dil arastirmalari 10 2012 bahar

<ÕOÕøWLEDUÕ\OD+|ú||7VDtGDP%|OJHVLYH2UKXQ9DGLVL

'LO$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ 'vYkQ/JDWL¶W7UN¶WH*HoHQ+HU.HOLPH7UNoH.|NHQOLPLGLU" 6D\Õ%DKDUVV

1RJD\7UNOHULQGH.LúL$GODUÕ 'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED*

g]HW $G YHUPH (VNL 7UNOHUGHQ EHUL 7UN WRSOXPXQGD |QHP YHULOHQ ELU JHOHQHNWLU *QP]GH $UDO+D]DU JUXEX 7UNOHULQGHQ RODQ 1RJD\7UNOHULQGH oRFX÷D DG YHUPH WR\ \DSÕODUDNNXWODQDQ|QHPOLELUROD\GÕU $GODU KLoELU ]DPDQ JHOLúLJ]HO VHoLOPH] DGODUÕQ YHULOLú VHEHSOHULQH YHULOLú ]DPDQ YH WDU]ODUÕQD GLNNDW HGLOLOLU 1RJD\FD DGODU KHP úHNLO KHP GH DQODP EDNÕPÕQGDQ IDUNOÕ |]HOOLNOHU J|VWHUPHNWHGLU $GODU úHNLO EDNÕPÕQGDQ EDVLW YH ELUOHúLN \DSÕGD RODELOLU $QODP EDNÕPÕQGDQ NLúL DGODUÕ VHoLOLUNHQ oRFX÷XQ GDKD |QFHNL NDUGHúOHULQLQ \DúD\ÕS \DúDPDPDVÕoRFX÷DPXWOXOXNEDúDUÕL\LELUKD\DWWDU]ÕL\L NDUDNWHU |]HOOL÷L GLOHQPHVL DUWÕN oRFXN LVWHQPH\LúL \HQL GR÷PXú oRFX÷XQ J|]H oDUSDQ ELU |]HOOL÷L GR÷XPGDQ VRQUD LONJ|]HoDUSDQYH\DLúLWLOHQQHVQHYH\DKD\YDQDQDEDEDQÕQ LúLWWL÷LYH\DV|\OHGL÷LLONV|]oRFX÷XQGR÷GX÷X\HUJQD\ PHYVLP GR÷XP ]DPDQÕQGD KDYD YH J|N\]QQ GXUXPX NLPL NLúLOHUH NDUúÕ GX\XODQ KD\UDQOÕN úNUDQ YH PLQQHW GX\JXODUÕ YE JLEL SHN oRN GXUXP HWNLOLGLU 7RWHP DGODUÕ GLOHNDGODUÕWHVDGIvDGODUGLQvDGODUJ|UNHPOLDGODUJLELNLúL DGODUÕQÕQoHúLWOLND\QDNODUÕYDUGÕU %XoDOÕúPDGD1RJD\7UNOHULQGHNXOODQÕODQDGODUKHPúHNLO RODUDN LQFHOHQPLú KHP GH DG YHUPHGH HWNLOL RODQ DQODP |]HOOLNOHULQHJ|UHVÕQÕÀDQGÕUÕOPÕúWÕU $QDKWDUV|]FNOHU1RJD\7UNOHULNLúLDGODUÕ

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
*

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

IROORZLQJHOHPHQWVDUHLPSRUWDQWZKHWKHUSUHYLRXVEURWKHUV DQGVLVWHUVRIWKHFKLOGDUHDOLYHZLVKLQJWKHFKLOGKDSSLQHVV VXFFHVVDJRRGOLIHVW\OHDQGDJRRGFKDUDFWHUXQZLOOLQJQHVV IRU DQRWKHU FKLOG D QRWDEOH FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI WKH QHZERUQ EDE\ DQ REMHFW RU DQLPDO VHHQ RU KHDUG MXVW DIWHU WKH ELUWK WKH¿UVWZRUGWKDWSDUHQWVKHDURUVD\DIWHUWKHELUWKWKHSODFH GD\PRQWKDQGVHDVRQRIWKHELUWKWKHZHDWKHUDQGVWDWHRI VN\ DW WKH PRPHQW RI ELUWK WKH IHHOLQJV RI DGPLUDWLRQ DQG JUDWHIXOQHVV IHOW WRZDUGV VRPHRQH 3HUVRQDO QDPHV KDYH YDULRXV VRXUFHV VXFK DV WRWHP QDPHV ZLVK QDPHV UDQGRP QDPHVUHOLJLRXVQDPHVDQGPDMHVWLFQDPHV ,QWKHVWXG\WKHQDPHVXVHGE\1RJKD\7XUNVDUHH[DPLQHGLQ WHUPVRIIRUPDQGZHUHFODVVL¿HGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPHDQLQJV WKDWDUHHIIHFWLYHLQJLYLQJ1RJKD\SHUVRQDOQDPHV .H\ZRUGV1RJKD\7XUNVSHUVRQDOQDPHV

