Contents
Contents ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Rundown ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Technical Session 1 ................................................................................................................................ 6 Time: 11.00 - 12.00 (Topics: Geology and Geophysics) Updating active fault maps and slip rates along the Sumatran Fault Zone, Indonesia ........................ 8 The geometry of pull-apart basins in the southern part of Sumatran strike-slip fault ......................... 9 Origin of melange complexes in the Sunda and Banda arcs: Tectonic or diapiric melange ............. 10 Tectonic role on geothermal manifestation on Java Island ............................................................... 11 The origin oceanic crust and metabasic rocks protolith, Luk Ulo Melange Complex, Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia ......................................................................................... 12 Historical note of geological research in the Karangsambung area, central Java, Indonesia ............ 13 Geosite identification at Karangbolong high to support the development of KarangsambungKarangbolong Geopark, Kebumen .................................................................................................... 14 Diatom as an alternative for biostratigraphy research in Karangsambung ........................................ 15 A review of foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the olistostrome deposits of Karangsambung formation ........................................................................................................................................... 16 Beneath the scaly clay and clay breccia of Karangsambung: a review for the upcoming geophysical study .............................................................................................................................. 17 Identification of subsurface layer with Wenner- Schlumberger arrays configuration geoelectricity method ........................................................................................................................ 18 Geochemical characteristics of the bituminous rock asphalt in buton island, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Biomarker characteristics of source rock and oil seepage corelation in Central Java ....................... 20 Paleofacies of eocene lower Ngimbang source rocks in Cepu Area, East Java Basin: clues from biomarkers and carbon-13 Isotopes ................................................................................................... 21 Paleofluvial cross stratification structure as the paleocurrent dynamic analysis on western part of Tarakan sub basin, Tarakan, North Kalimantan............................................................................ 22 Cone Penetration Test for Facies Study: A Review .......................................................................... 23 Marine palynology in Indonesia: State of knowledge ....................................................................... 24 Carbonate sedimentology of Seribu Islands patch reef complex: a literature review ....................... 25 Correlation of thermal behavior with mineralogy and chemical composition of clays: a review ..... 26 Time: 13.30 - 14.45 (Topics: Geology and Geophysics, and Oceanography) Capacity of tsunami vertical evacuation shelter in RW 09 of Padang Sarai Village, Padang City ... 27 Spatial Analysis of Traffic and Routing Path Methods for Tsunami Evacuation ............................. 28 Tsunami sediments and their sedimentological (grain size) characteristics ...................................... 29
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Study of rainfall-induced landslide: a review.................................................................................... 30 Weights of Evidence Method for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Takengon, Central Aceh, Indonesia ........................................................................................................................................... 31 The Influence of Plant Root on Soil Shear Strength: Implications for Slope Stability ..................... 32 The hydromechanic of vegetation for slope stabilitation .................................................................. 33 Landslide disaster in Bandung regency ............................................................................................. 34 TRIGRS Application for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping : a review ........................................... 35 Characteristics and Engineering Properties of Residual Soil Volcanic Deposition Implication Volcanic Soil Movement ................................................................................................................... 36 Land subsidence threats and its management in the North Coast of Java ......................................... 37 Earthquake geology in Central Sulawesi ........................................................................................... 38 Earthquake Acceleration Amplification Based on Single Microtremor Test: A Review .................. 39 Earthquake hazard analysis method; a review................................................................................... 40 Extreme Flood Event analysis in Indonesia based on rainfall intensity and recharge capacity ........ 41 GIS and Geodatabase Disaster Risk for Spatial Planning ................................................................. 42 Accelerated Processing of Stripmap Mode Synthetic Aperture Radar Raw Data on GPGPU .......... 43 The spatial resolution enhancement using fusion approach: A review ............................................. 44 Urban Heat Island Towards Urban Climate; A Review .................................................................... 45 CO2 dynamics on three habitats of mangrove ecosystem in Bintan Island, Indonesia ...................... 46 Carbon Sequestration Index as A Determinant for Climate Change Mitigation ............................... 47 The Impact of El Nino and La Nina On Water Mass Circulation in Ambon Bay ............................. 48 A Comparison between the 2010 and 2016 EL-Nino induced coral bleaching in the Indonesian waters ................................................................................................................................................ 49 Coral based- ENSO/IOD related climate variability in Indonesia .................................................... 50 Sunda Epicontinental Shelf and Quaternary glacial-interglacial sea level variation: role to the regional and global environmental change ........................................................................................ 51
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Technical Session 2 .............................................................................................................................. 52 Time: 11.00 - 12.00 (Topics: Geology and Geophysics, and Limnology) Gravity survey for groundwater characterization of Labuan Basin .................................................. 54 Groundwater flow to the Ocean : A review....................................................................................... 55 Analysis of groundwater and seawater interaction: a review ............................................................ 56 Comparative studies of groundwater vulnerability assessment ......................................................... 57 Correlation between conductivity and total dissolved solid in various type of water: A review ...... 58 Cl/Br Ratio to Determine Groundwater Quality: A Review ............................................................. 59 Ratio of major ions in groundwater to determine saltwater intrusion in coastal areas ...................... 60 Urban hydrogeology in Indonesia and highlight from Jakarta City- a review .................................. 61 Water and Food Nexus at Citarum Watershed, Indonesia ................................................................ 62 What do we know about Indonesian tropical lakes: Insights from high frequency measurement .... 63 Analysis of the reservoirs utilization influenced water quality profiles in Indonesia (Saguling – Jatiluhur) and Malaysia (Temengor – Chenderoh) with special references to cascade reservoirs .... 64 Carrying capacity of water resources in Bandung Basin ................................................................... 65 Environmental sustainability control by water resources carrying capacity concept: application significance in Indonesia .................................................................................................................. 66 Watershed Based Morphometric Analysis: A Review ...................................................................... 67 Hydraulic conductivity of tropical peat at diferent degree of decomposition .................................. 68 Preliminary Study of Soil Permeability Properties using Principal Component Analysis ................ 69 Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict the impact of best management practices in Jatigede catchment area ............................................................................ 70 Spatial Distribution and Assessment of Nutrient Pollution in Lake Toba Using 2D-Layered Model and DPSIR Framework .......................................................................................................... 71 Potential area for floating net fishery in Lake Toba .......................................................................... 72 Forecast of Water levels using Artificial Neural Network Models in Cimandiri, West Java ........... 73 Time: 13.30 - 14.45 (Topics: Oceanography and Resources Engineering) Transplantation of Enhalus acoroides on a sedimented beach in Ambon Bay .................................. 74 Assessing the distribution, origins and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Oryzias fish habitat at Keramat Kebo Estuary, Tangerang, Banten ........................... 75 Determination of the chemical composition of Ammonia beccarii test using SED and EDX; Preliminary study of test capacity in response to anthropogenic metal contamination in Coastal Areas.................................................................................................................................................. 76 Trace metal in sediment of a deep sea floor of Makassar Strait ........................................................ 77 Mercury concentration on Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii at Seribu Islands ............... 78 Speciation of heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn by modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in sediments from Banten Bay, Banten Province, Indonesia ............................................................ 79 Toxicity of copper on the growth of marine microalgae Pavlova sp. and its chlorophyll-a content . 80 Cu toxicity on growth and chlorophyll-a of Chaetoceros sp ............................................................. 81 Application of multivariate analysis to investigate the trace element contamination in top soil of coal mining district in Jorong, South Kalimantan, Indonesia ....................................................... 82
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New Potential Method Using Vertiver Grass (C. zizanioides (L.)) in Tropical Residual Soils As Phytoremediation of Mine Tailings in West Java, Indonesia ...................................................... 83 Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: A Review ........................................................... 84 Beneficiation Engineering, Mineral Processing Method for Added Value of Marginal Reserve .... 85 Ecological assessment on the implementation of Hydropower projects from the view of Biodiversity conservation .................................................................................................................. 86 The Review Of Recent Carbonate Minerals Processing Technology ............................................... 87 Bio-coal briquetes ............................................................................................................................. 88 Demineralization of low rank coal .................................................................................................... 89 Coal Blending in the Making of Not-Carbonization Briquettes ........................................................ 90 Physicochemical properties of hydrothermally treated Mempawah peat fuel: influence of hydrophilicity index on carbon aromaticity, combustibility and particle size................................... 91 Rock geochemistry relates to mineralization processes in geothermal areas ................................. 92 Concept of geothermal exploration on Java Island based on geophysical data................................. 93 Petrographic and major elements results as indicator of the geothermal potential of in Java .......... 94 Geothermal and volcanism in the West Java ..................................................................................... 95 Toward challenging REE exploration in Indonesia........................................................................... 96 Mobility of rare earth element in hydrothermal process and weathering products non volcanic geothermal areas in Indonesia ........................................................................................................... 97 Characteristics, genesis of Rare Earth Element and occurrences in Indonesia ................................. 98
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Rundown Global Colloquium on GeoSciences and Engineering 2017 (GCGE2017) Wednesday, October 18, 2017 The Jayakarta Suites, Bandung Time
Duration
7.30 - 9.00 9.00 - 9.15 9.15 - 9.30 9.30 - 9.45 9.45 - 10.00 10.00 - 10.15 10.15 - 10.45 10.45 - 11.00 11.00 - 12.00 12.00 - 13.30
90' 15' 15' 15' 15' 15' 30' 15' 60' 90'
13.30 - 14.45 14.45 - 15.00 15.00 - 16.00 16.00
75' 15' 60
Agenda Registration Remarks by Chairman of GCGE Remarks by Director of Research Center for Geotecnology LIPI Opening Remarks by Deputy for Earth Sciences LIPI Keynote Speech 1: Deputy IV of Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs Keynote Speech 2: Deputy for Earth Sciences LIPI Discussion Coffee Break Flashtalk Session (Topic: Geology and Geophysics; Limnology) Press Release and Break Flashtalk Session (Topic: Geology and Geophysics; Resource Engineering; Oceanography) Coffee Break Discussion in Poster Session Closing Remark by Director of Research Center for Geotechnology LIPI
5
Technical Session 1
No
Time
1 2
Presenter Danny H. Natawidjaja Sonny Aribowo
3
M.M. Mukti
4
Haryadi Permana
5
Haryadi Permana
6
Munasri
7
Chusni Ansori
8
Januar Ridwan
9
Marfasran Hendrizan
10
11.00 - 12.00
Ilham Arisbaya
11
Jamaluddin Jamal
12
Jamaluddin Jamal
13
Praptisih
14
Elok Annisa Devi
15
Julian Itanyo Swandi
16 17
Nugroho Aji Satriyo Septriono Hari Nugroho
18
Dwi Amanda Utami
19
Evi Dwi Yanti
No
Time Presenter
20
Yunarto
21 22 23
Afnindar Fakhrurrozi Purna Sulastya Putra Adrin Tohari
24 25 26
13.30 - 14.45
Pamela Rizky A. Subardja Djakamihardja Asep Mulyono
Topic: Geology and Geophysics Chair: Khori Sugianti and Anggun Mayang Sari Title Updating active fault maps and slip rates along the Sumatran Fault Zone, Indonesia The geometry of pull-apart basins in the southern part of Sumatran strike-slip fault. Origin of melange complexes in the Sunda and Banda arcs: Tectonic or diapiric melange Tectonic role on geothermal manifestation on Java Island The origin oceanic crust and metabasic rocks protolith, Luk Ulo Melange Complex, Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia Historical note of geological research in the Karangsambung area, central Java, Indonesia Geosite identification at Karangbolong high to support the development of Karangsambung-Karangbolong Geopark, Kebumen Diatom as an alternative for biostratigraphy research in Karangsambung A review of foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the olistostrome deposits of Karangsambung formation Beneath the scaly clay and clay breccia of Karangsambung: a review for the upcoming geophysical study Identification of subsurface layer with Wenner- Schlumberger arrays configuration geoelectricity method Geochemical characteristics of the bituminous rock asphalt in Buton Island, SE Sulawesi Biomarker characteristics of source rock and oil seepage corelation in Central Java Paleofacies of eocene lower Ngimbang source rocks in Cepu Area, East Java Basin: clues from biomarkers and carbon-13 Isotopes Paleofluvial cross stratification structure as the paleocurrent dynamic analysis on western part of Tarakan sub basin, Tarakan, North Kalimantan Cone Penetration Test for Facies Study: A Review Marine palynology in Indonesia: State of knowledge Sedimentology and Oceanography of Kepulauan Seribu Patch Reef Complex: A Literature Review Correlation of thermal behavior with mineralogy and chemical composition of clays: a review Topic: Geology and Geophysics, and Oceanography Chair: Sukristiyanti and Januar Ridwan Title Capacity of tsunami vertical evacuation shelter in RW 09 of Padang Sarai Village, Padang City Spatial Analysis of Traffic and Routing Path Methods for Tsunami Evacuation Tsunami sediments and their sedimentological (grain size) characteristics Study of rainfall-induced landslide: a review Weights of Evidence Method for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Takengon, Central Aceh, Indonesia The Influence of Plant Root on Soil Shear Strength: Implications for Slope Stability The hydromechanic of vegetation for slope stabilitation
6
27 28
Dedi Mulyadi Khori Sugianti
29
Y. Sunarya Wibawa
30
Dwi Sarah Mudrik Rahmawan Daryono
31 32
Arifan Jaya Syahbana
33 34 35
Anggun Mayang Sari Ida Narulita Wawan Hendriawan Nur
36
Bambang Setiadi
37 38 39 40
Hilda Lestiana Widya Ningrum I Wayan Eka Dharmawan Aan Johan Wahyudi
41
Frilla Renty Tama Saputra
42
Sam Wouthuyzen
43
Sri Yudawati Cahyarini
44
Wahyoe Soepri Hantoro
Landslide disaster in Bandung regency TRIGRS Application for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping : a review Characteristics and Engineering Properties of Residual Soil Volcanic Deposition Implication Volcanic Soil Movement. Land subsidence threats and its management in the North Coast of Java Earthquake geology in Central Sulawesi Amplification of Earthquake Acceleration based on Single Microtremor Test: A Review Earthquake hazard analysis method; a review Extreme Flood Event analysis in Indonesia GIS and Geodatabase Disaster Risk for Spatial Planning Accelerated Processing of Stripmap Mode Synthetic Aperture Radar Raw Data on GPGPU The spatial resolution enhancement using fusion approach: A review Urban Heat Island Towards Urban Climate; A Review Carbon dioxide dynamics on three mangrove habitats in Bintan Island, Indonesia Carbon Sequestration Index as A Determinant for Climate Change Mitigation The Impact of El Nino and La Nina On Water Mass Circulation in Ambon Bay A Comparison between the 2010 and 2016 EL-Nino induced coral bleaching in the Indonesian waters Coral based- ENSO/IOD related climate variability in Indonesia Sunda Epicontinental Shelf and Quaternary glacial-interglacial sea level variation: role to the regional and global environmental change
7
Updating active fault maps and slip rates along the Sumatran Fault Zone, Indonesia Danny H. Natawidjaja1,2 1Research 2Head
Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 of Working Group Geology of the National Team for Updating the Indonesian Seismic Hazard
Map
Abstract. Accuracy of active fault map, sliprate and its seismic parameters are crucial for seismic hazard analysis. In relation with ongoing activities for updating Indonesian seismic hazard map, fault maps, segmentations and slip rates of the Sumatran Fault Zone (SFZ) have been revised. In the northern part, several secondary fault strands in the eastern side of the main SFZ are added, including the Pidie, Biruen, Lhok-Sumawe, Peusangan, and Oreng faults. The Batee fault is now considered active. In the southern part, from Suoh pull-apart graben, SFZ branches into two major strands: The west and east Semangko fault segments. Toward south, the west and east Semangko fault are connected with series of marine grabens in the Sunda Strait, formed as a 70-km-wide pull-apart structures that is bounded by SFZ and the Ujung Kulon fault, which carries SFZ dexral movement further south into southwest of Java island. Previously, slip rates along SFZ are considered increase northward from about 5 mm/yr in Sunda Strait to 30 mm/yr in Toba Area, thus fore arc region was thought to be stretched; Now, according to the latest geological and GPS studies, slip rates appear to be more constant at ~15 mm/yr. The total amount of parallel-SFZ extension on the Sunda-strait marine grabens is estimated to be about 18.7 km, almost identical with the largest geomorphic offset along SFZ. Assuming the SFZ onset since 2 Ma indicates a slip rate of about 9 mm/yr in Sunda Strait. New slip rate measurement near Ranau Lake yielded 8-12 mm/yr. Revised slip-rate measurements in both Maninjau and Toba lakes yield about similar rates, ~ 14-15 mm/yr. Thus, Sumatran fore-arc acts moves northward along SFZ more like a rigid block instead of much stretched.
