SVC AND DSTATCOM COMPARISON FOR VOLTAGE

Download of SVC (Static VAR Compensator) and DSTATCOM (Distribution. Static Synchronous Compensator) to improve voltage stability in. Radial Distrib...

0 downloads 521 Views 209KB Size
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015

69&DQG'67$7&20&RPSDULVRQIRU9ROWDJH ,PSURYHPHQWLQ5'68VLQJ$1),6 85DPHVK%DEX99LMD\D.XPDU5HGG\67DUD.DO\DQL 

RSWLPL]DWLRQ >@ >@ JHQHWLF DOJRULWKP >@ DQG GLIIHUHQWLDO HYROXWLRQ >@ 6LQFH  DUWLILFLDO QHXUDO QHWZRUNV $11  PHWKRGRORJ\ KDV FDSWXUHG WKH LQWHUHVW LQ D ODUJHQXPEHURIDSSOLFDWLRQVLQHOHFWULFDOSRZHUHQJLQHHULQJ $Q $GDSWLYH 1HXUR)X]]\ ,QIHUHQFH 6\VWHP $1),6  FRPELQHV WKH IX]]\ TXDOLWDWLYH DSSURDFK ZLWK WKH DGDSWLYH FDSDELOLWLHV RI QHXUDO QHWZRUNV WR DFKLHYH LPSURYHG SHUIRUPDQFH >@ >@ &RPSDUHG WR D VWDQGDUG IX]]\ ORJLF FRQWUROOHU D FRQWURO V\VWHP EDVHG RQ WKLV FRQFHSW FDQ EH WUDLQHGZLWKRXWVLJQLILFDQWH[SHUWNQRZOHGJH

International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004343

Abstract²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

 Keywords²69&'67$7&20YROWDJHLPSURYHPHQW$1),6

21

,,6<67(002'(/ A. The Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor 7KH7&5SURYLGHVFRQWLQXRXVO\FRQWUROODEOHUHDFWLYHSRZHU RQO\LQWKHODJJLQJSRZHUIDFWRUUDQJH7RH[WHQGWKHG\QDPLF FRQWUROODEOHUDQJHWRWKHOHDGLQJSRZHUIDFWRUGRPDLQD¿[HG FDSDFLWRUEDQNLVFRQQHFWHGLQVKXQWZLWKWKH7&57KH7&5 09$ LV UDWHG ODUJHU WKDQ WKH ¿[HG FDSDFLWRU WR FRPSHQVDWH FDQFHO  WKH FDSDFLWLYH 09$ DQG SURYLGH QHW LQGXFWLYH UHDFWLYH SRZHU VKRXOG D ODJJLQJ SRZHUIDFWRU RSHUDWLRQ EH GHVLUHG7KH¿[HGFDSDFLWRUEDQNVXVXDOO\FRQQHFWHGLQDVWDU FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ DUH VSOLW LQWR PRUH WKDQ RQH SKDVH JURXS (DFK FDSDFLWRU FRQWDLQV D VPDOO WXQLQJ LQGXFWRU WKDW LV FRQQHFWHGLQVHULHVDQGWXQHVWKHEUDQFKWRDFWDVD¿OWHUIRUD VSHFL¿F KDUPRQLF RUGHU )RU LQVWDQFH RQH FDSDFLWRU JURXS LV WXQHGWRWKHWKKDUPRQLFDQGDQRWKHUWRWKHWKZKHUHDV\HW DQRWKHULVGHVLJQHGWRDFWDVDKLJKSDVV¿OWHU$WIXQGDPHQWDO IUHTXHQF\ WKH WXQLQJ UHDFWRUV VOLJKWO\ UHGXFH WKH QHW 09$ UDWLQJ RI WKH ¿[HG FDSDFLWRUV $Q )&±7&5 FRPSHQVDWRU LV VKRZQLQ)LJ