7RSOXPKD\DWÕQGD|QHPOLELU\HULRODQNLúLDGODUÕDGELOLPLLoLQGHD\UÕ ELU DODQGÕU .LúL DGODUÕ ELOLPL DQWKURSRQ\P\ EX ELOLP GDOÕ LoLQGH \HU DODQ |]HODGODUÕQøQJRQRPDVWLFV)URQRPDVWLTXH$OPRQRPDVWLNQDPHQNXQGH EH]HLFKQXQJVNXQGH LQFHOHPH NRQXODUÕQGDQ ELULGLU $NVDQ , .LúL DGODUÕDGÕYHUHQLQNDUDNWHUL]HYNOHULH÷LOLPOHULGQ\DJ|UúLoLQGHEXOXQGX÷X WRSOXPXQ\DSÕVÕNOWUGLOLJHOHQHNOHULYELOHLOJLOLELOJLOHUYHULU%XVHEHSWHQ NLúLDGODUÕWRSOXPELOLPLKDONELOLPLNOWUWDULKLGLOELOLPLJLELSHNoRNELOLP GDOÕQÕQGDNRQXVXROPXúWXU.DUDKDQ $G YHUPH JHOHQH÷L 7UN NOWUQGH |QHPOL ELU \HU WXWPDNWDGÕU .LúL DGODUÕQÕQYHULOPHVL7UNWRSOXPXQGDGLQVHOQLWHOLNOLELUW|UHQOHJHUoHNOHúPHNWH YHELUoRN7UNWRSOXOX÷XQGDWR\G÷Q \DSÕODUDNNXWODQPDNWDGÕU%DODJDDW DWDPDoRFX÷DDGNR\PD .ÕSoDN7UNOHULQGHQRODQ1RJD\ODUGDGDWR\\DSÕODUDN NXWODQÕU'L÷HU7UNWRSOXOXNODUÕQGDROGX÷XJLELDG|QFHGHQWHVSLWHGLOLUYHEX DPDoLoLQWHUWLSOHQHQELUWRSODQWÕLOHoRFX÷DYHULOLU 1RJD\ODUÕQ³
1RJD\7UNOHULQGH.LúL$GODUÕ

EH÷HQLOHQYH\D|]HQLOHQNLúLOHULQDGODUÕPRGDDGODUDQQHYHEDEDQÕQDGODUÕQÕQ ELUOHúWLULOPHVL\OHROXúWXUXODQDGODUVL\DVvWDULKOHLOJLOLDGODUNDKUDPDQOÕNDGODUÕ JL]OL JoOHULQ HWNLVLQGHQ NRUXQPDN LoLQ YHULOHQ DGODU ORKXVDQÕQ RGDVÕQD LON JLUHQ NLúL GLNNDWH DOÕQDUDN YHULOHQ DGODU oRFX÷XQ \DúDPDVÕ GLOH÷L\OH NRQXODQ DGODU \HQL NDYUDPODUOD LOJLOL DGODU KD\DW WDU]ÕQÕQ oHYUHQLQ HWNLVL\OH YHULOHQ DGODUoRFX÷XQoLIWPLOOL\HWHVDKLSROPDVÕGXUXPXQGDV|\OH\LúDoÕVÕQGDQRUWDN RODELOHFHNDGODUoRFXNODUÕQGR÷XúVÕUDVÕGR÷DQoRFX÷XQVRQROPDVÕWHPHQQLVL YHDLOHGHNLoRFXNVD\ÕVÕQDJ|UH\DSÕODQDGODQGÕUPDODUYEELUoRNGXUXPoRFX÷D DGYHULUNHQHWNLOLRODELOPHNWHGLU
12*$<.øùø$'/$5,1,1ù(.ø/9($1/$0g=(//ø./(5ø $ù(.ø/g=(//ø./(5ø 1RJD\ODUGD NXOODQÕODQ DGODUGD NDWÕ IRQHWLN NXUDOODU \RNWXU ELUoRN DGÕQ LNLOL úHNLOOHULQH JaN¶OL GaW¶OL IaS laD¶OÕ UDVWODQPDNWD ELU .ÕSoDN OHKoHVL RODQ 1RJD\ 7UNoHVLQGH NLúL DGODUÕQGD 2÷X] 7UNoHVL |]HOOLNOHUL GH J|UOHELOPHNWHGLU$OLEHNabOLEHNbUZJÕ]a4Õ]WDPDP*HOGLPRUDWa.HOGLPXUDW *OúD[DUa.OLP[DQ*QGRJDQa.QWXZJDQ6DIDUEL\a6DSDUDOLYE 1RJD\7UNOHULQGH NXOODQÕODQ NDGÕQ YH HUNHN DGODUÕQÕQ úHNLO |]HOOLNOHUL úXQODUGÕU

