`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å Telugu Alphabet
Telugu Learning Kit Workbook for Module 1
C P Brown Academy The Alpha Foundation Hyderabad
Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1 Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu Managing Editor: GRK Murty Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao Editorial Support: C Rama Devi, Y Anand T Rajendra Prasad Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu Visualizer: S Ganesh Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu @ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved. Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or sellers. Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to civil and criminal prosecution. First Edition: 2008 Printed in India Published by
C P Brown Academy 8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta Hyderabad - 500 082, India. Website: www.alphacharities.org Printed at: M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd. 1, Technocrat Industrial Estate Balanagar Cross Roads Hyderabad-500 037, India.
Foreword -
The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu . speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels, consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu. . The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics. For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol ‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word ‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English. The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily. We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to the learners. Enjoy! SS Prabhakar Rao
`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å TELUGU ALPHABET Vowels (JK«∞Å Û ∞: Acculu) *
a–
a
far
u–
wood
.lu
i
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B come
u
–
i
.lu–
look
bit
– ru .
ru .
cool
.rusi.
root
e
e–
ai
get
loop
o–
o
feel
rotate
stake
au
oat
am .
mite
out
ah.
JO Jó some
half
* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
4
Consonants (ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞
:
Hallulu)
36 Characters *
k
g
kh
gh
Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ Î Î K« K« Kè« [ ~°≠ & @ ~î° _» _è» `« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ khaki
silk
.c
c
.capa
church
.j
jhansi
th .
take .
t
tabala
nilakantha .
dh .
dh
though
n.
dhoti
} #
prana .
- asadha . .
bird
d
thumb
jug
~ sanjna
d.
th
j
~ n
jh
t.
prajna
.jabili
witch
V [
.
ghost
go
ch
. n
n
nature
* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
5
p
ph
b
bh
m
Ѩ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊ = â◊ +¨ ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é cup
phone
y
bat
r
young
v
bharat
l
l.
rust
s
s.
´sastry
levy
home
sun
ship
r.
ksh
h
-- kalimata .
lump
s´
month
error
raksha
Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants
( LÉèÜ í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞::
–
–
Ubhayaksharalu)
(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga) Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.
Í Í They are 6
.lu .lu-
K« [ |∞∂ ru.c
.j
.
JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Vowels? a
a–
come
far –
i
i
bit
feel –
u
u
wood
cool
ru .
.rusi .
– ru .
root 7
e
e
get
stake
ai
o
mite
rotate
o
au
oat
out am .
some ah.
half 8
ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Consonants? k
kh
silk
– khaki
g
gh
go
ghost . n
. prajna c
ch
church
witch
j
jh
jug
– jhansi ~ n
~ sanjna 9
t.
th .
take
nilakantha .
d.
dh .
bird
– – asadha . .
–
n.
– prana .
th
t
tabala
thumb
d
dh
though
– dhoti
n
nature 10
p
ph
cup
phone
b
bh
bat bharat m
month y
r
young
rust
l
l.
lump
– – kalimata .
v
s´
levy
sastry ´
–
–
11
s.
ship s
sun h
home ksh
raksha
.r
error 12
How to write Vowels? For practice
a
a–
i
– i
13
u
– u
.ru
– .ru
e
e– 14
ai
o
– o
au
am .
ah. 15
How to write Consonants? For practice
k
kh
g
gh
. n 16
c
ch
j
jh
~ n 17
t.
th .
d.
dh .
n.
18
t
th
d
dh
n
19
p
ph
b
bh
m 20
y
r
l
.l
v 21
s´
s.
s
h
k s h
.r 22
Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels
J
Ѩ
L
JO
Hõ
|
U
B
QÆ
Ü«∞
S
~
Ѷ¨∞
P
`«
ó
V
D
^èŒ
X
K«
Z
^Œ
|∞∞
@
~°
à◊
W
~î°
#
Å
&
}
~°≠
_è»
Kè« 23
Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants
24
J
Z
JO
â◊
Hõ
_»
}
JO
P
U
Jó
ã¨
QÆ
_è»
=∞
Jó
W
S
|∞∞
=
Y
~î°
^Œ
B
D
X
|∞∂
Ü«∞
Ѷ¨∞
@
^èŒ
~°≠
L
F
Ѩ
à◊
V
&
Éèí
[
T
B
+¨
~°
Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters
F X V & [ ~°≠ ^èŒ # Å ~° ~° â◊
–o –o –n – n~ –j – jh – dh –n –l –r –r – s´
B | [ W X Ѷ¨∞ ^äŒè } à◊ é ~î° ã¨
– au –b –j –i –o – gh – th –n –l –r – th –s 25
+¨ T JO =∞ Ѷ¨ Å Y Ѩ Hõ ~î° Z U 26
–s –u – am –m – ph –l – kh –p –k – th –e –e
â◊ D Jó Ü«∞ Éèí @ Éèí U Hõ∆ ^äŒ U S
– s´ –i – ah –y – bh –t – bh –e – ksh – th –e – ai
Symbols of Gunintamulu . Telugu Letter
Roman Character
J
a
P
– a
W
i
D
Symbol How to write Symbol
For practice
– i
L
u
T
u–
|∞∞
ru .