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The geometry of pull-apart basins in the southern part of Sumatran strike-slip fault S. Aribowo Technical Implementation Unit For Mine’s And Geological Hazard Mitigation, Liwa Indonesian Institute Of Science, Pekon Padang Dalom, West Lampung
Abstract. Models of pull-apart basin geometry have been described by many previous studies in a variety tectonic setting. The 2D geometry of Ranau Lake represents pull-apart basin in Sumatran Fault Zone. But there is unclear geomorphic trace of two, subparallel, overlapping strike-slip fault which bounded the side of the lake. Nonetheless, the clear geomorphic trace which tends to be parallel is considered to be an inactive fault in the southern side of the lake. The clear and well preserved geomorphic expression of pull-apart basin is Suoh pull-apart basin. I would like to demonstrate the angular characteristics of the Ranau Lake and Suoh complex pull-apart basin and compare with pull-apart basins examples in previously published studies. I use digital elevation model (DEM) image to sketch the shape of the depression of Ranau Lake and Suoh Valley and measure the 2-D geometry of them. This study shows that the entire Ranau Lake is not pull-apart basin, and the pull-apart basin located in the eastern side of the lake based on surface DEM interpretation. Since there is clear connection between pull-apart basin and volcanic activity in Sumatra, I also predict that the unclear trace of the pull-apart basin near Ranau Lake is covered by the products from Ranau Caldera and Seminung volcano.
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Origin of melange complexes in the Sunda and Banda arcs: Tectonic or diapiric melange Ma’ruf M. Mukti1, S. Aribowo2, Ayu Nurhidayati1 1 Sedimentary
geology & tectonics Group (SaGeT), Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 2Technical Implementation Unit For Mine’s And Geological Hazard Mitigation, Liwa Indonesian Institute Of Science, Pekon Padang Dalom, West Lampung
Abstract. The origin of mélange complexes has been the subject of speculation by geologist since their first recognition in the 1900s. Type of mélange complex plays role on tectonic reconstruction of an active margin. Several locations in the southern Sundaland margin expose remnant of Mesozoic subduction zone as basement and sedimentary rocks in mélange complexes. Ciletuh, Luk Ulo and Meratus that formed along the southern margin of Cretaceous Sundaland subduction system have been known as tectonic mélanges based on observation of the exposed rocks and its structural configuration. However, mélange complexes in the western Sunda arc (Nias) and Banda arc (Timor) have been concluded to form as diapiric mélange rather than tectonic origin. Recent works on these two areas observed that mud diapirism developed in a dynamically active environment. The role of tectonism in these mélange complexes appears to be indirectly. Here, we described results of published results on mélanges along the Sunda and Banda arc to understand the mechanism of their processes.
10
Tectonic role on geothermal manifestation on Java Island Haryadi Permana Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Geothermal field of the Java Island commonly located at or parallel to Quaternary volcano area and partly located on the Tertiary volcanic product. Volcanic activity and its product could be as a heat source and forming a reservoir layers and those of alteration rocks become a cap rock. There are 71 geothermal fields on Java Island mostly associated with active volcano-magmatic arc and a small part of them affected or controlled by fault zone. The Quaternary volcano activity on Java Island was generated by subduction of the Indian-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate resulting E-W lineament structure pattern parallel to the Quaternary volcano distribution. Several factors must be considered in relation to geothermal manifestations such as fault or fractures, gravity anomaly circular features, caldera system and multi-cone volcano activity. In general, regional structures that play an active role in Java Island have E-W, SW-NE and NW- SE direction. In addition, in the western region of Java Island, must also consider to structural lineament of Sumatra pattern recorded on Tertiary volcanic product that has undergone rotation, and N-S direction structural pattern that were developed in the western off and central part of Java Island. Particularly, geothermal manifestation distribution in western Java Island lies on the edge of low anomaly gravity forming the Garut - Bandung circular feature. Circular feature gravity anomalies in Central Java were identified around Mt. Slamet and Mt. Dieng areas while in the east of Java Island was occupied by Iyang-Argopuro Mountain region. Keyword: geothermal.
11
The origin oceanic crust and metabasic rocks protolith, Luk Ulo Melange Complex, Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia Haryadi Permana Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The Luk Ulo Mélange Complex (LUMC) was composed by tectonic slices of rocks that surrounded by scaly clay matrix. The rocks are of serpentinite, gabbro, diabase and basalt, eclogite, blueschist, amphibolite, schist, gneiss, phylite and slate, granite, chert, red limestone, claystone and sandstone. The LUMC was formed since Paleocene to Eocene age, is the time span of gradually uplifted of high pressure-ultra high pressure metabasite - metapelite (P: 2027kbar.
12
Historical note of geological research in the Karangsambung area, central Java, Indonesia Munasri, Haryadi Permana, Muhammad Ma’ruf Mukti Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. It is generally accepted that the Karangsambung area in central Java is occupied not only by chaotic mixture of various kinds of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks but also by clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of normal proccess. The whole rocks range from Cretaceous to Miocene in age. The formation of chaotic rocks in this area are often atributed with the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The chaotic rocks are known as a mélange which was considered either as of tectonic or sedimentary origin. Although the term of Lok Ulo Mélange Complex is commonly used for these chaotic rocks, its use and application are different among some authors. Furthermore, since the plate tectonics have been applied and have become the basis of research to date, perennially issues that still unsolved mainly in regards to ages, succession of rocks units, and tectonic developments. In such area of chaotic rocks in which its deformation continues to affect the succession of the younger overlying rock units, evidences within the contact zone between rock units are predicted to be the key to elucidate the mentioned issues. The intended contact zones are the boundaries between mélange complex and the Tertiary formations, between blocks in the mélange with the surrounding matrix and between the Tertiary rock formations. It is not easy to assert the rocks unit boundaries, as weathering in the tropics obscures those boundaries. It is proposed to conduct an integrated and systematic geological and geophysical research to realize the better understanding of the surface and subsurface of the area.
13
Geosite identification at Karangbolong high to support the development of Karangsambung-Karangbolong Geopark, Kebumen Chusni Ansori Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Research and Development Division For Earth Conservation and Information, Jl. Karangsambung Km-19, Kebumen 54353
Abstract. Geopark is an area that has outstanding geological evidance, including archaeological, ecological and cultural values in which local people are invited to participate in protecting and enhancing the function of natural heretage. It is sustainable development concept has proven to increase economic and conservation benefits. It is combine elements of geodiversity, biodiversity and culture diversity with the aim of protecting the geodiversity, environmental conservation, tourism and education of geoscience extensively. Geopark is a single boundary area, it means of introducing the earth's heritage, protected areas, geo-development, economic development and implementation of various science and technology. It is a location has a unique geological, cultural and biological that can be utilized to conservation and geotourism. Indonesia have 2 (two) global geoparks, 4 (four) national geoparks and 15 (five teen) geopark candidates. Karangsambung-Karangbolong area is one of the geopark candidates, which is a subduction zone uplifted with conical hills karst area. Kebumen Local Government is preparing the master plan of Karangsambung geopark, while LIPI doing scientific studies. To pioneer the development of Karangsambung-Karangbolong geopark in an integrated manner, geosite identification is done. Karangbolong high area is the karst landscape, tourism area and local mining areas. Rejection of mining around karst lndscape area massively done by the community, so geopark development is inevitability. Geosite of Karangbolong highlands includes geosite karst-nonkarst morphology; Wanalela Hill and Tugu Village. Cave geosite in form; Barat Cave, Petruk Cave, Jatijajar Cave. Beaches geosite include; Lampon Beach, Menganti Beach, G. Hud, Logending Beach, Karangbolong Beach and Karangagung Beach. Besides that, there is cultural geosite on Kalbut Stone, Sendang pelus and Karangbolong. Petruk Cave, Hud Hill and Barat Cave are very good as main geosite; Lampon Beach, Menganti Beach are the next step of geosite at Karangbolong high.
14
Diatom as an alternative for biostratigraphy research in Karangsambung J. Ridwan Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The geological evolution of the Karangsambung as a reference area of the stratigraphic order in Indonesia are still held interesting mysteries to solve. The presence of the Eocene Bulukuning and Larangan Formation showing the opportunity for new discoveries based on biostratigraphy application. The applications of fossil indicators with carbonate shells which are widely used in the tropics have limitations to reach deep sea sediments which dominate Karangsambung stratigraphy. The accuracy of existing biostratigraphy is needed to enhance with quantitative analysis and also considering the combination of multiple bioindicator biostratigraphy. Diatoms, which spreading worldwide in Paleogene showing the chance to apply as the new perspective for Karangsambung biostratigraphy. The application of diatoms biostratigraphy challenge in Karangsambung is not only limited to its application as the age indicator but also provides an overview of the silica cycle in the tropics which affected by tectonic activity and paleo-oceanographic event in Paleogene.
15
A review of foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the olistostrome deposits of Karangsambung formation Marfasran Hendrizan1, Kamtono1, Praptisih1, Tri Hartono1, Sonny Aribowo2 1Research
Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 Implementation Unit For Mine’s And Geological Hazard Mitigation, Liwa Indonesian Institute Of Science, Pekon Padang Dalom, West Lampung
2Technical
Abstract. Planktonic foraminifera are widely used for marine sediment biostratigraphy. Foraminferal biostratigraphy of Karangsambung is relatively rare occupied by previous researchers. A review of foraminiferal biostratigraphy is expected to be early works to perform a research about the ages of Tertiary rock formations in Karangsambung. Biostratigraphic studies in Karangsambung are still qualitative analysis using marker fossils. However, the age of this formation still debatable based on foraminifera and nannofossil analysis. Debatable age of Karangsambung Formation is realistic happened due to complexity of olistostrome deposition due to gravity sliding, structural complexity of Karangsambung area which causes a mixture of fragmental sedimentary rocks with heterogenous lithology dispersed in a matrix or probably problematic in sampling technique and preparation. Detailed micropaleontology analysis of olistostrome deposit at Karangsambung especially to reevaluates Kali Welaran and surroundings and documents foraminiferal content of Karangsambung Formation will be representative to acquire high resolution micropaleontology analysis at this area.
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Beneath the scaly clay and clay breccia of Karangsambung: a review for the upcoming geophysical study Ilham Arisbaya, Lina Handayani Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Karangsambung area, Central Java - Indonesia, is believed to keep the record of the tectonic evolution of the western part of Sunda Arc. The area is thought to have undergone a long tectonic evolution from palaeosubduction, collision with the continental fragments of Gondwana, to the formation of the recent subduction zone. An interesting phenomenon in this area is the presence of the Late Cretaceous ophiolite block with east northeast - west southwest (ENE-WSW) trending direction surrounded by the east - west (E-W) trend of Eocene - Oligocene sedimentary melange formation. There was also ENE-WSW trending volcanic rocks unit found in this area, Dakah volcanic, with approximately the same age as the sedimentary melange formation. There are two main interpretations regarding this volcanic unit, as olistostrome and as insitu shallow subduction magmatic product. Detailed mechanism of the emplacement process of the Late Cretaceous ophiolite and the genesis of the volcanic rocks unit and their implications to the regional tectonic model is still open for discussion. Geophysical research in this key area may help to reveal the geometry, relationship among rocks units, and the tectonic evolution. Unfortunately, geophysical studies in this area are still lacking. Previous geophysical works on Karangsambung still leaves uncertainty, especially in depth control and spatial resolution issue. Here we described results of previous works on Karangsambung as a basic knowledge for the upcoming geophysical study.
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Identification of subsurface layer with Wenner- Schlumberger arrays configuration geoelectricity method Jamaluddin1, Emi Prasetyawati Umar2 1Geological
Engineering Department, School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China. 2Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia.
Abstract. One of measurement method to investigate the condition of the subsurface is by using geoelectric method. This research uses wenner-Schlumberger arrays configuration geoelectrical method which is mapping resistivity that commonly known as profiling (2D) in order to identify the lateral and vertical anomaly of material resistivity. From the result of data- processing on software Res2Dinv, 2D resistivity cross section is obtained. Data obtained along 70 m using wenner-schlumberger configuration with 5 m spaced electrode. The approximated value of resistivity obtained from the data processing ranged from 1000-1548 Ωm and with the iteration error 87.9%. Based on the geological map of Ujung Pandang sheet, the location of the research is an alluvium and coastal precipitation area with grain sized from gravel, sand, clay, mud, and coral limestone. Thus, by observing and analyzing the variety of the resistivity cross-section from the inversion data, there are areas (a) showing resistivity values ranged from 0.1-0.2 Ωm which is estimated to be salt water intrusion based on the resistivity table of Earth materials. And region (b) is a mixture of sand and clay material with the range of resistivity values between 11000 μm.
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Geochemical characteristics of the bituminous rock asphalt in buton island, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia Jamaluddin1, Arwin Darwis2 1Geological
Engineering Department, School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China. 2Physics of Department, Science and Technology Faculty, Alauddin Islamic State University of Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.