, ,1752'8&7,21

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







)LJ6WDWLF9$5FRPSHQVDWRU

8 5DPHVK %DEX LV ZLWK WKH (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW 1HGXUDPDOOL%DODNULVKQD5HGG\,QVWLWXWHRI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\$QGKUD 3UDGHVK,QGLD SKRQHHPDLOXUDPHVK#JPDLOFRP  9 9LMD\D .XPDU 5HGG\ LV ZLWK WKH 1HGXUDPDOOL %DODNULVKQD 5HGG\ ,QVWLWXWHRI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\$QGKUD3UDGHVK,QGLD 6 7DUD .DO\DQL LV ZLWK WKH (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW -178+ 7HODQJDQD,QGLD

B. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator $ '67$7&20 LV D FRQWUROOHG UHDFWLYHSRZHU VRXUFH ,W SURYLGHVWKHGHVLUHGUHDFWLYHSRZHUJHQHUDWLRQDQGDEVRUSWLRQ HQWLUHO\E\PHDQVRIHOHFWURQLFSURFHVVLQJRIWKHYROWDJHDQG 

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015

1019

scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10004343

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015

FXUUHQW ZDYHIRUPV LQ D YROWDJHVRXUFH FRQYHUWHU 96&  $ VLQJOHOLQH '67$7&20 SRZHU FLUFXLW LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  ZKHUH D 96& LV FRQQHFWHG WR D XWLOLW\ EXV WKURXJK PDJQHWLF FRXSOLQJ '67$7&20 LV VHHQ DV DQ DGMXVWDEOH YROWDJH VRXUFHEHKLQGDUHDFWDQFH²PHDQLQJWKDWFDSDFLWRUEDQNVDQG VKXQW UHDFWRUV DUH QRW QHHGHG IRU UHDFWLYHSRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ DQG DEVRUSWLRQ WKHUHE\ JLYLQJ D '67$7&20 D FRPSDFW GHVLJQ RU VPDOO IRRWSULQW DV ZHOO DV ORZ QRLVH DQG ORZ PDJQHWLFLPSDFW7KHH[FKDQJHRIUHDFWLYHSRZHUEHWZHHQWKH FRQYHUWHUDQGWKHDFV\VWHPFDQEHFRQWUROOHGE\YDU\LQJWKH DPSOLWXGHRIWKHSKDVHRXWSXWYROWDJH>@

,Q 69& &RPSOH[ SRZHU LV WDNHQ IURP SRZHU PHDVXULQJ EORFNLQZKLFKSRZHUIDFWRUDQJOHLVWDNHQDVLQSXWRIIX]]\ FRQWUROOHU $FFRUGLQJ WR SRZHU IDFWRU DQJOH FRQWURO RXWSXW ILULQJ DQJOH  LV SURYLGHG E\ $1),6 FRQWUROOHU ,QSXW WKH 3RZHU IDFWRU DQJOH  KDV  PHPEHUVKLS IXQFWLRQV DQG WKH 2XWSXW WKHILULQJDQJOH KDVIXQFWLRQV)LJVKRZV$1),6 LQSXWRXWSXWSORWIRU69& 

International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004343



 )LJ'67$7&20FRQWUROFLUFXLW 

 )LJ6LQJOHOLQHGLDJUDPRI'67$7&20

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

 )LJ1HXUR)X]]\&RQWUROOHULQ'&9ROWDJHUHJXODWRU 

 )LJ'67$7&20$1),6LQSXWRXWSXWGLDJUDP 



International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015

1020

scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10004343

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015

 )LJ69&$1),6LQSXWRXWSXWGLDJUDP

,9 7(676<67(0

International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004343

 )LJ5HDODQG5HDFWLYH3RZHUZLWKRXWFRQWUROOHU 

 )LJ6LQJOHOLQHGLDJUDPRI,(((EXV5'6 

$ '67$7&20 DQG69&VDUH XVHG WR UHJXODWHYROWDJHRQ .9GLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUN7ZRIHHGHUVIWDQGIW WUDQVPLWSRZHUWRORDGVDVVKRZQLQ)LJ>@'67$7&20 DQG69&DUHVHSDUDWHO\WHVWHGIRUYROWDJHVWDELOLW\DQGORDGLQJ FDSDFLW\ ZLWK $1),6 7KH FRPSDULVRQV RI ORDG YROWDJH FXUUHQW 7+' DQG ORDG SRZHU IRU GLIIHUHQW FRQWUROOHUV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJV  DQG 7DEOH , 69&$1),6 VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJV  '67$7&20±3, VLPXODWHG UHVXOWV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJV  DQG '67$7&20$1),6 UHVXOWVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJV

 )LJ7RWDO+DUPRQLF'LVWRUWLRQ 7+' 

A. SVC



 )LJ/RDGYROWDJH69&$1),6 

 )LJ3HU8QLWYROWDJHVDWEXV  7$%/(, $&7,9($1'5($&7,9(32:(52)69&$1''67$7&20      ( ( ( ( 3 ( ( ( ( 4  1RFRQWUROOHU 69&$1),6 '67$7&203, '67$7&20 $1),6



 

)LJ5HDODQGUHDFWLYH3RZHUV 



International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015

1021

scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10004343

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015

C.DSTATCOM –ANFIS

International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004343





)LJ/RDGFXUUHQW

)LJ/RDGYROWDJH'67$7&20$1),6 

B. DSTATCOM PI



 )LJ5HDODQG5HDFWLYH3RZHUV 

)LJ/RDGYROWDJH 

 

)LJ/RDGFXUUHQW

)LJ5HDODQG5HDFWLYH3RZHUV 

9&21&/86,21 7KH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOW VKRZV WKDW WKH YROWDJH VDJV FDQ EH PLWLJDWHG E\ LQVHUWLQJ '67$7&20 DQG 69& LQ WKH  EXV GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP $OVR LW LV IRXQG WKDW WKHVH FRQWUROOHUV VLJQLILFDQWO\LQFUHDVHWKHPDUJLQRIORDGLQWKHSRZHUV\VWHPV IURP 0: WR 0: 7KXV LW FDQ EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW E\DGGLQJ'67$7&20ZLWK$1),6KDVDVXSHULRUFDSDELOLW\ LQ SRZHU TXDOLW\ LPSURYHPHQW ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR '67$7&203,DQG69&$1),6FRQWUROOHUV 5()(5(1&(6

