FIELD DESCRIPTIONS

FIELD DESCRIPTIONS The table below lists all the fields shown in the FarmInfo report. In some cases, links are provided to sections that provide more detail. Simply click on the respective section numbers to navigate. FIELD NAME

DESCRIPTION

Registered extent

Field left empty (user can store information obtained from another source).

Buyer


Seller


Purchase date


Purchase price


Comment

Field left empty (user can store notes in this field).

Farm name

Property name as recorded by the Surveyor General.

Portion

Portion number as recorded by the Surveyor General.

Registration District

Name of registration district as recorded by the Surveyor General.

Land quality index

See Section 1 for more information.

Land types

List of land types (with percentage coverage) occurring on within property extent. See Section 2 for more information.

Cultivated (% of property)

Estimated percentage of property that is cultivated (or has recently been cultivated) as identified using satellite imagery.

Buildings

Estimated number of buildings on property, as identified using satellite imagery.

Vegetation

List of vegetation types (with percentage coverage) occurring on within property extent. See Section 4 for more information.

Chill units (h-1)

Average number of chill units for property. See Section 3.1 for more information.

Heat units (annual)

Average number of heat units for property. See Section 3.2 for more information.

Frost (days)

Number of frost days for property. See Section 3.3 for more information.

Mean annual rainfall (mm)

Mean annual rainfall of property. See Section 3.4 for more information.

Median Jan. rainfall (mm)

Monthly (January) long term median rainfall of property. See Section 3.4 more information.

Median Feb. rainfall (mm)

Monthly (January) long term median rainfall of property. See Section 3.4 for more information.

Median Mar. rainfall (mm)

Monthly (January) long term median rainfall of property. See Section 3.4

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for more information. Median Apr. rainfall (mm)


Median May rainfall (mm)


Median Jun. rainfall (mm)


Median Jul. rainfall (mm)


Median Aug. rainfall (mm)


Median Sept. rainfall (mm)


Median Oct. rainfall (mm)


Median Nov. rainfall (mm)


Median Dec. rainfall (mm)


Median annual Temp. (C)

Median annual temperature of property. See Section3.4 for more information.

Median Jan. Temp. (C)

Monthly (January) long term median temperature of property. See Section 3.4 for more information.

Median Feb. Temp. (C)


Median Mar. Temp. (C)


Median Apr. Temp. (C)


Median May Temp. (C)


Median Jun. Temp. (C)


Median Jul. Temp. (C)


Median Aug. Temp. (C)


Median Sept. Temp. (C)


Median Oct. Temp. (C)


Median Nov. Temp. (C)


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Median Dec. Temp. (C)


Jan. Min. Temp. (C)

Monthly (January) long term minimum temperature of property. See Section 3.4 for more information.

Feb. Min. Temp. (C)


Mar. Min. Temp. (C)


Apr. Min. Temp. (C)


May Min. Temp. (C)


Jun. Min. Temp. (C)


Jul. Min. Temp. (C)


Aug. Min. Temp. (C)


Sept. Min. Temp. (C)


Oct. Min. Temp. (C)


Nov. Min. Temp. (C)


Dec. Min. Temp. (C)


Jan. Max. Temp. (C)

Monthly (January) long term maximum temperature of property. See Section 3.4 for more information.

Feb. Max. Temp. (C)


Mar. Max. Temp. (C)


Apr. Max. Temp. (C)


May Max. Temp. (C)


Jun. Max. Temp. (C)


Jul. Max. Temp. (C)


Aug. Max. Temp. (C)


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Sept. Max. Temp. (C)


Oct. Max. Temp. (C)


Nov. Max. Temp. (C)


Dec. Max. Temp. (C)


Distance to town (km)

Euclidean (“as the crow flies”) distance to nearest town.

Distance to city (km)

Euclidean (“as the crow flies”) distance to nearest city.

Distance to airport (km)

Euclidean (“as the crow flies”) distance to nearest airport.

Distance to road (km)

Euclidean (“as the crow flies”) distance to nearest major road.

Distance to ocean (km)

Euclidean (“as the crow flies”) distance to ocean.

Distance to electricity (km)

Euclidean (“as the crow flies”) distance to nearest power line.

Grazing capacity (Ha / LSU)

Mean grazing capacity of property. See Section 4 for more information.