Abstract. This research was conducted on Sorowalio, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi province, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the content and the percentage of metals contained in the rocks by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The method of research is a preliminary survey, sampling and laboratory analysis. The results obtained indicate the content and the percentage of metals dominate the rock sample is Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, and SiO2. Research results by using XRF shows that there are four metal oxide dominant element i.e., Hematite (Fe2O3) were dominant in all locations of sampling, Magnesium oxide (MgO) the highest levels found in samples six and the lowest are present in sample five, silicates (SiO) highest levels at sample six and lowest at sample seven and calcium oxide (CaO) dominant in all sampling locations.
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Biomarker characteristics of source rock and oil seepage corelation in Central Java Praptisih Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The presence of oil seepage in Central Java indicates that there is an effective petroleum system, the problem arising is where the oil derived. Biomarker characteristic are used provide information on source rock organic matter input, depositional environment and corelation between source rock and oil seepage. The biomarker characteristic suggest that oil seepage in Banjarnegara derived from Totogan Formation, while in Bayat derived from Wungkal Formation. Oil seepage in Cipluk area were deposited estuarine environment that not corelated with Kerek Formation. Oil seepage in Kedungjati and Bantal area is not derived from Kerek and Pelang Formation.
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Paleofacies of eocene lower Ngimbang source rocks in Cepu Area, East Java Basin: clues from biomarkers and carbon-13 Isotopes Elok A. Devi1, Faisal Rachman2, Awang H. Satyana3, Fahrudin1, Reddy S1 1Geological
Engineering Department of Diponegoro University Operating Body Pertamina-PetroChina East Java (JOB P-PEJ) 3SKK Migas - Satuan Kerja Khusus Migas, Kementerian ESDM 2Joint
Abstract. The Eocene Lower Ngimbang carbonaceous shales are geochemically proven source rocks of hydrocarbons in the East Java Basin. Sedimentologic facies of source rock is important to know for source evaluation. This can be examined by geochemical data of biomarkers and carbon-13 isotopes of source rock samples. Using this, paleogeography of source sedimentation can be reconstructed. The case study was conducted on the rock samples of Lower Ngimbang from two exploration wells drilled in Cepu area, East Java Basin, namely Kujung-1 and Ngimbang-1 wells. The biomarker data include GC and GC-MS data of normal alkanes, isoprenoids, triterpanes, and steranes. Carbon-13 isotope data include saturate and aromatic fractions. Various crossplots of biomarker and carbon-13 isotope data of the Lower Ngimbang source samples from the two wells show that source facies of Lower Ngimbang shales changed from transitional/deltaic setting at Kujung-1 well location to marginal marine setting at Ngimbang-1 well location. This reveals that the Eocene paleogeography of the Cepu area was composed by land area in the north and marine setting to the south. Biomarkers and carbon-13 isotopes are powerful data for reconstructing paleogeograpy and paleofacies. In the absence of fossils in some sedimentary facies, these geochemical data are good alternatives.
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Paleofluvial cross stratification structure as the paleocurrent dynamic analysis on western part of Tarakan sub basin, Tarakan, North Kalimantan W. H. D. Kusuma, I. S. Julian, E. L. H. Johan, D. Rus, S. S. Eka (Bumi Research STTNAS Yk - Soft Rock Division) Geology Department, STTNAS Yogyakarta, Jln. Babarsari, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, DIY, Indonesia
Abstract. Cross stratification is a primary sedimentary structure that occur coincide with the formation of the rock. Cross stratification is used for determining the paleocurrent and its chronology. The research area located in westren Tarakan sub basin, Tarakan island. The aim of this research is to determine the paleocurrent dynamic as well as to classified the facies and the rock provenance. Field staratigraphic measured section, granulometry and QFL grain analysis are held in order to determine the facies group and its statistical parameter and the provenances. Sterionet diagram is used to make correction on titling strata that beyond ten degree which is pressumably affected by tectonic force. The result reveal facies from two outcrop shows fluvial dominated floodplain succestion characteristic, while the other two outcrop show fluvial coastal plain succestion. Granulometry analysis shows three sampel are moderatly sorted grain and one sampel is poorly sorted grain. Based on QFL Triangle all sampels are range in recycle orogen provenances. Thus, the paleocurrent dynamic based on four ourcrop data are intepretate deposit on fluvial - deltaic area range from sequentional floodplain either coastal plain with dominant sedimentation direction SW NW – E SE which are the source rock derived from recycle orogenic material.
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Cone Penetration Test for Facies Study: A Review N. A. Satriyo, E. Soebowo Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Engineering geology investigation through Cone Penetration Test (with pore-pressure measurements) approach is one of an effective method to find out sub surface layer. This method generally used in Late Quaternary and typical deposit and can also be used for sedimentological purposes. CPTu and drilling core for high-resolution stratigraphy sub surface has been done in many research. This combined data also can be used to detailed correlations of sub surface stratigraphy, to identify facies change and to determine the interpretation of sequence stratigraphy. The determination facies distribution research based on CPTu profile, which included in quantitative data, has rarely done especially in Indonesia with a different climate. While drilling core description using grain size analysis will provide information on validation about physical lithology characteristics which is developed in research area. Interpretation are using CPTu curve pattern and cone resistance parameter of CPTu’s data correlated with physical characteristics of drilling core. The cone resistance will provide the strength of the sediment layer which also give the range data between clay and sand. Finally, the review will show that each of developing facies characteristics provides a specific curve pattern and every sediment deposit facies can be determined by the transformation of CPTu curve profile. Despite, the research using those methods are quite comprehensive, a review is presented on each of these methods related with the chronologic factor seen by geological time and different characteristics sediment of different location.
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Marine palynology in Indonesia: State of knowledge S. H. Nugroho Research Centre for Deep Sea, LIPI, Ambon, Maluku, 97233, Indonesia
Abstract. Pollen analyses of marine sediments contributes to reconstructions of the vegetation and climate, environment changes and human-environment interactions as they are reflected in marine sediments of Indonesian waters. Furthermore, factors controlling pollen deposition are of particular importance, like in the Indonesian region, where the whole climate system is driven mostly by the monsoon reversal. Here I review that there is a considerable gap in the publications related to the investigations of the pattern of pollen distribution on marine sediment so far obtained in Indonesia. Review results showing that some palynological studies suggest that parts of Indonesia and northern Australia were drier during the LGM, as evidenced by an increase in grass pollen at this time. Other studies report that the Indonesian region was colder, but not drier during glacial periods. Detailed analysis of past environmental, climate and land use history in the Indonesian region is essential to obtain better understanding of human-environment relationships and to prevent uncertainties in future development of the region.
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Carbonate sedimentology of Seribu Islands patch reef complex: a literature review D. A. Utami1, A. R. Hakim2 1Research
Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 for Integrated Research in Environmental Geoscience, Bandung Ocean Technology Research and Management, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
2Center
Abstract. Knowledge of modern carbonate sedimentology is of crucial importance for a better understanding of ancient carbonate sedimentation. Equatorial coral reefs comprise almost half of the world coral reef production, and yet their dynamics, distributions and cycles are still not well understood. Contrary to their subtropical counterpart, South East Asian carbonate system is known to be strongly influenced by the combination of oceanographic and climatic conditions. Hence carbonate sediments in the tropics has a distinct depositional system, and they have to be treated differently as common distribution models were developed from the (sub-tropical) Atlantic and Pacific regions. This paper systematically summarizes carbonate sediment studies in Seribu Islands and its dominant oceanographic configuration in the region, to provide insights and a sense of research direction in the future.
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Correlation of thermal behavior with mineralogy and chemical composition of clays: a review Evi Dwi Yanti, Indah Pratiwi Technical Implementation Unit For Mine’s And Geological Hazard Mitigation, Liwa Indonesian Institute Of Science, Pekon Padang Dalom, West Lampung
Abstract. Clay's abundance has been widely used as industrial raw materials, especially ceramic and tile industries. Utilization of these minerals involved with thermal process to produce ceramic product. Two studies conducted by Septawander et al., (2007) and Chee Lung Chin et al., (2017), the results of these studies show the relationship of thermal behavior of clays with their mineralogy and chemical composition. Clay was characterize with XRD analysis and thermal analysis, ranging from room temperature, 1100 oC to 1200oC. Although raw clay samples differs from geological conditions and formation, grain size and shape of specimens during thermal treatment, based on these research mineral composition and chemical composition of clays has considerable effect on the thermal behavior of clays and ceramic final products. Fired clay products commonly containing mullite, crystobalite and quartz.
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Capacity of tsunami vertical evacuation shelter in RW 09 of Padang Sarai Village, Padang City Yunarto Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. RW 09 of Padang Sarai Village is an area in Padang City located on the west coast of Sumatra Island. This region is in the tsunami red zone. The estimated time of tsunami waves to reach the coast is 32 minutes after the earthquake. Unfortunately, RW 09 has a determined safe zone location which can be reached in an hour. Therefore a vertical evacuation is needed. This research aims to define a vertical evacuation in RW 09 of Padang Sarai Village. The remaining time to reach the evacuation site is 17 minutes because people need 15 minutes to do evacuation preparation. A vertical evacuation building as a shelter that can be reached by RW 09 people in less than 17 minutes is found by using service area in Network Analyst on Geographic Information System (GIS). The shelter can only cover 2,002 people at noon and 1,540 people at night. In fact there are 2,311 people at noon and 2,158 people at night in RW 09. Therefore, another vertical shelter should be created Keywords: tsunami, vertical evacuation, Network analyst.
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Spatial Analysis of Traffic and Routing Path Methods for Tsunami Evacuation A. Fakhrurrozi, A. M. Sari Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Tsunami disaster occurred in a relatively very fast. Thus, it has very large-scale impact on both non-material and material aspects. It is happened because of the mass panic, crowds, and traffic congestion which is caused by the community in an effort to evacuate. The further research in modeling, traffic engineering and splitting zone evacuation simulation based spatial are very crucial to be done as an effort in order to reduce the greater losses. Much previous research on this topic has been largely covered. Complex parameters such as route selection, destination selection, the spontaneous timing of both the departure of the source and the arrival time to destination and other aspects of the result parameter in many method variations. The discussion will be emphasized in the simulation process and its results, traffic modeling and routing analysis which is closest to real conditions in the tsunami evacuation process. The method that we should give the highlight is Clearance Time Estimate based Location Priority where the computation result is superior to others despite there are still many drawbacks. It is expected to be an input to improve and invent a new method that will be a part of decision support systems for disaster risk reduction for tsunamis disaster.
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Tsunami sediments and their sedimentological (grain size) characteristics Purna Sulastya Putra Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Characteristics of tsunami deposits are very complex as the deposition by tsunami is very complex processes. The grain size characteristics of tsunami deposits are simply generalized no matter the local condition on which the deposition took place. The general characteristics are fining upward and landward, poor sorting, and the grain size is not unimodal distributed. Here I review the grain size characteristics of tsunami deposit in various environment : swale, coastal marsh and lagoon / lake. Review results showing that although there are similar characters in some environments and cases, but in detail the characteristics in each environment can be distinguished, and therefore the tsunami deposit in each environment has its own characteristic. The local geological and geomorphological condition of the environment may greatly affect the grain size characteristics.
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Study of rainfall-induced landslide: a review A. Tohari Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Rainfall-induced landslides pose a substantial risk to people and infrastructure. For this reason, there have been numerous studies to understand the landslide mechanism. Most of them were performed on the numerical analysis and laboratory experiment. This paper presents a review of existing research on field hydrological condition of soil slopes leading to the initiation of rainfall-induced landslide. Existing methods to study field hydrological response of slopes are first reviewed, emphasizing their limitations and suitability of application. The typical hydrological response profiles in the slope are then discussed. Subsequently, some significant findings on hydrological condition leading to rainfall-induced landslides are summarized and discussed. Finally, several research topics are recommended for future study.
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Weights of Evidence Method for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Takengon, Central Aceh, Indonesia Pamela1, Imam A. Sadisun2, Yukni Arifianti1 1Geological 2Faculty
Agency of Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract. Takengon is an area prone to earthquake disaster and landslide. On July 2, 2013, Central Aceh earthquake has induced large numbers of landslides in Takengon area, which resulted in casualities of 39 people. This location was chosen to assess the landslide susceptibility of Takengon, using a statistical method, referred to as the weight of evidence (WoE). This WoE model was applied in order to indicate the main factors influencing the susceptible area and to derive landslide susceptibility map of Takengon. The 251 landslides were randomly divided into two groups of modelling/training data (70%) and validation/test data sets (30%). Twelve thematic maps of evidence are slope degree, slope aspect, lithology, land cover, elevation, rainfall, lineament, peak ground acceleration, curvature, flow direction, distance to river and roads were used as landslide causative factors. Based on AUC the highest factor controlling the landslide is slope, than slope aspect, peak ground acceleration, elevation, lithology, flow direction, lineament and rainfall respectively. Analytical result verified by using test data of landslide shows AUC prediction rate is 0.819 and AUC success rate using all landslide data is 0.879. This result showed the selective factors and WoE method as a good model for assessing landslide susceptibility. The landslide susceptibility map of Takengon shows the probabilities which represent relative degrees of susceptibility for landslide proneness in Takengon area.
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The Influence of Plant Root on Soil Shear Strength: Implications for Slope Stability A. Subardja1, A. Mulyono2, I. Ekasari3 1Research
Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 Implementation Unit For Mine’s And Geological Hazard Mitigation, Liwa Indonesian Institute Of Science, Pekon Padang Dalom, West Lampung 3Cibodas Botanical Garden LIPI 2Technical
Abstract. Vegetation plays an important role in slope stabilization. The roots vegetation effect influence on soil slopes, generally classified into mechanical and hydrological effects. However, it is rarely included in slope stability calculations nor in the development of engineering solutions. The contribution of plant root systems to slope stability control, has a lot of attention in recent years. The strength properties of the roots and the extensiveness of the roots morphology play an important role, especially in case of landslides. The mechanical effects from the vegetation root responsible with physical interaction both with soil index properties and soil engineering properties. Roots provide mechanical stabilization of slopes through its tensile strength, frictional properties, bending stiffness, and soil anchoring. The methodology of this research include site investigation (slope geometry, subsurface lithology and hidrology, soil sampling, insitu tests, and laboratory tests for soil and roots. The effect of soil properties as well as the relative importance of different root sizes and of woody versus non-woody species are briefly discussed. The role of roots vegetation on soil slope stability in this artikel will be calculated both for eksisting condition and predicted condition after introducing specific vegetation. The vegetation impact on slope stability calculation, in this research only applied the root reinforcement effects in slope stability calculations. Finite element method will be applied to calculated the Faktor of Safety the vegetated slope.
