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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
1
CONTEXT OF STUDY
1
1.1
Purpose of the study
1
1.2
Background of the study
1
1.3
Relevance of the topic
3
1.4
Relationship of the topic to the discipline
4
of Communication 1.5
Other research in the field
4
2
LITERATURE REVIEW
4
3
TYPE OF STUDY
6
4
FORMULATION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
7
4.1
Research problem
7
4.2
Research sub problems
7
4.3
Research questions
7
4.4
Research objectives
8
4.5
Theoretical approach
8
5
6
METHODOLOGY
9
5.1
Methodological orientation
9
5.2
Data collection method and techniques
11
5.2.1
Population
11
5.2.2
Time dimension
11
5.2.3 Sampling
11
5.2.4
12
Data collection and interpretation
ANTICIPATED FINDINGS
13
6.1
Anticipation of findings
13
6.2
Anticipated contribution of the study to the discipline of Communication
7
STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION
13
14
CHAPTER 2
2
THE GENRE OF REALITY TELEVISION
16
2.1
Introduction
16
2.2
The history of reality television
18
2.3
Defining reality television
20
2.4
The reality television audience
30
2.5
The future of reality television
33
2.6
Conclusion
34
CHAPTER 3
3
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
35
3.1
Introduction
35
3.2
Defining interactivity
37
3.3
Interactivity and technology
39
3.4
Television and the Internet: media and cultural convergence
45
3.5
Intertextuality: reality television as media event
47
3.6
Conclusion
55
PROJECT FAME
56
4.1
Introduction
56
4.2
The Project Fame concept
57
4.3
The Project Fame contestants
58
4.4
The Project Fame teachers
64
4.5
The Project Fame board
66
4.6
The Project Fame viewers’ experiences
67
4.7
Conclusion
70
CHAPTER 4
4
CHAPTER 5
5
AUDIENCE-CENTRED THEORIES
72
5.1
Introduction
72
5.2
Traditions of audience-centred theories
73
5.3
Defining the ‘audience’ in audience-centred theories
77
5.4
The uses and gratifications theory 5.4.1
5.5
78
5.4.2
Categories of needs gratification
86
5.4.3
Critique of the uses and gratifications theory
88
The cultural studies approach to reception theory
91
5.5.2
5.7
The origin and characteristics of the uses and gratifications theory
5.5.1
5.6
78
The origin and characteristics of reception theory
91
Critique of cultural studies
94
The uses and gratifications theory and cultural studies as active audience approaches
95
Conclusion
97
CHAPTER 6
6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
99
6.1 Introduction
99
6.2 Demarcation of the study field
100
6.3 Research objectives
101
6.4 Research problem
102
6.5 Research questions
103
6.6 Defining key concepts
103
6.7 Data collection: focus group interviews
104
6.8 Sampling
107
6.9 Pilot study
110
6.10 Composition of groups
111
6.11 Focus group interview setting
114
6.12 Preparation of focus group interview material
114
6.12.1 Pre-group questionnaire
114
6.12.2 Moderator’s guide
114
6.12.3 Role of the moderator
115
6.13 Conducting the focus group interviews
116
6.14 Transcribing the data
117
6.15 Reliability and validity
117
6.16 Unit of analysis
119
6.17 Data analysis
120
6. 18 Conclusion
123
CHAPTER 7
7
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
124
7.1 Introduction
124
7.2 Interactive participation
124
7.3 Cognitive needs
128
7.4 Affective needs
132
7.5 Personal integrative needs
138
7.6 Social integrative needs
142
7.7 Escapist needs
144
7.8 The audience and message interpretation
147
7.9 Reality television
151
7.10 Interactive technology
154
7.11 Research conclusions
156
7.12 Evaluation of theoretical framework
158
7.13 Suggestions for further research
161
ATTACHMENT A PRE-GROUP QUESTIONNAIRE
162
ATTACHMENT B MODERATOR’S GUIDE FOR FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEWS
166
ATTACHMENT C TRANSCRIPTIONS OF FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEWS