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

%$6ø7$'/$5 7UNoH %DVLW $GODU 1RJD\ NLúL DGODUÕ JHQHOOLNOH ELUGHQ ID]OD KHFHOLGLU YH7UNoH N|NHQOL RODQODUÕ PXKWHPHOHQ HNOL YH\D ELUOHúLN \DSÕGDGÕU $úD÷ÕGDNLDGODUÕLKWL\DWND\GÕ\OD7UNoHYHEDVLW\DSÕOÕRODUDNNDEXOHWWLN .DGÕQ$GODUÕ$OWÕQ%DD%L\NH


0DVWDUùHNOLQGHNL$GODU .DGÕQ$GODUÕ%DQXZ%DWXZø\VXZ.QGDUZ0D\ODZ0VLUHZ 1lúZ6D\ODZ
'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

³%L\NH´ YH\D ³%LNH´ LOH %LWHQ .DGÕQ $GODUÕ ³+DQÕP´ DQODPÕQD JHOHQ EX NHOLPH ELUoRN NDGÕQ DGÕQÕ WDPDPODPDNWDGÕU $\ELNH bFLEL\NH %DOEL\NH%D\UDPEL\NH%D]DUEL\NH%HNEL\NH%RUDQEL\NH(OEL\NH(VHQEL\NH ;DQEL\NH.|úEL\NH.QEL\NH4DGÕUEL\NH4DPEL\NH4XUPDQEL\NH1XUEL\NH 2UD]EL\NH gWHEL\NH 5ÕVOÕEL\NH ùDUEL\NH 7DxEL\NH 7D\EL\NH 7RTEL\NH


³$OL´ LOH %LWHQ (UNHN $GODUÕ $VDQDOL %D\UDPDOL %HJDOL ,QGÕUDOL øPDPDOL øVWDPDOL .|úDOL 4ÕGÕUDOL 4XUPDQDOL 0lPHWDOL 0HxODOL 0ROODOL 0XUDWDOL0XUWDGDOL2UD]DOL6DEDQDOL6DSDUDOL6H\LWDOL7HxDOL
'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

³0DQEHW´ YH\D ³0DPEHW´ LOH %LWHQ (UNHN $GODUÕ $GD HNOHQHQ ³0DQEHW´ YH\D ³0DPEHW´ $UDSoD ³0XKDPPHG´ DGÕQGDQ NÕVDOPÕúWÕU $GGDNL EXNÕVDOPDQÕQVHEHELNROD\V|\OHPHLKWL\DFÕYHHQD]oDEDNDQXQXGXU1RJD\ HUNHNDGODUÕDUDVÕQGDWHNEDúÕQDGDNXOODQÕODQ³0XKDPPHG´1RJD\7UNoHVLQLQ VHVGH÷LúLNOLNOHULQHX\JXQúHNLOGH³0DJRPHW´úHNOLQGHGH\DúDPDNWDYHLúOHN RODUDN NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU 7HN EDúÕQD ³0DQEHW´ DGÕ GD YDUGÕU %X DG ELUOHúLN DGODUGDDGODUÕQVRQXQDHNOHQHUHNNXOODQÕOÕU$FPDPEHW$TPDQEHW%D\PDQEHW %HNPDQEHW 'LOPDQEHW 'R\PDQEHW (VPDQEHW 4ÕVPHQEHW .|úPDQEHW 0lPEHW0DQEHW1XUPDQEHW2UD]PDQEHW

ELUOHúLNELUHUNHNDGÕRODUDNNXOODQÕOPDVÕQD$N1RJD\ODUDUDVÕQGDUDVWODQPÕúWÕU .HOGL[DQ. ³*HOGL´ LOH %LWHQ (UNHN$GODUÕ ³*HOGL´ ¿LOL ELUOHúLN HUNHN DGODUÕQGD GDKDoRNVRQGDNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU$PDQJHOGL'FXPDJHOGL(VHQJHOGL2UD]JHOGL

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

\|QQGHQEXJUXEDJLUHQDGODUGDQGÕU (UNHN$GODUÕ ³$T´LOH%DúOD\DQ(UNHN$GODUÕ$TERODW$TPDQEHW$TPXU]D$TWD\ ³4DUD´ LOH %DúOD\DQ (UNHN $GODUÕ 4DUD\DQ NDUD FDQ 4DUDGDZ 4DUDVD\4DUD\GDUNDUD+D\GDU ³bFL´ LOH %DúOD\DQ (UNHN $GODUÕ ³bFL´ KDFÕ LOH NXOODQÕODQ DGODU bFLEDWLUbFLED\UDPbFLJHUH\bFLNHULPbFLPROODbFLPXU]DbFLPXVDbFLVKDT ³bOLP´ LOH %DúOD\DQ (UNHN $GODUÕ ³%LOJLQ kOLP´ DQODPÕQD JHOHQ ³lOLP´WHNEDúÕQDGDNXOODQÕODQELUHUNHNDGÕGÕUbOLPJD]ÕbOLPJHUH\bOLP[DQ ³%D\´LOH%DúOD\DQ(UNHN$GODUÕ³%D\´]HQJLQ LOHNXOODQÕODQDGODU %D\GHPLU%D\HW%D\JDGÕ%D\PDQEHW%D\PÕU]D%D\úRUD. ³