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The hydromechanic of vegetation for slope stabilitation A. Mulyono1, A. Subardja2, I. Ekasari3, M. Lailati3, R. Sudirja4, W. Ningrum2 1Technical
Implementation Unit For Mine’s And Geological Hazard Mitigation, Liwa Indonesian Institute Of Science, Pekon Padang Dalom, West Lampung 2 Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 3Cibodas Botanical Garden LIPI 4Soil Science and Land Resources Department, Padjadjaran University
Abstract. Vegetation is one of the alternative technologies in the prevention of shallow landslide prevention that occurs mostly during the rainy season. The application of vegetation for slope stabilization known as bioengineering. Knowledge of the contribution of vegetation to be considered in bioengineering was the hydrological and mechanical aspects (hydro mechanical). Hydrological effect of vegetation to slope stability is to reduce of soil water content through transpiration, interception and evapotranspiration. Mechanical effect of vegetation to slope stability is to stabilize the slope with mechanical reinforcement of soils through roots. Vegetation water consumption varies which depends on the age and density, rainfall factors and soil types. Vegetation with high ability to absorb water from the soil and released into the atmosphere through a transpiration process will reduce the pore water stress and increased slope stability and vegetation with deep root anchoring and large root binding was potentially larger to maintain stability of the slope.
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Landslide disaster in Bandung regency Dedi Mulyadi Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. West Bandung has the potential for landslides and other disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. One of the most frequent disasters in West Bandung regency is landslide, some important occurrences are landslides. Important locations, including Lembang districts, Cililin: Padalarang, Cikalong Wetan and Cipatat ect,. in this study the landslide data will be overlaykan with spatial data, resulting in correction of spatial arrangement in west Bandung.
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TRIGRS Application for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping : a review Khori Sugianti, Sukristiyanti, Adrin Tohari Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. TRIGRS Application for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping : a review Khori Sugianti, Sukristiyanti, Adrin Tohari Abstract Research on landslide susceptibility has been carried out using several different methods. TRIGRS is a modeling program for landslide susceptibility by considering pore water pressure changes due to infiltration of rainfall. This paper aims at presenting a current state-of-the-art on the development and application of TRIGRS. Firstly, some limitations of TRIGRS are reviewed. Then, some developments of TRIGRS to improve its modeling capability are reviewed and discussed. Finally, examples of the applications of some versions of TRIGRS to model the effect of rainfall variation on landslide susceptibility are then discussed.
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Characteristics and Engineering Properties of Residual Soil Volcanic Deposition Implication Volcanic Soil Movement Y. S. Wibawa, K. Sugiarti, E. Soebowo Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Residual soil knowledge of volcanic sedimentary rock products provide important information on the soil bearing capacity and its engineering properties. The residual soil is the result of weathering of rocks commonly found in unsaturated conditions, having varying geotechnical characteristics at each level of weathering. This paper summarizes the results of the research from the basic engineering properties of residual soil residues of volcanic sedimentary rocks from several different locations. The main engineering properties of soil residues of the soil such as specific gravity, porosity, grain size, clay content (X-Ray test) and soil shear strength are performed on volcanic rock deposits. The results showed that the variation of the index and engineering properties and the micro-structure properties of residual soil have correlation between depth of weathering level. Based on pore volume and pore size distribution on weathered rock profiles, it can be used as an indication of weathering levels in the tropics.
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Land subsidence threats and its management in the North Coast of Java D. Sarah, E. Soebowo Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Cities in the north coast of Java such as Jakarta, Semarang, Pekalongan and Surabaya are vulnerable to environmental pressures such as sea level change and land subsidence. Land subsidence can be caused by natural and/or anthropogenic processes. Geologically the north coastal plain of Java consists of unconsolidated Holocene alluvial deposit. The recent alluvial deposit is prone to natural compaction, and further aggravated by anthropogenic forces such as groundwater extraction and land development. Understanding the complex interaction of natural and manmade factors is essential to establish mitigation strategy. Although the impacts of land subsidence are widely felt, many do not realize that land subsidence is taking place. This paper presents a brief review on the land subsidence threats in the North coast of Java and proposes a recommendation for suitable management response.
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Earthquake geology in Central Sulawesi Mudrik Rahmawan Daryono Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Earthquake geology in Central Sulawesi Island is composed of complex tectonic setting. The Sorong fault move from the east pust the sulawesi with 32 mm/yr slip rate, and accommodate by a matano fault with maximum slip rate of 28 mm/yr, and deflected by strike slip Palukoro fault with 45 mm/yr, and then meet with North Sulawesi Subduction with maximum sliprate of 50 mm/yr. On land tectonic kinematics have difference budget slip rate about 17 mm / year between Matano and Pulukoro faults. This budget increment must be accommodated by other active faults of the central part of Sulawesi that still unknown slip rate. Even having slip rate more than Sumatra about 16 mm/yr, earthquake productivity known is low. Earth scientist known this area as “a fast slip rate system with low earthquakes―. The statement is less precise. According to recent earthquake events in Palolo Graben and in the Geresa Segment (part of Matano Fault segments) in 2017 and the great 2012 earthquake shows this area is actually productive to produces earthquakes. Paleoseismogy study results in the Saluki Segment also show the occurrence of major earthquake events in 1909, the 14th century and the 15th century. It seems that we still unknown about the active fault itself and also lack of paleo-earthquake events.
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Earthquake Acceleration Amplification Based on Single Microtremor Test: A Review Arifan Jaya Syahbana1,2, Rahmat Kurniawan2, Eko Soebowo1 1
Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 of Bandung Institute of Technology
2Students
Abstract. Understanding of soil dynamics is needed to understand soil behavior, including the parameters of earthquake acceleration amplification. Many researchers now conduct single microtremor tests to obtain amplification of velocity and natural periods of soil at test sites. However, these amplification parameters are rarely used, so a method is needed to convert the velocity amplification to acceleration amplification. In this paper will be discussed about the proposed method of changing the value of amplification. The proposed method is to integrate the time histories of the earthquake synthetic acceleration of the soil surface in accordance with the deagregation at that location so the time histories of the velocity earthquake will be obtained. Next is to conduct a "fitting curve" between amplification by a single microtremor test with amplification of the synthetic earthquake velocity time histories. After obtained the fitting curve time histories of velocity, then differentiation will be conducted to obtain fitting curve acceleration time histories. The final step after obtaining the fitting curve is to compare the acceleration of the "fitting curve" against the histories time of the acceleration of synthetic earthquake at bedrocks to obtain single microtremor acceleration amplification factor.
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Earthquake hazard analysis method; a review A. M. Sari, A. Fakhrurrozi Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. One of the natural disasters that had major impacted on risks and damage is an earthquake. World countries such as China, Japan, and Indonesia are countries located on the active movement of continental plates with the frequency of earthquake occurrence more often than others. Several methods of earthquake hazard analysis have been done, among others, by analyzing seismic zone and earthquake hazard micro zonation, using Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (NDSHA) method and by using Remote Sensing. In its application, it is necessary to review in advance the effectiveness of each method. When viewed from the efficiency of time and accuracy of data, remote sensing can be used as a reference in the assess earthquake hazard accurately and quickly. This is because it takes a limited time required the right decision-making shortly after the disaster. Exposed areas and possibly vulnerable areas due to earthquake hazards can be easily analyzed using remote sensing. Technological developments in remote sensing such as GeoEye-1 provide added value and excellence in the use of remote sensing as one of the methods in the assessment of earthquake risk and damage. Furthermore, it is expected that the use of this method can be used in the design of policies for disaster management in particular and can reduce the risk of natural disasters such as earthquakes in Indonesia.
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Extreme Flood Event analysis in Indonesia based on rainfall intensity and recharge capacity Ida Narulita, Widya Ningrum Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Indonesia is very vulnerable to flood disaster because has high rainfall events throughout the year. Flood are categorized as the most important hazard disaster because it causing social, economic and human losses. The purpose of this study is to analyzed extreme flood event based on satellite rainfall dataset to understand the rainfall characteristic (rainfall intensity, rainfall pattern, etc.) that happened before flood disaster in the area for monsoonal, equatorial and local rainfall types. Recharge capacity will be analyzed using land cover and soil distribution. The data will use in this study are CHIRPS rainfall satellite data on 0.05 0 spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution, and GSMap satellite rainfall dataset operated by JAXA on 1 hour temporal resolution and 0.1 0 spatial resolution, land use and soil distribution map for recharge capacity analysis. The rainfall characteristic before flooding, and recharge capacity analysis that is expected to become one of the important information for flood mitigation in Indonesia.
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GIS and Geodatabase Disaster Risk for Spatial Planning Wawan Hendriawan Nur Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The spatial planning in Indonesia needs assessment and should pay attention to information on potential disaster. Because disaster is a very serious and detrimental problem that often occurs and cause casualties in some areas in Indonesia and inhibit the development. Various models and disaster studies were developed to calculate and assess the potential for disaster due to disaster. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system for assembling, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced disaster information can be collaborated with geodatabases to modeling and estimate disaster risk in an automated way and offer the possibility to customize most of the paramaters used In the models. In this paper describes a methodology, design, and implementation of geodatabase model based ArcGIS and Python of disaster risk models. The methodolgy and tools can help to overcome difficulties to estimate and display the potential for disaster risk in their area. The geodatabase model and GIS tools have succeded in estimating the potencial disaster risk in an automatic manner without manual process and possible to customizes most of the paramaters used in the models.
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Accelerated Processing of Stripmap Mode Synthetic Aperture Radar Raw Data on GPGPU Bambang Setiadi Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. In this work we presents an accelerated processor for satellite borne stripmap mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) raw data using Range Doppler Algorithm on General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU). The implementation aims to realize a fast and efficient SAR raw data processor capable of achieving near real time processing performance on commodity of the shelf computing system. The details of algorithm implementation on a low cost mobile GPU platform are analyzed and explained, along with the issues found and proposed solutions. The performance improvement from initial implementation and improved version is compared and presented.
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The spatial resolution enhancement using fusion approach: A review Hilda Lestiana, Sukristiyanti Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Object identification using remote sensing data has a problem when the spatial resolution does not in accordance with the object. The fusion approach is one of methods to solve the problem, to improve the object recognition and to increase the objects information by combining data from multiple sensors. The application of fusion image can be used to estimate the environmental component that is needed to monitor in multiple views, such as evapotranspiration estimation, 3D ground-based characterisation, smart city application, urban environments, terrestrial mapping, and water vegetation. The fusion method has been successful applied in land area and visible object. Land area that has a high variety of object information can increase the variation of environmental component estimation. The difficulties in recognizing the invisible object like sea surface temperature, especially in tropical area may be improved by using fusion method. The homogeneous of the object in the sea is a challenge to be solved.
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Urban Heat Island Towards Urban Climate; A Review Widya Ningrum, Ida Narulita Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The urban heat island defined as the temperature difference between the urban area and suburban areas and rural areas in the same region. A number of different technique evaluating the phenomenon are discussed. This paper reviews some of the causes and effects of urban heat islands, mainly on urban climate. Both directly and undirectly, the phenomenon also influences another multiple sectors. According to this, its needed to develop a strategic mitigation between goverment and scientist to reduce the temperature.
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CO2 dynamics on three habitats of mangrove ecosystem in Bintan Island, Indonesia I. W. E. Dharmawan Marine Life Conservation Unit, Biak-Papua, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Bosnik Raya, Kab. Biak-Numfor, Papua-Indonesia, 98111
Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has been increasing over time implied on global warming and climate change effects. Blue carbon is one of interested option to reduce its effect. As the biggest area in the world, Indonesia’s mangrove has been considered being the global mitigation on elevated CO2 concentrations. A quantitative study on CO2 dynamics was conducted in the habitat-variable and pristine mangrove of Bintan island. The study was aimed to estimate CO2 flux on three different mangrove habitats i.e. lagoon, oceanic and riverine. Even though all habitats were dominated by Rhizophora sp, they were completely differed one another by species composition, density and soil characteristics. Averagely, CO2 dynamics had the positive budget by ~0.668 Mmol/ha (82.47%) which were consisted of sequestration, decomposition and soil efflux at 0.810, -0.125 and -0.017 Mmol/ha/y, respectively. The study found that the oceanic habitats had the highest CO 2 capturing rate and the lowest rate of litter decomposition. Otherwise, the riverine site had the converse trend to oceanic rate. Therefore, oceanic mangrove was more efficient in controlling CO2 dynamics due to higher carbon storage on their biomass. A recent study also found that soil density and organic matter had a significant impact on CO2 dynamics.
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Carbon Sequestration Index as A Determinant for Climate Change Mitigation A'an J Wahyudi1, Afdal1, Bayu Prayudha1, I W E Dharmawan2, Andri Irawan3, Haznan Abimanyu4, Hanny Meirinawati1, Dewi Surinati1, Agus F Syukri5, Chitra I Yuliana6, Putri I Yuniati6 1
Research Center for Oceanography LIPI, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430; Biak MArine Life Conservation Unit LIPI, Jl. Bosnik, Biak Timur, Biak Numfor, Papua; 3 Research Center for Deep Sea LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual, Poka, Ambon 97233; 4 Research Center for Chemistry LIPI, Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314; 6 Research Center for Quality System and Testing Technology LIPI, Kawasan Puspiptek Gedung 417, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314; 7 Economic Research Center LIPI, Gedung Widya Graha LIPI Lantai 4-5, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Kav. 10, Jakarta 12190. 2
Abstract. The increase of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) affects the global carbon cycle, altering the atmospheric system, and initiates the climate changes. In order to mitigate these changes, there are two ways, to maintain the greenhouse gasses below the carbon budget and to conserve the marine and terrestrial vegetation for carbon sequestration. These two strategies become variable to the carbon sequestration index (CSI) that represents the potential of a region in carbon sequestration according to its natural capacity. As a study case, we conducted the research in Bintan region (Bintan Island and surround), Riau Archipelago province. We observe carbon sequestration of seagrass meadows and mangrove, greenhouse gas (CO2) emission (correlated to population growth, the increase of vehicles), and CSI. Bintan region has vegetation area 125,849.9 and 14,879.6 ha for terrestrial and marine vegetation, respectively. The both vegetation are able to sequester 0.262 Tg C yr -1 (i.e. 0.060 and 0.202 Tg C yr-1 for terrestrial and marine vegetation, respectively). Marine vegetation contributes about 77.1% from total carbon sequestration. Total CO2 emission in Bintan region is maximum 0.273 Tg C yr-1, produced by transportation, industry and land use sector. Therefore, CSI of the Bintan region is 0.98 that above the global average (i.e. 0.58). We can also expect the national CSI of Indonesia, according to the potential of vegetation in the region of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku Islands and Papua.
