UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE and MS1525

9/4/2013

UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE Bylaw 38A and MS1525:2014

Ir Ahmad Izdihar

MS 1525 2001; 2007 1st revision; (2013/2014 2nd revision)

CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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UBBL 2012 Amendment on Energy Efficiency 38A. Energy efficiency in buildings. 1. New or renovated non-residential buildings with airconditioned space exceeding 4,000 square metres shall be a) designed to meet the requirements of MS 1525 with regards to the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and the Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV); and b) provided with an Energy Management System.

UBBL 2012 Amendment on Energy Efficiency

2. The roof for all buildings (residential and non residential) shall not have a thermal transmittance (Uvalue) greater than a) 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50 kg/m2) weight roof; and b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy (above 50 kg/m2) weight roof, unless provided with other shading or cooling means.

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Introduction to MS 1525

MS 1525 2001; 2007 1st revision; (2013/2014 2nd revision)

CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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CONTENTS in MS1525 Clause 0 Introduction 1 Scope 2 Referenced Documents 3 Definitions 4 Architectural and passive design strategy 5 Building envelope 6 Lighting 7 Electric power and distribution 8 Air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation system 9 Energy management control system 10 Building Energy Simulation Method

MS 1525 MS 1525 primarily deals with building energy. The steps towards Energy Efficient buildings are: PASSIVE MEASURES

ACTIVE MEASURES

Clause 4 :

Clause 7

Architectural and Passive Design Strategy Clause 5 : Building Envelope

Clause 6 : Lighting

+

Power System and Distribution System Clause 8 Air Cond and Mech Ventilation System Clause 9 Energy Management Control System

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Introduction 1. Purpose of this Malaysian Standard is to: • encourage the design of new and existing buildings so that they may be constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that reduces the use of energy without straining the creativity, building function, nor the comfort or productivity of the occupants and with appropriate regard for cost consideration • encourage the application of renewable energy in new and existing buildings to minimise non-renewable energy sources, pollution and energy consumption whilst maintaining comfort, health and safety of the occupants.

Introduction cont’d 2. The standard sets out only the minimum standards. 3. Recommendations for renewable energy applications are classified under the following areas: a. maximising the availability of renewable energy resources such as solar heating, solar electricity, solar lighting and solar assisted technologies; b. optimising passive cooling strategies; c. optimising environmental cooling through natural means such as vegetation, site planning, landscaping and shading; and d. maximising passive solar design.

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Introduction cont’d 4. The requirements for energy efficiency are classified under the following areas: a. designing an efficient lighting system b. minimising losses in electrical power distribution equipment c. designing an efficient air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation system; and d. designing a good energy management system

Scope This code of practice gives guidance on the effective use of energy including the application of renewable energy in new and existing nonresidential buildings. Buildings or portions thereof whose peak design rate of electrical energy usage is less than 10 W/m2 (installed) of gross floor area for all purposes are excluded from this Standard.

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4. Architectural and passive design strategy 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

Sustainable design approach Passive design strategy Site planning and orientation Daylighting Façade Design Natural Ventilation Daylighting &Ventilation from Windows Strategic Landscaping Future considerations for sustainable design

5. Building Envelope 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9

General Requirements Concept of OTTV Shading Coefficient Daylighting Roofs Roofs with Skylights Daylight Credit Submission Procedure Air Leakage

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CONCEPT OF OTTV MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2 A design criterion for building envelope known as the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) has been adopted. The OTTV aims at achieving the design of building envelope to reduce heat gain through the building envelope and hence reduce the cooling load of the air-conditioning system. The OTTV…should not exceed 50 W / m2

CONCEPT OF OTTV MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.1 The OTTV of building envelope is given by the formula:

A OTTV=

o1

x OTTV + A 1

o2

2

on

x OTTV

n

A + A ...... + A o1

where

x OTTV ...... + A o2

on

A1 is the gross exterior wall area for orientation 1; OTTV1 is the OTTV value for orientation 1; and OTTV for the whole building < 50 W/m2

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CONCEPT OF OTTV MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.2

The formula for the OTTV of any given wall orientation is as follows:

OTTVi = 15 α (1 − WWR)Uw + 6 (WWR)Uf + (194 x CF x WWR x SC)

MS1525:2007 Table 5

If R1 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio. If R1 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1. If R1 is > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R1 between 1.30 and 2.00

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MS1525:2007 Table 61

If R2 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio. If R2 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1. If R2 > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R2 is between 1.30 and 2.00.