Coordinate of farm centroid (E, S)

Coordinates of farm centre. Can be imported into a GPS for navigation purposes. The first value represent decimal degrees west, while the second value represents decimal degrees south (negative value indicates location in the southern hemisphere).

Area (square metres)

Size of property as recorded by the Surveyor General.

1 LAND QUALITY INDEX Land quality index was developed as an indicator of soil suitability based on the requirements for perennial crop production. It enables FarmInfo users to do a comparative survey of the soil suitability of farming units in South Africa as captured by the Surveyor General. The index is particularly useful for comparing relative soil suitability – literally at a glance – between neighbouring farms and to distinguish the location of highly suitable soil from those with low suitability. The available report provides background information on the selected farm(s) in tabular form for easy comparison. 1.1

Guidelines to interpret the land quality index

Land quality index (LQI) values above 70 suggests that a property has soils that are on average rated as having a suitability of very high (the highest suitability class) for the production of perennial crops (see Table 1). Usually such values are associated with soils that have specific properties in terms of drainage class, depth, texture, etc. (excluding natural fertility) required for the growing of perennial crops. A LQI of below 10 means that for all practical reasons the soils of the property has (overall) a very low suitability (there might, however, be small areas with higher suitability) for perennial crop production and therefore the production capacity 4|Page

(potential) of the property is rated very low (the lowest possible suitability class), despite reasons of a possible suitable climate or favourable terrain position(s) that it might have. Table 1 Guidelines for interpreting the Land Quality Index Land quality index (out of 100)

Soil suitability class

Soil suitability class description

Less than 10

Very Low

The average rating for the area is so low that perennial crop production is not recommended

10 - <20

Low

The average rating for the area is low and perennial crop production is generally not recommended although possible in certain areas

20 - <30

Low to moderately low

The average rating for the area is low to moderate low and perennial crop production can be recommended in certain places

30 - <40

Moderately low

The average rating for the area is moderate low and perennial crop production can be recommended in certain places

40 - <50

Moderate

The average rating for the area is moderate and perennial crop production can be recommended in certain places

50 - <60

Moderately high to high

The average rating for the area is moderate high to high and perennial crop production can be recommended in many places

60 - <70

High

The average rating for the area is high and perennial crop production can be recommended in many places

70 and more

Very high

The average rating for the area is very high and perennial crop production can be recommended in most places

1.2

Definitions used:

“Agricultural potential” depends on the characteristics of land and management input. The concept "land", as it is used here, refers to the space used on and under the earth's surface. It has natural characteristics that include climate, soil, slope and vegetation. "Soil" is therefore not synonym with "land" but is only one of its determining characteristics. In terms of soil science the term "soil" refers to the surface layer of the earth’s crust. It is an integral part of the landscape with properties, aspect and distribution that is determined by the environmental factors e.g. climate, parent material, topography, flora, fauna and time. The term "soil" as used here includes the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the soil itself. It should therefore not be confused with the term "land”. Agricultural potential reflects the production capacity of land under specific management practices. Therefore, the individual components of land (soil, climate and topography or terrain) do not have an agricultural potential but only suitability with respect to agricultural activities. In this way a certain climate can be suitable for the cultivation of certain crops, but if the soil is unsuitable, the potential is low. In the same way a certain soil can have all the characteristics that make it suitable for the cultivation of a specific crop on a specific terrain, 5|Page

but if the climate is unfavourable the potential is low. However, if the climate is favourable the potential is high. The term soil suitability (Farminfo prefers to use the term Land Quality Index) is thus used here to refer to the capacity of the soil component of land. It excludes the influence of climate and topography. Potential for agricultural production (production capacity) of a certain piece of land can therefore only be determined if the suitability of soil, climate (including availability of water) and terrain is known as well as the specific management conditions. The maximum potential return or capacity of land can in practice only be achieved under optimum management practices. These practices include, among others, fertilisation, tillage, weed control, quality of seed, suitable implements, balanced capital investment and labour expenditure with the correct balance amongst the respective farming enterprises. 1.3

Description of “Land Quality Index”

The land quality index map was based on the “Soil suitability map of South Africa, Version 1.0 (Lambrecths et al., 2011). The Soil Suitability Map of South Africa (SSMSA) is based on the land type data of South Africa (scale 1:250 000) (Agricultural Research Council, 2010). An algorithm was developed to rate each land type according to its suitability for perennial crop production. The algorithm takes into consideration the individual soils within each land type, as well as the texture and depth of each soil profile. The result of the algorithm is a soil suitability index ranging from 0 to 100.