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The Impact of El Nino and La Nina On Water Mass Circulation in Ambon Bay F. R. T. Saputra1, M. R. Putri2, W. J. Tattipata1 Sea Research Center – Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Syaranamual Guru-Guru Poka Ambon 97233 2Research Group for Oceanography, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 1Deep
Abstract. El nino and La Nina are disruptions to the ocean-atmosphere system in the equatorial Pacific area, which is known havesignificant impact on the climate and weather throughout the world. This paper will discuss the impact of El Nino and La Nina to the water circulation in Ambon bay which directly adjacent to the Banda Sea. We used the vertical temperature variability datain east season from June, July, September, and October in the year of 2008 and 2009 and also data from July and October 2010. All data have been taken with CTD instrument in 7 stations which located in one straight line from inner to outer of Ambon Bay. The result shows that the water circulation in Ambon Bayisaffected by El Nino and La Nina. El Nino phase makes the thermocline layer from Banda Sea become shallower than usual and thus makes the circulation in Ambon Bay become more effective because the water mass with high density can enter into the deep ofinner Ambon bay through the narrow sill which separated between inner and outer Ambon Bay. Whereas, La Nina weaken the water circulation because the thermocline layer become deeper than usual.
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A Comparison between the 2010 and 2016 EL-Nino induced coral bleaching in the Indonesian waters Sam Wouthuyzen1, M Abrar1, and J Lorwens2 1LPKSDMO
Pari Island - LIPI, Coremap LIPI Buildings 5th Floor Jl. Raden Saleh 43, Jakarta 10330, Indonesia 2UPT Marine Biota Consevation Biak - LIPI, Bosnik - Biak Timur, Biak 98152, Papua, Indonesia
Abstract. Severe coral bleaching events always associated with the ENSO (El Ninō-Southern Oscillation) phenomenon, which caused a rise in ocean temperature 1-2˚C and potentially kill the corals world wide. At least four severe coral bleaching events occured in the Indonesian waters. This study aims to compare the coral bleaching events of the 2010 and 2016 and its impact on corals around the indonesian waters. Long-term (2002-2017) remotely sensed night time sea surface temperature (SST) data acquired from Aqua MODIS Satellite were used. Here, we calculated mean monthly maximum (MMM) SST as SST in normal condition; the differences between anomaly SST in each pixel during coral bleaching events of the 2010/2016 and MMM SST, called hot spot (HS); and how long HS occupied a certain place, called degree of heating weeks (DHW,˚C-week) and then mapped it. Results showed that the MMM SST for the Indonesian waters is 29.1˚C. The bleaching events of 2010 and 2016 was started and finished both in the same periods of March-June and nearly have the same pattern, but bleaching magnitude of the 2016 was stronger than 2010 with mean SST higher about 0.4˚C in May-June. The percentage impact areas from strong thermal stress on corals, which may result in partial bleaching (DHW 4-8˚C-week) was higher in the 2010 (17.2%) than the 2016 events (15.4%). However, the severe thermal stress, which may result in widespread bleaching with likely corals mortality (DHW > 8 ˚C-week) was higher in the 2016 (24.0%) than in the 2010 (14.1%). Coral bleaching events in the 2010 and 2016 spread in almost all the Indonesian waters and relatively occured in the same places, but with different impacts.
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Coral based- ENSO/IOD related climate variability in Indonesia Sri Yudawati Cahyarini Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Indonesia is located in the prominent site to study climate variability i.e. which is located between Pacific and Indian ocean. It has consequences to the regional climate in Indonesia that its climate variability is influenced by the climate events in the Pacific oceans (e.g ENSO) and in the Indian ocean (e.g. IOD), and monsoon as well as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Northwestern monsoon cause rainfall in the region of Indonesia, while reversely Southwestern monsoon cause dry season around Indonesia. The ENSO warm phase that so called El Nino cause several drought in Indonesia region, reversely the La Nina cause flooding in some region in Indonesia. However, the impact of ENSO in Indonesia is different from place to other place. To better understanding on the climate phenomen and its impact to the region required long time series climate data. Paleoclimate study which provide climate data back into hundreds to thousands year even to million year overcome this requirement. Coral Sr/Ca can provide information on past sea surface temperature (SST) and paired Sr/Ca and ï¤18O may be used to reconstruct variations in the precipitation balance (salinity) at monthly to annual interannual resolution. Several climate study based on coral geochemical records in Indonesia shows that coral Sr/Ca and ï¤18O from Indonesian records SST and salinity respectively. Coral Sr/Ca from inshore Seribu islands complex shows more air temperature rather than SST. Modern coral from Timor shows the impact of ENSO and IOD to the saliniy and SST is different at Timor sea. This result should be taken into account when interpreting Paleoclimate records over Indonesia. Our coral also shows more pronounced low frequency SST variability compare to the SST reanalysis (model). The longer data of low frequency variability will improve the understanding of warming trend in this climatically important region.
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Sunda Epicontinental Shelf and Quaternary glacialinterglacial sea level variation: role to the regional and global environmental change Wahyoe Soepri Hantoro Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Sunda Epicontinental Shelf occupies a large area between Asia and Indonesian Maritim Continent. This shallow shelf developed soon as stability of this area since Pliocen was achieved. Sedimentation and erosion started, following sea level variation of Milankovich (1974) that changed this area to, partly to entirely become a low lying open land. This changes implies a diffence height of about 135 m sea level. Consequence of this changes from shallow sea during interglacial to the low land during glacial period is producing different cover that influenced to the surrounding area. As the large land surface, this area should be covered by low land tropical forest, sabana to wet coastal plain. This large low lying land belongs an important river drainage system of South East Asia in the north (Gulf of Thailand) and another system that curved fromMalay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka-Belitung and Kalimantan, named as Palaeo Sunda River. The total area of this land is about 1 million km2, this must bring consequences to the environmental condition. This change belongs to the global change on which the signal may be sent to a distance, then is preserved as geological formation. Being large and flat land, it has a long and winding river valley so this land influences the life of biota as fauna and flora but also human being that may live or just move on passing through around East Asia. Global sea level changes through time which is then followed by the change of the area of land or water have indeed influenced the hydrology and carbon cycle balance. Through studying the stratigraphy and geology dynamic, based on seismic images and core samples from drilling work, one can be obtained, the better understanding the environmental change and its impact to the regional but could be global scale.
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Technical Session 2
No
Time
1 2 3 4
Presenter Lina Handayani Hendra Bakti Ananta Purwoarminta Rizka Maria
5
Anna Fadliah Rusydi
6 7 8 9
Wilda Naily Sudaryanto Rachmat Fajar Lubis Rachmat Fajar Lubis
10
Arianto Budi Santoso
11
11.00 - 12.00
Luki Subehi
12
Dyah Marganingrum
13
M. Rachman Djuwansah
14 15 16
Sukristiyanti Nyoman Sumawijaya Meti Yulianti
17
Iwan Ridwansyah
18
Astried Sunaryani
19
Hadiid Agita Rustini
20
Yuli Sudriani
No
Time
21
Presenter Andri Irawan
22
Dede Falahudin
23
Ricky Rositasari 13.30 - 14.45
24 25
Fitri Budiyanto Suratno
26
Lestari Sardi
27
Triyoni Purbonegoro
Topic: Geology and Geophysics, and Limnology Chair: Lina Nur Listiyowati and Widya Ningrum Title Gravity survey for groundwater characterization of Labuan Basin Groundwater flow to the Ocean : A review Analysis of groundwater and seawater interaction: a review Comparative studies of groundwater vulnerability assessment Correlation between conductivity and total dissolved solid in various type of water: A review Cl/Br Ratio to Determine Groundwater Quality: A Review Ratio of major ions in groundwater to determine saltwater intrusion in coastal areas Urban hydrogeology in Indonesia and highlight from Jakarta City- a review Water and Food Nexus at Citarum Watershed, Indonesia What do we know about Indonesian tropical lakes: Insights from high frequency monitoring Analysis of the reservoirs utilization influenced water quality profiles in Indonesia (Saguling – Jatiluhur) and Malaysia (Temengor – Chenderoh) with special references to cascade reservoirs Carrying capacity of water resources in Bandung Basin Environmental sustainability control by water resources carrying capacity concept: application significance in Indonesia Watershed Based Morphometric Analysis: A Review Hydraulic conductivity of tropical peat at diferent degree of decomposition Preliminary Study of Soil Permeability Properties using Principal Component Analysis Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict the impact of best management practices in Jatigede catchment area Spatial Distribution and Assessment of Nutrient Pollution in Lake Toba Using 2DLayered Model and DPSIR Framework Spatially Legal Aquaculture in Lake Toba: Where Are They? Forecast of Water levels using Artificial Neural Network Models in Cimandiri, West Java Topic: Oceanography and Resource Engineering Chair: Ilham Arisbaya and Marfasran Hendrizan Title Transplantation of Enhalus acoroides on a sedimented beach in Ambon Bay Assessing the distribution, origins and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Oryzias fish habitat at Keramat Kebo Estuary, Tangerang, Banten Determination of the chemical composition of Ammonia beccarii test using SED and EDX; Preliminary study of test capacity in response to anthropogenic metal contamination in coastal areas Trace metal in sediment of a deep sea floor of Makassar Strait Mercury concentration on Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii at Seribu Islands Speciation of heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn by modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in sediments from Banten Bay, Banten Province, Indonesia Toxicity of copper on the growth of marine microalgae Pavlova sp. and its chlorophyll-a content
52
28
Rachma Puspitasari
29
Arie Pujiwati
30
Rinaldo Siagian
31
Mutia Dewi Yuniati Eko Tri Sumarnadi Agustinus
32 33
Mie Mie Kyaw
34 35 36 37
Solihin Lenny M Estiaty Lina Nur Listiyowati Widodo Hadisaputro
38
Anggoro Tri Mursito
39 40
Andrie Al Kausar Eddy Zulkarnain Gaffar
41
Sri Indarto
42 43
Iwan Setiawan Iwan Setiawan
44
Lediyantje Lintjewas
45
Aryo Dwi Handoko
Cu toxicity on growth and chlorophyll-a of Chaetoceros sp Application of multivariate analysis to investigate the trace element contamination in top soil of coal mining district in Jorong, South Kalimantan, Indonesia New Potential Method Using Vertiver Grass (C. zizanioides (L.)) in Tropical Residual Soils As Phytoremediation of Mine Tailings in West Java, Indonesia Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: A Review Beneficiation Engineering, Mineral Processing Method for Added Value of Marginal Reserve Ecological assessment on the implementation of Hydropower projects from the view of Biodiversity conservation The Review Of Recent Carbonate Minerals Processing Technology Bio-coal briquetes Demineralization of low rank coal Coal Blending in the Making of Not-Carbonization Briquettes Physicochemical properties of hydrothermally treated Mempawah peat fuel: influence of hydrophilicity index on carbon aromaticity, combustibility and particle size Geochemical on Non-Volcanic Geothermal System Concept of geothermal exploration on Java Island based on geophysical data Petrographic and major elements results as indicator of the geothermal potential of in Java Geothermal and volcanism in the West Java Toward challenging REE exploration in Indonesia Mobility of rare earth element in hydrothermal process and weathering products non volcanic geothermal areas in Indonesia Characteristics, genesis of Rare Earth Element and occurrences in Indonesia
53
Gravity survey for groundwater characterization of Labuan Basin L. Handayani, D. D. Wardhana, P. Hartanto, R. Delinom, Sudaryanto, H. Bakti, F. R. Lubis Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Labuan groundwater basin currently has an abundance of water. As the deltaic area of Lada Bay, groundwater supply comes from local precipitation and also from recharge area at mountain ranges surrounding the area. However, the area has been experiencing a fast economic development, with high population and tourism industry growth. Such progress would lead to higher water consumption. A comprehensive groundwater management should be prepared for possible future problems. So, a groundwater investigation is a necessary step toward that purpose. Gravity method was applied to identify the regional condition of the basement. The assessment of deep buried basin and basement relationships using gravity data is a challenge for groundwater investigation. But previous studies had indicated the efficiency of the method to obtain basic information, as a foundation for more advanced studies.
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Groundwater flow to the Ocean : A review Hendra Bakti Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Indonesia is one of the archipelagic countries that has the longest coastline in the world. Because it is located in the tropics, in general has a very high rainfall. Between one island and another island has a different morphology that is composed of a variety of rocks with different hydrogeological properties. This natural condition allows for the presence of groundwater in varying amounts on each island. The difference in groundwater hydraulics gradients in aquifer continuous to the sea has triggered the discharge of groundwater to offshore known as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Its presence can be seepage or submarine springs with components derived from land and sea so that between them there is mixing. So far understanding of SGD phenomenon is very important because it can mainly be useful as a source of clean water in coastal areas, affecting marine health, and can improve marine environment services (sea floor diving).
55
Analysis of groundwater and seawater interaction: a review Ananta Purwoarminta1, Nils Moosdorf2 1Research 2Leibniz
Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135 Center for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
Abstract. This paper review how to investigate the interaction between groundwater and seawater. Those interactions could divide into two that are submarine groundwater discharge and seawater intrusion. This investigation is important because could give impact to coastal water resources and marine ecosystem. In land, fresh groundwater there is vulnerable to seawater disturbance. In some coastal areas, fresh water is sparse, especially in the dry season. His is due to a small fresh groundwater reservoir, which is under pressure by abstraction by population, industry and agriculture. The pumping could induce seawater intrusion and land subsidence. Then in marine, the ecosystem will disturb by groundwater discharge if that water was contaminate. To investigate the water interaction should compiling data i.e. lithology, pumping tests, hydrochemical data, sea level rise estimates, precipitation data, geophysics, environmental isotopes, and drilling information. The interaction could feed a model to determine how much groundwater can be extracted in coastal areas before seawater intrusion and land subsidence are triggered. Coastal water management should consider the groundwater and seawater interaction.
56
Comparative studies of groundwater vulnerability assessment Rizka Maria Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Pollution of groundwater is a major issue because aquifers susceptible to contamination from land use and anthropogenic impacts. Groundwater susceptibility is intrinsic and specific. Intrinsic vulnerability refers to aquifer that is susceptible to contamination to the geological and hydrogeological features. Vulnerability assessment an essential step in assessing groundwater contamination. This approach provides a visual analysis for helping planners and decision makers in order to achieve the sustainable management of water resources. Comparative studies applying different methodologies to result the effective evaluation of the groundwater vulnerability. Based on the comparison of methods there are several advantages and disadvantages of the method. SI could be overlaid on DRASTIC and Pesticide DRASTIC to extract the adivergence in vulnerability. DRASTIC identified low vulnerability and underestimate the pollution risk while Pesticide DRASTIC and SI represents better risk and recommended for future. SINTACS method generates very high vulnerability zones with surface waters and aquifer interactions. GOD method could be adequate for vulnerability mapping in karstified carbonate aquifers at small–moderate scales and for large scale could be to use EPIK method. GOD method is suitable for designing large area such as land management while DRASTIC has good accuracy and more effectively used in geoenvironmental detailed studies.
57
Correlation between conductivity and total dissolved solid in various type of water: A review Anna Fadliah Rusydi Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are water quality parameters which are used to describe salinity level. These two parameters are correlated that usually expressed by equation: TDS = k EC (for temperature 25 0C). Researches in revealing TDS/EC ratios are interesting to do. Process of obtaining TDS from water sample is more complex than EC. Therefore, by finding the ratio value then TDS concentration can be measured easily from EC value. However, the ratio cannot be defined easily. Previous research results have found correlation between TDS with EC are not always linear. The ratio is very influenced by salinity and EC measurement is depended on temperature. Furthermore, analysis of TDS concentration from EC value can be used to give an overview of water quality. Still for more precision result, the TDS concentrations need to be analyzed by gravimetry method in laboratory.