YH³%L\GD\´(VNL7UNoHGH%RJGD\ 5iVRQ\Õ EXWU DGODUGDQGÕU 'LOHN$GODUÕ

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

.Õ]DGODUÕQGDQ0VLUHZ\DOYDUDUDNHOGHHWPHN 6D\ODZVHoPHNVHoLS D\ÕUPDN DQODPRODUDNEXJUXEXQLoLQGHGLU (VNL 7UN NOWUQGH *|N WDQUÕ LQDQFÕ YH ùDPDQL]P¶LQ HWNLOHULQLQ GHULQOL÷L %XGL]P 0DQLKDL]P 1DVWRUL]P LOH ELUOLNWH GÕúDUÕGDQ JHOHQ GL÷HU XQVXUODUHUNHNDGODUÕLOHNDGÕQDGODUÕQÕD\ÕUPD\ÕJoOHúWLUPLúWLU

HUNHNROPDVÕLVWHQPHNWHGLU$QFDN1RJD\ODUGDEXQXQWHUVLELUDGDGDUDVWODQPÕúWÕU .VHEL\NHNVHoRNLVWHPHN DGÕNÕ]HYOkGÕQLVWHQGL÷LQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU $UWÕNdRFXNøVWHQPH\LúLQL%LOGLUHQ$GODU dRFX÷XQ\DúDPDVÕLoLQNRQDQúXDGODU³GXU´DQODPÕ\ODNXOODQÕOGÕ\VDDUWÕN oRFXNLVWHQPHGL÷LQLGHLIDGHHGHELOLU$W\HWHU4XUXSWXUVÕQ7XUVÕQ7XUVÕQ[DQ 7R[WDU7RTWDU. 0XWOXOXN%DúDUÕ*LELø\L%LU+D\DW7DU]Õ'LOH\HQ$GODU $QDEDEDODUÕQ\HQLGR÷DQoRFXNLoLQVD÷OÕNPXWOXOXNUÕ]ÕN]HQJLQOLNYE ELUoRNúH\GLOHUOHU%XGLOHNOHUDGRODUDNNRQDELOLU 'R÷DQoRFX÷XQJ]HOKD\ÕUOÕELU|PUROVXQGL\HYHULOHQDGODU'lZOHW[DQ GlZOHW L\LOLN KD\ÕU øQDO LQDQÕODQ JYHQLOLU 4D\ÕUEHN TD\ÕUOÕ KD\ÕUOÕ 4XZDQD\TXZDQVHYLQPHN 1lVLS1DVLSDW1lVLS[DQ1lVLSOL2JÕUOÕ6X\XQ V\QV\LQVHYLQ 6\QELNH. dRFXN]HQJLQROVXQEROOXNLoLQGH\DúDVÕQGL\HYHULOHQDGODU0DOOÕEL\NH PDOOÕ KD\YDQOÕ 7RTEL\NH WRTWRN 7RTVDED WXUÕGR÷UXDGDOHWOL 5iVRQ\Õ @h]OLNHQ]GLN.D]|QGHJHOHQEDúDUÕOÕ EXWUDGODUGDQGÕU %\NYHJoOKD\YDQODUÕQHUNHNoRFXNODUÕQDDGROPDVÕ7UNONWHoRN \D\JÕQELUJHOHQHNROPXúWXU*FQFHVDUHWLQYH\ÕUWÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQVHPERORODQEX DGODU oRFX÷XQ \L÷LW ROPDVÕ GLOH÷L\OH YHULOLU $7.$ $UVODQ $UVODQEHN $UVODQEL\4DSODQ4D]EHN4D]ERODW4D]JHUH\. %lWLUDGÕQD%DWÕU%DWLUJLELúHNLOOHUGHGHUDVWODQPDNWDGÕU

111

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

*oVD÷ODPOÕNYHGD\DQÕNOÕOÕ÷ÕJ|VWHUHQED]ÕQHVQHOHULQDGODUÕEXJUXSWD \HUDOÕU%XQDJ|UHELoLPOH|]DUDVÕQGDNLED÷ODQWÕELUúH\LQ|]LOHRQXLIDGHHGHQ DG DUDVÕQGD GD YDUGÕU $7.$ $\GHPLU$TERODW ERODW oHOLN %D\GHPLU %HNERODW %HNWHPLU &HQWHPLU (UERODW .HQFHERODW 4DPERODW 4DVERODW 4D]ERODW7HPLUEHN7HPLUFDQ7HPLU[DQ7HPLU3RODW
112


