.52 3.39 3.38 3.34 3.35 3.30 3.49 3.48 3.46 3.45 3.42 3.40 4.23 4.22 4.21 4.20 4.18 4.16 4.13 5.00 4.99 4.93 4.96 4.93 4.89 5.09 5.06 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.12 5.15 5.13 5.08 5.08 5.04 6.68 6.65 6.60 6.60 7.07 7.02 6.97

cm

BARS

Flat

Unit Weight

Section Area

Section Size

Unit Weight

Section Area

Thickness

Width

M

A

Thickness

Width

M

A

mm 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

mm 12 16 19 25 32 38 50 65 75 100 25 32 35 38 44 50 65 75 100 25 32 35 38 40 44 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 175 200 25 32 38 44 50 65 75 90 100

kg/m 0.283 0.377 0.447 0.589 0.754 0.895 1.18 1.53 1.77 2.36 0.883 1.13 1.24 1.34 1.55 1.77 2.30 2.65 3.53 1.18 1.51 1.65 1.79 1.88 2.07 2.36 3.06 3.53 4.24 4.71 5.89 7.07 8.24 9.42 1.57 2.01 2.39 2.76 3.14 4.08 4.71 5.65 6.28

cm2 0.360 0.480 0.570 0.750 0.960 1.14 1.50 1.95 2.25 3.00 1.13 1.44 1.58 1.71 1.98 2.25 2.93 3.38 4.50 1.50 1.92 2.10 2.28 2.40 2.64 3.00 3.90 4.50 5.40 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.5 12.0 2.00 2.56 3.04 3.52 4.00 5.20 6.00 7.20 8.00

mm 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

mm 125 150 200 19 25 32 38 44 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 180 200 250 300 25 32 38 40 44 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 180 200 250 300 25 32 38 50 65 75 90 100

kg/m 7.85 9.42 12.56 1.34 1.77 2.26 2.68 3.11 3.53 4.59 5.30 6.36 7.07 8.83 10.60 12.72 14.13 17.66 21.20 2.36 3.01 3.58 3.77 4.14 4.71 6.12 7.07 8.48 9.42 11.78 14.13 16.96 18.84 23.55 28.26 3.14 4.02 4.77 6.28 8.16 9.42 11.30 12.56

cm2 10.0 12.0 16.0 1.71 2.25 2.88 3.42 3.96 4.50 5.85 6.75 8.10 9.00 11.3 13.5 16.2 18.0 22.5 27.0 3.00 3.84 4.56 4.80 5.28 6.00 7.80 9.00 10.8 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.6 24.0 30.0 36.0 4.00 5.12 6.08 8.00 10.4 12.0 14.4 16.0


BARS

Section Size

139

BARS

Flat

Section Size

BARS

140

Unit Weight

Section Area

Section Size

Unit Weight

Section Area

Thickness

Width

M

A

Thickness

Width

M

A

mm 16 16 16 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 25 25 25

mm 125 150 200 38 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 50 65 75

kg/m 15.70 18.84 25.12 5.67 7.46 9.69 11.19 13.42 14.92 18.64 22.37 29.83 37.29 44.75 9.81 12.76 14.72

cm2 20.0 24.0 32.0 7.2 9.5 12.4 14.3 17.1 19.0 23.8 28.5 38.0 47.5 57.0 12.5 16.3 18.8

mm 25 25 25 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 36 36 36 36 36

mm 100 125 150 100 125 150 180 200 230 250 280 300 100 125 150 180 200

kg/m 19.63 24.53 29.44 25.12 31.40 37.68 45.22 50.24 57.78 62.80 70.34 75.36 28.26 35.33 42.39 50.87 56.52

cm2 25.0 31.3 37.5 32.0 40.0 48.0 57.6 64.0 73.6 80.0 89.6 96.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 64.8 72.0

25

90

17.66

22.5


BARS

Square

Size a

Designation Mass Per Metre

Area Of Section


Radius Of Gyration

Elastic Modulus

Plastic Modulus

mm

kg/m

Ib/ft

mm2

mm4

mm

mm3

mm3

9

0.64

0.43

81.0

547

2.60

121

182

10

0.79

0.53

100

833

2.89

167

250

12

1.13

0.76

144

1728

3.46

288

432

13

1.33

0.89

169

2380

3.75

366

549

16

2.01

1.35

256

5461

4.62

683

1024

18

2.54

1.71

324

8748

5.20

972

1458

19

2.83

1.90

361

10860

5.48

1143

1715

22

3.80

2.55

484

19520

6.35

1775

2662

25

4.91

3.30

625

32550

7.22

2604

3906

28

6.15

4.14

784

51220

8.08

3659

5488

30

7.07

4.75

900

67500

8.66

4500

6750

32

8.04

5.40

1024

87380

9.24

5461

8192

36

10.17

6.84

1296

140000

10.4

7776

11660

38

11.34

7.62

1444

173800

11.0

9145

13720

40

12.56

8.44

1600

213300

11.5

10670

16000

44

15.20

10.21

1936

312300

12.7

14200

21300

45

15.90

10.68

2025

341700

13.0

15190

22780

50

19.63

13.19

2500

520800

14.4

20830

31250

55

23.75

15.96

3025

762600

15.9

27730

41590

60

28.26

18.99

3600

1080000

17.3

36000

54000

65

33.17

22.29

4225

1488000

18.8

45770

68660

75

44.16

29.67

5625

2637000

21.7

70310

105500

80

50.24

33.76

6400

3413000

23.1

85330

128000

85

56.72

38.11

7225

4350000

24.5

102400

153500

90

63.59

42.73

8100

5468000

26.0

121500

182300

95

70.85

47.61

9025

6788000

27.4

142900

214300

100

78.50

52.75

10000

8333000

28.9

166700

250000


BARS

a

141

BARS

Deformed and Round

Deformed

Round Unit Weight M

Section Area A

Section Size

Unit Weight M

Section Area A

mm 6 8 10 12 13 16 18 19 20 22 25 28 30 32 38 40 50

kg/m 0.222 0.395 0.617 0.888 1.04 1.58 2.00 2.23 2.47 2.98 3.85 4.83 5.55 6.31 8.90 9.86 15.4

cm2 0.283 0.503 0.785 1.13 1.33 2.01 2.54 2.84 3.14 3.80 4.91 6.16 7.07 8.04 11.3 12.6 19.6

mm 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

kg/m 18.7 22.2 26.0 30.2 34.7 39.5 44.5 49.9 55.6 61.7 68.0 74.6 81.5 88.8 96.3 104.2 112.4

cm2 23.8 28.3 33.2 38.5 44.2 50.3 56.7 63.6 70.9 78.5 86.6 95.0 103.9 113.1 122.7 132.7 143.1

140 145 150 160 170 180 190

120.8 129.6 138.7 157.8 178.2 199.8 222.6

153.9 165.1 176.7 201.1 227.0 254.5 283.5

200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 320

246.6 271.9 298.4 326.1 355.1 385 417 449 483 519 555 631

314.2 346.4 380.1 415.5 452 491 531 573 616 661 707 804

BARS

Section Size

Round Section Size

142

Section Area A

mm 6 8 9 10 12 13 14 16

Unit Weight M kg/m 0.222 0.395 0.499 0.617 0.888 1.04 1.21 1.58

18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 35 38 40 42 44 45 50

2.00 2.23 2.47 2.72 2.98 3.55 3.85 4.17 4.83 5.19 5.55 5.92 6.31 7.55 8.90 9.86 10.88 11.9 12.5 15.4

2.54 2.84 3.14 3.46 3.80 4.52 4.91 5.31 6.16 6.61 7.07 7.55 8.04 9.62 11.3 12.6 13.9 15.2 15.9 19.6

cm2 0.283 0.503 0.636 0.785 1.13 1.33 1.54 2.01


PLATES

143

Plates

Product specifications Main specifications ABS Specifications (American Bureau of Shipping Rules) ABS (1998): Rules Requirements for Materials and Welding, Part 2. Ordinary strength hull structural steel plates. Higher strength hull structural steel plates. ASTM Specifications (American Society for Testing of Materials) A36 (1996): Standard specification for Carbon Structural Steel. A283 (1993): Standard specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates A285 (1990): Standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate Tensile Strength. A516 (1990): Standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service. A572 (1997): Standard specification for High-Strength, Low Alloy, Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel.

PLATES

BSI Specifications (British Standards Institute) BS 7191 (1989): Specification for Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures. EN 10028 (1993): Specification for Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes. EN 10113 (1993): Standard specification for Hot rolled products in weldable fine grain structural steels. EN 10137 (1996): Plates and wide flats made of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered or precipitation hardened conditions. EN 10149 (1996): Specification for Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming. EN 10207 (1992): Steels for simple pressure vessels - Technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and bars. JIS Specifications (Japanese Industrial Standards) G 3101 (1991): Rolled steels for general structures. G 3106 (1995): Rolled steels for welded structure. LRS Specifications (Lloyd’s Register of Shipping Rules) LR (1998): Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials.


143

PLATES

141

List of standard specifications Specifications

Yield strength 2

N/mm t<16mm

16
t>40mm

Tensile

Elongation

Charpy V-notch

strength

min. %

Temp. (°C) Energy (J)

2

N/mm

L0=5.65S0

20

0

-20

-40

-50

50mm-200mm 23-20

-

-

-

-

-

GENERAL STRUCTURES ASTM A36 min. 250

400-550

ASTM A283

50mm-200mm

Grade A

min. 165

310-415

30-27

-

-

-

-

Grade B

min. 185

345-450

28-25

-

-

-

-

-

Grade C

min. 205

380-515

25-22

-

-

-

-

-

Grade D

min. 230

415-550

23-20

-

-

-

-

-

ASTM A572

50mm-200mm

Grade 42

min. 290

415

24-20

-

-

-

-

-

Grade 50

min. 345

450

21-18

-

-

-

-

-

Grade 60

min. 415

520

18-16

-

-

-

-

-

Grade 65

min. 450

550

17-15

-

-

-

-

-

S275N

min. 275

370-510

-

-

40

-

27

S355N

min. 355

470-630

-

-

40

-

27

S420N

min. 420

520-680

-

-

40

-

27

S460N

min. 460

550-720

-

-

40

-

27

S275M

min. 275

360-510

-

-

40

-

27

S355M

min. 355

450-610

-

-

40

-

27

S420M

min. 420

500-660

-

-

40

-

27

S460M

min. 460

530-720

-

-

40

-

27

S315MC

min. 315

390-510

24

-

-

40

-

-

S355MC

min. 355

430-550

23

-

-

40

-

-

S420MC

min. 420

480-620

19

-

-

40

-

-

S460MC

min. 460

520-670

17

-

-

40

-

-

S500MC

min. 500

550-700

14

-

-

40

-

-

S550MC

min. 550

600-760

14

-

-

40

-

-

S600MC

min. 600

650-820

13

-

-

40

-

-

EN 10025-3&4 : 2004

PLATES

EN 10149-2

S650MC

650 (t8mm)

620

700-880

12

-

-

40

-

-

S700MC

700 (t8mm)

680

750-950

12

-

-

40

-

-

EN 10149-3 S260NC

min. 260

370-490

30

-

-

40

-

-

S315NC

min. 315

430-550

27

-

-

40

-

-

S355NC

min. 355

470-610

25

-

-

40

-

-

S420NC

min. 420

530-670

23

-

-

40

-

-

JIS G 3101 SS330

205

195

175

330-430

28-21

-

-

-

-

-

SS400

245

235

215

400-510

17-23

-

-

-

-

-

SS490

285

275

255

490-610

15-21

-

-

-

-

-

SS540

400

390

-

min. 540

13-17

-

-

-

-

-

0 °C

JIS G 3106

144

SM400A, B, C

245

235

215

400-510

18-24

B/C 27/47

-

-

-

SM490A, B, C

325

315

295

490-610

17-23

B/C 27/47

-

-

-


PLATES

142

Specifications

Yield strength 2

N/mm

Tensile

Elongation

Charpy V-notch

strength

min. %

Temp. (°C) Energy (J)