58
Cl/Br Ratio to Determine Groundwater Quality: A Review Wilda Naily Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Groundwater has different characteristics in each location, this is influenced by mineral content in rocks that dissolved as water travels through the pores of rocks or soil or when stored in the soil (aquifer). Differences of minerals in rocks that dissolved will lead to differences in anion content in groundwater. Chloride and bromide are the major ions that present in groundwater. The concentration of chloride in groundwater is 500 times greater than the concentration of bromide, in addition the high chloride concentration is a tracer the influence of sea water. The ratio between chloride and bromide (Cl/Br ratio) can be used as a determinant of groundwater quality, which can be used as a determinant of groundwater contamination, sea water intrusion and the origin of sea water intrusion.
59
Ratio of major ions in groundwater to determine saltwater intrusion in coastal areas Sudaryanto, Wilda Naily Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Saltwater or seawater intrusion into groundwater aquifers occurs mostly in big cities and developing coastal cities. Coastal hydrology is associated with complex and highly dynamic environmental characteristics of interactions between groundwater, surface water, and water from the estuary. The rise of sea levels and excessive use of groundwater for clean water source trigger saltwater intrusion. Identification of saltwater intrusion into groundwater can be done by groundwater sampling and major ion analysis. The major ions dissolved in water are Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO3, and SO4; the major ion ratios are Cl/Br, Ca/Mg, Ca/(HCO3 and SO4), and Na ̸Cl. By knowing whether groundwater quality has been or has not been influenced by saltwater, groundwater zones can be determined in every coastal area. In addition, by analyzing and reviewing some concepts about the intrusion or contamination of saltwater into groundwater, there will be sufficient results for the identification of saltwater intrusion.
60
Urban hydrogeology in Indonesia and highlight from Jakarta City- a review Rachmat Fajar Lubis Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. In many cities in the developing world, groundwater is an important source of public water supply. The interaction between groundwater systems and urban environments has become an important challenge for many developing cities in the world nether less Indonesia. Contributing factors are, but not limited to, the continuous horizontal and vertical expansion of cities, population growth, climate change, water scarcity and groundwater quality degradation. Jakarta as a capital city of Indonesia becomes one of a good example to study and implemented urban hydrogeology. Urban hydrogeology is a science investigating groundwater at the hydrological cycle and its change, water regime and quality within the urbanized landscape and zones of its impact. The present paper provides a review of Jakarta urban groundwater studies in the context of urban water management, advances in hydrogeological investigation, monitoring and modelling since the city established. The whole study emphasises the necessity of an integrated urban groundwater management and development supporting hydrogeological techniques for urban areas.
61
Water and Food Nexus at Citarum Watershed, Indonesia Rachmat Fajar Lubis, Hendra Bakti, Sudaryanto Martosuparno, Robert Delinom Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The water-food nexus is promoted as an approach to look at the linkages between water and food. The articles of Water’s Special Issue “Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Large Asian River Basins†look at the applicability of the nexus approach in different regions and rivers basins in Asia. Citarum River was selected for the case of Indonesia study site of RIHN Water-food Nexus Project with focus on the Juanda/Jatiluhur dam as the downstream of the three large cascaded reservoirs and river estuary at the Jakarta Bay. As a result, there are a variety of interpretations for the nexus. These include three complementary perspectives that see nexus as an analytical approach, governance framework and emerging discourse. Secondly, nexus is a predominantly water-sector driven and water-centred concept. Evaluation of water quality of Citarum River and the increasing demands for water-food nexus revealed the critical status even at present condition that requires strategic decision to modify the water allocation policy to ensure human-environmental sustainability water security.
62
What do we know about Indonesian tropical lakes: Insights from high frequency measurement Arianto Budi Santoso, Endra Triwisesa, Muh. Fakhrudin, Eko Harsono, Hadiid Agita Rustini Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. When measuring ecological variables in lakes, sampling frequency is critical in capturing environmental pattern. Discrete sampling of traditional monitoring programs is likely to result in vital knowledge gaps in understanding any processes particularly those with fine temporal scale characteristics. The development of high frequency measurements offer a sophisticated range of information in recording any events in lakes at finer time scale. We present physical indices of a tropical deep Lake Maninjau arrayed from OnLine Monitoring System (OLM). It is revealed that Lake Maninjau mostly has a diurnal thermal stratification pattern. The calculated lake stability (Schmidt stability), however, follows seasonal pattern: low in December – January and around August, high in May and September. Using 3D numerical model simulation (ELCOM) we infer how wind and solar radiation intensity control lake’s temperature profiles. With this review, we highlight the needs of high frequency measurement establishment in Indonesian tropical lakes to better understand the unique processes and supporting authorities’ decision making in maximizing the provision of ecosystem services supplied by lakes and reservoirs.
63
Analysis of the reservoirs utilization influenced water quality profiles in Indonesia (Saguling – Jatiluhur) and Malaysia (Temengor – Chenderoh) with special references to cascade reservoirs Luki Subehi Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. Tropical reservoir is the one ecosystem which is functioning in both ecological and economic services. As the settling of water volume, it harbors many species of fish communities. The objective of this study is to analyze the utilization and management reservoirs related to their water quality conditions, representative as tropical reservoirs featuring from Indonesia and Malaysia cascade reservoirs. Survey at Jatiluhur and Saguling (Indonesia) was conducted in March 2014 and September 2015, respectively. Meanwhile, Temengor and Chenderoh (Malaysia), the survey were done in January 2014 and April 2017, respectively. Based on elevation, Saguling and Temengor are upstream reservoirs. In contrary, Jatiluhur and Chenderoh are downstream reservoirs. The results on the survey in Jatiluhur and Saguling reservoirs showed that the average depths are 32.9 m and 17.9 m, respectively. On the other hand, Temengor and Chenderoh reservoirs are 100 m and 16.2 m, respectively. All of them play multi-functional roles including as a source of power plant, fisheries and tourism, as well as water sources for irrigation. In addition, Saguling and Temengor reservoirs are relatively dendritic in shape. In case in Indonesia, there are three consecutive reservoirs along Citarum River. In case in Malaysia, there are four consecutive reservoirs along Perak River. The results showed the potential impact from fish cages as pollutant, especially at Indonesian reservoirs. In addition, these tropical reservoirs have become famous tourism getaway. The capabilities of economic values of these reservoirs and ecosystem should be balanced. Basic ecological information is necessary for the next study.
64
Carrying capacity of water resources in Bandung Basin D. Marganingrum Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The concept of carrying capacity is widely used in various sectors as a management tool for sustainable development processes. This concept has also been applied in watershed or basin scale. Basin Bandung is the upstream of Citarum watershed known as one of the national strategic areas. This area has developed into a metropolitan area loaded with various environmental problems. Therefore, research that is related to environmental carrying capacity in this area becomes a strategic issue. While research on environmental carrying capacity that has been done in this area is still partial, either in water balance terminology, land suitability, ecological footprint, or balance of supply and demand of resources. This paper describes the application of the concept of integrated environmental carrying capacity to be able to overcome the increasingly complex and dynamic environmental problems. The sector that becomes the focus of attention is the issue of water resources. The approach method to be carried out is to combine the concept of maximum balance and system dynamics. The dynamics of the intended system is the ecological dynamics and population that can not be separated from one another in a unity of the Bandung Basin ecosystem.
65
Environmental sustainability control by water resources carrying capacity concept: application significance in Indonesia M. Djuwansyah Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. This paper review the use of Water Resources carrying capacity concept in order to control environmental sustainability with the particular note for the case in Indonesia. Carrying capacity is a capability measure of an environment or an area to support human and the other lives as well as their activities in a sustainable manner. Recurrently water related hazards and environmental problems indicates that the environments is exploited over its carrying capacity. Evironmental carrying capacity (ECC) assessment includes Land and Water Carrying Capacity analyses of an area, suggested to refers always on the dimension of the related watershed as a greater incorporated hydrologic unit for the basis of resources availability estimation. Many countries use this measure to forecast the future sustainability of regional development based on water availability. Direct water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) assessment involves population number determination together with their activities could be supported by available water, whereas indirect WRCC assessment comprises the analyses of supply-demand balance status of available water. Water resource limits primarily environmental carrying capacity rather than land resource, since in the other hand, land capability constraints are easier to be diminished by technology inputs. WRCC is an imperative factor to be known in order to control land and water resource utilization, particularly in a growing densely populated area. Even though capability of Water resources is relatively perpetual, the utilization pattern of these resources may change by socio-economic and cultural technology level of the users, because of which WRCC should be evaluated periodically to maintain usage sustainability of water resource and environment.
66
Watershed Based Morphometric Analysis: A Review Sukristiyanti, R. Maria, H. Lestiana Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Drainage basin/ watershed analysis based on morphometric parameters is very important for watershed planning. Morphometric analysis of the watershed is considered to be the most satisfactory method because it enables in understanding of the relationship of various aspects within a watershed. Despite many technical papers being dealt in this area of study, there is no particular standard classification and implication of each parameter. It is very confusing to evaluate a value of every morphometric parameter. This paper deals with the implication of values of the various morphometric parameters, with adequate contextual information. A critical review is presented on each classification, the range of values, and the implication of each class from each parameter. Besides classification and its impact, the authors also concerns about the quality of input data, either in data preparation and scale/ the detail level of mapping. This review paper hopefully can give a comprehensive explanation to assist the incoming researches dealing with morphometric analysis.
67
Hydraulic conductivity of tropical peat at diferent degree of decomposition Nyoman Sumawijaya Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. In the tropical area, waterlooged condition is the main factor controlling the accumulation of peat deposit. This prerequisite also state that for the sustainability of peat deposit, a waterlogg condition should be maintained. This condition is in contrary with the requirement for the agricultural development in the peatland that require the sufficient oxygen in the root zone. Lowering groundwater level to improve aeration in the rooting zoon should be done. However development of some part of peatland cannot be avoided to fulfill the need of land for the ever growing population. Water regulation is the key for success in peatland development and conservation. Hydraulic conductivity data is the most important parametr to make a good drainage design. However, hydraulic conductivity of peat is realted to the degree of decomposition. On the other hand, draining a peatland will eccelerate decomposition, hence reducing hydraulic conductivity. It is required to have the values of peat hydraulic conductivity of diferent degree of decomposition. It is needed to know how the hydraulic conductivity of peat changes with the decomposition progress.
68
Preliminary Study of Soil Permeability Properties using Principal Component Analysis Meti Yulianti Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. Soil permeability measurement is undoubtedly important in carrying out soil-water research such as rainfall-runoff modeling, irrigation water distribution systems, etc. It is also known that acquiring reliable soil permeability data is rather time consuming, cumbersome, and expensive. Mathematical models using correlations for estimating permeability using soil variables, such as particle size distribution and organic matter have been developed quite extensively in several decades. Some models used extensive soil database involving various variables, while others used only specific type of soil. In order to choose the most suitable model, we have to take into account the database behind its derivatives. This study is aimed to identify variables that are strongly correlated to soil permeability. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 17 variables analyzed from 37 samples obtained from Batanghari Watershed. The result identified several variables that have strong correlation with soil permeability, and thus implies several models that are unsuitable to be applied in this watershed.
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Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict the impact of best management practices in Jatigede catchment area Iwan Ridwansyah, M. Fakhrudin, Hendro Wibowo, Meti Yulianti Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. Cimanuk watershed is one of the national priority watersheds for rehabilitation considering its critical condition. In this area, operates Jatigede Reservoir, which is the second largest reservoir in Indonesia, after Jatiluhur Reservoir. The reservoir perform several functions, including flood control, irrigation for 90.000 ha of rice fields, water supply of 3.500 litres per second, and power generation of 110 MW. In 2004 the Jatigede Reservoir catchment area has a critical land area of 40.875 ha (28% of the catchment area). The sedimentation rate in Cimanuk River at Eretan station shows high rate (5.32 mm/year), which potentially decrease the function of Jatigede Reservoir. Therefore, a strategy of Best Management Practice’s (BMP’s) is required to mitigate the problem by using SWAT hydrology modelling. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of BMP’s on surface runoff and sediment yield in Jatigede Reservoir Catchment Area. Simulations were conducted using land use in 2011. The results of this study suggest that SWAT model considered as reasonable modelling of BMP’s simulation in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficients (0.71). The simulation using terraces, silt pit, and dam trenches as BMP’s techniques. The BMP’s application can reduce surface runoff from 99,7 mm to 75,8 mm, and decrease sediment yield from 61,9 ton/ha/year to 40,8 ton/ha/year.
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Spatial Distribution and Assessment of Nutrient Pollution in Lake Toba Using 2D-Layered Model and DPSIR Framework A. Sunaryani, E. Harsono, H. A. Rustini, S. Nomosatryo Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. Lake Toba is the largest lake in Indonesia that utilized as a source of life-support of drinking and clean water, energy sources, aquaculture and tourism. Nowadays the water quality in Lake Toba was decreased due to the presence of excessive nutrient (nitrogen: N and phosphorus: P). This study aims to describe the spatial distribution of nutrient pollution and to develop a decision support tool for the identification and evaluation of nutrient pollution control in Lake Toba. Spatial distribution method was conducted by 2D-multi layers hydrodynamic model, while DPSIR Framework used as a tool for the assessment. The results showed that the concentration of nutrient was low and tends to increase along the water depth, but nutrient concentration in aquaculture zones was very high and the trophic state index has reached eutrophic state. The principal anthropogenic driving forces were population growth and the development of aquaculture, livestock, agriculture, and tourism. The main environmental pressures showed that aquaculture and livestock waste are the most important nutrient sources (93% of N and 87% of P loads). The state were high nutrient concentration and increased algal growth that lead to oxygen depletion. The impacts of these conditions were massive fish kills, loss of amenities and tourism value, also decreased usability of clean water supply. This study can be a useful information for decision-makers to evaluate nutrient pollution control. Nutrient pollution issue in Lake Toba requires the attention of local government and public society to maintain the sustainability.
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Potential area for floating net fishery in Lake Toba H. A. Rustini, E. Harsono, I. Ridwansyah Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. Lake Toba in North Sumatera, Indonesia, is now designated to be a world class tourism destination. Aside from infrastructure development, this largest lake in the Southeast Asia also needs to be restored, especially its water quality. While an oligotrophic status is required for tourism purposes, several studies showed that Toba is mesotrophic at its best and hypereutrophic at its worst. Numerous studies and reports blame floating net fishery (FNF) for water quality declining in Lake Toba and propose limitation for its production. While the central government allowed FNF to be positioned in certain areas according to its depth and distance from the lakeshore, increasing number of FNF means adding more nutrients to the lake and thus may inhibit the lakes restoration process. Hence, it is important to identify which areas are potential for FNF location in order to assist the authorities to regulate FNF. This study used SPOT-6, SPOT-7, and Pleiades satellite imagery to locate existing position of FNF and analyze the result to identify potential location for FNF.