³0XU]D´YH\D³PÕU]D´EH\ LOHNXOODQÕODQDGODUJ|UNHPOLDGODUGDQGÕU $TPXU]D bFLPXU]D %D\PÕU]D %lWLUPÕU]D %HNPXU]D ;DQPXU]D 4DQPXU]D 6DOLPÕU]DJHOHQH÷H J|UH 1RJD\ 7UNOHULQLQ E\NDQQHOHULQGHQ ELUL5iVRQ\Õ @$TWDPDTEH\D]ER÷D] $úXZ[DQDúXZVLQLUKLGGHW 'RPED\ úLúPDQ .|NNH] N|N PDYL \HúLO .UHQ NR\X VDUÕ 4DUDJ|] 4DUDúDúNDUDVDo 4DVERODWTDVNDú 4Õ]ÕOJO0DPÕU[DQPDPÕUúLúPDQ VHPL] 0HxODOLPHxOLEHQOL 0HxOLEL\0HxOLJHUH\6DUÕED\6DUÕEDVVDUÕEDú 6DUÕWD\ùDúOÕVDoOÕ 7RTDONDGÕQDGÕ³WÕUDúOÕ´DQODPÕQGD 7RTVDEDWRNWXOXP >JHOHQH÷HJ|UH1RJD\7UNOHULQLQE\NDQQHOHULQGHQELUL5iVRQ\Õ @ dRFX÷XQHVPHUROPDVÕLOHLOJLOLNXOODQÕODQ³TDUD´VÕIDWÕ\ODROXúWXUXOPXú RODQ 4DUDGDZ NDUD GHY 4DUDVD\ VD\ VÕ÷ GHULQ ROPD\DQ NÕVD ER\ LoLQ NXOODQÕOPÕú RODELOLU 4DUD\DQ \DQ FDQ 4DUD\GDU 4DUD +D\GDU EX WU DGODUGDQGÕU 'R÷XPGDQ6RQUDøON*|]HdDUSDQYH\D$GÕ*HoHQ1HVQHYH\D+D\YDQ $TWD\ $7.$ EH\D] WD\ 4DSODQ 4DúDZ R\PD NDOHPL NHVNL 4D]EHNTD]ND] 4D]ERODW4D]JHUH\4ÕOÕúJHUH\TÕOÕúNÕOÕo 4R\OÕED\TR\OÕ NR\XQOX 4XUPDQ2÷X]YH.ÕSoDNODUGD\D\OÕN\D\NDEÕ '/7$7.$ 4XUPDQDOL 4XUPDQED\ 4XUPDQEL\NH 0DOD[DQ PDOD WÕUPÕN 6DUÕWD\ 6DZTDWKHGL\H ùRTD\GHULGHQ\DSÕOPÕúELUWUD\DNNDEÕ 7D\EL\NHWD\DWÕQ \DYUXVX
'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

'R÷XPGDQ 6RQUD dDGÕUD 2GD\D øON *LUHQ .LPVH $YXOGD %XOXQDQ

'÷QJQGR÷DQoRFX÷DYHULOHQDG7R\ELNH'R\PDQEHW. 6HIHU VÕUDVÕQGD GR÷DQ oRFX÷D YHULOHQ DG 6DIDUEL\ 6DSDUDOL 6HSHU[DQ
øoLQGH³D\´RODQKHUDGWRWHPDGÕGH÷LOGLU

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

.LúLOHUH%D÷OÕ2ODUDN9HULOPLú$GODU 0LOOHWLQ+D\DOYH+DWÕUDVÕQGD<FHOWLOHQ.LúLOHULQ$GODUÕ $GÕGX\XOPXúPHúKXUELU\L÷LGLQDGÕQÕYHUPHNGHkGHWWHQGLU%|\OHOLNOH oRFX÷XQ GD D\QÕ úHNLOGH \L÷LW ROPDVÕ WHPHQQL HGLOLU g]HOOLNOH KDON DUDVÕQGD DGÕ N|W\H oÕNPÕú ELULQLQ LVPLQLQ YHULOPHPHVLQH GLNNDW HGLOLU 1RJD\ODUGDDWÕ D\WXYOÕ³DGÕDQÕODQQDPVDOPÕú´GH\LPLYDUGÕU$WÕxGÕ\DPDQGDxNNDúÕJDUPD EDODPlUYD\WWÕUPDJDúDOÕV³$GÕQÕN|W\HoÕNDUPD\DYUXPL\LDQÕOPD\DoDOÕú´ V|]E\NOHULQNHQGLQGHQNoNOHUHPXWODNDYHUGLNOHULELU|÷WWU.DSD\HY 6ROWDQPRUDW8PDUgPHU 8PDUJD]ÕPLOOHWLQKD\DOYHKDWÕUDVÕQGD \FHOWLOHQNLúLOHULQDGODUÕQGDQGÕU 5XVoD$GODU 1RJD\ 7UNOHUL DUDVÕQGD 5XV DGODUÕ GD \D\JÕQGÕU (UNHN DGODUÕ RODUDN YHULOHQ 6ÕWDOLQDW 6ÕWDOLQEH\ 9DOHUL\ YE NDGÕQ DGODUÕQGDQ $OPLWD (OPLUD *HOHQD0L\DQGD6RI\DYEEXQODUGDQED]ÕODUÕGÕU 12*$<&$$'/$5 12*$<&$.$',1$'/$5, A $ELEDW $ELGDW $IXZFDQ $TOLPH $TPDxOD\ $TWDPDN $OPLUD $OWÕQ $PDQVÕOXZ $PLQDW $SXZ]DU $VÕO $VL\DW $VOÕ[DQ $úXZ[DQ $ZDV[DQ $\ELNH $\JO $\SDUD $\VH