)LJ/RDGFXUUHQW

>@ $ 6 3DEOD (OHFWULF SRZHU 'LVWULEXWLRQ 70+ 3ULYDWH /LPLWHG 6L[WK (GLWLRQ





International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015

1022

scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10004343

International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004343

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015

>@ ,((( 6WDQGDUGV %RDUG   ³,((( 6WG ´ ,((( UHFRPPHQGHGSUDFWLFHIRUPRQLWRULQJHOHFWULF3RZHUTXDOLW\,(((,QF 1HZ@ %ROOHQ 0 ³8QGHUVWDQGLQJ SRZHU TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV 9ROWDJH VDJV DQG LQWHUUXSWLRQV³3LVFDWDZD\1-,(((3UHVVQGHGLWLRQ >@ 3LUMR +HLQH DQG 0DWWL /HKWRQRQ ³9ROWDJH VDJ GLVWULEXWLRQV FDXVHG E\ SRZHU V\VWHP IDXOWV´ ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ 3RZHU 6\VWHPV 9RO  1RSS1RYHPEHU >@ ,((( 6WG  3RZHULQJ DQG *URXQGLQJ 6HQVLWLYH (OHFWURQLF (TXLSPHQW >@ $EL6DPUD 6RKQ *XUODVNLH 0DOFROP DQG 6XQGDUDP “Analysis of Voltage Sags on Distribution Sysfems-Part 1´ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH ´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 3RZHU 4XDOLW\ 6ROXWLRQV$OWHUQDWLYH (QHUJ\6HSWHPEHU >@ 8 5DPHVK %DEX 9 9LMD\ .XPDU 5HGG\ 6 7DUD .DO\DQL ³6KXQW &DSDFLWRU 3RVLWLRQ DQG 6L]H 6HOHFWLRQ IRU 5DGLDO 'LVWULEXWLRQ 6\VWHP XVLQJ *$´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI (QJLQHHULQJ DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ 9ROXPH1R$XJXVW >@ *KRVK DQG * /HGZLFK ³3RZHU TXDOLW\ HQKDQFHPHQW XVLQJ FXVWRP SRZHUGHYLFHV´.OXZHU$FDGHPLF3XEOLVKHU/RQGRQ >@ / *\XJ\L ³5HDFWLYH SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ DQG FRQWURO E\ WK\ULVWRU FLUFXLWV´,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ,QGXVWU\DSSOLFDWLRQV9RO,$1R SS6HSW2FW >@ < + 6RQJ DQG $7 -RKQV ³)OH[LEOH $& 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 6\VWHPV )$&7V ´,((3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6HULHV/RQGRQ8. >@ 5 $UQROG ³6ROXWLRQV WR WKH 3RZHU TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV´ 3RZHU (QJLQHHULQJ-RXUQDO9RO1RSS$SULO >@ .5 3DGL\DU )$&76 &RQWUROOHUV LQ 3RZHU 7UDQVPLVVLRQ DQG 'LVWULEXWLRQ1HZ$JH,QWHUQDWLRQDO3XEOLVKHUV >@ 85DPHVK%DEX 99LMD\NXPDU5HGG\67DUD .DO\DQL³'HVLJQDQG VLPXODWLRQ RI *HQHWLF $OJRULWKP IRU '67$7&20´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ (OHFWULFDO (OHFWURQLFV 6LJQDOV &RPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG 2SWLPL]DWLRQ ((6&2 ±,QGLD >@ 63DQGDDQG133DGK\³&RPSDULVRQRISDUWLFOHVZDUPRSWLPL]DWLRQ DQG JHQHWLF DOJRULWKP IRU )$&76EDVHG FRQWUROOHU GHVLJQ´ Appl. Soft Comput.YROQRSS >@ 6 3DQGD 1 3 3DGK\ DQG 5 1 3DWHO ³3RZHU V\VWHP VWDELOLW\ LPSURYHPHQW E\ 362 RSWLPL]HG 666&EDVHG GDPSLQJ FRQWUROOHU´ Electr. Power Comp. Syst.YROQRSS >@ 0 $ $ELGR ³$QDO\VLV DQG DVVHVVPHQW RI 67$7&20EDVHG GDPSLQJ VWDELOL]HUVIRUSRZHUV\VWHPVWDELOLW\HQKDQFHPHQW´Electr. Power Syst. ResearchYROQRSS)HE >@ 6 3DQGD ³'LIIHUHQWLDO HYROXWLRQDU\ DOJRULWKP IRU 7&6&EDVHG FRQWUROOHU GHVLJQ´ Simulat. Model. Pract. Theory YRO  QR  SS >@ - 6KLQJ 5 -DQJ $1),6 DGDSWLYH QHWZRUNEDVHG IX]]\ LQIHUHQFH V\VWHP,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ6\VWHP0DQDQG&\EHUQHWLFV9RO    SS >@ 5DYL 6HJDOD $YGKHVK 6KDUPD 0/ .RWKDUL ³$ VHOIWXQLQJ SRZHU V\VWHP VWDELOL]HU EDVHG RQ DUWLILFLDO QHXUDO QHWZRUN´ (OHFWULFDO 3RZHU DQG(QHUJ\6\VWHPV   >@ 50RKDQ0DWKXU5DMLY.9DUPD³7K\ULVWRUEDVHG)$&76FRQWUROOHUV IRU (OHFWULFDO 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 6\VWHPV´ D -RKQ :LOH\  6RQV ,QF SXEOLFDWLRQ >@ ,((( 'LVWULEXWLRQ )HHGHU 7HVW 5HVXOW ,((( 'LVWULEXWLRQ 6\VWHP $QDO\VLV6XEFRPPLWWHH



International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(8) 2015

1023

scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10004343