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Forecast of Water levels using Artificial Neural Network Models in Cimandiri, West Java Yuli Sudriani, Iwan Ridwandyah, Hadiid A. R. Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Centre Botanical Garden, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Abstract. Cimandiri River Basin is located in West Java Province surrounded by large river ( Citarik river and Cicatih river ) and steam electric power station. This basin has a total area of approximately 600 ha and lies next to agricultural area, forest, settlement and plantation. The methodology using feedback artificial neural network ( FANN ) to model and estimate water level with rainfall data and debit data between 2002-2011 ( 10 years ) in three stations ( Leuwilisung, Tegaldatar, Rancakemit). ANN is learning process that the system behavior of interest by processing repre-sentative data patterns through a mathematical structure analogous to the human brain. Findings Indicate that FANN could successfully model the complex relationship between rainfall and water level in Cimandiri area. The performance is assessed using Root mean square error (RMSE). Over the study periode, the performance of this model is 89.6�The forecast of water levels at the Cimandiri river basin and along main drainage can be used by farmers and government to give information about estimation water level in the future, controlling water distribution, and reduce the cost of installing water level observations. Keyword: Neural Network, Cimandiri River Basin, Forecast, Water Level Prediction, Debit Prediction.
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Transplantation of Enhalus acoroides on a sedimented beach in Ambon Bay Andri Irawan Research Centre for Deep Sea – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2LD – LIPI), Y. Syaranamual Street, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
Abstract. Coastal development in Ambon Bay has been contributing to coastal ecosystem degradations in recent years. One of the negative effect was the over sedimentation that changes the landscape of coastal ecosystem such as seagrass beds. This changes have made this ecosystem lost some of its functions especially as the habitat for other biotas, because the vegetation was buried and reduced in density. So, on December 2015, a rehabilitation effort has done at Kate-kate Beach with transplantation techniques of Enhalus acoroides. After 3-11 months of observation, it was noticed that only the transplants in the deeper area were survived, contrary, the transplants in exposed and dry area during low tide were not survived. Overall, the survival rate of the transplantation project was 49,73%, because the transplants need enough submerged condition to support their lives. The study recommend that to rehabilitate a damaged seagrass beds due to the over sedimentation, we have to remove the sediment until certain depth during low tide to ensure the transplants were submerged in seawater. On top of that, the local government have to reduce the sedimentation rate from land because over sedimentation will make the beach profile become too shallow and exposed during the low tide.
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Assessing the distribution, origins and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Oryzias fish habitat at Keramat Kebo Estuary, Tangerang, Banten D. Falahudin, D. Yogaswara, Khozanah, Edward Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. Indonesia has a variety of coastal systems among others, coral reef, mangrove, seagrass, mudflat, and dune, each of which has high biodiversity of species. On the other hand, the primary concern in Indonesia is that rapid economic growth that it would endanger some important natural ecosystems and resources, and cause deterioration of environmental condition. As part of bioindicator development to recognize pollutants with small fish of the genus Oryzias, this study was conducted to assess baseline status of PAHs distribution and sources in seawater, sediments and Oryzias fish. The ecological risk of PAHs in sediments also was evaluated. Fifteen PAH priority based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were analyzed with GCMS. Our study showed that sum of PAHs concentrations in seawater, sediments, and Oryzias fish varied from 0.00 to 30.60 µg/l, 0.11 to 3.08 µg/g dw, and 0.05 to 0.06 µg/g dw, respectively. Based on the diagnostic ratio of PAH compounds, the potential sources of PAHs at Oryzias fish habitat in Keramat Kebo River and Estuary originated mainly from pyrogenic sources. The status of sediment from this Oryzias fish habitat was considered to be low polluted with PAHs.
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Determination of the chemical composition of Ammonia beccarii test using SED and EDX; Preliminary study of test capacity in response to anthropogenic metal contamination in Coastal Areas R. Rositasari, Suratno, D. Yogaswara Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. The use of single-celled and shelled biota such as foraminifera that live as benthic in coastal environmental monitoring activity is very efficient. The use of several species of the Ammonia as a proxy of various aquatic environments has been widely studied. Screening of chemical constituents in the foraminiferal test is a step approach on knowing the test capacity in response to anthropogenic metal contamination in coastal areas. The initial hypothesis of this study is the calcite test of Ammonia beccarii binds the anthropogenic metal in its test structure and triggers the deformation test. The normal and abnormal test of Ammonia in Jakarta Bay sediments of 1962, 2016 and Batam waters at 2015 are used in this study. The Ammonia beccarii test was analyzed using SED and EDX detectors (Secodary electron detector and Energy Dispersive X-ray). The shooting was performed three times on each test, ie in the first chamber (proloculus), the last chamber and the chamber between the two. The main building blocks of the foraminifera test are oxygen with an average range of 42.86 - 58.79% of weight and carbon with an average range of 17.69 - 26.32% of weight. There is a tendency for low levels of C and O elements in abnormal tests.
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Trace metal in sediment of a deep sea floor of Makassar Strait F. Budiyanto, Lestari Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. Makassar Strait is located in the entrance of Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) and the geochemistry of metals in sediment is remaining unexplored. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of metals in sediment and to assess the sediment quality based on those metals concentration. The sediment was collected from 632-4730 m in depth using giant piston corer on R/V Baruna Jaya VIII in December 2014. In each observation point, three layers of sediment were subsampled from the core i.e. surface layer (0-5 cm), middle layer (45-55 cm) and bottom layer. The metals were analyzed using acid digestion procedure followed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result indicated the metal was spatially insignificant different in sediment and the decline of metal concentration in the core sample was noticed. The Enrichment factor presented no enrichment to minor enrichment of metal in sediment.
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Mercury concentration on Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii at Seribu Islands Suratno1, Andri Irawan2 1Research
Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia 2Research Centre for Deep Sea – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2LD – LIPI), Y. Syaranamual Street, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
Abstract. Concentration of mercury (Hg) was measured in sediment, rhizomes, roots and leaves of two species of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii) from Lancang Island, Pari Island and Panggang Island at Seribu Islands, Indonesia in April-May 2017. The highest concentration of mercury was found in sediment at Lancang Island. The concentration of mercury were significantly higher in leaves compare with roots or rhizomes in E. acoroides at Lancang Island and Panggang Island. T. hemprichii accumulate mercury higher than E. acoroides at Lancang Island. Overall, seagrass species such as E. acoroides and T. hemprichii are potential as bio-indicator of mercury bio accumulation.
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Speciation of heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn by modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in sediments from Banten Bay, Banten Province, Indonesia Lestari, F. Budiyanto, D. Hindarti Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. Banten Bay is categorized as a marine area that is busy with marine tourism activities, settlements and also industry. One potential impact of the condition is the occurrence of pollution from both industrial and domestic sources, erosion and sedimentation in the coastal environment. Samples were collected from 25 representative stations in April 2016. Chemical speciation of three heavy metals (Cu, Ni, and Zn) was studied using a modified sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Standard, Measurements and Testing (SM&T) program, formerly the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). The aim of this study are to determine geochemical speciation of 4 bounds of metal: acid-soluble, reducible , oxidizable and residual and to assess their impacts in the sediments of Banten Bay, Indonesia. The result show that Percentage of Copper (45.90-83.75%), Nickel (18.28-65.66%), and Zink (30.45-79.51%) were mostly accumulated in residual fraction of the total concentrations were mostly accumulated in residual fraction of the total concentrations. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) reveal that about 0-7.07% of Copper and 1.11-24.35 % of Zink at sites exist in exchangeable fraction and therefore low risk category. While 7.34-34.9% of Ni at sites exist in exchangeable fraction and therefore medium risk category to aquatic environment.
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Toxicity of copper on the growth of marine microalgae Pavlova sp. and its chlorophyll-a content T. Purbonegoro1, Suratno1, R. Puspitasari1, N. A. Husna2 1Research
Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia 2Graduated student from Faculty of Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
Abstract. Marine microalgae are the primary producers at the base of the marine food chain. Their sensitivity to metal contamination has been used for years and provide important information for predicting the environmental impact of pollution. Toxicity testing using marine microalgae Pavlova sp. was carried out to assessed the toxicity of copper on the growth and chlorophyll-a content. Results of this study shows that adverse effects were observed with the increase of copper concentration. Cells number began to decreased at the lowest concentration (13 μg/L) and reduced drastically at 98 μg/L. Minimum cell number was observed at the highest concentration (890 μg/L). The inhibition concentration (IC50) value of copper for Pavlova sp. was 51.46 µg/L and at concentrations >29 μgL-1 chlorophyll-a content decreased dramatically compared to the control. A variation in cells size and morphology was also observed at higher concentration by the increase in the cell size and loss of setae compared to normal cells.
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Cu toxicity on growth and chlorophyll-a of Chaetoceros sp R. Puspitasari1, Suratno1, T. Purbonegoro1, A. T. Agustin2 1Research
Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia 2Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
Abstract. Phytoplankton are potentially more at risk to the adverse effects of metal in aquatic ecosystems. The focus of this study was to characterize the toxicity of copper to Chaetoceros gracilis. Microalgae, C. gracilis was grown under controlled laboratory conditions and was used to water-only toxicity test. This research was conducted through several steps i.e: Cu toxicity test based on standard method from American Standard Testing Material, photo microscopic was used to see the morphology respons and chlorophyll-a test using Flourometer Turner Trilogy type AU-10. Result showed that IC50 of Cu on the microalgae C. gracilis is 30.25 µg L -1. The exposure of Cu caused inhibition of growth of microalgae C. gracilis, deformation on cell wall and lost of setae and decrease of chlorophyll -a.
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Application of multivariate analysis to investigate the trace element contamination in top soil of coal mining district in Jorong, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Arie Pujiwati1,2, K. Nakamura1, N. Watanabe1, T. Komai1 1Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan 2General Secretariat of National Energy Council, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 49 Jakarta Selatan 12950, Indonesia
Abstract. Multivariate analysis is applied to investigate the geochemistry of several trace elements in top soils and their relation with the contamination source as the influence of coal mines in Jorong, South Kalimantan. Total concentration of Cd, V, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, As, Pb, Sb, Cu and Ba were determined in 20 soil samples by the bulk analysis. Pearson correlation is applied to specify the linear correlation among the elements. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were applied to observe the classification of trace elements and contamination sources. The results suggest that contamination loading is contributed by Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb. The elemental loading effects mostly to the non-coal mining area, for instances the area near settlement and agricultural land use. Moreover, the contamination source is classified to the areas that are influenced by the coal mining activity, the agricultural types, and the river mixing zone. Multivariate analysis could elucidate the elemental association and the extended influence of trace elements from coal mines to their surrounding soils.
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New Potential Method Using Vertiver Grass (C. zizanioides (L.)) in Tropical Residual Soils As Phytoremediation of Mine Tailings in West Java, Indonesia R. Siagian, D. L. Anggita Dapartement Geological Engginering, Diponegoro University, Prof Soedarto Street, Semarang, Indonesia
Abstract. Tailings are a residual material of valuable mineral extraction in ores processes, usually dump into residual soils which products of the intensive in-situ weathering of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, and they include the group of iron-rich materials, usually described as laterites or lateritic soils which are very common in tropical areas. In general, mining companies, especially gold in West Java, the extraction is using compound NaCN process. It is also appropriate by the geological characteristics in West Java that can produce residual soils. It makes the cyanide and the other heavy metal contents in tailings produced exceeding the specified quantity standard which has potentially damage the environment. This study is aimed to analyze the effectiveness of C. zizanioides (L.) or known as Vetiver Grass to decrease the concentration of the heavy metals (CN-, Cd and Cu) in residual soils as the contaminants from the tailings. The results indicated that the concentration of heavy metal waste (CN-, Cd and Cu) in the water was decreasing along with the time exposure during the observation period. Using C. zizanioides (L.) effectively indicated removes metals CN-, Cd and Cu within 4 weeks with average removal efficiency are 37.64% (Cd1), 48.46% (Cd2.5) and 48.84% (Cd5) and 32.55% (Cu2.5), 54.68% (Cu5), and 52.59% (Cu7.5). This grass is also very easy to cultivate so from the economic side will be very effective as phytoremediation. So it can be concluded the use of Vertiver Grass (C. zizanioides (L.)) is very suitable to be done on residual ground in west java and can also be used as role model for other regions that have the same residual soil characteristic in Indonesia.
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Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: A Review M. D. Yuniati Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Petroleum is the major source of energy for various industries and daily life. Release of petroleum into the environment whether accidentally or due to human activities is a main cause of soil pollution. Soil contaminated with petroleum has a serious hazard to human health and causes environmental problems as well. Petroleum pollutants, mainly hydrocarbon, are classified as priority pollutants. The application of microorganisms or microbial processes to remove or degrade contaminants from soil is called bioremediation. This microbiological decontamination is claimed to be an efficient, economic and versatile alternative to physicochemical treatment. This article presents an overview about bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. It is also includes explanation about types of bioremediation technologies as well as processes.
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Beneficiation Engineering, Mineral Processing Method for Added Value of Marginal Reserve E. T. S. Agustinus Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Indonesia's position on the path of volcanism makes Indonesia rich in mineral resources. Nevertheless, in the past the exploitation of Indonesian mineral resources was uncontrolled resulting in environmental degradation and marginal reserves. Exploitation of excessive mineral resources is very detrimental to the state like the incident in Nauru. Reflecting on the occasion, the management and utilization of Indonesia's mineral resources needs to be done good mining practice. The problem is how to utilize the mineral reserve resources effectively and efficiently. Utilization of marginal reserves requires new technologies and processing methods, because the old processing methods are inadequate. A new process innovation, beneficiation involving engineering technology called beneficiation engineering. The underlying concept is to do the extraction or refining but processing through the formulation of raw materials by adding an additive such as to produce a new material called functional materials. Application of this method becomes important to be synthesized into a scientific paper in the form of books, so the information is spread across multiple print media to become more focused and optimized. The book is expected to be used as a reference for stakeholder in providing added value environmentally sound marginal reserves in Indonesia.