$\VH[DQ $\VÕOXZ $\úDW $\W[DQ $\WXZOÕ b bEL\EH bFLEL\NH bFL[DQ bQLSHW bOLPH bOLPHW bOLP[DQ bUZFDQ bUZJÕ] bUZ[DQ bUZ]DW bVLUHW bVL\HW bVNHU[DQ

% %DD %DOEL\NH %DOVHNHU %DQXZ %DSX %DWXZ %D\UDPEL\NH %D\UDP[DQ %D\UDú %D]DUEL\NH %D]DU[DQ %lWL %lWRN %lWRú %HNEL\NH %HNLQDW %HUGDXV %L\NH %RUDQEL\NH %RUVÕ\

& &HQQHW[DQ D 'lPHNH\ 'lPHV[DQ 'lZHWH\ 'lZOHW[DQ 'RGDZ 'RGÕ\ ( (GL\D (OEL\NH (PLQH (UNH[DQ (UWX (VHQEL\NH F )DULGD )DUL]DW )DWLPDW G


*OOL *OQDUD *OQD]DU *OVLP *OúD[DU ; ;DQEL\NH ;DQL\ ø øPVÕQD\ øQFL[DQ ø\VLP ø\VLP[DQ ø\VLQGLN ø\VXZ . .HED[DQ .HED\ .HOGL[DQ .HQFH[DQ .HULPH .HZVDU .|NH\ .|NNH] .|úEL\NH .OLP[DQ .OL]DU .OVL .OVLP .PLV .PLV[DQ .QEL\NH .QGDUZ .QVÕOXZ .UHQ .VHEL\NH .úOL[DQ 4 4DGÕUEL\NH 4DPEL\NH

4DQGD]D 4DQLSHW 4DQLWDW 4DQL\ 4DUDJ|] 4DUDO[DQ 4DUDúDú 4DUOÕ 4DWDPD\ 4DZVDUDW 4ÕOÕú[DQ 4UÕP 4ÕUÕP[DQ 4Õ]ÕOJO 4RTD 4RTDú 4XUDV[DQ 4XUPDQEL\NH 0 0DGLQD 0DOD[DQ 0DOL\DW 0DOOÕEL\NH 0DPÕU[DQ 0DU¶\Hú 0DUFDQ 0DU[DED 0DULSDW 0lUL\HP 0DU]L\H 0DWDú 0D\ODZ 0D\OÕ[DQ 0D\RU 0HGLQH 0HNHU[DQ 0HNNH 0HxOL[DQ 0HxVÕOXZ

0HVNX 0ÕUDW[DQ 0LQDW 0LVLU[DQ 0NPLQDW 0VLUHZ 0VOLPDW 0WOL 1 1D¿VH 1DSLVDW 1DUEL\NH 1DVLSDW 1D]OÕEHN 1lVLS[DQ 1lVLSOL 1lúZ 1l\PH 1XUEL\NH 1XUFDQ 1XU[DQ 1XULSDW 2 2UD]ELNH 2UD]EL\NH 2UD][DQ Ö gOPHV gOPHV[DQ gWHEL\NH 3 3DSDú 3DUL]DW 5 5DEL\DW 5D\[DQ 5D\PH 5D]L\HW 5ÕVOÕEL\NH S

6DELUDW 6DNLQHW 6DOL\DW 6DSL\HW Saray 6D\EDW Saylaw 6lOLPH 6lOLPHW 6lOLP[DQ 6lQL\HW 6lSHOHN 6HNHU[DQ 6HSHU[DQ 6Õ\OÕ 6Õ\OÕ[DQ 6R¿\DW 6ROWDQDW 6WDPEÕO[DQ 6ZUHW 6\GLP[DQ 6\GP[DQ 6\ULN 6\QELNH ù ùDEZDU ùDUEL\NH ùDúOÕ ùD\GDW 7 7DQELNH 7DxEL\NH 7DxVÕOXZ 7DQVÕOXZ 7DQ\DWÕT 7DWXZH\ 7DZFDQ 7D\EDW 7D\EL\NH 7D\UDW

