Solid State Physics (Major, 8 ECTS)
1 physicist over 3 in US declares to be a condensed matter physicist (CMP) CMP: solids, amorphous materials, liquids, soft materials … 20 CMP physics Nobel prizes + 5 in chemistry This course ⊕ Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale ⊕ … = Solid State Physics
P. Mendels
M. Civelli
A. Barthélémy
SSP: some milestones, electronic properties Transistor: electronic devices, nano-devices
SSP: some milestones, electronic properties Superconductivity → SQUID, MRI, levitation
SSP: some milestones, Les supraconducteurs electronic properties
Step 1: periodic structures
Polonium
CuO2 plane
Step 2: From individual atoms to CMP… Solide
Energy bands…
Atome
Hamiltonian: let’s model!
Exploring the k space: e- ↔ plane wave (k) hv θ
e-
φ Crystal
Graphene
2010
Transport properties
e-
Summary Course prerequisites and corequisites: Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics. Book : Quantum Mechanics by C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Diu, F. Laloë (vol. I and II), Ed Wiley Fundamentals of Statistical Physics. Book : Statistical Mechanics by K. Huang, Ed Wiley. Concepts of Statistical Physics needed for this course can be easily learnt in parallel.
Philippe Mendels
Fabrice Bert
Contents: I Basic model of metals : the free electron gas I-5 Scanning tunneling microscope I-6 Quantization of levels in a magnetic field: quantum oscillations II Crystalline Solids II-1 Structures: crystal lattice and primitive unit cell II-4 Diffraction in practice: lab. X-rays, synchrotron and neutron facilities, electronic microscopy: from formulas to hands on experiments II-5 Beyond crystals: introduction to amorphous solids and soft matter III- Electronic structure of solids IV- Dynamics of electrons V- Electrons at the nanoscale V-1 Coulomb blockade V-2 Band tailoring: heterostructures VI- Semiconductors VI-1 General introduction: Silicium, Germanium, III-V and II-VI families VI-5 Towards applications: diode , LED, solar cells, …
Magnetism Philippe Mendels
Fabrice Bert
Agnès Barthélémy
From individual spins to magnets
Giant magnetoresistance
2007
(Orsay, 1988, système Fe/Cr)
~ + 80%
V I
Magnetism
Basics in magnetism : from atomic magnetism to collective magnetism Macroscopic properties : domains, walls, magnets Spintronics, magnetic recording
M2 openings Fundamental concepts in physics: condensed matter physics quantum physics Nanoscience : nanophysics nanodevices
PHY564B Nanomaterials and electronic applications (Minor, 4ECTS) This module introduces recent developments in the field of silicon- and carbon-based semiconducting nanomaterials, as well as their principal electronic applications. The following subjects are addressed: • Disordered semiconductors: amorphous, nano- and polycrystalline silicon • Silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene: structure and synthesis • Characterization techniques for nanomaterials: near-field spectroscopies, etc. • Electronic applications: photovoltaics, flat panel displays, transistors, sensors, etc. Requirements : Fundamentals of quantum and statistical physics
Si nanowires
graphene structure contact:
[email protected]
nanowire transistor
Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale (Minor, 6 ECTS) P. Simon & M. Ferrier 1st part : Quantum information and quantum computing -1 Quantum systems with a small number of degrees of freedom Spins in a magnetic field
- A qubit, contrary to a bit is
continuous valued, describable by a direction on the Bloch sphere
NMR
quantum superposition of states
-2 Quantum communication and quantum computing - EPR paradox and Bell inequalities
- Quantum teleportation
- qubits, computing and decoherence
Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale (Minor, 6 ECTS) 1st part : Superconductivity, superfluids and condensate -1 Bose-Einstein Condensation and superfluidity
Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Rb gas observed in Boulder by Cornell &Wiemann
Fountain effect: consequence of the superfluidity of Helium-4
-2 Superconductivity : macroscopic aspects, microscopic theory, and thermodynamics
So# Condensed Ma,er
Whar is so# ma,er
20
Whar is so# ma,er
SM Scale 20
A lot of stuff we are familiar with…
Microscopic Descrip=on
Macroscopic Descrip=on
Microscopic Descrip=on
Sta=s=cal Mechanics
Macroscopic Descrip=on
Microscopic Descrip=on
Sta=s=cal Mechanics
Macroscopic Descrip=on
Lucasian Chair of Mathema=cs
Isaac Newton 1669 33 Years Mathema=cs And Physics
Paul Dirac 1932 37 Years Physics
Stephen Hawking 1979 30 Years Physics
New Lucasian Chair of Mathema=cs Mike Cates 2015 Sta=s=cal Mechanics and So# Condensed Ma,er “The field of so# ma,er is highly interdisciplinary, bringing together methods from areas such as elas=city, fluid mechanics, sta=s=cal mechanics, and computa=onal science. In recent years it has expanded to address many problems in biology, including the proper=es of cellular cytoskeletons and collec=ve behaviour of mo=le cells”
This so# ma,er! FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE Theory
Experiment
Computer simula.on
APPLICATIONS