Eggcrate Shading Devices MS1525:2007 Table 7

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ROOF U-VALUE MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5 The calculation of OTTV does not include the roof plane, but the thermal transmittance (Roof U-value) of the roof construction is important. U-values are worked out from the Thermal Resistance of the respective materials making up the Roof, similar to that for Walls. ie, U = 1 / Rtotal The higher the R, the lower the U, the better.

MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5.1 Table 9. Maximum U-value for roof (W/m²K)

Roof Weight Group

Maximum U-Value (W/m²K)

Light (Under 50 kg/m²)

0.4

Heavy (Above 50 kg/m²)

0.6

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6. Lighting 6.1 Applications excluded 6.2 General principles of efficient lighting practice 6.3 Maximum allowable power for illumination systems 6.4 Exterior building lighting power requirements 6.5 Lighting Controls 6.6 Operation and maintenance (O&M) manual and as built drawings

6. Lighting cont’d 6.1 Applications excluded from this clause include: a. outdoor activities such as manufacturing, storage, commercial greenhouse and processing facilities; b. lighting power for theatrical productions, television broadcasting, audio-visual resentations and those portions of entertainment facilities such as stage areas in hotel ballrooms, night-clubs, discos and casinos where lighting is an essential technical element for the function performed; c. specialised luminaires for medical and dental purposes; d. outdoor recreational facilities;

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6. Lighting cont’d a. display lighting required for art exhibition or display in galleries, museums and monuments; b. exterior lighting for public monuments; c. special lighting needs for research laboratories; d. lighting to be used solely for lighting indoor and outdoor plant growth during the hours of 10.00 pm and 6.00 am; e. emergency lighting that is automatically ‘off’ during normal operations; f. high risk security areas identified by local ordinances or regulations or by security or safety personnel requiring additional lighting; g. lighting for signs; and h. store-front display windows in retail facilities.

Table 13: Recommended average illuminance levels Task Lighting for infrequently used areas

Illuminanc e (Lux) 20

Examples of Applications

100

Minimum service illuminance Interior walkway and carpark Hotel bedroom

100

Lift interior

100 150

Corridor, passageway, stair Escalator, travellator

100

Entrance & exit

50

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Table 13: Recommended average illuminance levels cont’d Task Lighting for working interiors

Illuminance (Lux)

Examples of Applications

200

Infrequent reading and writing

300 - 400

General office, shop & store, reading & writing

300 - 400

Drawing office

150

Restroom

200

Restaurant, canteen, café

150 - 300

Kitchen

150

Lounge

Table 14: Unit lighting power (incl. ballast loss) allowance Type of Usage

Max lighting power W/m2

Restaurant Office Classroom/Lecture Theatre Auditorium/Concert Hall

15 15 15 15

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Lobby/Atrium/Concourse Supermarket/Dept Store/Shop Store/Warehouse/Lavatory Stair/Corridor/Carpark

15 20 25 10 10

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6. Lighting cont’d 6.5

Lighting controls

The minimum number of lighting control for daylight energy savings scheme shall take into consideration the following criteria: a) all spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions shall be provided with at least one operated-on-off lighting control for each room; b) one switch is provided for each task or group of tasks within an area of 30 m2 or less; c) the total number of switches shall be at least one switch for each 1 kW of connected load; and d) lighting zoned control for energy savings.

6. Lighting cont’d • Hotel and motel guest rooms shall have a master switch which automatically turns off all lighting, power outlets and reduce operating air-conditioning loads except for essential loads. • Exterior lighting not intended for 24 hour continuous use shall be automatically switched by timer and/or photocell. • Local manual controls or automatic controls such as photoelectric switches or automatic dimmers shall be provided in day lighted space. Controls should be provided so as to operate rows of light parallel to the facade/ exterior wall.