2

t<16mm

16
t>40mm N/mm Contd. GENERAL STRUCTURES

L0=5.65S0

Contd. JIS G 3106 SM490YA, YB

365

355

335

490-610

15-21

SM520B, C

365

355

335

520-640

15-21

SM570

460

450

430

570-720

19-26

20

0

-20

-40

-50

0°C YB 27

-5°C -

-

-

B/C 27/47

-

-

-

47

-

-

-

-

BRIDGES, FLOOD GATES, STORAGE TANKS, WATER TANKS, BUILDINGS, CRANE STRUCTURES EN 10025-6 S460Q, QL, QL1

1)

460

1)*

440

1)**

400

1)***

550-720

17

0 -20 -40 40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

S500Q, QL, QL1

1)

500

1)*

480

1)**

440

1)***

590-770

17

40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

S550Q, QL, QL1

1)

550

1)*

530

1)**

490

1)***

640-820

16

40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

S620Q, QL, QL1

1)

620

1)*

580

1)**

560

1)***

700-890

15

40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

S690Q, QL, QL1

1)

690

1)*

650

1)**

630

1)***

760-940

14

40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

S890Q, QL, QL1

1)

890

1)*

880-1100

11

40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

S960Q, QL, QL1

1)

960

980-1150

10

40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40

EN 10137-3

830

-

1)***

-

-

1)***

3mm
0

-20

-40

S500A, AL

2)

500

2)*

480

600-700

17

55/65

40/50

-/40

S550A, AL

2)

550

2)*

530

650-820

16

55/65

40/50

-/40

S620A, AL

2)

620

2)*

580

710-880

15

55/65

40/50

-/40

S690A, AL

2)

690

2)*

650

760-930

14

55/65

40/50

-/40

275

265

-

430-580

22

-

-

40

-

-

275E

275

265

265

430-580

22

-

-

-

40

-

275EZ

275

265

265

430-580

22

-

-

-

40

-

355D

355

345

-

490-640

20

-

-

50

-

-

355E

355

345

-

490-640

20

-

-

-

50

-

355EM

355

345

340

460-620

20

-

-

-

50

-

355EMZ

355

345

340

460-620

20

-

-

-

50

-

450EM

450

415

-

550-700

19

-

-

-

60

-

450EMZ

450

415

-

550-700

19

-

-

-

60

-

PLATES

SPECIAL STEEL BS 7191 275D

HULL STRUCTURES 3)

For thickness t 50mm 27 27 27 -60

ABS Grade A, B, D, E

min. 235

400-550

22

Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 32

min. 315

440-590

22

-

34

34

34

34


min. 355

490-620

21

-

34

34

34

34


min. 390

510-650

20

-

41

41

41

41

Grade A, B, D, E

min. 235

400-520

22

27

27

27

27

-60


min. 315

440-590

22

-

31

31

31

31


min. 355

490-620

21

-

34

34

34

34


min. 390

510-650

20

-

41

41

41

41

-

LR

3)

PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL ASTM A285 Grade A

min. 165

310-450

50mm-200mm 30-27

-

-

-

-

Grade B

min. 185

345-485

28-25

-

-

-

-

-

Grade C

min. 205

380-515

27-23

-

-

-

-

-


145

PLATES

143

Specifications

Yield strength 2 N/mm t<16mm

Tensile Strength

Elongation min. %

2

16
t>40mm N/mm Contd. PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL

Charpy V-notch Temp. (°C) Energy (J) 20

0

-20

-40

-50

ASTM A516 Grade 55

min. 205

380-515

50mm-200mm 27-23

-

-

-

-

-

Grade 60

min. 220

415-550

25-21

-

-

-

-

-

Grade 65

min. 240

450-585

23-19

-

-

-

-

-

Grade 70

min. 260

485-620

21-17

-

-

-

-

-

EN 10028-2 P235GH

235

225

4)

215

4)

360-480

25

-

27

-

-

-

245

4)

410-530

23

-

27

-

-

-

P265GH

265

255

4)

P295GH

295

290

4)

285

4)

460-580

22

-

27

-

-

P355GH

355

345

4)

335

4)

510-650

21

-

27

-

-

-

16 Mo 3

275

270

4)

260

4)

440-590

24-23

31

-

-

-

-

13 CrMo 4-5

300

4)

450-600

20

31

-

-

-

-

4)

480-630

18

31

-

-

-

-

18

31

-

-

-

-

55

47

40

-

-

63

55

47

34

27

NL2

100

90

65

40

30

N, NH

55

47

40

-

-

63

55

47

34

27

NL2

100

90

65

40

30

N, NH

55

47

40

-

-

63

55

47

34

27

100

90

65

40

30

10 CrMo 9-10

4)

310

295 4)

300

11 CrMo 9-10

290

min. 310

520-670

70mm 70-150

EN 10028-3 P275

N, NH NL1

P355

NL1 PLATES

P460

NL1

275

5)

275

355

5)

355

460

5)

450

265

345

440

5)*

5)*

5)*

390-510

490-630

570-720

24

23

22

21

17

16

NL2 EN 10028-4

t<30mm

30mm
t<50mm

11 MnNi 5-3

6)

285

6)*

275

420-530

24

70

60

55

50

45

13 MnNi 6-3

6)

355

6)*

345

490-610

22

70

60

55

50

45

15 MnNi 6

6)

355

6)*

345

490-640

22

65

65

65

60

50

12 Ni 14

6)

355

6)*

345

490-640

22

65

60

55

55

50

12 Ni 19

6)

390

6)*

380

530-710

20

70

70

70

65

65

X8 Ni9 HT 640

6)

490

6)*

480

640-840

18

70

70

70

70

70

X8 Ni9 HT 680

6)

585

6)*

575

680-820

18

120 120 120 120 120

X7 Ni 9

6)

585

6)*

575

680-820

18

120 120 120 120 120

450-610

22

EN 10028-5 P355

M ML1

355

7)

355

345

ML2 P420

M ML1

420

7)

400

390

500-660

19

ML2 P460

M ML1

460

7)

440

430

530-720

17

ML2

60

40

27

-

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

60

40

27

-

-

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

60

40

27

-

-

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

60

40

27

-

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

EN 10028-6 P355

-60

Q, QH QL1

8)

355

8)*

335

8)**

315

8)***

490-630

QL2

146

-


22

-

PLATES

144

Specifications

Yield strength 2 N/mm t<16mm

Tensile strength

Elongation min. %

2

16
t>40mm N/mm Contd. PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL

Contd. EN 10028-6 P460 Q, QH QL1

8)

460

8)*

440

8)**

400

8)***

500-720

Charpy V-notch Temp. (°C) Energy (J) 20

0

-20

-40

-50

60

40

27

-

-60 -

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

60

40

27

-

-

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

60

40

27

-

-

-

60

40

27

-

-

80

60

40

27

-

19

QL2 P500

Q, QH QL1

8)

500

8)*

480

8)**

440

8)***

590-770

17

QL2 P690

Q, QH QL1

8)

690

8)*

670

8)**

630

8)***

770-940

14

QL2 PRESSURE VESSELS, LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICE EN 10207 P235S

235

225

215

360-480

3-40mm 40-60 26 25

-

-

28

-

P265S

265

255

245

410-530

22

22

-

-

28

-

-

P275SL

275

265

255

390-510

24

24

-

-

-

-

28

Table 25 – Plates: List of standards specifications 1)

For t50mm. For 50
1)**

For 100150mm, see EN 10137-2.

1)***

For t100mm. For t>100mm, see EN 10137-2.

2)

For t50mm.

PLATES

1)*

2)*

For 50
3)

For LR and ABS plates the difference between A, B, D, E, F grades are the impact tests. They are made at the following temperatures:

4)

A grade

+20 °C

E/EH grade

B/AH grade

0 °C

FH grade -60 °C

D/DH grade

-20 °C

-40 °C

For plates thicker than 60mm, see EN 10028-2:1992.

5)


5)*


6)

For t30mm.

6)*

For 30
7)

Maximum thickness 63mm.

8)

For t50mm

8)*

For 50
8)**

For 100
8)***

For t100mm. For 100

147

PLATES

145

Mild Steel Plates 2

2

Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft Width x Length (ft) Thickness Weight 2

4x8

4 x 16

5 x 10

5 x 20 Weight / pc

6 x 20

8 x 20

10 x 30

PLATES

mm

kg/ft

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

1.2 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.6 3 3.2 4.0 4.5 5 6 6.35 7.5 8 9 9.53 10 12 12.7 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 24 25

0.875 1.094 1.167 1.386 1.677 1.896 2.188 2.334 2.917 3.282 3.647 4.376 4.631 5.470 5.834 6.564 6.950 7.293 8.752 9.262 9.481 10.21 10.94 11.67 13.13 13.86 14.59 15.32 16.04 17.50 18.23

28.0 35.0 37.3 44.3 53.7 60.7 70.0 74.7 93.3 105 117 140 148 175 187 210 222 233 280 296 303 327 350 373 420 443 467 490 513 560 583

187 210 233 280 296 350 373 420 445 467 560 593 607 653 700 747 840 887 934 980 1027 1120 1167

43.8 54.7 58.3 69.3 83.9 94.8 109 117 146 164 182 219 232 273 292 328 348 365 438 463 474 511 547 583 656 693 729 766 802 875 912

219 292 328 365 438 463 547 583 656 695 729 875 926 948 1021 1094 1167 1313 1386 1459 1532 1604 1750 1823

350 394 438 525 556 656 700 788 834 875 1050 1111 1138 1225 1313 1400 1575 1663 1750 1838 1925 2100 2188

700 741 875 934 1050 1112 1167 1400 1482 1517 1634 1750 1867 2100 2217 2334 2450 2567 2801 2917

1313 1389 1641 1750 1969 2085 2188 2625 2779 2844 3063 3282 3501 3938 4157 4376 4595 4813 5251 5470

25.4 28 29 30 32 35 36 38 40 44 45 50 55 57 60 63.5 65 70 75

18.52 20.42 21.15 21.88 23.34 25.53 26.25 27.71 29.17 32.09 32.82 36.47 40.11 41.57 43.76 46.31 47.40 51.05 54.70

593 653 677 700 747 817 840 887 934 1027 1050 1167 1284 1330 1400 1482 1517 1634 1750

1186 1307 1354 1400 1494 1634 1680 1774 1867 2054 2100 2334 2567 2660 2801 2964 3034 3267 3501

926 1021 1057 1094 1167 1277 1313 1386 1459 1605 1641 1823 2006 2079 2188 2316 2370 2553 2735

1852 2042 2115 2188 2334 2553 2625 2771 2917 3209 3282 3647 4011 4157 4376 4631 4740 5105 5470

2223 2450 2538 2625 2801 3064 3151 3326 3501 3851 3938 4376 4813 4988 5251 5557 5689 6126 6564

2964 3267 3384 3501 3734 4085 4201 4434 4668 5134 5251 5834 6418 6651 7001 7410 7585 8168 8752

5557 6126 6345 6564 7001 7659 7876 8314 8752 9627 9846 10940 12033 12471 13127 13893 14221 15315 16409