|∞∂
ru
Z
e
U
e–
S
ai
X
o
F
– o
B
au
JO
am .
Jó
ah
–
.
.
27
.
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
H± Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ 28
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Hõ HÍ H˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó
–
ka
–
– ka
–
ki
–
– ki
–
ku
–
– ku
–
kru .
–
– kru .
–
ke
–
– ke
–
kai
–
ko
–
– ko
–
kau
–
kam .
–
kah.
'Hõ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu) .
For practice
For practice ka Gunintamu (Hõ .
#∞O_ç Hõó)
Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ 29
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Mò Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 30
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂
–
kha
–
– kha
–
khi
–
– khi
–
khu
–
– khu
Y$ –
khru .
Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó
–
– khru .
–
khe
–
– khe
–
khai
–
kho
–
– kho
–
khau
–
kham .
–
khah.
'Y— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu) . For practice
For practice: kha Gunintamu ( .
Y #∞O_ç Yó)
Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 31
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Q∑ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ 32
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQ ˆQ ÔQ· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó
–
ga
–
– ga
–
gi
–
– gi
–
gu
–
– gu
– –
gru . – gru .
–
ge
–
– ge
–
gai
–
go
–
– go
–
gau
–
gam .
–
gah.
For practice
For practice: ga Gunintamu ( .
QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó) QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·ˇ Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ 33
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ∞¨ — QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Ѷπ∞ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ 34
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ѷ¨∞ – Ѷ∂¨ – Ѷ∞≤ – Ѷ∞‘ – Ñ¶Ú ¨ – Ѷ¸ ¨ – Ѷ∞¨ $ – Ѷ∞¨ $Ï – ÃѶ∞ – ¿Ñ¶∞ – ÃѶ∞ÿ – Ѷ∞¨ Á – Ѷ∞¨ ’ – Ѷ∞¨ ø – Ѷ∞¨ O – Ѷ∞¨ ó –
gha – gha ghi – ghi ghu – ghu ghru . – ghru . ghe – ghe ghai gho – gho ghau gham . ghah.
For practice
For practice: gha Gunintamu ( .
Ѷ∞¨ #∞O_ç Ѷ∞¨ ó) Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∂ Ѷ≤∞ Ѷ‘∞ Ѷ¨Ú Ѷ¨¸ Ѷ¨∞$ Ѷ¨∞$Ï ÃѶ∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃѶ∞ÿ Ѷ¨∞Á Ѷ¨∞’ Ѷ¨∞ø Ѷ¨∞O Ѷ¨∞ó Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∞ 35
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Kü K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« 36
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó
–
ca
–
– ca
–
ci
–
– ci
–
cu
–
– cu
–
cru .
–
– cru .
–
ce
–
– ce
–
cai
–
co
–
– co
–
cau
–
cam .
–
cah.
For practice
For practice: ca Gunintamu ( .
K«Æ #∞O_ç K«óÆ ) K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K«Æ K« K« K« 37
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Kèü Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« 38
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè∞« Kè«∂ Kè$« Kè$« Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè·≥ Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ KèO« Kè«ó
–
cha
–
– cha
–
chi
–
– chi
–
chu
–
– chu
–
chru .
–
– chru .
–
che
–
– che
–
chai
–
cho
–
– cho
–
chau
–
cham .
–
chah.
For practice
For practice: cha Gunintamu ( .
Kè« #∞O_ç Kèó« ) Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« 39
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ja-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
*ò [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 40
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *ˇ *Ë *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó
–
ja
–
– ja
–
ji
–
ji
–
ju
–
– ju
–
– –
jru .