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7. Electrical Power & Distribution 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

Alternative Current (A.C.) Electric motors Cabling Transformers Inverters Power factor correction capacitors

Table 15: Class definition for 4-pole motors Motor Capacity (kW)

Motor Efficiency Motor Class EFF2


1.1 1.5 2.2 3 4

≥ 76.2 ≥ 78.5 ≥ 81.0 ≥ 82.6 ≥ 84.2

≥ 83.8 ≥ 85.0 ≥ 86.4 ≥ 87.4 ≥ 88.3

5.5 7.5 11 15

≥ 85.7 ≥ 87.0 ≥ 88.4 ≥ 89.4

≥ 89.2 ≥ 90.1 ≥ 91.0 ≥ 91.8

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Table 15: Class definition for 4-pole motors contd Motor Capacity Motor Efficiency (kW) Motor Class EFF2


18.5 22

≥ 90.0 ≥ 90.5

≥ 92.2 ≥ 92.6

30 37 45 55

≥ 91.4 ≥ 92.0 ≥ 92.5 ≥ 93.0

≥ 93.2 ≥ 93.6 ≥ 93.9 ≥ 94.2

75 90

≥ 93.6 ≥ 93.9

≥ 94.7 ≥ 95.0

Table 17: Location of Distribution Transformers

Load fed by Transformer > 600 A

Distance of Transformer from Load Centre Not more than 20 m

300 A to 600 A

Not more than 100 m

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7. Electrical Power & Distribution

cont’d

7.5 Power factor correction capacitors Power factor correction capacitors should be the low loss type with losses per kVAR not exceeding 0.35 W at upper temperature limit excluding the losses in the discharge resistors. 7.6 Sub Metering To facilitate monitoring of energy consumption and energy management, electrical energy meters should be installed at strategic load centres to identify consumption by functional use (air conditioning, lighting, etc).

8. Air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system 8.1 Load calculations 8.2 System and equipment sizing 8.3 Separate air distribution systems 8.4 Controls 8.5 Piping insulation 8.6 Air handling duct system insulation 8.7 Duct construction 8.8 Balancing

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8. Air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12

ACMV systems ACMV system equipment ACMV system components ACMV system equipment/component – heat operated (absorption), cooling mode 8.13 System testing and commissioning 8.14 Operation and maintenance (O&M) manual and as-built drawings 8.15 Preventive maintenance

8.1.2 Indoor design conditions Recommended: Design dry bulb temperature Minimum dry bulb temperature Design relative humidity Air movement m/s Maximum air movement

23 ºC – 26 °C 22 °C 55 % – 70 % 0.15 – 0.50 0.7 m/s

8.1.3 Outdoor design conditions Recommended outdoor design conditions: Dry bulb temperature 33.3 °C Wet bulb temperature 27.2 °C.

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8.1.4 Ventilation Outdoor air-ventilation rates shall comply with Third Schedule (By Law 41) Article 12(1) of Uniform Building By Laws, 1984. Exception: Outdoor air quantities may exceed those shown, if required because of special occupancy or process requirements or source control of air contamination or Indoor Air Quality consideration.

8.2 System and equipment sizing Air conditioning systems and equipment shall be sized to provide no more than the space and system loads calculated, consistent with available equipment capacity. Redundancy in capacity of equipment, if incorporated into the sizing of the duty equipment, shall include efficiency devices such as variable speed drive, high efficiency motor, efficient unloading devices, multi compressors etc so as not to diminish the equipment/system efficiency when operating at varying loads.

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8.2 System and equipment sizing cont’d Where chillers are used and when the design load is greater than 1000 kWr, a minimum of either two chillers or a single multi-compressor chiller should be provided to meet the required load. Multiple units of the same equipment type, such as multiple chillers, with combined capacities exceeding the design load may be specified to operate concurrently only if controls are provided which sequence or otherwise optimally control the operation of each unit based on the required cooling load. Individual air cooled or water cooled direct expansion (DX) units greater than 35 kWr (reciprocating compressor) or 65 kWr (scroll compressor) shall consist of either multi compressors or single compressor with step/variable unloaders.

8.3 Separate air distribution system Zones which are expected to operate nonsimultaneously for more than 750 hours per year shall be served by separate air distribution systems. For air conditioned space requiring exhaust air volume in excess of 3400 m3/h, not less than 85 % of non conditioned make up air should be introduced directly into the space concerned unless the exhausted conditioned air is utilised for secondary cooling purposes. Alternatively, heat recovery devices shall be provided.

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8.4 Controls Temperature control Each system shall be provided with at least one thermostat for the regulation of temperature. Each thermostat shall be capable of being set by adjustment or selection of sensors over a minimum range of between 22 °C to 27 °C. Multi-stage thermostat shall be provided for equipment exceeding 35/65 kWr in conjunction with 8.2.4.