LQI (values in %) = (Area %) /100 * SSSR *10 * DT Rating (Table 2) where DT Rating = (D Rating + T Rating)/2 if Texture class = T1 or T2 or DT Rating = (D Rating/2 + T Rating)/2 if Texture class = T3 Table 2 Abbreviations used to derive at the LQI algorithm with full explanation that follows below the table Area %

A percentage area of a land type covered by a specific soil series.

SSSR

Soil Series Suitability Rating (Individual series rated by a panel of experts and averages calculated)

D Rating

Effective Soil Depth Rating

T Rating

Texture Class Rating

Area %: A percentage area of a land type covered by a specific soil series. A soil series is the basic unit of soil classification used during the Land Type Survey (Agricultural Research Council 2010) being a subdivision of a soil form and consisting of soils which are essentially alike in all major profile characteristics. It is the lowest category in a formal classification system (Van der Watt and Van Rooyen, 1995). 6|Page

SSSR: Soil series as reported in each land type was used for the soil series suitability rating and evaluated by soil scientists in the Western Cape (and afterwards it was also verified for specific areas outside the Western Cape where data were available for other parts of South Africa) in terms of its suitability for the commercial production of irrigated perennial crops. The SSSR ranges from 1 to 10, with 1 the lowest and 10 equal to the highest or best suitability. With the experience and knowledge accumulated over the years by soil scientists in the different production areas of the Western Cape, the SSSR can be seen as a reliable prediction of soil suitability. The ratings can be interpreted according to the guidelines in Table 3. Table 3 Interpretation of the soil series suitability rating (SSSR)

≤2

Very low

>2 - ≤ 3

Low

>3 - ≤ 4

Low-medium

Marginally recommended

>4 - ≤5

Medium

Conditionally recommended

>5 - ≤6

Medium-high

Recommended

>6

High

Highly recommended

Not recommended

D Rating: A soil characteristic frequently used in land suitability analysis is effective soil depth or rooting depth. Effective depth (D) is the limit to where plant roots can penetrate soil material to take up water, air and nutrients and consequently affecting soil and land suitability. Scotney et al. (1987, revised 1991) defined five classes of effective soil depth for South African conditions (Table 4) and the effective soil depth ratings that were used for the LQI calculation are shown in Table 5. Table 4 Boundaries for effective soil depth criteria

D1

Very deep

>1000

D2

Deep

600 – 1000

D3

Average depth

400 – 600

D4

Shallow

250 – 400

D5

Very shallow

< 250

Certain soil characteristics such as dense clay layers, weathering rock, bedrock, layering, and signs of wetness, are fairly easily recognizable as limiting factors on effective soil depth. Some soil characteristics such as acid subsoil or textural changes with depth are more difficult to determine. Table 5 Depth class ratings assigned by soil scientists for LQI calculation purposes

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D1

10.0

D2

7.5

D3

5.0

D4

2.5

D5

1.0

T Rating: Texture is the relative proportions of the various separates in the soil as described by the classes shown in soil texture and sand grade diagrams Table 6 illustrates the particle sizes of the main soil texture types. Table 6 Particle sizes of the main soil texture types Sand

2.0 – 0.05

Silt

0.05 – 0.002

Clay

< 0.002

Table 7 Table 8 Table 7 Soil texture classes

T1

T2 T3

Undifferentiated

15 - 30

Dystrophic (highly leached)

15 - 45

Undifferentiated

10 – 15; 30 - 35

Dystrophic

45 - 55

Undifferentiated

< 10; > 55

Table 8 Texture class ratings assigned by soil scientists for SSIV calculation purposes

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T1

10

T2

8

T3

6

2 LAND TYPES A Land Type (e.g. Ac27) is a map unit denoting land, mapable at 1:250 000 scale, over which there is a marked uniformity of climate, terrain form and soil pattern (Agricultural Research Council, 2010). Land Type information was used to interpret the soil series defined for each Land Type that were used to derive at the Land Quality Index. The figures in brackets give the approximate percentage coverage of a Land Type on the selected parcel of land.

3 CLIMATIC DATA 3.1

Chill units (h-1)

A chill unit is a measurement allocated when temperatures are in between certain parameters. Deciduous fruit trees require a certain period of winter chilling to complete their dormancy during May to August. They require 200 – 700 positive chill units (PCU) or chilling hours. Every hour of exposure to 18 °C or more will negate one chilling hour. The chill units (PCU) given here might help to decide whether the property has the climatic potential to grow these crops. Table 9 gives guidelines of Chill units for fruit trees (Schulze, 1997). Table 9 Chill units for fruit trees

3.2

Apples and pears

800 - 1000

Apricots

400 - 600

Blueberries

220 - 600

Cherries

>1000

Figs

200 - 300

Grapes

300 - 1000

Peaches and nectarines

200 - 300

Pecans

300 - 1120

Plums and prunes

300 - 750

Quinces

300 - 400

Walnuts

700 - 1400

Heat units (annual)

Heat units (expressed in degree days) above 10 °C. Heat units refer to the difference between the average temperature ((maximum+minimum)/2) for the day and a base temperature (here 10°C) summed over the whole year. For example, if the threshold temperature is 10 °C and the mean temperature of a given day is 20 °C, the degree days or heat units are 10 (20 – 10) If the mean January temperature is 20 °C, the heat units will be 310 (20-10) x 31). There are certain 9|Page

upper and lower temperature limits where crop growth is retarded or stops. Table 10 gives guidelines on heat units for selected crops. Table 10 Heat units for selected summer rainfall crops (Clemence et al., 1987)

3.3

Maize (tassel) (maturity)

10.0 10.0

30 30

750 1500

Soybeans

10.0

40

1500

Dry beans

10.0

30

1100

Cotton

12.0

35

2000

Wheat, oats

4.4

30

1200

Potatoes

10.0

22

1000

Lucerne

5.0

30

1500

Sunflowers

10.0

30

1500

Sugarcane

12.0

35

2000

Frost (days)

The duration of the frost period is defined by Schulze (1997) as the number of days between the average first date of heavy frost and the average last date of heavy frost. The figures given (in days), does not imply that frost occurs on every day but only the number of actual days with frost. A figure of minus 9999 means that no frost occurs. 3.4

Rainfall and Temperature

Mean and median annual and monthly rainfall (mm) and all temperature figures were obtained from Lynch and Schulze (2006) and Schulze and Maharaj (2006) respectively.

4 GRAZING CAPACITY Grazing capacity was obtained from the AGIS website. The map is a refinement of a draft grazing capacity map that was produced by Pretorius in 2001 by correlating the maximum NDVI image for 2000 with animal unit (AU) values from earlier (1993) grazing capacity maps. Refinements took the form of incorporating land cover and tree density data.

5 VEGETATION TYPES The vegetation types were obtained from the Vegetation Atlas of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006). A list of vegetation types occurring in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland is shown in

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Table 11.

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Table 11 Vegetation types VEGETATION TYPES FFs 1 Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos FFs 2 Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos FFs 3 Olifants Sandstone Fynbos FFs 4 Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 5 Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos FFs 6 Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 7 North Hex Sandstone Fynbos FFs 8 South Hex Sandstone Fynbos FFs 9 Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos FFs 10 Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos FFs 11 Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 12 Overberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 13 North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos FFs 14 South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos FFs 15 North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 16 South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 17 Potberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 18 North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos FFs 19 South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos FFs 20 Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos FFs 21 North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 22 South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 23 North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 24 South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos FFs 25 North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos FFs 26 South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos FFs 27 Kouga Sandstone Fynbos FFs 28 Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos FFs 29 Algoa Sandstone Fynbos FFs 30 Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos FFs 31 Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos FFq 1 Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos FFq 2 Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos FFq 3 Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos

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FFq 4 Breede Quartzite Fynbos FFq 5 Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos FFq 6 Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos FFd 1 Namaqualand Sand Fynbos FFd 2 Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos FFd 3 Hopefield Sand Fynbos FFd 4 Atlantis Sand Fynbos FFd 5 Cape Flats Sand Fynbos FFd 6 Hangklip Sand Fynbos FFd 7 Agulhas Sand Fynbos FFd 8 Breede Sand Fynbos FFd 9 Albertinia Sand Fynbos FFd 10 Knysna Sand Fynbos FFd 11 Southern Cape Dune Fynbos FFh 1 Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos FFh 2 Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos FFh 3 Swartberg Shale Fynbos FFh 4 Breede Shale Fynbos FFh 5 Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos FFh 6 Elgin Shale Fynbos FFh 7 Greyton Shale Fynbos FFh 8 Montagu Shale Fynbos FFh 9 Garden Route Shale Fynbos FFh 10 Suurberg Shale Fynbos FFb 1 Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation FFb 2 Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation FFb 3 Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation FFb 4 Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation FFb 5 Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation FFb 6 Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation FFt 1 Kango Conglomerate Fynbos FFt 2 Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos FFa 1 Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos FFa 2 Breede Alluvium Fynbos FFa 3 Swartland Alluvium Fynbos

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FFa 4 Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos FFg 1 Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos FFg 2 Boland Granite Fynbos FFg 3 Peninsula Granite Fynbos FFg 4 Robertson Granite Fynbos FFg 5 Garden Route Granite Fynbos FFc 1 Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos FFf 1 Elim Ferricrete Fynbos FFf 2 Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos FFl 1 Agulhas Limestone Fynbos FFl 2 De Hoop Limestone Fynbos FFl 3 Canca Limestone Fynbos FRs 1 Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld FRs 2 Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld FRs 3 Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld FRs 4 Ceres Shale Renosterveld FRs 5 Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld FRs 6 Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld FRs 7 Montagu Shale Renosterveld FRs 8 Breede Shale Renosterveld FRs 9 Swartland Shale Renosterveld FRs 10 Peninsula Shale Renosterveld FRs 11 Western R1ens Shale Renosterveld FRs 12 Central R1ens Shale Renosterveld FRs 13 Eastern R1ens Shale Renosterveld FRs 14 Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld FRs 15 Swartberg Shale Renosterveld FRs 16 Uniondale Shale Renosterveld FRs 17 Langkloof Shale Renosterveld FRs 18 Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld FRs 19 Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld FRg 1 Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld FRg 2 Swartland Granite Renosterveld FRg 3 Robertson Granite Renosterveld FRd 1 Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld

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FRd 2 Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld FRa 1 Breede Alluvium Renosterveld FRa 2 Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld FRc 1 Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld FRc 2 R1ens Silcrete Renosterveld FRl 1 Kango Limestone Renosterveld FS 1 Lambert's Bay Strandveld FS 2 Saldanha Granite Strandveld FS 3 Saldanha Flats Strandveld FS 4 Saldanha Limestone Strandveld FS 5 Langebaan Dune Strandveld FS 6 Cape Flats Dune Strandveld FS 7 Overberg Dune Strandveld FS 8 Blombos Strandveld FS 9 Groot Brak Dune Strandveld SKr 1 Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland SKr 2 Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland SKr 3 Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland SKr 4 Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland SKr 5 Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland SKr 6 Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland SKr 7 Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld SKr 8 Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland SKr 9 Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland SKr 10 Die Plate Succulent Shrubland SKr 11 Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld SKr 12 Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland SKr 13 Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld SKr 14 Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland SKr 15 Anenous Plateau Shrubland SKr 16 Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland SKr 17 Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland SKr 18 Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland SKr 19 Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld SKn 1 Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland

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SKn 2 Namaqualand Shale Shrubland SKn 3 Namaqualand Blomveld SKn 4 Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld SKn 5 Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland SKn 6 Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland SKs 1 Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld SKs 2 Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld SKs 3 Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld SKs 4 Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld SKs 5 Richtersveld Red Duneveld SKs 6 Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland SKs 7 Namaqualand Strandveld SKs 8 Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld SKs 9 Namaqualand Inland Duneveld SKs 10 Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld SKs 11 Namaqualand Arid Grassland SKs 12 Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland SKs 13 Klawer Sandy Shrubland SKk 1 Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld SKk 2 Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld SKk 3 Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld SKk 4 Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld SKk 5 Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld SKk 6 Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld SKk 7 Citrusdal Vygieveld SKk 8 Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland SKt 1 Western Bushmanland Klipveld SKt 2 Hantam Karoo SKt 3 Roggeveld Karoo SKv 1 Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo SKv 2 Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo SKv 3 Agter-Sederberg Shrubland SKv 4 Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland SKv 5 Tanqua Karoo SKv 6 Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo

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SKv 7 Robertson Karoo SKv 8 Western Little Karoo SKv 9 Western Gwarrieveld SKv 10 Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld SKv 11 Eastern Little Karoo SKv 12 Willowmore Gwarrieveld SKv 13 Prince Albert Succulent Karoo SKv 14 Steytlerville Karoo Dn 1 Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld Dn 2 Namib Lichen Fields Dn 3 Western Gariep Plains Desert Dn 4 Western Gariep Lowland Desert Dn 5 Western Gariep Hills Desert Dg 1 Noms Mountain Desert Dg 2 Richtersberg Mountain Desert Dg 3 Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert Dg 4 Kwaggarug Mountain Desert Dg 5 Kahams Mountain Desert Dg 6 Helskloof Canyon Desert Dg 7 Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert Dg 8 Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert Dg 9 Eastern Gariep Plains Desert Dg 10 Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert NKb 1 Lower Gariep Broken Veld NKb 2 Blouputs Karroid Thornveld NKb 3 Bushmanland Arid Grassland NKb 4 Bushmanland Sandy Grassland NKb 5 Kalahari Karroid Shrubland NKb 6 Bushmanland Basin Shrubland NKu 1 Western Upper Karoo NKu 2 Upper Karoo Hardeveld NKu 3 Northern Upper Karoo NKu 4 Eastern Upper Karoo NKl 1 Gamka Karoo NKl 2 Eastern Lower Karoo

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NKl 3 Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld NKl 4 Albany Broken Veld Gd 1 Amathole Montane Grassland Gd 2 Amathole Mistbelt Grassland Gd 3 Stormberg Plateau Grassland Gd 4 Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland Gd 5 Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland Gd 6 Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos Gd 7 uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland Gd 8 Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland Gd 9 Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland Gd 10 Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland Gh 1 Karoo Escarpment Grassland Gh 2 Aliwal North Dry Grassland Gh 3 Xhariep Karroid Grassland Gh 4 Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland Gh 5 Bloemfontein Dry Grassland Gh 6 Central Free State Grassland Gh 7 Winburg Grassy Shrubland Gh 8 Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland Gh 9 Western Free State Clay Grassland Gh 10 Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland Gh 11 Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland Gh 12 Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland Gh 13 Klerksdorp Thornveld Gh 14 Western Highveld Sandy Grassland Gh 15 Carletonville Dolomite Grassland Gm 1 Zastron Moist Grassland Gm 2 Senqu Montane Shrubland Gm 3 Eastern Free State Clay Grassland Gm 4 Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland Gm 5 Basotho Montane Shrubland Gm 6 Frankfort Highveld Grassland Gm 7 Northern Free State Shrubland Gm 8 Soweto Highveld Grassland

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Gm 9 Tsakane Clay Grassland Gm 10 Egoli Granite Grassland Gm 11 Rand Highveld Grassland Gm 12 Eastern Highveld Grassland Gm 13 Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland Gm 14 Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland Gm 15 Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland Gm 16 KaNgwane Montane Grassland Gm 17 Barberton Montane Grassland Gm 18 Lydenburg Montane Grassland Gm 19 Sekhukhune Montane Grassland Gm 20 Leolo Summit Sourveld Gm 21 Lydenburg Thornveld Gm 22 Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland Gm 23 Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld Gm 24 Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos Gm 25 Woodbush Granite Grassland Gm 26 Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland Gm 27 Strydpoort Summit Sourveld Gm 28 Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld Gm 29 Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld Gs 1 Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland Gs 2 Ithala Quartzite Sourveld Gs 3 Low Escarpment Moist Grassland Gs 4 Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland Gs 5 Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland Gs 6 KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld Gs 7 Income Sandy Grassland Gs 8 Mooi River Highland Grassland Gs 9 Midlands Mistbelt Grassland Gs 10 Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland Gs 11 Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland Gs 12 East Griqualand Grassland Gs 13 Mabela Sandy Grassland Gs 14 Mthatha Moist Grassland