Contd. from previous page 2

2

Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft

148


PLATES

146

Width x Length (ft) Thickness Weight 2

4x8

4 x 16

5 x 10

5 x 20 Weight / pc

6 x 20

8 x 20

10 x 30

mm

kg/ft

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

80 90 100 110 120

58.34 65.64 72.93 80.22 87.52

1867 2100 2334 2567 2801

3734 4201 4668 5134 5601

2917 3282 3647 4011 4376

5834 6564 7293 8022 8752

7001 7876 8752 9627 10502

9335 10502 11669 12836 14003

17503 19691 21879 24067 26255

125 130 140 150

91.16 94.81 102.1 109.4

2917 3034 3267 3501

5834 6068 6535 7001

4558 4740 5105 5470

9116 9481 10210 10940

10940 11377 12252 13127

14586 15169 16336 17503

27349 28443 30631 32819

Table 26 – Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates

Chequered Plates 2

2

Metric units 8.08kg/mm m - 0.7507 kg/mm ft Weight

mm

kg/ft

2.3 3

2

4x 8

4 x 10

4 x 16

4 x 20

5 x 10

5 x 20

Weight / pc kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

Kg

1.73 2.25

55.2 72.0

69.1 90.1

111 144

138 180

86.3 113

-

3.2

2.40

76.8

96.1

154

192

120

-

4

3.00

96.1

120

192

240

150

-

4.3

3.23

103

129

207

258

161

-

4.5

3.38

108

135

216

270

169

-

5

3.75

120

150

240

300

188

-

5.8

4.35

139

174

279

348

218

435

6

4.50

144

180

288

360

225

450

7.5

5.63

180

225

360

450

282

563

8

6.01

192

240

384

480

300

601

9

6.76

216

270

432

541

338

676

12

9.01

288

360

576

721

450

901

PLATES

Width x Length (ft) Thickness

Table 27 – Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates


149

Plates

Metric units 7.85kg/mm m2 - 0.7293 kg/mm ft2 Thickness

Width x Length (ft) 4x8 Weight / pc

mm

M kg/ft2

5 x 10

5 x 20

6 x 20

8 x 20

10 x 30

kg

1.2

0.875

28.0

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

-

43.8

-

-

-

1.5

1.094

-

35.0

-

54.7

-

-

-

1.6

-

1.167

37.3

-

58.3

-

-

-

-

1.9

1.386

44.3

-

69.3

-

-

-

-

2.3

1.677

53.7

-

83.9

-

-

-

-

2.6

1.896

60.7

-

94.8

-

-

-

-

3

2.188

70.0

-

109

219

-

-

-

3.2

2.334

74.7

-

117

-

-

-

-

4.5

3.282

105

210

164

328

394

-

-

5

3.647

117

233

182

365

438

-

-

6

4.376

140

280

219

438

525

700

1313

7

5.105

163

327

255

511

613

817

1532

8

5.834

187

373

292

583

700

934

1750

9

6.564

210

420

328

656

788

1050

1969

10

7.293

233

467

365

729

875

1167

2188

11

8.022

257

513

401

802

963

1284

2407

t

PLATES

150

Unit Weight

4 x 16

12

8.752

280

560

438

875

1050

1400

2625

12.7

9.262

296

593

463

926

1111

1482

2779

13

9.481

303

607

474

948

1138

1517

2844

14

10.21

327

653

511

1021

1225

1634

3063

15

10.94

350

700

547

1094

1313

1750

3282

16

11.67

373

747

583

1167

1400

1867

3501

17

12.40

397

793

620

1240

1488

1984

3719

18

13.13

420

840

656

1313

1575

2100

3938

19

13.86

443

887

693

1386

1663

2217

4157

20

14.59

467

934

729

1459

1750

2334

4376

21

15.32

490

980

766

1532

1838

2450

4595

22

16.04

513

1027

802

1604

1925

2567

4813

23

16.77

537

1074

839

1677

2013

2684

5032

24

17.50

560

1120

875

1750

2100

2801

5251

25

18.23

583

1167

912

1823

2188

2917

5470


Plates

Metric units 7.85kg/mm m2 - 0.7293 kg/mm ft2 Unit

Width x Length (ft)

Weight

4x8 Weight / pc

mm

M kg/ft2

4 x 16

5 x 10

5 x 20

6 x 20

8 x 20

10 x 30

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

25.4 26

18.52

593

1186

926

1852

2223

2964

5557

18.96

607

1214

948

1896

2275

3034

5689

27

19.69

630

1260

985

1969

2363

3151

5907

28

20.42

653

1307

1021

2042

2450

3267

6126

29

21.15

677

1354

1057

2115

2538

3384

6345

30

21.88

700

1400

1094

2188

2625

3501

6564

32

23.34

747

1494

1167

2334

2801

3734

7001

34

24.80

793

1587

1240

2480

2976

3967

7439

36

26.25

840

1680

1313

2625

3151

4201

7876

38

27.71

887

1774

1386

2771

3326

4434

8314

40

29.17

934

1867

1459

2917

3501

4668

8752

45

32.82

1050

2100

1641

3282

3938

5251

9846

50

36.47

1167

2334

1823

3647

4376

5834

10940

55

40.11

1284

2567

2006

4011

4813

6418

12033

60

43.76

1400

2801

2188

4376

5251

7001

13127

65

47.40

1517

3034

2370

4740

5689

7585

14221

70

51.05

1634

3267

2553

5105

6126

8168

15315

75

54.70

1750

3501

2735

5470

6564

8752

16409

80

58.34

1867

3734

2917

5834

7001

9335

17503

t

90

65.64

2100

4201

3282

6564

7876

10502

19691

100

72.93

2334

4668

3647

7293

8752

11669

21879

110

80.22

2567

5134

4011

8022

9627

12836

24067

120

87.52

2801

5601

4376

8752

10502

14003

26255

125

91.16

2917

5834

4558

9116

10940

14586

27349

130

94.81

3034

6068

4740

9481

11377

15169

28443

140 150

102.1 109.4

3267 3501

6535 7001

5105 5470

10210 10940

12252 13127

16336 17503

30631 32819


PLATES

Thickness

151

PLATES

152


PIPES

JIS G 3452-1988 (SGP)

Nominal size A B

Outside Diameter mm in

Thickness mm in

Unit Weight (plain end) lb/ft kg/m

6

1/8

10.5

0.413

2.0

0.079

0.282

0.419

8

1/4

13.8

0.543

2.3

0.090

0.438

0.652

10

3/8

17.3

0.681

2.3

0.090

0.572

0.851

15

1/2

21.7

0.854

2.8

0.110

0.880

1.31

20

3/4

27.2

1.07

2.8

0.110

1.13

1.68

25

1

34.0

1.34

3.2

0.126

1.63

2.43

32

1 1/4

42.7

1.68

3.5

0.138

2.27

3.38

40

1 1/2

48.6

1.91

3.5

0.138

2.61

3.89

50

2

60.5

2.38

3.8

0.150

3.57

5.31

65

2 1/2

76.3

3.00

4.2

0.165

5.02

7.47

80

3

89.1

3.51

4.2

0.165

5.91

8.79

90

3 1/2

102

4.00

4.2

0.165

6.79

10.1

100

4

114

4.50

4.5

0.177

8.20

12.2

125

5

140

5.50

4.5

0.177

10.1

15.0

150

6

165

6.50

5.0

0.197

13.3

19.8

175

7

191

7.51

5.3

0.209

16.3

24.2

200

8

216

8.52

5.8

0.228

20.2

30.1

225

9

242

9.52

6.2

0.244

24.2

36.0

250

10

267

10.5

6.6

0.260

28.5

42.4

300

12

319

12.5

6.9

0.272

35.6

53.0

350

14

356

14.0

7.9

0.311

45.5

67.7

400

16

406

16.0

7.9

0.311

52.1

77.6

450

18

457

18.0

7.9

0.311

58.7

87.5

500

20

508

20.0

7.9

0.311

65.4

97.4

Tensile Strength : 290N/mm 2 Welded steel Pipes Class Extra Light (AA) Nominal

of thread in.

bore mm

in.

mm

in.

1/2

15

0.84

21.4

3/4

20

1.06

26.9

1

25

1.33

1 1/4

32

1 1/2

Outside diameter of black pipe max.

Thickness

min in.

mm

0.83

21

0.063

1.6

0.52

0.773

1.04

26.4

0.063

1.6

0.666

0.99

33.8

1.31

33.2

0.075

1.9

0.994

1.48

1.67

42.5

1.65

41.9

0.075

1.9

1.27

1.89

40

1.9

48.4

1.88

47.8

0.075

1.9

1.45

2.16

2

50

2.3

60.2

2.35

59.6

0.075

1.9

1.83

2.72

2 1/2

65

2.99

76

2.96

75.2

0.075

1.9

2.31

3.45

3

80

3.49

88.7

3.46

87.9

0.083

2.1

3

4.46

3 1/2

90

3.98

102

3.95

101.1

0.083

2.1

3.46

5.15

4

100

4.48

113.9

4.45

113

0.091

2.3

4.23

6.31

5

125

5.53

140.6

5.46

138.7

0.157

4.0

8.99

13.4

6

150

6.54

166.1

6.46

164.1

0.157

4.0

10.7

15.9


lb/ft

Plain end kg/m

mm

PIPES

Designation

153

PIPES

BS 1387-1985

Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads Tube

Outside diameter of black pipe max. min in. mm in. mm

Nominal bore mm

in.

mm

1/8

6

0.383

10.1

0.369

9.7

0.072

1.8

1/4

8

0.532

13.6

0.518

13.2

0.072

1.8

3/8

10

0.671

17.1

0.656

16.7

0.072

1.8

1/2

15

0.841

21.4

0.825

21.0

0.080

2.0

3/4

20

1.059

26.9

1.041

26.4

0.092

2.3

1

25

1.328

33.8

1.309

33.2

0.104

2.6

1 1/4

32

1.670

42.5

1.650

41.9

1.104

2.6

1 1/2

40

1.903

48.4

1.882

47.8

0.116

2.9

2

50

2.347

60.2

2.307

59.6

0.116

2.9

2 1/2

65

2.991

76.0

2.960

75.2

0.128

3.2

3

80

3.491

88.7

3.460

87.9

0.128

3.2

4

100

4.481

113.9

4.450

113.0

0.144

3.6

1/8

6

0.411

10.4

0.386

9.8

0.080

2.0

1/4

8

0.547

13.9

0.522

13.3

0.092

2.3

3/8

10

0.685

17.4

0.660

16.8

0.092

2.3

1/2

15

0.856

21.7

0.831

21.1

0.104

2.6

3/4

20

1.072

27.2

1.047

26.6

0.104

2.6

1

25

1.346

34.2

1.316

33.4

0.128

3.2

1 1/4

32

1.687

42.9

1.657

42.1

0.128

3.2

1 1/2

40

1.919

48.8

1.889

48.0

0.128

3.2

2

50

2.394

60.8

2.354

59.8

0.144

3.6

2 1/2

65

3.014

76.6

2.969

75.4

0.144

3.6

3

80

3.524

89.5

3.469

88.1

0.160

4.0

4

100

4.524

114.9

4.459

113.3

0.176

4.5

5

125

5.534

140.6

5.459

138.7

0.192

5.0

6

150

6.539

166.1

6.459

164.1

0.192

5.0

1/8

6

0.411

10.4

0.386

9.8

0.104

2.7

1/4

8

0.547

13.9

0.522

13.3

0.116

2.9

3/8

10

0.685

17.4

0.660

16.8

0.116

2.9

1/2

15

0.856

21.7

0.831

21.1

0.128

3.2

3/4

20

1.072

27.2

1.047

26.6

0.128

3.2

1

25

1.346

34.2

1.316

33.4

0.160

4.0

1 1/4

32

1.687

42.9

1.657

42.1

0.160

4.0

1 1/2

40

1.919

48.8

1.889

48.0

0.160

4.0

2

50

2.394

60.8

2.354

59.8

0.176

4.5

2 1/2

65

3.014

76.6

2.969

75.4

0.176

4.5

3

80

3.524

89.5

3.469

88.1

0.192

5.0

4

100

4.524

114.9

4.459

113.3

0.212

5.4

5

125

5.534

140.6

5.459

138.7

0.212

5.4

6

150

6.539

166.1

6.459

164.1

0.212

5.4

Light (A)

Medium (B)

Heavy (C)

PIPES

Yield Strength : 195 N/mm2 Tensile Strength : 320 to 460 N/mm2

154

Thickness

Designation of thread in.