–
je
–
– je
–
jai
–
jo
–
– jo
–
jau
–
jam .
–
jah.
– jru .
For practice
For practice: ja Gunintamu ( .
[ #∞O_ç [ó) [ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 41
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (jha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
~ü≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
~°≠ – ~°≠Ï – i≠ – s≠ – ~°≠∞ – ~°≠∂– ~°≠$ – ~°≠$Ï– Ô~≠ – ˆ~≠ – ~Ô ≠ÿ – ~Ô ≠∞ – ~Ô ≠Ï – ~°≠ø – ~°≠O–
~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – 42
jha – jha jhi – jhi jhu – jhu jhru . – jhru . jhe – jhe jhai jho – jho jhau jham . jhah.
For practice
For practice: jha Gunintamu ( .
~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó) ~°≠ ~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞ ~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï ~Ô ≠ ~ˆ ~¡-≠ ~Ô ≠ÿ ~Ô ≠∞ ~Ô ≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ 43
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
\ò @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 44
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >ˇÿ \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó
– – –
ta . – ta .
–
ti. – ti.
–
.tu
–
– .tu
–
. .tru
–
– . .tru
–
te .
–
– te .
–
tai .
– –
to . – to .
–
tau .
–
tam . .
–
tah . .
For practice
For practice: ta ( . . Gunintamu
@ #∞O_ç @ó) @ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 45
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
~îü ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° 46
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
~î° ~îå iî sî ~î∞° ~î∂° ~î$° ~î$° Ï ~Ô î ~ˆ î ~Ô ·î ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~îO° ~î°ó
–
tha .
–
– tha .
– – –
thi . – thi .
–
thu . – thu .
–
thru . .
–
– thru . .
–
the .
–
– the .
–
thai .
–
tho .
–
– tho .
–
thau .
–
tham . .
–
thah . .
For practice
For practice t.ha Gunintamu (~î° .
#∞O_ç ~î°ó)
~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï Ô~î ˆ~î Ô~î· ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î° ~î° ~î°õ ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ 47
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
_£ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» 48
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ˇ _Õ _≥ÿ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó
– – –
da . – da .
–
di . – di .
–
du .
–
– du .
–
dru ..
–
– dru ..
–
de .
–
– de .
–
dai .
–
do .
–
– do .
–
dau .
–
dam . .
–
dah . .
For practice
For practice: da ( . . Gunintamu
_» #∞O_ç _»ó) _» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·ˇ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó _» _Æ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» 49
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
_è£ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» 50
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
_è» _è® _èç _èô _è∞» _è∂» _è$» _è$» Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è·≥ _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _èO» _è»ó
– – – – –
dha . – dha . dhi . – dhi .
–
dhu . – dhu .
–
dhru . .
–
– dhru . .
–
dhe .
–
– dhe .
–
dhai .
–
dho .
–
– dho .
–
dhau .
–
dham . .
–
dhah . .
For practice
For practice: dha Gunintamu ( . .
_è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)
_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó _è» _è» _è» _è»Æ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è»Æ _è» 51
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '}— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
}ü } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 52
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
} – }Ï – }˜ – }© – }∞ – }∂ – }$ – }$Ï – }ˇ – }Ë – }ˇÿ – }˘ – }À – }∫ – }O – }ó –
na . – na . ni . – ni . nu . – nu . nru .. – nru .. ne . – ne . nai . no . – no . nau . nam . . nah . .
For practice
For practice: na ( . . Gunintamu
} #∞O_ç }ó)
} }Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }ˇ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘ }À }∫ }O }ó } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 53
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '`«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
`ü `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« 54
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J ´ P ´ W ´ D ´ L ´ T ´ |∞∞ ´ |∞∂ ´ Z ´ U ´ S ´ X ´ F ´ B ´ JO ´ Jó ´
`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó
–
ta
–
– ta
–
ti
–
– ti
–
tu
–
– tu
–
tru .
–
– tru .
–
te
–
– te
–
tai
–
to
–
– to
–
tau
–
tam .
–
tah.
For practice
For practice: ta Gunintamu (`« .
#∞O_ç `«ó)
`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó `«Æ `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« 55
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^䌗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
^ä£ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ 56
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^ä∞Œ ^ä∂Œ ^ä$Œ ^ä$Œ Ï ^ä≥ ^äËÕ ^ä·≥ ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äOŒ ^äŒó
–
tha
–
– tha
–
thi
–
– thi
–
thu
–
– thu
– –
thru .