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Ecological assessment on the implementation of Hydropower projects from the view of Biodiversity conservation *
Mie Mie Kyaw
*ASEAN-U.S. Science and Technology Fellow (2014), *ASEAN Science Diplomat (2017), *Lecturer, Department of Zoology, University of Mandalay, Myanmar
Abstract. It is focusing on ecological assessment on the implementation of hydropower projects in Myanmar, as the surrounding area is facing overharvesting of natural resources, deforestation, habitat degradation, and pollution from contaminants; all are mainly affecting on environment, and the socioeconomic condition of local indigenous people. Similarly, changing the population of fisheries resources as well as socioeconomic condition in the resettlement areas due to the implementation of Hydropower projects because of road constructions towards dam site areas and implementation of the resettlement areas is vital importance for sustainable development concerning not only all levels of ecosystems but also socio economic index of local inhabitants. Regarding all actions concerning climate change and all tasks relating sustainable energy, it is critical point to be all community development; therefore, it is necessary to link successfully between decision makers and local inhabitants in order to be effective communication by doing efficient discussion and powerful engagement between different groups. This will result in recommendations in present and future for better policies and actions to protect climate change including environmental quality analysis, pollution control management, water resource conservation, fisheries resources conservation, and sources of indigenous livelihoods and their sustainability on socioeconomic development.
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The Review Of Recent Carbonate Minerals Processing Technology Solihin Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Carbonate is one of the groups of minerals that can be found in relatively large amount in the earth crust. The common carbonate minerals are calcium carbonate (calcite, aragonite, depending of its crystal structure), magnesium carbonate (magnesite), calcium-magnesium carbonate (dolomite), and barium carbonate (barite). Large amount of calcite can be found in many places in Indonesia such as Padalarang, Sukabumi, and Tasikmalaya (West Java Provence). Dolomite can be found in large amount in Gresik, Lamongan, and Tuban (East Java Provence). Magnesite is quite rare in Indonesia, up to recent years it can only be found in Padamarang Island (South East Sulawesi Provence). The carbonate has been being exploited through open pit mining activity. Traditionally, calcite can be ground to produce material for brick production, be carved to produce craft product, or be roasted to produce lime for many applications such as raw materials for cement, flux for metal smelting, etc. Meanwhile, dolomite has traditionally been used as raw material to make brick for local buildings and to make fertilizer for coconut oil plant. Carbonate mineral actually consist of important elements needed by modern application. Calcium is the one of the elements needed in artificial bone formation, slow release fertilizer synthesis, dielectric material production, etc. Magnesium is important material in automotive industry to produce the alloy for vehicle main parts. Magnesium also is used as alloying element in the production of special steel for special purpose. Magnesium oxide can be used to produce slow release fertilizer, catalyst and any other modern application. The aim of this review article is to present in brief the recent technology in to process carbonate minerals. This review covers both the technology that has been industrially proven and the technology that is still in research and development stage. One of the industrially proven technologies to process carbonate mineral is the production of magnesium metals from dolomite. The discussion is emphasized to the requirements of certain aspects prior to the application of this technology in Indonesia. Other technologies that are still in research and development stage is also presented and discussed. The discussion is aimed to find further possible research and development in carbonate processing.
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Bio-coal briquetes Lenny Marilyn Estiaty, Dewi Fatimah, Widodo Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The use of briquettes for fuel, making purposes has been a technology widely used by many countries. Several reasearchers have been carried out on the production and use of briquettes for both domestic and industrial purposes. Common types of briquette in use are coal,peat,charcoal, and biomass briqettes. Recently , research showed that blending of coal and biomass will give rise to a briquette with better combustion and physical characteristic,and environmentally friendly. This type of briquette is known as bio-coal briquettes. Bio-coal briqettes are made from agriculture waste and coal, which are readily available, cheap andaffordable. Researchers make these biocoal briquettes with different aims and objectives, depending on the needs of each problem to be solved. Among them are: 1. Utilizing agricultural waste as an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels that are depleting its reserves. 2. add coal to biomass to add calorific value to bio-coal briquette, because biomass has low calorific value. 3. add biomass to coal to improve chemical and physical properties. In our research, bio-coal briquettes are made to utilize low grade coal. But the biomass we use is different from previous researchers because the biomass has undergone fermentation. Benefits that can be taken: 1.Fermentation change the hemi cellulose into a simpler form, so that the burning activation energy decreases, the calorific value is expected to increase. 2.Enzym produced will bind to heavy metals from coal as co-factors, forming metals to be harmless to the environment.
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Demineralization of low rank coal Lina Nur Listiyowati Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Low rank coals are not used in various industries like power plant, metallurgical plants, cement units, etc because of generation of large amount of solid and gaseous pollutants. For this reason, it is of foremost importance to clean the coal before its utilization. There are several technologies to produce clean coal. This paper reviews demineralization of coals containing high ash by physical, bio beneficiation, and chemical methods. Physical beneficiation is ineffective in separation of finely dispersed minerals, while bio processing is used primarily for desulfurization of high sulfur coals, although this is usually slow and requires a long period of incubation. Chemical beneficiation produce a lot of wastewater which must be purified before discharge. Thus, a combination of approaches consisting of physically-chemically beneficiation can reduce ash with less investment and produce less amount of wastewater.
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Coal Blending in the Making of Not-Carbonization Briquettes Widodo, D. Fatimah, L. M. Estiaty Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The Referring to national energy policy targets for the years 2025, the government has launched the use of coal briquettes as an alternative energy replacement for kerosene and firewood. Not carbonized briquettes in the form of coal briquettes as well as bio-coal briquettes are many used in small-medium industries and households, and are rarely used by large industries. The standard quality of coal briquettes used as raw material for briquettes without carbonization is a minimum calorific value of 4,400 kcal/kg (adb), total sulfur maximum 1% (adb), and water content <12% (adb). The formation of coal deposits depends on the origin of the coal-forming materials (plants), the environment of deposition, and the geological conditions of the surrounding area, so that the coal deposits in each region will be different as well as in the amount nor the quality. Because the quantity and quality of coal in each area is different, to be eligible in the making of briquettes to do blending. In addition to the coal blending, it is also needs to be select mix the right materials in the making of coal briquettes and bio-coal briquettes. The formulation of the right mixture of material in the making of briquettes, can be briquettes produced of good quality and environmental friendly.
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Physicochemical properties of hydrothermally treated Mempawah peat fuel: influence of hydrophilicity index on carbon aromaticity, combustibility and particle size Anggoro Tri Mursito Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Physicochemical properties of hydrothermally treated Mempawah peat fuel: influence of hydrophilicity index on carbon aromaticity, combustibility and particle size Anggoro Tri Mursitoa, Tsuyoshi Hirajimab, and Lina Nur Listiyowatia (a) Research Centre for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI, Gd. 70 Bandung 40135, Indonesia (b) Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan Abstract Mempawah peat of West Kalimantan were selected as raw materials for studying the physicochemical properties of peat fuel products and their characteristic in the hydrothermal upgrading process at a temperature range of 150°C to 380°C at an average heating rate of 6.6oC/min for 30 minutes. The 13C NMR spectra revealed changes in the effect of temperature on carbon aromaticity of raw peat and peat fuel products and were in 0.39 to 0.63 as the temperature increased. Other phenomenon occurred during experiment was hydrophilicity index of peat fuel surface decreases of about 1.7 and 1.4 with increased of treatment temperature. We also found that hydrothermal upgrading also affected the combustion properties of peat fuel products. Ignition temperature of raw peat and solid products were at 175°C and between 188°C to 285°C respectively. Temperature at the maximum combustion rate of raw peat and solid products were at 460°C and between 477°C to 509°C suggesting to the increasing of reactivity of solid products respectively. Here, we discussed several phenomenon of the peat fuel product during hydrothermal process with respect to the change in the physicochemical properties as determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG–DTA) analyses, 13C NMR and also other supporting analytical equipments.
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Rock geochemistry relates to mineralization processes in geothermal areas A. K. Andrie, I. Sri, S. Iwan Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Increasing demand of electricity push the country to seek new energy sources, one of which is geothermal energy that is used to generate electricity. Consider the extent of our country, it is necessary to optimize geothermal exploration especially in areas not covered by volcanic belt, although the resulting potential is not as large as volcanic geothermal, but nonvolcanic geothermal can also be cultivated for further development. One way to know the geothermal potential is through geochemical investigation/ research. Geochemical methods that have been done so far are the geochemistry of water, soil and gas, where the final results to be achieved by this geochemical method is the map of temperature distribution, pH, Hg soil and soil air CO2, as well as an estimate of subsurface temperature based on geothermometry. Another geochemical method is rock geochemistry, this method is still rarely done in geothermal exploration. The purpose of geochemistry research in geothermal area of geothermal system is to give an idea of how the new mineral economy condition, to localize mineralized body, to know the target element and its spreading, indication of mineralization and source rock track, to give description of the surface character and the genesis of the geothermal system.
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Concept of geothermal exploration on Java Island based on geophysical data Eddy Z. Gaffar Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Indonesia has largest geotherma prospect l in the world (Poernomo 2015). Indonesias geothermal is concentrated in Java and Sumatera (Hochstein 2008, Mansoer 2015, Nasution, 2011). Geothermal on Sumatra island is generally controlled by Sumatera fault either the main fault or second or third order fault (Hermawan 2010, Gentana, 2017, Nukman 2014, Ganevianto 2015). The island of Java is part of a long volcanic arc about 3,700 km extending from the northern tip of Sumatra island through the island of Java to the east of Damar island (Hamilton, 1979). Geothermal in Java is still influenced by the subduction of oceanic plates from the south of Java island that forms the southern mountains extending from West Java to East Java. From a geophysical point of view there is still no clue or concept that accelerates the process of geothermal exploration. The concept is that geothermal is located around the volcano (referred to as the volcano as host) and is located around the fault (fault as host) (Purnomo 2014). There is another concept that is from remote sensing analysis that often shows circular feature ( Gaffar 2010). In a study conducted by LIPI, we proposed a new concept for geothermal exploration that is from gravity analysis which is from Bouguer anomaly data from Java Island which also show circular feature which is supposed to be ancient crater (Ismayanto 2007, 2015). Ancient crater mean not always identical to the volcanic crater as it exists today, but sometimes it is a hidden caldera. Therefore with this hypothesis, LIPI Geophysics team will try to prove whether this symptom can help accelerate the process of geothermal exploration on the island of Java. Keyword: Geothermal, geophysics, circular feature, Bouguer anomaly.
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Petrographic and major elements results as indicator of the geothermal potential of in Java S. Indarto, I. Setiawan, A. Kausar, H. Permana Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Geothermal manifestations existed in the West Java (Cilayu, Papandayan, Telagabodas, Karaha, G. Tampomas), Central Java (Slamet Mountain, Dieng) and East Java (G. Argopuro) show a difference in their mineral and geochemical compositions. The petrographic analysis of volcanic rocks from Garut (West Java) are basalt, andesite basaltic and andesite. However based on SiO2 vs K2O value of those the volcanic rocks have wide ranges of fractionated magma resulting basalt – basaltic andesite to dacitic in composition rather than those of G. Slamet, Dieng, and G. Argopuro areas which have a narrower range of fractionation magma resulting andesite basaltic and andesite in compositions. The volcanic rocks from Garut show tholeiitic affinity and calc-alkaline affinity. The geothermal potential of Java assumed to be related to the magma fractionation level. Geothermal potential of West Java (Garut) is higher than that of Central Java (Gn. Slamet, Dieng) and East Java (Argopuro).
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Geothermal and volcanism in the West Java I. Setiawan, S. Indarto, Sudarsono, A. Fauzi I, A. Yuliyanti, L. Lintjewas, A. Alkausar, Jakah Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Indonesian active volcanoes were known extending from Sumatra, Jawa, Bali, Lombok, Flores, North Sulawesi, and Halmahera. They are the host of 276 volcanoes with 29 GWe of geothermal resources. Considering a huge and a wide distribution of geothermal potential, research of geothermal as a particular importance to supply alternative energy need to be optimized. Geothermal activities which had been occurred along the island of Java are parallel with the subduction zone. The subduction of Indo-Australian oceanic plate beneath the Eurasian continental plate resulted in various volcanic activities with a various geochemical and mineralogical characteristics. The geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of volcanomagmatic with the existence of geothermal activities has not been deeply studied. More detailed study of geochemical, mineralogical and isotopes study are in particular importance to understand the occurrence of large geothermal fields in the West Java rather than the central and the east of Java. The result can provide a valuable finger prints into several aspects of not only the tectonic evolution but also the information on processes which are not evident on the surface.
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Toward challenging REE exploration in Indonesia I. Setiawan Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. Rare earth elements (REEs) are the seventeen elements, including fifteen from 57La to 71Lu, in addition to 21Sc and 39Y. In rock-forming minerals, rare earth elements typically occur in compounds as trivalent cations in carbonates, oxides, phosphates, and silicates. The REE occur in a wide range of rock types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. REE is one of the critical metals in the world. Their occurrences were important for supply the world needs on the high technology materials. Indonesia has a lot of potential source of REE that are mainly from residual tin mining processes in Bangka islands, they associated with radioactive minerals e.g. monazite and xenotime. However, the REE from monazite and xenotime are difficult to extract and high radioactivity. Granitoids are widely distributed at Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and Papua. They also have a very thick weathering crusts. Important REE-bearing minerals are allanite and titanite. Their low susceptibilities during weathering resulting an economically potential REE concentration. I-/A-type granitoids and their weathered crusts are important REE sources in Indonesia. Unfortunately, their distribution and genesis have not been deeply studied. Future REE explorations challenge are mainly of the granitoids their weathered crusts. Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of type of granitoids and their weathered crusts in Indonesia, and the hydrothermally altered rocks and provide clear REE regulation will help to discover REE deposits in Indonesia.
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Mobility of rare earth element in hydrothermal process and weathering products non volcanic geothermal areas in Indonesia Lediyantje Lintjewas, Iwan Setiawan Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia 40135
Abstract. The Rare Earth Element (REE) consists of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, are important elements to be used as raw materials of advanced technology such as semiconductors, magnets, and lasers. the research of REE in Indonesia has not been done. Several research were conducting on granitic rocks and weathering product such as Bangka, Sibolga, west kalimantan, west sulawesi and papua. REE can be formed by hydrothermal processes such as Bayan Obo, South China. The REE study on active hydrothermal system (geothermal) in this case also has the potential to produce mineral deposits. Mobility of REE in the hydrothermal process can change the distribution patterns and REE content such as Ce, Eu, La, Lu, Nd, Sm, and Y. The other process, associated with the weathering product on the host rock. Where rainwater is acidic will dissolve REE carrier minerals. High density minerals such as hematite, magnetite, monazite, xenotime will be left on the surface and experience residual enrichment. Whilst other minerals will be transported downward and form a enrichment zone, so that the REE will be concentrated in the zone.
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Characteristics, genesis of Rare Earth Element and occurrences in Indonesia A. D. Handoko Mining Technology Assessment, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl Cihaur No. 2 Desa Kertajaya, Sukabumi, Indonesia
Abstract. Rare Earth Element (REE) have unique properties and now used in many high-tech application. The demand of REE increased in recent years. Although REE concentration in crust bigger than gold, known economically viable deposit still rare. Reduction of REE exports by China cause increased prices of REE. Because of this occasion, exploration of potential REE mines emerged. This review discuss about characteristics and genesis of REE and its occurrences in Indonesia. The research aimed to give a better understanding of REE occurrences and exploration method.
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