PIPES

Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads

Light (A)

Medium (B)

Heavy (C)

Weight of black pipe Plain end Screwed and socketed lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m

Ordinary sockets Min. outside dia. Min. length in. mm in. mm

0.243

0.361

0.245

0.364

19/32

15.0

3/4

19

0.347

0.517

0.350

0.521

23/32

18.5

1 1/16

27

0.453

0.674

0.457

0.680

7/8

22.0

1 1/8

28

0.640

0.952

0.646

0.961

1 1/16

27.0

1 7/16

37

0.944

1.410

0.954

1.420

1 9/32

32.5

1 9/16

39

1.350

2.010

1.360

2.030

1 9/16

39.5

1 13/16

46

1.730

2.580

1.750

2.610

1 15/16

49.0

2

51

2.190

3.250

2.220

3.290

2 3/16

56.0

2

51

2.760

4.110

2.810

4.180

2 11/16

68.0

2 3/8

60

3.900

5.800

3.980

5.920

3 5/16

84.0

2 11/16

69

4.580

6.810

4.690

6.980

3 7/8

98.0

2 15/16

75

6.640

9.890

6.840

10.200

4 7/8

124.0

3 7/16

87

0.273

0.407

0.275

0.410

19/32

15.0

3/4

19

0.437

0.650

0.440

0.654

23/32

18.5

1 1/16

27

0.573

0.852

0.577

0.858

7/8

22.0

1 1/8

28

0.822

1.220

0.828

1.230

1 1/16

27.0

1 7/16

37

1.060

1.580

1.070

1.590

1 9/32

32.5

1 9/16

39

1.640

2.440

1.650

2.460

1 9/16

39.5

1 13/16

46

2.110

3.140

2.130

3.170

1 15/16

49.0

2

51

2.430

3.610

2.460

3.650

2 3/16

56.0

2

51

3.420

5.100

3.470

5.170

2 11/16

68.0

2 3/8

60

4.380

6.510

4.460

6.630

3 5/16

84.0

2 11/16

69

5.690

8.470

5.800

8.640

3 7/8

98.0

2 15/16

75

8.140

12.100

8.340

12.400

4 7/8

124.0

3 7/16

87

10.900

16.200

11.200

16.700

5 15/16

151.0

3 3/4

96

12.900

19.200

13.300

19.800

7

178.0

3 3/4

96

0.331

0.493

0.333

0.496

19/32

15.0

3/4

19

0.517

0.769

0.520

0.773

23/32

18.5

1 1/16

27

0.686

1.020

0.690

1.030

7/8

22.0

1 1/8

28

0.977

1.450

0.983

1.460

1 1/16

27.0

1 7/16

37

1.270

1.900

1.280

1.910

1 9/32

32.5

1 9/16

39

2.000

2.970

2.010

2.990

1 9/16

39.5

1 13/16

46

2.580

3.840

2.600

3.870

1 15/16

49.0

2

51

2.980

4.430

3.010

4.470

2 3/16

56.0

2

51

4.140

6.170

4.190

6.240

2 11/16

68.0

2 3/8

60

5.310

7.900

5.390

8.020

3 5/16

84.0

2 11/16

69

6.760

10.100

6.870

10.300

3 7/8

98.0

2 15/16

75

9.710

14.400

9.910

14.700

4 7/8

124.0

3 7/16

87

12.000

17.800

12.300

18.300

5 15/16

151.0

3 3/4

96

14.300

21.200

14.700

21.800

7

178.0

3 3/4

96

PIPES

Tube

Yield Strength : 195 N/mm2 Tensile Strength : 320 to 460 N/mm2


155

PIPES

153

API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) API Specification 5L line pipes (1991 edition); seamless and welded line pipes for conveying water, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and for the construction of chemical and industrial plants, oil refineries etc. ASTM A53 (1997 edition) Steel pipes, black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded and seamless, with nominal (average) diameter from 1/8” - 26”. Please note that API 5L pipes might be heat-treated, ASTM A53 pipes are all cold formed.

Chemical composition The chemical composition of the API 5L and ASTM A53 pipes are shown below. Delivery condition API 5L S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W W W W ASTM A53 S-W S-W F

Grade

C max. %

Mn max. %

P max. %

S max. %

A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80

0.22 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.18

0.90 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.60 1.80

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.018

A B

0.25 0.30 -

0.95 1.20 -

0.05 0.05 0.08

0.06 0.06 0.06

Notes: S = Seamless, W = electric-resistance Welded, F = Furnace-welded

Table 28 – API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition

Mechanical properties The mechanical properties for the API 5L and ASTM A53 pipes are shown in Table 29 below.

PIPES

Delivery condition API 5L S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W W W W ASTM A53 S-W S-W F

Grade

Min. Yield strength 2 N/mm

Min. Tensile strength 2 N/mm

A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80

207 241 289 317 358 386 413 448 482 551

331 413 413 434 455 489 517 530 565 620-827

A B

205 240 170

330 415 310

Table 29 – API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties

The tables on the following pages show the available sizes with outside diameter, plain end weight, wall thickness, designation, and hydrostatic test pressure.

156


PIPES

154

Section sizes OD = outer diameter, ID = inner diameter = Sizes only from ASTM A53 (1997). Schedule Nos. are taken from ASTM A53. ASTM sizes do not have an alternative size or grades X42 to X80. Wall thickness

Unit weight

ID

inch mm

Sch. No (Class)

t mm

kg/m

mm

1/8 10.3

40(Std) 80(XS)

1.7 2.4

0.36 0.47

6.9 5.5

1/4 13.7

40(Std) 80(XS)

2.2 3.0

0.62 0.79

3/8 17.2

40(Std) 80(XS)

2.3 3.2

Butt weld

Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa. A

B

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

700 850

700 850

700 850

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.3 7.7

700 850

700 850

700 850

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.84 1.10

12.5 10.1

700 850

700 850

700 850

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1/2

40(Std)

2.8

1.28

15.7

700

700

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

21.3

80(XS) 160 (XXS)

3.7 4.8 7.5

1.61 1.95 2.55

13.9 11.7 6.3

850 900 1000

850 900 1000

850 900 1000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3/4 26.7

40(Std) 80(XS) 160 (XXS)

2.9 3.9 5.6 7.8

1.70 2.19 2.89 3.64

20.9 18.9 15.5 11.1

700 850 950 1000

700 850 950 1000

700 850 950 1000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 33.4

40 (Std) 80 (XS) 160 (XXS)

3.4 4.5 6.4 9.1

2.52 3.21 4.23 5.45

26.6 24.4 20.7 15.2

700 850 1000 -

700 850 950 1000

700 850 950 1000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 1/4 42.2

40 (Std) 80 (XS) 160 (XXS)

3.6 4.9 6.4 9.7

3.43 4.51 5.60 7.77

35.0 32.4 29.5 22.8

1000 1300 1400 -

1200 1800 1900 2200

1300 1900 2000 2300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 1/2 48.3

40 (Std) 80 (XS) 160 (XXS)

3.7 5.1 7.1 10.2

4.07 5.43 7.23 9.58

40.9 38.1 34.0 27.9

-

1200 1800 1950 2200

1300 1900 2050 2300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.1

3.01

56.1

2.8

3.97

54.6

3.2

4.51

53.9

3.6

5.03

53.1

3.9

5.42

52.5

4.4

6.07

51.5

4.8

6.57

50.7

5.5

7.43

49.3

6.4

8.51

47.5

7.1

9.31

46.1

Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

1260 1570 1650 2070 1890 2370 2140 2500 2330 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

1470 1830 1930 2410 2210 2500 2490 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

1760 2200 2310 2890 2650 3000 2990 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1930 2410 2530 3000 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2180 2730 2860 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2350 2940 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2520 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2730 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2940 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2 3/8 60.3 (Std)

40 (Std)

80 (XS)


PIPES

Size OD

157

PIPES

155

Size OD

Wall thickness

inch mm

Sch. no (Class)

t mm

kg/m

mm

2 3/8 60.3

160

8.7

11.10

42.8

(XXS)

11.1

13.47

38.1

2.1

3.67

68.8

2.8

4.85

67.4

3.2

5.51

66.6

3.6

6.16

65.8

4.0

6.81

65.0

4.4

7.44

64.2

4.8

8.07

63.4

5.2

8.69

62.6

5.5

9.16

62.0

6.4

10.51

60.2

80 (XS)

7.0

11.39

59.0

160

9.5

14.89

54.0

(XXS)

14.0

20.37

45.0

2.1

4.50

84.7

2.8

5.95

83.3

3.2

6.76

82.5

3.6

7.57

81.7

4.0

8.37

80.9

4.4

9.17

80.1

4.8

9.95

79.3

5.5

11.31

77.9

6.4

13.02

76.1

7.1

14.32

74.7

7.6

15.24

73.7

2 7/8 73.0

40 (Std)

3 88.9 PIPES

40 (Std)

80 (XS)

158

Unit weight

Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.

ID A

B

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

2500 2500 2500

2500 2500 2500

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

1040 1300 1360 1710 1570 1960 1770 2210 1950 2440 2150 2500 2350 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

1210 1520 1590 1990 1830 2280 2060 2500 2280 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

1460 1820 1910 2390 2190 2740 2470 3000 2730 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1590 1990 2090 2620 2400 3000 2710 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1800 2250 2370 2960 2710 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1940 2430 2550 3000 2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2030 2600 2730 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2250 2810 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2430 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2770 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

850 1070 1120 1400 1290 1610 1450 1810 1600 2010 1770 2210 1930 2420 2220 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

1000 1250 1310 1640 1500 1880 1690 2120 1870 2340 2060 2500 2260 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

1200 1490 1570 1960 1800 2250 2030 2540 2250 2810 2480 3000 2710 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1310 1640 1720 2150 1970 2460 2220 2780 2460 3000 2710 3000 2970 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1480 1850 1940 2430 2230 2790 2510 3000 2780 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1590 1990 2090 2620 2400 3000 2710 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1710 2130 2240 2800 2570 3000 2900 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1850 2310 2430 3000 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1990 2490 2620 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2270 2840 2990 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000


PIPES

156

Size OD

Wall thickness

inch mm

Sch. no (Class)

t mm

kg/m

mm

A

B

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

3

160

11.1

21.30

66.6

Std.

2500

2500

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Alt. Std. Alt.

2500 2500

2500 2500

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

3000 3000

Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

750 930 980 1230 1130 1410 1270 1590 1400 1760 1550 1940 1690 2120 2930 2540 2250 2800 2530 2800 2800 2800

870 1090 1140 1430 1310 1640 1480 1850 1640 2050 1810 2260 1970 2470 2370 2800 2630 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1050 1310 1370 1720 1580 1970 1780 2220 1970 2460 2170 2710 2370 2960 2850 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1150 1430 1500 1880 1730 2160 1950 2430 2150 2690 2370 2970 2590 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1290 1620 1700 2130 1950 2440 2200 2750 2430 3000 2680 3000 2930 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1390 1740 1830 2290 2100 2630 2370 2960 2620 3000 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1490 1870 1960 2450 2250 2810 2540 3000 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1620 2020 2130 2660 2440 3000 2750 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1740 2180 2290 2860 2630 3000 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1990 2460 2620 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

660 830 1000 1250 1130 1410 1250 1560 1380 1720 1500 1880 1620 2030 1750 2190 1900 2370 2000 2500 2250 2800 2500 2800 2700 2800

770 970 1170 1460 1320 1650 1460 1820 1610 2010 1750 2190 1890 2370 2040 2560 2210 2770 2330 2800 2620 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

930 1160 1400 1750 1580 1970 1750 2180 1930 2410 2110 2630 2270 2840 2450 3000 2650 3000 2800 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1020 1270 1530 1920 1730 2160 1910 2390 2110 2640 2310 2880 2490 3000 2690 3000 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1150 1440 1730 2170 1960 2440 2160 2700 2390 2980 2610 3000 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1240 1550 1870 2330 2110 2630 2330 2910 2570 3000 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1330 1660 2000 2500 2260 2820 2500 3000 2750 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1440 1800 2170 2710 2440 3000 2700 3000 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1550 1940 2330 2920 2630 3000 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1770 2210 2670 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

88.9 (XXS) 4 101.6

40 (Std)

80 (XS) 4 114.30

40 (Std)

80 (XS)


ID

15.2

27.63

58.5

2.1

5.15

97.4

2.8

6.82

96.0

3.2

7.76

95.2

3.6

8.70

94.4

4.0

9.63

93.6

4.4

10.55

92.8

4.8

11.46

92.0

5.7

13.48

90.2

6.4

15.02

88.8

7.1

16.55

87.4

8.1

18.68

85.4

2.1

5.81

110.1

3.2

8.77

107.9

3.6

9.83

107.1

4.0

10.88

106.3

4.4

11.92

105.5

4.8

12.96

104.7

5.2

13.99

103.9

5.6

15.01

103.1

6.0

16.02

102.3

6.4

17.03

101.5

7.1

18.77

100.1

7.9

20.73

98.5

8.6

22.42

97.1


X80

PIPES

Unit weight

159

PIPES

157

Size OD

Wall thickness

Unit weight

inch mm

Sch. no (Class)

t mm

kg/m

mm

4

120

11.1

28.25

92.1

160

13.5

33.56

87.3

(XXS)

17.1

40.99

80.1


ID

114.30

B

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

2800

2800

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

Alt. Std. Alt. Std. Alt.