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Gs 15 Tsomo Grassland Gs 16 Queenstown Thornveld Gs 17 Tarkastad Montane Shrubland Gs 18 Bedford Dry Grassland SVcb 1 Dwaalboom Thornveld SVcb 2 Madikwe Dolomite Bushveld SVcb 3 Zeerust Thornveld SVcb 4 Dwarsberg-Swartruggens Mountain Bushveld SVcb 5 Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld SVcb 6 Marikana Thornveld SVcb 7 Norite Koppies Bushveld SVcb 8 Moot Plains Bushveld SVcb 9 Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld SVcb 10 Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld SVcb 11 Andesite Mountain Bushveld SVcb 12 Central Sandy Bushveld SVcb 13 Loskop Mountain Bushveld SVcb 14 Loskop Thornveld SVcb 15 Springbokvlakte Thornveld SVcb 16 Western Sandy Bushveld SVcb 17 Waterberg Mountain Bushveld SVcb 18 Roodeberg Bushveld SVcb 19 Limpopo Sweet Bushveld SVcb 20 Makhado Sweet Bushveld SVcb 21 Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld SVcb 22 VhaVenda Miombo SVcb 23 Polokwane Plateau Bushveld SVcb 24 Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld SVcb 25 Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld SVcb 26 Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld SVcb 27 Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld SVcb 28 Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld SVmp 1 Musina Mopane Bushveld SVmp 2 Limpopo Ridge Bushveld SVmp 3 Cathedral Mopane Bushveld

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SVmp 4 Mopane Basalt Shrubland SVmp 5 Tsende Mopaneveld SVmp 6 Lowveld Rugged Mopaneveld SVmp 7 Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld SVmp 8 Mopane Gabbro Shrubland SVl 1 Makuleke Sandy Bushveld SVl 2 Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld SVl 3 Granite Lowveld SVl 4 Delagoa Lowveld SVl 5 Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld SVl 6 Gabbro Grassy Bushveld SVl 7 Gravelotte Rocky Bushveld SVl 8 Tzaneen Sour Bushveld SVl 9 Legogote Sour Bushveld SVl 10 Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld SVl 11 Malelane Mountain Bushveld SVl 12 Kaalrug Mountain Bushveld SVl 13 Barberton Serpentine Sourveld SVl 14 Swaziland Sour Bushveld SVl 15 Northern Lebombo Bushveld SVl 16 Southern Lebombo Bushveld SVl 17 Lebombo Summit Sourveld SVl 18 Tembe Sandy Bushveld SVl 19 Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld SVl 20 Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld SVl 21 Makatini Clay Thicket SVl 22 Northern Zululand Sourveld SVl 23 Zululand Lowveld SVl 24 Zululand Coastal Thornveld SVs 1 Thukela Valley Bushveld SVs 2 Thukela Thornveld SVs 3 KwaZulu-Natal Hinterland Thornveld SVs 4 Ngongoni Veld SVs 5 KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld SVs 6 Eastern Valley Bushveld

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SVs 7 Bhisho Thornveld SVk 1 Mafikeng Bushveld SVk 2 Stella Bushveld SVk 3 Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld SVk 4 Kimberley Thornveld SVk 5 Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland SVk 6 Schmidtsdrif Thornveld SVk 7 Ghaap Plateau Vaalbosveld SVk 8 Kuruman Vaalbosveld SVk 9 Kuruman Thornveld SVk 10 Kuruman Mountain Bushveld SVk 11 Molopo Bushveld SVk 12 Kathu Bushveld SVk 13 Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld SVk 14 Postmasburg Thornveld SVk 15 Koranna-Langeberg Mountain Bushveld SVk 16 Gordonia Plains Shrubland SVkd 1 Gordonia Duneveld SVkd 2 Gordonia Kameeldoring Bushveld SVkd 3 Auob Duneveld SVkd 4 Nossob Bushveld AT 1 Southern Cape Valley Thicket AT 2 Gamka Thicket AT 3 Groot Thicket AT 4 Gamtoos Thicket AT 5 Sundays Noorsveld AT 6 Sundays Thicket AT 7 Coega Bontveld AT 8 Kowie Thicket AT 9 Albany Coastal Belt AT 10 Great Fish Noorsveld AT 11 Great Fish Thicket AT 12 Buffels Thicket AT 13 Eastern Cape Escarpment Thicket AT 14 Camdebo Escarpment Thicket