Humidity control In a system requiring moisture removal to maintain specific selected relative humidity in spaces or zones, no new source of energy (such as electric reheat) shall be used to produce a space relative humidity below 55 % for comfort cooling purposes.

8.4 Controls cont’d Energy Recovery It is recommended that consideration be given to the use of recovery systems which will conserve energy (provided the amount expended is less than the amount recovered) when the energy transfer potential and the operating hours are considered. Recovered energy in excess of the new source of energy expended in the recovery process may be used for control of temperature and humidity. Examples include the use of condenser water for reheat, desuperheater heat reclaim, heat recovery wheel, heat pipe or any other energy recovery technology.

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8.4 Controls cont’d Mechanical ventilation control Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) shall be equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction when ventilation is not required. Examples of such devices would include timer switch control, thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/CO2 sensor control.

Fan System Efficiency For fan system with air flowrate exceeding 17000 m3/h and operating for more than 750 hours a year, the power required by the motor for the entire fan system at design conditions should not exceed 0.45 W per m3/h of air flowrate.

8.8 Balancing The system design shall provide means for balancing the air and water system such as but not limited to dampers, temperature and pressure test connections and balancing valves.

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8.10 ACMV system equipment cont’d Table 19. Unitary air conditioners, electrically driven: Equipment

Size

Sub-category

Min. COP

Air cooled with condenser

<19kWr

Split system single package

2.7 COP 2.7 COP

≥ 19kWr <35kWr


2.6 COP

≥ 35kWr


2.5 COP

Water and <19kWr evaporatively ≥ 19kWr cooled <35kWr


3.0 COP


3.5 COP

≥ 35kWr


3.6 COP

Shop Office

Budget Hotel

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VRS Restaurant

Table 21: Water chilling packages, electrically driven: Equipment

Size

Min COP or IPLV

Air-cooled With condenser

<105kWr (30RT)

2.6 COP(1.36kWe/RT) or 2.8 IPLV

≥ 105kWr <530kWr


≥ 530kWr (150RT) <1060kWr (300RT)


≥ 1060kWr


Water-cooled Recip or scroll

All capacities


Water-cooled Rotary

<530kWr (150RT)

4.0 COP or 4.2 IPLV

≥ 530 < 1060kWr


≥ 1060kWr


<1060kWr


≥ 1060kWr


Water-cooled Centrifugal

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Water-cooled chiller Air-cooled chiller

9. Energy Management Control System 9.1 Energy Management System (EMS) 9.2 Control of equipment 9.3 Monitoring of equipment 9.4 Integration of equipment subsystems 9.5 Energy consuming areas 9.6 Application of EMS to the ACMV system 9.7 Application of EMS to the lighting system 9.8 Application of EMS to Energy Audit 9.9 Characteristics of EMS

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9.1 Energy Management System (EMS) The Energy Management System (EMS) is a subset of the Building Automation System function. It should be considered for buildings having area greater than 4000 m2 of airconditioned space. Generally, the Building Automation System has three functions: a) control of equipment; b) monitoring of equipment; and c) integration of equipment sub-systems.

BAS

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9.2 Control of equipment The purpose of the control of equipment is to save energy. This is performed by the EMS function of the Building Automation System.

9.3 Monitoring of equipment The purpose of monitoring the equipment is to improve the efficiency of operations personnel by: a) providing centralised information of current equipment conditions; b) providing historical information of equipment conditions; c) providing a “management by exception” function to alert the operator of any abnormal equipment conditions; and d) providing analysis tools to aid in the study of equipment operations.

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9.5 Energy consuming areas Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system This system is typically the largest energy consumer in the building and has the largest savings potential Lighting system The lighting system is typically the second largest energy consumer in the building Others Any other large energy consuming equipment such as water pump sets, electric heaters and others should be included under the EMS programme. However, it is typically not appropriate to apply an EMS to control other equipment, such as computers etc.

BAS

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BAS

Peak Demand PE AK DE MAND (kW) 800 700 600 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

500 400 300 200 100 0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP SEP

OCT OCT

NOV NOV

DEC DEC

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10.0 Building Energy Simulation Method The building energy simulation method is an alternative to the OTTV & RTTV This section requires a building energy simulation of 2 buildings. The first building as per design, called the design building. The second building is a fictional base case building called the base building. The base building shall be as functional as the design building and shall share the all the same characteristic of the design building with the exception to the following: a) building form; b) building envelope; and c) daylighting & lighting control.

Thank You

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UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE and MS1525

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