2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

5 9/16

2.1

7.21

137.1

Std.

540

630

750

820

930

1000

1040

1160

1250

1430

141.3

3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.6 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 12.7 15.9 19.1

10.90 13.54 16.16 18.74 21.92 23.50 25.99 28.45 30.88 40.28 49.17 57.56

134.9 133.3 131.7 130.1 128.1 127.1 125.5 123.9 122.3 115.9 109.5 103.1

Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std. Std.

810 1010 1220 1420 1670 1820 2020 2230 2430 2800 2800 2800

940 1180 1420 1650 1950 2120 2360 2600 2800 2800 2800 2800

1130 1410 1700 1990 2340 2550 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1240 1550 1870 2170 2560 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1400 1750 2110 2460 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1500 1910 2270 2650 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1630 2020 2430 2830 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1750 2120 2640 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1890 2360 2840 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2160 2690 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

40

80 (XS) 120 160 (XXS)

Size

Wall thickness

OD inch mm

Sch. No. (Class)

6 5/8 168.3

PIPES

40

80 (XS) 120 160 (XXS) 8 5/8 219.1

160

A Std.

Unit

Hydrostatic test pressure

weight

ID

Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.

mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

2.1 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 11.0 12.7 14.3 15.9 18.3 19.1 21.9 22.2

8.61 11.43 13.03 14.62 16.21 17.78 19.35 20.91 22.47 25.55 28.22 31.25 34.24 37.20 42.67 48.73 54.31 59.76 67.69 70.27 79.10 79.98

164.1 162.7 161.9 161.1 160.3 159.5 158.7 157.9 157.1 155.5 154.1 152.5 150.9 149.3 146.3 142.9 139.7 136.5 131.7 130.1 124.4 123.9

450 590 680 770 850 930 1020 1100 1190 1360 1520 1700 1870 2040 2350 2720 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

560 740 850 960 1060 1170 1280 1380 1490 1700 1900 2120 2340 2550 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

530 690 790 890 990 1090 1190 1290 1390 1580 1780 1980 2180 2380 2740 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

660 860 990 1120 1240 1360 1490 1610 1740 1980 2220 2470 2500 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

790 1040 1190 1340 1480 1640 1790 1930 2080 2380 2660 2970 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

860 1140 1300 1470 1620 1790 1960 2110 2280 2600 2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

980 1280 1470 1660 1840 2030 2210 2390 2580 2940 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1050 1380 1580 1790 1980 2180 2380 2570 2780 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1130 1480 1700 1920 2120 2340 2550 2760 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1220 1600 1840 2080 2300 2530 2770 2990 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1320 1730 1980 2230 2470 2730 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1500 1970 2260 2550 2830 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3.2 4.0 4.8 5.2

17.04 21.22 25.37 27.43

212.7 211.1 209.5 208.7

520 650 780 850

650 810 980 1060

610 760 920 990

760 950 1140 1240

910 1140 1370 1480

1000 1250 1500 1620

1130 1410 1700 1840

1220 1520 1830 2000

1300 1630 1960 2120

1410 1760 2130 2290

1520 1900 2290 2470

1740 2170 2620 2820


PIPES

inch mm 8 5/8 219.1

Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class) 20 30 40

60 80 (XS) 100 120 140 (XXS) 160 10 3/4 273.1

20 30 40 10 3/4 273.1

60 (XS) 80 100 120

140 160 12 3/4 323.9

20

30 (Std) 40

Unit weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

5.6 6.4 7.0 7.9 8.2 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 12.7 14.3 15.1 15.9 18.3 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.0 25.4

29.48 33.57 36.61 41.14 42.65 45.14 49.10 53.03 56.94 64.64 72.22 75.81 79.67 90.62 94.20 100.84 107.79 111.14 121.32

207.9 206.3 205.1 203.3 202.7 201.7 200.1 198.5 196.9 193.7 190.5 188.9 187.3 182.5 180.9 177.9 174.7 173.1 168.3

910 1040 1160 1300 1340 1440 1570 1700 1830 2090 2350 2500 2610 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1140 1300 1450 1630 1680 1790 1960 2290 2610 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1070 1220 1350 1520 1570 1680 1830 2000 2130 2430 2740 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1330 1520 1690 1900 1960 2090 2280 2670 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1600 1830 2020 2280 2350 2510 2740 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1750 2000 2220 2500 2580 2750 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1980 2260 2510 2820 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2130 2430 2700 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2290 2610 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2480 2830 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

2670 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

4.0 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.8 8.7 9.3 11.1

26.54 31.76 34.35 36.94 42.09 46.57 51.03 56.72 60.50 71.72

265.1 263.5 262.7 261.9 260.3 258.9 257.5 255.7 254.5 250.9

520 630 680 730 840 930 1030 1150 1220 1470

650 790 850 920 1050 1170 1290 1440 1530 1830

610 730 790 860 980 1090 1200 1340 1430 1710

760 920 990 1070 1220 1360 1500 1680 1780 2140

1040 1250 1350 1450 1660 1850 2040 2280 2420 2910

1130 1370 1480 1590 1820 2030 2230 2500 2660 3000

1280 1550 1670 1800 2060 2290 2520 2830 3000 3000

1380 1660 1800 1940 2210 2470 2720 3000 3000 3000

1480 1780 1930 2080 2370 2650 2910 3000 3000 3000

1600 1930 2090 2250 2570 2870 3000 3000 3000 3000

1730 2080 2250 2420 2770 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1970 2380 2570 2770 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

12.7 14.3 15.1 15.9 18.3 20.6 21.4 22.2 23.8 25.4 28.6 31.8

81.55 91.26 95.87 100.85 114.99 128.27 132.86 137.36 146.30 155.10 172.25 188.75

247.7 244.5 242.9 241.3 236.5 231.9 230.2 228.7 225.5 222.3 172.1 209.5

1670 1880 1990 2090 2410 2720 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

2090 2350 2620 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1950 2200 2320 2440 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

2440 2740 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.4 8.7 9.5 10.3

34.67 37.77 40.87 43.59 50.11 55.47 61.56 65.35 67.62 73.65 79.65

315.1 314.3 313.5 312.7 311.1 309.7 308.1 307.1 306.5 304.9 303.3

490 530 570 620 710 790 880 930 970 1060 1150

610 660 720 770 880 990 1100 1160 1210 1320 1430

570 620 670 720 820 930 1030 1090 1130 1240 1340

710 770 840 900 1030 1160 1280 1360 1420 1540 1670

960 1050 1140 1230 1400 1570 1750 1850 1930 2100 2270

1050 1150 1250 1340 1530 1720 1910 2020 2110 2300 2490

1190 1300 1410 1520 1730 1950 2160 2290 2390 2600 2810

1280 1400 1520 1640 1870 2100 2330 2460 2570 2800 3000

1380 1500 1620 1750 2000 2250 2500 2640 2750 3000 3000

1490 1630 1760 1900 2170 2440 2700 2860 2980 3000 3000

1610 1750 1890 2040 2330 2620 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000

1830 2010 2170 2340 2670 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000


PIPES

Size OD

158

161

PIPES

Size OD inch mm 12 3/4 323.9

159

Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class) (XS) 60 80

100

120(XXS) 140 160 14 355.6 10

20 30(Std) 40 (XS) 60

80 PIPES

100

120 140 160 16 406.4 10 20

162

Unit Weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

11.1 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 21.4 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 31.8 33.3

85.62 97.46 109.18 120.76 132.23 143.56 154.08 159.69 165.17 176.13 186.91 197.68 208.27 229.06 238.48

301.7 298.5 295.3 292.1 288.9 285.7 282.7 281.0 279.5 276.3 273.1 269.9 266.7 260.3 257.2

1240 1410 1590 1760 1940 2120 2290 2390 2470 2650 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1550 1760 1980 2210 2430 2650 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

1440 1650 1850 2060 2270 2470 2670 2780 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1800 2060 2310 2570 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

2450 2800 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

2690 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

4.8 5.2 5.3 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.1 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 27.8 28.6 31.8 35.7 50.8 54.0 55.9 63.5

41.52 44.93 45.78 48.33 55.11 61.02 67.74 74.42 81.08 87.71 94.30 100.86 107.39 120.36 126.55 133.19 145.91 158.49 170.18 182.52 194.74 206.83 218.79 224.64 230.63 253.31 281.40 381.40 401.03 412.56 456.89

346.0 345.2 345.0 344.4 342.8 341.4 339.8 338.2 336.6 335.0 333.4 331.8 330.2 327.0 325.4 323.8 320.6 317.4 314.4 311.2 308.0 304.8 301.6 300.0 298.4 292.1 284.2 254.0 247.7 243.8 228.6

480 520 540 560 640 720 800 880 960 1040 1130 1210 1290 1450 1530 1610 1770 1930 2090 2250 2410 2570 2730 2740 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

600 650 680 700 800 900 1000 1110 1210 1310 1410 1510 1610 1810 2010 2210 2410 2610 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

560 610 630 660 750 840 940 1030 1120 1220 1310 1410 1500 1690 1780 1880 2060 2250 2440 2620 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

700 760 790 820 940 1050 1170 1290 1410 1520 1640 1760 1880 2110 2340 2580 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

960 1040 1070 1120 1280 1430 1590 1750 1910 2070 2230 2390 2550 2870 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1050 1140 1170 1220 1400 1570 1740 1920 2090 2270 2450 2620 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1190 1290 1330 1380 1580 1770 1970 2170 2370 2560 2770 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1280 1390 1430 1490 1700 1910 2120 2340 2550 2760 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1370 1480 1530 1600 1820 2050 2270 2510 2730 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1480 1600 1660 1730 1970 2220 2460 2720 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1600 1730 1790 1860 2130 2390 2650 2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1830 1970 2040 2130 2430 2730 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

4.8 5.2 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9

47.54 51.45 55.35 63.13 69.91 77.63

396.8 396.0 395.2 393.6 392.2 390.6

420 460 490 560 630 700

530 570 620 700 790 880

490 530 570 660 740 820

620 670 720 820 920 1020

840 910 980 1120 1250 1390

920 990 1070 1220 1370 1520

1040 1120 1210 1380 1550 1720

1120 1210 1300 1490 1670 1860

1200 1290 1400 1590 1790 1990

1300 1400 1510 1730 1940 2150

1400 1510 1630 1860 2090 2320

1600 1730 1860 2130 2390 2650


PIPES

inch mm 16 406.4

Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class) 30(Std)

40(XS)

60

80

100

120 140 160 18 457.2 10 20 (Std) 30 (XS) 40

60

80

100

120 140 160

Unit weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 16.7 17.5 19.1 20.6 21.4 22.2 23.8 25.4 26.2 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.0 31.8 36.5 40.5

85.32 92.98 100.61 108.20 115.77 123.30 138.27 153.14 159.96 167.83 182.42 195.98 203.29 210.33 224.55 238.64 245.25 252.61 266.45 280.17 286.33 293.76 333.35 364.93

389.0 387.4 385.8 384.2 382.6 381.0 377.8 374.6 373.1 371.4 368.2 365.2 363.5 362.0 358.8 355.6 354.0 352.4 349.2 346.0 344.5 342.8 332.8 325.4

770 840 910 990 1060 1120 1260 1410 1480 1550 1690 1830 1900 1970 2110 2250 2320 2390 2530 2670 2740 2800 2800 2800