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CB 1 Maputaland Coastal Belt CB 2 Maputaland Wooded Grassland CB 3 KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt CB 4 Pondoland-Ugu Sandstone Coastal Sourveld CB 5 Transkei Coastal Belt FOz 1 Southern Afrotemperate Forest FOz 2 Northern Afrotemperate Forest FOz 3 Southern Mistbelt Forest FOz 4 Northern Mistbelt Forest FOz 5 Scarp Forest FOz 6 Southern Coastal Forest FOz 7 Northern Coastal Forest FOz 8 Sand Forest FOz 9 Ironwood Dry Forest FOa 1 Lowveld Riverine Forest FOa 2 Swamp Forest FOa 3 Mangrove Forest AZe 1 Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes AZe 2 Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes AZe 3 Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes AZd 1 Namib Seashore Vegetation AZd 2 Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation AZd 3 Cape Seashore Vegetation AZd 4 Subtropical Seashore Vegetation AZs 1 Algoa Dune Strandveld AZs 2 Albany Dune Strandveld AZs 3 Subtropical Dune Thicket AZf 1 Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands AZf 2 Cape Vernal Pools AZf 3 Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands AZf 4 Drakensberg Wetlands AZf 5 Lesotho Mires AZf 6 Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands AZa 1 Fynbos Riparian Vegetation AZa 2 Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation

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AZa 3 Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation AZa 4 Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation AZa 5 Highveld Alluvial Vegetation AZa 6 Albany Alluvial Vegetation AZa 7 Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation AZi 1 Namaqualand Riviere AZi 2 Namaqualand Salt Pans AZi 3 Southern Kalahari Mekgacha AZi 4 Southern Kalahari Salt Pans AZi 5 Bushmanland Vloere AZi 6 Southern Karoo Riviere AZi 7 Tanqua Wash Riviere AZi 8 Muscadel Riviere AZi 9 Cape Inland Salt Pans AZi 10 Highveld Salt Pans AZi 11 Subtropical Salt Pans AZm 1 Cape Kelp Beds AZm 2 Subantarctic Kelp Beds ST 1, 2 Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation ST 3, 4, 5 Subantarctic Mire-Slope Vegetation ST 6 Subantarctic Fellfield ST 7 Subantarctic Cinder Cones PD 1 Subantarctic Polar Desert W 1 Freshwater Lakes W 2 Subtropical Coastal Lagoons W 3 Cape Coastal Lagoons W 4 Dams EB 98 Northern border EO 99 Ocean

6 REFERENCES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2010. Land type inventory of South Africa [Online]. Pretoria: Institute for Soil, Climate and Water. Available: http://www.agis.agric.za/agisweb/landtypes.html [Accessed 3 September 2013. CLEMENCE, B., MILLER, L. & SIDDONS, G. 1987. A summary of Climatic Conditions in Natal. Durban: Agrometeorology (S.I.R.I) Cedara Research Institute. Department of Agriculture. Natal Region. 24 | P a g e

LAMBRECTHS, J. J. N., ELLIS, F. & VAN NIEKERK, A. 2011. Soil suitability map of South Africa. CGA Report No. 2011/2. Stellenbosch: Centre for Geographical Analysis, Stellenbosch University. LYNCH, S. D. & SCHULZE, R. E. 2006. Rainfall Database. In: SCULZE, R. E. (ed.) South African Atlas of Climatology and Agrohydrology. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. MUCINA, L. & RUTHERFORD, M. C. (eds.) 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, Pretoria: SANBI. SCHULZE, R. E. 1997. South African atlas of agrohydrology and -climatology. Report TT82/96, Pretoria, Water Research Commission. SCHULZE, R. E. & MAHARAJ, M. 2006. Temperature Database. In: SCHULZE, R. E. (ed.) South African Atlas of Climatology and Agrohydrology. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. SCOTNEY, D. M., ELLIS, F., NOTT, R. W., TAYLOR, K. P., VAN NIEKERK, B. J., VERSTER, E. & WOOD, P. C. 1987, revised 1991. A System of soil and land capability classification for agriculture in the SATBVC states. Pretoria: Report compiled by a task team appointed by MT/AGEN. VAN DER WATT, H. V. H. & VAN ROOYEN, T. H. 1995. A Glossary of Soil Science (2nd Edition), Pretoria, The Soil Science Society of South Africa.

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FIELD DESCRIPTIONS

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