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

7lWLP 7lWOL 7lWOL[DQ 7ÕPÕV 7RTDO 7RTEL\NH 7RTVDED 7RWD\ 7RWD\[DQ 7RWÕPD\ 7RWÕ\ 7R\ELNH

8 8OÕ\PHW 8UNÕ\HW Ü h]OLNHQ h]OLSHú W :DLGDW Y

= =DOÕP[DQ =DULID =D\UDW =lELWH\ =lELW[DQ =HNL\ =H\QDS =ÕOÕ\TD =X[UD =XO¶¿\D

$QDGROX¶GD \DúD\DQ 1RJD\ 7UNOHUL DUDVÕQGD NÕ] oRFXNODUÕQD HVNLGHQ YHULOHQDQFDNJQP]GHNXOODQÕOPD\DQED]ÕDGODUWHVSLWHGLOPLúWLU 12*$<&$(5.(.$'/$5, A $EGXOJD]Õ $EGXO[DPLG $EGXOTDGÕU $EGXOTDVÕP $EGXOOD $EGXOPXVOLP $EGXUD[PDQ $EX $EXEHNLU $FGDXW $FPDPEHW $[PHW $TERODW $TPDQEHW $TPXU]D $TWD\

$ODZGLQ $OÕSTDú $OL $OLEHN bOLPJHUH\ $OODGLQ $PDQDTD\ $PDQED\ $PDQJDGÕ $PDQJHOGL $PDQNH\ $QZDU $SD] $SVDWDU $ULIXOOD $UVODQ $UVODQEHN

$UVODQEL\ $VDQ $VDQDOL $VDQEL\ $V[DG $úLP $W\HWHU $ZEHNLU $\GHPLU $\ÕS $\XE $]DPDW b bELG bEOH] bFLEDWLU bFLED\UDP

bFLJHUH\ bFLNHULP bFLPROOD bFLPXU]D bFLPXVD bFLV[DT bGLOJHUH\ bGLV bNLP bOLEHN bOLP bOLPJD]Õ bOLP[DQ bPLQ bPLUEL\ bPLU[DQ bPLW

$FÕTDQ $GXZOH $WLNH $]LPH %D\UDPTDQ %HNLú %HNNDQL %HNXY %ROGÕJÕ] &DFL\ &XPDú &XPD]L\H &O\FH 'DPDTDQ 'DPHú '|QG 'XUVXQ *|oHUED\ *OGDQH *OPDOHN *OSHUL +DFÕPHOHN øQFLEHN øQFLTDQ øVPLTDQ øVWDQEXOTDQ4DGLIH4DQEHOHN4DQLNH4DQLú4DVLGH4D\ÕU]DGH4Õ]WDPDP4XUEDQDSDND\0HQOLDSDND\1DVLSTDQ 1D\PH 1D]LN 1D]OÕEHN 1D]OÕTDQ 1D]PL\H 1WEL\H 3D]DUTDQ 5DEL\H 5D\PH 6DEUL\H 6DSL\H 6DúOÕEHN 6D\PH 6HSHUTDQ6HSOL6HYTD7DQVÕT7DWOÕEHN7HOHYTDQ7HOOLTDQ7RPD\7RPD\7RPLQD7RWD\7RWD\TDQ7R\Dú7R\ELNH =DNL\=DULSH.D\QDNNLúL+DVDQ%HQOL


bVNHUEL\ bVUHSL bZH] % %DDS %D[EL\ %DOJLVL %DZEHN %DZGLQ %D\GHPLU %D\HW %D\JDGÕ %D\PDQEHW %D\PÕU]D %D\UDP %D\UDPDOL %D\UDPEHUGL %D\UDPJD]Õ %D\UHPHW %D\úRUD %D]DUED\ %lLV %lLW %lOHZ %lOL %lWLU %lWLUEHN %lWLUJD]Õ %lWLUPÕU]D %HJDOL %HNEHUGL %HNERODW %HNHW %HNPDQEHW %HNPXU]D %HNWHPLU %HO\DO %ÕGD\[DQ %L\VROWDQ %L\WXOOD

%L\Z %OÕTD\ %RUDPJD]Õ %RWDú %R]\LJLW & &DEUDLO &DODOGLQ &DPDOGLQ &DPDZ &HQWHPLU &XPDJHOGL D 'DXW 'LOPDQEHW 'LQLEHN 'LQLVODP 'LQLú 'OLP[DQ 'RED\ 'RPED\ 'RUPD] 'R\PDQEHW '\VHQEL\ ( (OEROGÕ (OGDU (OJD\WDU (UDGLO (UERODW (UHFHS (UWXZJDQ (VEHUJHQ (VHQJHOGL (VPDQEHW (VWXZJDQ F )DULG )D]LO

G *HOGLPRUDW *QGRJDQ ; ;DOLPDW ;DQEL\ ;DQPXU]D ;DUXQ ;VLQ , ,GUÕV ,QGÕUDOL ,QGÕUED\ ø øEUDJLP øPDPDOL øQDO øUVXZ øVD øVDT øV[DT øVODP øVPDLO øVPDT øVWDPDOL . .HOGL[DQ .HOGLPXUDW .HOHPHW .HOHQGLN .HQFHERODW .HULP .|NNH] .|úDOL .|úHNED\ .|úHUED\ .|úPDQEHW .QWXZJDQ .VHS

4 4DGLU 4DLUEHN 4DOLú 4DPERODW 4DQDPDW 4DQPXU]D 4DSODQ 4DUDGDZ 4DUDVD\ 4DUD\DQ 4DUD\GDU 4DVERODW 4DVÕP 4DúDZ 4D\ÕUEHN 4D]EHN 4D]ERODW 4D]JHUH\ 4D]LZHW 4D]L\ 4D]XZ 4ÕGÕU 4ÕGÕUDOL 4ÕGÕUQL\D] 4ÕOÕúJHUH\ 4RFD[PHW 4RSÕú 4R\OÕED\ 4UXSWXUVÕQ 4XEUD\ 4XGD\EHUGL 4XGD\QHW 4XPDUDú 4XUJDQ 4XUÕ\ 4XUPDQ 4XUPDQDOL 4XUPDQED\ 4XUSÕú

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

4XZDQD\ 4XZDQGÕN / /XTSDQ 0 0DJRPHW 0D[PXG 0DPDú 0DQEHW 0DWDT 0DWD\ 0DXW 0DZOHGLQ 0DZOLP 0DZOLPEHUGL 0DZOW 0lPEHW 0lPHW 0lPHWDOL 0lPHZ 0HFLW 0HGHZ 0HxODOL 0HxOLEL\ 0HxOLJHUH\ 0ÕWDOODS 0ROODOL 0X[WDU 0XUDGDVÕO 0XUDGLQ 0XUDW 0XUDWDOL 0XUWDGDOL 0XU]DEHN 0XU]DEL\ 0XVD 0XVDEL\ 0XVOLP 0VLUEL\

1 1DFPXGLQ 1DQD\ 1DZUX] 1DZXUEHN 1lGLU 1L\D] 1L\D]EHN 1XTD\ 1XUDGLO 1XUJD]Õ 1XUJLVL 1XUOÕED\ 1XUPDQEHW 2 2JÕUOÕ 2UDú 2UD] 2UD]DOL 2UD]ED\ 2UD]JHOGL 2UD]PDQEHW 2UR]PDQEHW 2UR]QL\H] 2VSDQ 2WDU 2WDUED\ Ö gPLUEHN gPLU]DT gWHJXO gWHPLV gWHú g]EHN 5 5DPD]DQ 5DPEHUGL 5DVLO 5DúLG 5DúLG[DQ

S 6DDGLQ 6DEDQDOL 6DGXZDTDV 6DIDUEL\ 6DJÕQGÕT 6DOL[ 6DOLPÕU]D 6DOOÕED\ 6DQJLúL 6DxOÕED\ 6DSDUDOL 6DUD\GDU 6DUÕEDV 6DUÕED\ 6DUÕWD\ 6DUVHPEL 6DUVH\ 6DWD\ 6DWÕU 6DZTDW 6D\GLEHOL 6D\ÕW 6lOL 6lOLP 6lOLPJHUH\ 6HZXQGXT 6H\GD[PHW 6H\LW 6H\LWDOL 6H\SÕOOD 6H\SLGLQ 6H\SLW 6ÕGÕ\ÕT 6ROWDQ 6ROWDQEL\ 6ROWDQPXUDW 6|OWLN 6X\XQ 6OH\PHQ

6\LQGLN 6\QGN ù ùDEDQ ùD[LP ùlOLú ùlPHWH\ ùlPúLW ùlQWLN ùlZGLU ùHUSX ùLQJLO ùRTD\ ùRPDW ùPHW 7 7DxDWDU 7DZFDQ 7DZVROWDQ 7D\PDV 7D\PDV[DQ 7HPLUEHN 7HPLUFDQ 7HPLU[DQ 7HPLU3RODW 7HQJL] 7HxDOL 7R[WDU 7RTWDU 7|OHJHQ 7|OHPLV 7XTD\ 7XUXEHN 7UNEL\ 8 8OOÕEL\ 8PDU 8PDUJD]Õ 8UXVPXU]D 8]EHN


W :H]LU[DQ Y

=DOÕP[DQ =DUPDQEHW =DXUEHN =HNHU¶\D =H\QDGLQ =H\QDO =H\QXOOD =L\DZ =L\DZGLQ =XEDLU =XOTDQL\ =XOTDUQD\ =XQTDUQD\

.ÕVDOWPDODU $U$UDSoD $7.$$QDdL]JLOHUL\OH7UN.LúL$GODUÕ6LVWHPL

.D\QDNODU $.6$1'R÷DQ +HU<|Q\OH'LO$QDdL]JLOHUL\OH'LOELOLP7'.
121

'LOHN(UJ|QHQo$NEDED

ø1$1 $EGONDGLU ³'HGH .RUNXW .LWDEÕQGD (VNL øQDQoODU YH *HOHQHNOHU´ 7UN .OWU$UDúWÕUPDODUÕV .$/$)$7
122

dil arastirmalari 10 2012 bahar

Recommend Documents