970 1050 1110 1230 1320 1410 1580 1760 1940 2110 2280 2460 2640 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

900 980 1070 1150 1230 1310 1480 1640 1720 1810 1970 2130 2220 2300 2460 2620 2710 2790 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800

1130 1230 1330 1440 1540 1640 1840 2050 2260 2460 2660 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

1540 1670 1810 1950 2090 2230 2510 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1680 1830 1980 2140 2290 2440 2750 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1900 2070 2240 2420 2590 2760 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

2050 2230 2420 2610 2790 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

2190 2390 2590 2790 2990 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

2380 2590 2800 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

2560 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

4.8 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 29.4 30.2 31.8 34.9 39.7 45.2

53.53 62.34 71.12 78.77 87.49 96.18 104.84 113.46 122.05 130.62 139.15 156.11 172.95 189.67 206.25 221.69 238.03 254.25 270.34 286.30 302.14 309.41 317.85 333.44 363.28 408.04 459.05

447.4 445.8 444.2 442.8 441.2 439.6 438.0 436.4 434.8 433.2 431.6 428.4 425.2 422.0 418.8 415.8 412.6 409.4 406.2 40.30 399.8 398.5 396.6 393.4 387.4 377.9 366.7

380 440 500 560 620 690 750 810 880 940 1000 1120 1250 1380 1500 1620 1750 1880 2000 2120 2250 2310 2370 2500 2750 2800 2800

470 550 620 700 780 860 940 1020 1100 1170 1250 1400 1560 1720 1880 2030 2190 2340 2500 2660 2800 2800 2800 -

440 510 580 660 730 800 880 950 1020 1090 1170 1310 1460 1610 1750 1890 2040 2190 2330 2480 2620 2700 2770 2800 2800 2800 2800

550 640 730 820 910 1000 1090 1180 1280 1370 1460 1640 1820 2010 2190 2370 2550 2740 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 -

750 870 990 1110 1240 1360 1490 1610 1740 1860 1980 2230 2480 2730 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

820 950 1090 1220 1360 1490 1630 1760 1900 2040 2170 2440 2720 2990 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

920 1080 1230 1380 1530 1690 1840 1990 2150 2300 2460 2760 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

990 1160 1320 1490 1650 1820 1980 2150 2320 2480 2640 2970 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1070 1240 1420 1590 1770 1950 2120 2300 2480 2660 2830 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1150 1340 1530 1730 1920 2110 2300 2490 2690 2880 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1240 1450 1650 1860 2060 2270 2480 2680 2900 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1420 1650 1890 2120 2350 2600 2830 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -


PIPES

Size OD

160

163

PIPES

Size

161

Wall thickness

OD inch mm 20 508.0

Sch. No. (Class) 10

20(Std)

30(XS) 40

60

80

100

120 140 160 22 558.8

10

PIPES

20

30 40

164

Unit


weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.1 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 26.2 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8 32.5 33.3 34.9 38.1 44.5 50.0

69.38 79.16 87.70 97.43 107.12 116.78 126.41 136.01 145.58 155.12 174.10 183.19 192.95 211.68 230.27 247.60 265.95 284.18 302.28 310.80 320.26 338.11 355.83 373.43 381.07 389.81 407.17 440.99 507.56 564.10

496.8 495.2 493.8 492.2 490.6 489.0 487.4 485.8 484.2 482.6 479.4 477.8 476.2 473.0 469.8 466.8 463.6 460.4 457.2 455.6 454.0 450.8 447.6 444.4 442.9 441.4 438.2 431.8 419.1 408.0

390 450 510 560 620 680 730 790 840 900 1010 1170 1120 1240 1350 1460 1580 1690 1800 1860 1910 2020 2140 2250 2310 2360 2480 2700 2800 2800

490 560 630 700 770 840 910 990 1060 1120 1260 1410 1550 1690 1830 1970 2110 2250 2390 2530 2670 2750 2750 2750 -

460 520 590 660 720 790 850 920 980 1050 1180 1250 1310 1440 1580 1710 1840 1970 2100 2170 2230 2360 2490 2620 2690 2750 2750 2800 2800 2800

570 660 740 820 900 980 1070 1150 1230 1310 1480 1640 1810 1970 2130 2300 2460 2620 2750 2750 2750 2750 2750 2750 -

830 950 1060 1180 1300 1420 1530 1660 1770 1890 2120 2360 2600 2840 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

910 1040 1160 1290 1420 1550 1680 1810 1940 2070 2330 2590 2850 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1020 1170 1320 1460 1610 1760 1900 2050 2190 2340 2630 2930 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1100 1260 1420 1570 1730 1890 2050 2210 2360 2520 2830 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1180 1350 1520 1680 1860 2030 2190 2370 2530 2700 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1280 1460 1640 1830 2010 2190 2380 2560 2740 2930 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1380 1580 1770 1970 2170 2360 2560 2760 2950 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1580 1800 2020 2250 2480 2700 2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

5.6 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8

76.42 87.21 96.63 107.36 118.06 128.73 139.37 149.97 160.55 171.09 192.08 212.95 233.68 254.30 273.51 293.87 314.11 334.23 354.22 374.08 393.81 413.42

547.8 546.2 544.8 543.2 541.6 540.0 538.4 536.8 535.2 533.6 530.4 527.2 524.0 520.8 517.8 514.6 511.4 508.2 505.0 501.8 498.6 495.4

360 410 460 510 560 610 660 720 770 820 920 1020 1130 1230 1330 1430 1530 1640 1740 1840 1940 2050

450 510 570 640 700 770 830 900 960 1020 1150 1280 1410 1530 1660 1790 1920 2050 2170 2300 2430 2500

420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 950 1070 1190 1310 1430 1550 1670 1790 1910 2030 2150 2270 2390

520 600 670 740 820 890 970 1050 1120 1190 1340 1490 1640 1790 1940 2090 2240 2390 2500 2500 2500 2500

750 860 970 1070 1180 1290 1400 1510 1610 1720 1930 2150 2360 2580 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

820 940 1060 1170 1290 1410 1530 1650 1770 1880 2120 2350 2590 2820 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

930 1060 1200 1330 1460 1600 1730 1860 2000 2130 2390 2660 2930 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1000 1150 1290 1430 1580 1720 1860 2010 2150 2290 2570 2860 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1080 1230 1380 1530 1690 1840 1990 2150 2300 2450 2760 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1160 1330 1490 1660 1830 1990 2160 2330 2490 2660 2990 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1250 1430 1610 1790 1970 2150 2330 2510 2690 2860 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1430 1640 1840 2040 2250 2450 2660 2870 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000


PIPES

inch mm

Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class)

22 558.8

24 609.6

10

20(Std)

(XS) 30 40

60

80

100 120 140 160 26 660.0 10 (Std)

20(XS)

Unit weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

33.3 34.9 36.5 38.1

431.69 451.06 470.30 489.41

492.4 489.2 486.0 482.8

2150 2250 2350 2450

2500 2500 2500 2500

2500 2500 2500 2500

2500 2500 2500 2500

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000

6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 24.6 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.0 31.8 33.3 34.9 36.5 38.1 38.9 39.7 46.0 52.4 59.5

95.26 105.56 117.30 129.00 140.68 152.32 163.93 175.51 187.06 210.07 232.94 255.69 278.32 299.41 321.79 344.05 355.41 366.17 388.17 410.05 431.80 441.31 453.42 473.57 494.95 516.20 537.33 546.68 558.32 638.93 718.88 806.75

597.2 595.8 594.2 592.6 591.0 589.4 587.8 586.2 584.6 581.4 578.2 575.0 571.8 568.8 565.6 562.4 560.4 559.2 556.0 552.8 549.6 547.7 546.4 543.4 540.2 537.0 533.8 531.8 530.6 517.6 504.9 490.5

380 420 470 520 560 610 660 700 750 840 940 1030 1120 1220 1310 1410 1450 1500 1590 1690 1780 1830 1880 1970 2060 2160 2250 2300 2300 2720 2800 2800

470 530 580 640 700 760 820 880 940 1050 1170 1290 1410 1520 1640 1760 1880 1990 2110 2230 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 -

440 490 550 600 660 710 770 820 880 980 1090 1200 1310 1420 1530 1640 1700 1750 1860 1970 2080 2130 2190 2300 2300 2300 2300 2680 2300 2800 2800 2800

550 610 680 750 820 890 960 1030 1090 1230 1370 1500 1640 1780 1910 2050 2190 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 -

790 890 980 1080 1180 1280 1380 1480 1580 1770 1970 2170 2360 2560 2760 2950 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

860 970 1080 1190 1290 1400 1510 1620 1730 1940 2160 2370 2590 2800 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

980 1100 1220 1340 1460 1580 1710 1830 1950 2190 2440 2680 2930 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1050 1180 1310 1440 1580 1710 1840 1970 2100 2360 2630 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1130 1260 1400 1550 1690 1830 1970 2110 2250 2530 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1220 1370 1520 1680 1830 1980 2140 2290 2440 2740 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1310 1480 1640 1810 1970 2130 2300 2460 2630 2950 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

1500 1690 1870 2060 2250 2440 2630 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 -

6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4

103.15 114.31 127.04 139.73 152.39 165.02 177.62 190.19 202.72 227.70 252.55 277.27 301.87 324.81 349.16 373.39 397.49

647.2 645.8 644.2 642.6 641.0 639.4 637.8 636.2 634.6 631.4 628.2 625.0 621.8 618.8 615.6 612.4 609.2

350 390 430 480 520 560 610 650 690 780 870 950 1040 1120 1210 1300 1380

430 490 540 600 650 700 760 810 870 970 1080 1190 1300 1410 1510 1620 1730

400 450 500 560 610 660 710 760 810 910 1010 1110 1210 1310 1410 1520 1620

500 570 630 690 760 820 880 950 1010 1130 1260 1390 1510 1640 1770 1890 2000

730 820 910 1000 1090 1180 1270 1360 1450 1630 1820 2000 2180 2360 2540 2730 2910

800 890 990 1100 1190 1290 1390 1490 1590 1790 1990 2190 2390 2590 2790 2990 3000

900 1010 1120 1240 1350 1460 1580 1690 1800 2020 2250 2480 2700 2920 3000 3000 3000

970 1090 1210 1330 1450 1570 1700 1820 1940 2180 2420 2670 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000

1040 1170 1300 1430 1560 1690 1820 1950 2080 2330 2600 2860 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1130 1260 1400 1550 1690 1830 1970 2110 2250 2530 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1210 1360 1510 1670 1820 1970 2120 2270 2420 2720 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1380 1560 1730 1910 2080 2250 2430 2600 2770 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000


PIPES

Size OD

162

165

PIPES

Size

163

Wall thickness

OD inch mm

Sch. No. (Class)

28 711.0 10

20 30

30 762.0 10

20 30

PIPES

32 813.0 10

20 30 40

166

Unit


weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4

111.20 123.24 136.97 150.67 164.34 177.98 191.58 205.15 218.69 245.68 272.54 299.28 325.89 350.72 377.08 403.32 429.44

698.2 696.8 695.2 693.6 692.0 690.4 688.8 687.2 685.6 682.4 679.2 676.0 672.8 669.8 666.6 663.4 660.2

320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 720 800 880 960 1040 1120 1210 1290

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1110 1210 1300 1410 1510 1610

370 420 470 520 560 610 660 700 750 840 940 1030 1120 1220 1310 1410 1500

470 530 580 650 700 760 820 880 940 1050 1170 1290 1410 1520 1640 1760 1880

680 760 840 930 1010 1100 1180 1270 1350 1520 1690 1860 2020 2190 2360 2530 2700

740 830 920 1020 1110 1200 1300 1390 1480 1660 1850 2030 2220 2400 2590 2770 2960

840 940 1040 1150 1250 1360 1460 1570 1670 1880 2090 2300 2510 2710 2920 3000 3000

900 1010 1120 1240 1350 1460 1580 1690 1800 2020 2250 2480 2700 2920 3000 3000 3000

960 1080 1200 1330 1450 1570 1690 1810 1930 2170 2410 2650 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000

1040 1170 1300 1440 1570 1700 1830 1960 2090 2350 2610 2870 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1130 1260 1400 1550 1690 1830 1970 2110 2250 2530 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1290 1450 1600 1770 1930 2090 2250 2410 2570 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2

119.25 132.17 146.91 161.61 176.29 190.93 205.54 220.12 234.67 263.67 292.54 321.29 349.91 376.63 405.00 433.26 461.38 489.38 517.25 544.99

749.2 747.8 746.2 744.6 743.0 741.4 739.8 738.2 736.6 733.4 730.2 727.0 723.8 720.8 717.6 714.4 711.2 708.0 704.8 701.6

300 340 370 410 450 490 530 560 600 670 750 830 900 970 1050 1130 1200 1270 1350 1430

370 420 470 520 560 610 660 700 750 840 940 1030 1120 1220 1310 1410 1500 1590 1690 1780

350 390 440 480 520 590 610 660 700 790 880 960 1050 1140 1220 1310 1400 1490 1580 1660

440 490 550 600 660 710 770 820 880 980 1090 1200 1310 1420 1530 1640 1750 1860 1970 2080

630 710 790 870 940 1020 1100 1180 1260 1420 1580 1730 1890 2050 2200 2360 2520 2680 2840 2990

690 780 860 950 1040 1120 1210 1290 1380 1550 1720 1900 2070 2240 2420 2590 2760 2930 3000 3000

780 880 970 1070 1170 1270 1370 1460 1560 1750 1950 2150 2340 2530 2730 2930 3000 3000 3000 3000

840 940 1050 1160 1260 1360 1470 1580 1680 1890 2100 2310 2520 2730 2940 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

900 1010 1120 1240 1350 1460 1580 1690 1800 2020 2250 2480 2700 2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

980 1100 1220 1340 1460 1580 1710 1830 1950 2190 2440 2680 2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1050 1180 1310 1440 1580 1710 1840 1970 2100 2360 2630 2890 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1210 1360 1510 1660 1810 1960 2110 2260 2410 2700 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8

127.30 141.10 156.84 172.56 188.24 203.88 219.50 235.09 250.64 281.65 312.54 343.30 373.93 402.54 432.93 463.19

800.2 798.8 797.2 795.6 794.0 792.4 790.8 789.2 787.6 784.4 781.2 778.0 774.8 771.8 768.6 765.4

280 320 350 390 420 460 490 530 560 630 700 770 840 910 980 1060

350 400 440 480 530 570 620 660 700 790 880 970 1050 1140 1230 1320

330 370 410 450 490 530 570 620 660 740 820 900 980 1070 1150 1230

410 460 510 560 620 670 720 770 820 920 1030 1130 1230 1330 1440 1540

590 660 740 810 890 960 1030 1110 1180 1330 1480 1630 1770 1920 2070 2220

650 730 810 890 970 1050 1130 1210 1290 1450 1620 1780 1940 2100 2260 2430

730 820 910 1010 1100 1190 1280 1370 1460 1640 1830 2010 2190 2380 2560 2740

790 890 980 1080 1180 1280 1380 1480 1580 1770 1970 2170 2360 2560 2760 2950

840 950 1050 1160 1270 1370 1480 1580 1690 1900 2110 2320 2530 2740 2950 3000

910 1030 1140 1260 1370 1480 1600 1710 1830 2050 2290 2520 2740 2970 3000 3000

980 1110 1230 1350 1480 1600 1720 1850 1970 2210 2460 2710 2950 3000 3000 3000

1130 1270 1410 1550 1690 1830 1970 2110 2250 2520 2800 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000


PIPES

Wall thickness

OD inch mm

Sch. No. (Class)

32 813.0

34 864.0 10

30 40

36 914.0 10

20 30 40

Unit


weight

ID


t mm

kg/m

mm

A Std.

Alt.

B Std.

Alt.

X42

X46

X52

X56

X60

X65

X70

X80

25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8

493.32 523.33 553.22 582.98 612.61 135.35 150.03 166.78 183.50 200.18 216.84 233.46 250.05 266.61 299.64 332.53 365.31 397.95 428.44 460.85 493.12 525.27 557.29 589.19 620.96 652.60 143.24 158.79 176.52 194.22 211.90 229.54 247.15 264.72 282.27 317.27 352.14 386.88 421.50 453.84 488.22 522.47 556.59 590.58 624.45 658.19 691.81

762.2 759.0 755.8 752.6 749.4 851.2 849.8 848.2 846.6 845.0 843.4 841.8 840.2 838.6 835.4 832.2 829.0 825.8 822.8 819.6 816.4 813.2 810.0 806.8 803.6 800.4 901.2 899.8 898.2 896.6 895.0 893.4 891.8 890.2 888.6 885.4 882.2 879.0 875.8 872.8 869.6 866.4 863.2 860.0 856.8 853.6 850.4

1120 1190 1270 1340 1410 260 300 330 360 400 430 460 500 530 600 660 730 790 860 930 990 1060 1120 1190 1260 1320 250 280 310 340 380 410 440 470 500 560 620 690 750 810 880 940 1000 1060 1130 1190 1250

1410 1490 1580 1670 1760 330 370 410 460 500 540 580 620 660 740 830 910 990 1070 1160 1240 1320 1410 1490 1570 1650 310 350 390 430 470 510 550 590 620 700 780 860 940 1020 1090 1170 1250 1330 1410 1480 1560

1310 1390 1480 1560 1640 310 350 390 420 460 500 540 580 620 690 770 850 930 1000 1080 1160 1240 1310 1390 1470 1540 290 330 360 400 440 470 510 550 580 660 730 800 880 950 1020 1090 1170 1240 1310 1390 1460

1640 1740 1850 1950 2050 390 430 480 530 580 630 680 720 770 870 970 1060 1160 1250 1350 1450 1540 1640 1740 1830 1930 360 410 450 500 550 590 640 680 730 820 910 1000 1090 1180 1280 1370 1460 1550 1640 1730 1820

2360 2510 2660 2810 2950 560 620 690 760 830 900 970 1040 1110 1250 1390 1530 1670 1810 1950 2090 2220 2360 2500 2640 2780 520 590 660 720 790 850 920 980 1050 1180 1310 1440 1580 1710 1840 1970 2100 2230 2360 2490 2630

2590 2750 2910 3000 3000 610 680 760 840 910 990 1070 1140 1220 1370 1520 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2440 2590 2740 2890 3000 580 650 720 790 860 930 1010 1080 1150 1290 1440 1580 1720 1870 2010 2160 2300 2440 2590 2730 2870

2920 3000 3000 3000 3000 690 770 860 950 1030 1120 1210 1290 1380 1550 1720 1890 2060 2240 2410 2580 2750 2920 3000 3000 3000 650 730 810 890 980 1060 1140 1220 1300 1460 1620 1790 1950 2110 2280 2440 2600 2760 2930 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 740 830 920 1020 1110 1200 1300 1390 1480 1670 1850 2040 2220 2410 2590 2780 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000 700 790 870 960 1050 1140 1230 1310 1400 1570 1750 1930 2100 2270 2450 2630 2800 2970 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 790 890 990 1090 1190 1290 1390 1490 1590 1790 1990 2190 2380 2580 2780 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 750 840 940 1030 1120 1220 1310 1410 1500 1690 1880 2060 2250 2440 2620 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 860 970 1070 1180 1290 1400 1510 1610 1720 1930 2150 2370 2580 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 810 910 1010 1120 1220 1320 1420 1520 1620 1820 2030 2240 2440 2640 2840 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 930 1040 1160 1270 1390 1500 1620 1740 1850 2080 2320 2550 2780 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 880 980 1090 1200 1310 1420 1530 1640 1750 1970 2190 2410 2630 2840 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 1060 1190 1330 1460 1590 1720 1860 1990 2130 2380 2650 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 1000 1120 1250 1380 1500 1620 1750 1880 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000


PIPES

Size

164

167

PIPES

168


STEEL SHEET PILES

167

Steel Sheet Piles

PU Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties PU steel sheet piles can be supplied in grades up to yield strength of 430 N/mm2.

Dimensions and sectional properties The PU steel sheet piles are available in the following sizes: d

t

y’

y’ Cy’

2xh y y"

y y" Cy”

f 2xb

Figure 11 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions

PU 6

per pile

pan

of pan web

Cy’

Cy”

per pile per pile per pile per pile

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

Mm

kg/m

113

600

330

7.5

6.4

68.9

23.0

45.3 75.0 54.5

69.5

91.0 65.9 110

140

600

317

8.0

8.0

81.5

27.2

180

600

257

9.8

9.0

100.4

33.5

190

600

303

12.0

9.0

115.8

38.6

200

600

365

12.4

9.7

125.3

41.8

per m wall PU 25

per pile

226

600

339

14.2 10.0 142.1

47.4

per m wall PU 32

per pile per m wall

Zy

mm

per m wall PU 20

gyration

A

f

per m wall PU 16

Radius of

Modulus

b

per m wall PU 12

Moment Of Inertia

area

h

per m wall PU 8

Mass Section Section per m

226

600

341

19.5 11.0 148.6

49.5

2

cm

Iy 3

Iz 4

r 4

cm

cm

cm

cm

57.7

146

1,290

23,900

4.73

96.0

600

6,720

-

8.36

232

2,360

30,062

5.82

116.0

830

11,610

-

10.02

84.0

366

4,450

34,937

7.28

140.0

1,200

21,550

-

12.41

74.7

95.2

405

5,560

38,037

7.64

124

159.0

1600

30,520

-

13.87

84.7

107.9

480

7,080

46,021

8.1

141

180.0

2000

39,970

-

14.92

94.1

119.9

588

9,670

49,089

8.98

157

200.0

2,500

56,500

-

16.81

114.6

146.0

645

11,100

55,134

8.72

191

243.0

3,200

72,260

-

17.23 STEEL SHEET PILES

Flat of Thickness Section

Table 30 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes

The PU sheet piles can be delivered in material according to British BS-standards, American ASTM-standards, Euronorms, and Japanese JIS-standards.


169

168

STEEL SHEET PILES

Interlocking options Section PU 6 PU 8 PU 12 PU 16 PU 20 PU 25 PU 32

PU 6

PU 8

PU 12

PU 16

PU 20

Interlocking possible

PU 25

PU 32

On request (require in advance indicating length of piles) Table 31 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options

Dimensional tolerances Width

Thickness of Pan

single pile interlocked e8mm 8
± 3%

±0.5mm ±0.6mm

Weight

12
e>18mm

1)

±0.8mm

±1.2mm

± 4%

Length

Squareness of ends

± 200mm

2)

10mm

Straightness 3)

0.2%

1) Of total mass of the complete order. 2) Of the distance between 2 points of the cross-section. 3) Maximum deflection on the length of the pile.

Table 32 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances

The maximum length for this U-type pile is usually between 25 to 31 metres, but longer lengths can be supplied.

Handling holes and double piles The piles can on request be delivered with flame cut handling holes, 50mm diameter, located in the centre of the pan at 200-250 mm from the end. Piles can also be fastened together to form double piles by pressing or welding the interlocks. Two to six pressing points per meter can be applied according to design requirements. A minimum shear force of 80 kN per one crimping point is admitted.

STEEL SHEET PILES

170


STEEL SHEET PILES

171

KSP Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties KSP steel sheet piles are manufactured according to JIS 5528 “Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Piles” (1988). Designation

Min. Yield

Min. Tensile

JIS A 5528

Strength R eH

Strength R m

Steel Name

N/mm

N/mm

%

SY295

295

490

17

SY390

390

540

15

2

Min. Elongation

2

Table 33 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties

Dimensions and sectional properties The KSP steel sheet piles are available in the sizes shown in Table 35 under. Note the three new sizes KSP IIW, KSP IIIW and KSP IVW, which are extra wide sections. Coupling Thickness

Effective height

Full height

Coupling

Effective width Full width

Figure 12 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions Dimensions

Section

width

height

thickness

w

h

t

A

mm

mm

mm

cm

Unit weight

Moment of

Area 2

Modulus of

Inertia A/m

M

M/m

cm /m

2

kg/m

kg/m

2

I

section

I/m

Zy

4

cm

cm /m 529

cm

4

cm /m

Zy/m 3

3

KSP IA

400

85

8.0

45.21

113.0

35.5

88.8

598

4,500

88

KSP II

400

100

10.5

61.18

153.0

48.0

120

1,240

8,740

152

874

KSP IIA

400

120

9.2

55.01

137.5

43.2

108

1,450

10,600

162

880

KSP III

400

130

13.0

76.42

191.0

60.0

150

2,320

17,400

232

1,340

KSP IIIA

400

150

13.1

74.40

186.0

58.4

146

2,840

22,800

253

1,520

KSP IV

400

170

15.5

96.99

242.5

76.1

190

4,670

38,600

362

2,270

KSP IV A

400

185

16.1

94.21

235.5

74.0

185

5,300

41,600

400

2,250

KSP V L

500

200

24.3

133.8

267.6

105

210

7,960

63,000

520

3,150

KSP VIL

500

225

27.6

153.0

306.0

120

240

11,400

86,000

680

3,820

KSP IIW

600

130

10.3

78.70

131.2

61.8

103

2,110

13,000

203

1,000

KSP IIIW

600

180

13.4

103.9

173.2

81.6

136

5,220

32,400

376

1,800

KSP IV W

600

210

18.0

135.3

225.5

106

177

8,630

56,700

539

2,700

Note:

STEEL SHEET PILES

Section

The sizes are also available in FSP sheet piles. Sectional properties given per single pile, and per linear metre wall.

Table 34 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties


171

STEEL SHEET PILES

172

Interlocking options The sections can be interlocked with each other as shown in Table 36. Section

KSP IA

KSP II

KSP IA KSP II KSP IIA

KSP IIA

KSP III

KSP III KSP IIIA KSP IV

KSP IIIA

KSP IV A

KSP IV

KSP IV A

KSP V L

KSP VL

KSP IIW

KSP IV W

KSP IIW

KSP IIIW

KSP VIL KSP IIIW

KSP VIL

KSP IVW

Table 35 33 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options

The sheet piles can also be welded together to form box piles, as shown in section “Other section types” under the chapter “Steel sheet piles according to EN 10248:1996”.

Dimensional tolerances Full width Traditional Single pile W x ± 1%

Full

Length

height ± 4% Notes:

Effective width

Wider width Single pile

Traditional Single pile

Wider width Single pile

Thickness of Section <10mm

10mm <16mm

16mm

+ 6mm

Per meter wall width:

+ 1.0mm

+ 1.2mm

+ 1.5mm

- 5mm

Max 4mm deviation.

- 0.3mm

- 0.3mm

- 0.3mm

Deflection

Camber of full length

of full length

- 0mm

Difference in vertically

L10m

L>10m

L10m

L>10m

cut sections

L x 0.12%

L x 0.10%

L x 0.25% max.

L x 0.20%

Within 4% of width

+ 25mm max.

The deflection shall be in the direction parallel to the sheet pile wall and the camber shall be in the direction vertical to the sheet pile wall.

Table 36 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances STEEL SHEET PILES

Recommended maximum lengths for driving The recommended driving length for KSP steel sheet piles is maximum 30metres.

172


STEEL SHEET PILES

173

KSP Straight Web Sections Mechanical properties KSP straight web sections are manufactured according to JIS 5528 “Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Piles” (1988). Designation

Min. Yield

Min. Tensile

JIS A 5528

Strength R eH

Strength R m

Steel Name

N/mm

N/mm

%

SY295

295

490

17

SY390

390

540

15

2

Min. Elongation

2

Table 37 38 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties

Dimensions and sectional properties The KSP straight web sections are available in the following sizes: Thickness

Coupling Effective height

Effective width Full width

Figure 13 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensions

Section

Dimensions

Section

Unit weight

area width

height

thickness

Per pile

mm

mm

mm

KSP FL

500

44.5

KSP FXL

500

47.0

Moment of Inertia

Per wall Per pile

width

cm

kg/m

kg/m

9.5

78.57

61.7

12.7

98.36

77.2

2

Modulus of section

Per wall Per pile

2

4

Per wall

width

Per pile 3

width

cm

cm /m

4

cm

3

123

184

396

45.7

89

154

245

570

60.3

121

cm /m

Standard

Section

Interlocking strength

specification

size

MN/m

JIS A 5528

KSP FL

4

SY295

KSP FXL

6

STEEL SHEET PILES

Table 38 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties

Table 39 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength

The two sections can be interlocked with each other.


173

STEEL SHEET PILES

174

Dimensional tolerances Full width

Full

Single

height

<10mm

Thickness of Section 10mm

-

+ 1.5mm

+ 1.5mm

- 0.7mm

- 0.7mm

pile

Length

16mm

<16mm

± 4mm

Deflection

-

+ not specified - 0 mm

Camber of full length

of full length

Difference in vertically

L10m

L>10m

L10m

L>10m

cut sections

L x 0.15% max.

(L-10m) x 0.10%

L x 0.20% max.

(L-10m) x 0.10%

Within 4% of width

Notes:

+ 15mm max.

+ 20mm max.

The deflection shall be in the direction parallel to the sheet pile wall and the camber shall be in the direction vertical to the sheet pile wall.

Table 40 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances

STEEL SHEET PILES

174


GRATINGS

175

Gratings

General • Process Steel gratings are manufactured using a simultaneous application of heat and pressure on the load bar and cross bar at their intersection points, welding them together.

• Applications Stairways, walkways, catwalks, pedestrian ramp, machine access platform, etc.

Sizes Panel Size

Serial Size

Mass

ft

inch

kg/m

3’ x 20’

Pitch

2

1’’ x 3/16’’

28.4

11/4’’x 3/16’’

35.4

11/2’’ x 3/16’’

43.2

2’’ x 3/16’’

53

Type

mm twisted / straight

40 x 100

cross / round bar

Table 41 – Gratings: Sizes

STEEL SHEET PILES

Cross Bars

40 (pitch)

Width

Bearing Bars

100 (pitch) Length

Figure 14 – Gratings: Dimensions


175

STEEL SHEET PILES

176


APPENDIX

177

APPENDIX

Appendix

Conversion factors Note:

The small sub numerals following a zero indicate that the zero is to be repeated that number of times, thus 0.034 = 0.0004.

Linear measure Millimetre

Centimetre

Metre

Inch

Foot

Yard

mm

cm

m

in

ft

yd

Millimetre (mm)

1

Centimetre (cm) Metre (m)

0.1

10

1

1000

100

0.001

0.03937

0.01

0.3937

1

39.37

Inch (in)

25.4

2.54

0.0254

1

Foot (ft)

304.8

30.48

0.3048

12

Yard (yd)

914.4

Mile (mi)

91.44

1,609,347

Square measure

0.9144

160,935

1,609.35

0.0833

0.02778

0.041578

1

0.3333

0.031894

36

3

1

63,360

5,280

1,760

0.035682 1

Square

Square

Square

Square

Square

Square

centimetre

metre

inch

foot

yard

miles

2

2

cm

m

in

2

2

2

ft

yd

mi

2

1

0.01

0.051

0.00155

0.0410764

0.05119599

1

0.0001

0.154999

0.0010764

0.03119599

0.010386

1,000,000

10,000

1.19599

0.06386 0.09249

2

2

Square inch (in )

645.16

2

Square foot (ft ) 2

Square yard (yd ) 2

Square miles (mi )

1

6.452

1,549.99

0.006944

0.037616

929

0.0929

144

1

0.11111

0.073587

836,127

8,361

0.8361

1,296

9

1

0.063229

12

9

0.036452

10.7639

1

0.012386

92,903 2.59*10

Cubic measure

6

25.9*10

2.59*10

4.014*10

9

27.878*10

6

3.098*10

Cubic

Cubic

Cubic

Cubic

Cubic

centimetre

metre

inch

foot

yard

3

3

m

cm 3

Cubic centimetre (cm )

1 1,000,000

3

Cubic inch (in )

16.39 28,317

3

0.056214 0.036214

100

Square metre (m )

Cubic yard (yd )

0.01093 1.0936

2

Square centimetre (cm )

Cubic foot (ft )

0.03280 3.28083

2

Square millimetre (mm )

3

0.066214

Square 2

3

mi

0.00109

millimetre mm

Cubic metre (m )

0.00328

Mile

764,500

in

0.051

3

0.06102

1

61,023

3

0.043531

0.041639

1

0.028317

1,728

1

46,660

27

0.7645

1

3

ft 35.31

6

yd

0.051308 1.308

0.035787

0.042143 0.03704 1

Weight measure

Kilogram (kg) Pound (lb) Net ton (nt)

Kilogram

Pound

Net ton

Gross ton

kg

lb

nt

gt

1 0.45359 907.185

2.20462 1 2,000

0.001102

0.039842

Metric ton t 0.001

0.0005

0.034464

0.034536

1

0.89286

0.90719

Gross ton (gt)

1,016.05

2,240

1.12

1

1.01605

Metric ton (t)

1,000

2,204.62

1.10231

0.98421

1


177

APPENDIX

178

APPENDIX

Gram per

Kilogram per

Pound per

Pound per

centimetre

metre

inch

foot

yard

g/cm

kg/m

lb/in

lb/ft

lb/yd

Weight per linear unit

Gram per centimetre (g/cm)

1

Kilogram per metre (kg/m)

10

Pound per inch (lb/in)

178.579

Pound per foot (lb/ft)

14.8816

Pound per yard (lb/yd)

Weight per unit area

0.1

0.0056

0.0672

0.20165

1

0.056

0.67197

2.0165

17.8579

4.96054

12

36

1.48816

1 0.08333

1

3

0.49605

0.02778

0.3333

1

Kilogram per

Kilogram per

Metric ton per

Pound per

Pound per

square centimetre

square metre

square metre

square inch

square foot

2

kg/cm Kilogram per square centimetre 2 (kg/cm )

kg/m

1 2

Kilogram per square metre (kg/m ) Metric ton per square metre (t/m ) 2

Pound per square foot (lb/ft )

703.02232

0.000487

Weight per unit volume

4.8717976

3

Metric ton per cubic metre (t/m ) 3

Pound per cubic inch (lb/in )

Tension, pressure

Kilopounds per square inch (ksi)

178

2047.58498

0.001

0.0014219

1

1.42195

204.75849

0.204758

0.7030

1

144

0.004872

0.006944

1

Metric ton per

Pound per

Pound per

cubic metre

cubic metre

cubic inch

cubic foot

kg/m 1

0.001

1,000

t/m

lb/in

3

62,419

0.0436117

1

0.0361175

0.062419 62.41857

1

0.01602

1,728.011

0.0005787

1

Atmospheric

Atmospheric

/square inch

square foot

square inch

pressure

pressure

ksi

psf

psi

bar

atm

1

1,441,379.3 1

Pounds per

3

lb/ft

36.1193

0.001 27.6804

16.0196

Pounds per

3

1,000

27,680.4

0.0416

Kilopounds

3

1,000,000

0.051 0.02768

3

Pound per cubic foot (lb/ft )

14.21945

2

lb/ft

Kilogram per

1

3

Kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m )

2

cubic centimetre 3

Kilogram per cubic centimetre (kg/cm )

lb/in

Kilogram per

kg/cm 3

2

10

1,000

0.0703022

2

t/m

1

0.1

Pound per square inch (lb/in )

2

10,000

0.0001

2

Pound per

1,000

68.96

68.062

Pressure (MPa) 6.896

Pounds per square foot (psf)

0.07694

0.000694

0.0004788

0.000473

0.04479

Pounds per square inch (psi)

0.001

1,441.38

1

0.06896

0.0681

0.006896

Atmospheric pressure (bar)

0.0145

2,088.5

14.5

1

0.987

0.10

Atmospheric pressure (atm)

0.0147

2,116.22

14.69

1.0133

1

0.10133

Pressure (MPa)

0.145

9.869

1

20,886

145


10

CONTINENTAL STEEL PRODUCTS HANDBOOK

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