–
the
–
– the
–
thai
–
tho
–
– tho
–
thau
–
tham .
–
thah.
– thru .
For practice
For practice: tha Gunintamu ( .
^äŒ #∞O_ç ^äŒó)
^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ 57
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^Œ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
^£ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ 58
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^≥ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO
–
da
–
– da
–
di
–
di
–
du
–
– du
–
dru .
–
– dru .
–
de
–
– de
–
dai
–
do
–
– do
–
dau
–
dam .
{ Jó ´ ^Œó –
dah.
–
For practice
For practice: da Gunintamu (^Œ .
#∞O_ç ^Œó)
^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^ˇ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO ^Œó ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ 59
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^茗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
^è£ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ 60
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^è∞Œ ^è∂Œ ^è$Œ ^è$Œ Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è·≥ ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èOŒ ^èŒó
–
dha
–
– dha
–
dhi
–
– dhi
–
dhu
–
– dhu
– –
dhru .
–
dhe
–
– dhe
–
dhai
–
dho
–
– dho
–
dhau
–
dham .
–
dhah.
– dhru .
For practice
For practice: dha Gunintamu (^èŒ .
#∞O_ç ^èŒó)
^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^èŒ∞ ^èŒ∂ ^èŒ$ ^èŒ$Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è≥· ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èŒO ^èŒó ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ 61
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
<£ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 62
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
# <å x h #∞ #∂ #$ #$Ï <≥ <ÕÕ <≥· <˘ <À <Ò #O
–
na
–
– na
–
ni
–
– ni
–
nu
–
– nu
–
nru .
–
– nru .
–
ne
–
– ne
–
nai
–
no
–
– no
–
nau
–
nam .
{ Jó ´ #ó –
nah.
For practice
For practice: na Gunintamu ( .
# #∞O_ç #ó)
# <å x h #∞ #∂ #$ #$Ï <≥ <Õ <≥· <˘ <À <Ò #O #ó # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 63
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѩ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (pa-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Ñπ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ
Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ
Ѩ Ѩ 64
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ѩ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨$ Ѩ$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ Ñ¨O Ѩó
–
pa
–
– pa
–
pi
–
– pi
–
pu
–
– pu
– –
pru . – pru .
–
pe
–
– pe
–
pai
–
po
–
– po
–
pau
–
pam .
–
pah.
For practice
For practice: pa Gunintamu ( Ѩ .
#∞O_ç Ѩó )
Ѩ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨$ Ѩ$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ Ñ¨O Ѩó Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ Ѩ 65
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ¨— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (pha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Ѷπ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ 66
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ѷ¨ á¶ê Ѷ≤ Ѷ‘ Ѷ٨ ѶӨ Ѷ$¨ Ѷ$¨ Ï ÃѶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃѶ· á¶⁄ á¶È ᶜ ѶO¨
–
pha
–
– pha
–
phi
–
– phi
–
phu
–
– phu
– –
phru . – phru .
–
phe
–
– phe
–
phai
–
pho
–
– pho
–
phau
–
pham .
{ Jó ´ Ñ¶ó¨ –
phah.
For practice
For practice: pha Gunintamu (Ѷ¨ .
#∞O_ç Ѷó¨ )
Ѷ¨ á¶ê Ѷ≤ Ѷ‘ Ѷ¨Ù Ѷ¨Ó Ѷ¨$ Ѷ¨$Ï ÃѶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃѶ· á¶⁄ á¶È ᶜ Ѷ¨O Ѷ¨ó Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ Ѷ¨ 67
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '|— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ba-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Éò | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | 68
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï Éˇ ÉË Éˇ· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó
–
ba
–
– ba
–
bi
–
– bi
–
bu
–
– bu
– –
bru .
–
be
–
– be
–
bai
–
bo
–
– bo
–
bau
–
bam .
–
bah.
– bru .
For practice
For practice: ba Gunintamu (| .
#∞O_ç |ó)
| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï Éˇ ÉËË Éˇ· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 69
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Éèí— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (bha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Éèò Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí 70
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éè∞í Éè∂í Éè$í Éè$í Ï Éèˇ ÉèË Éè·ˇ ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèOí
–
bha
–
– bha
–
bhi
–
– bhi
–
bhu
–
– bhu
–
bhru .
–
– bhru .
–
bhe
–
– bhe
–
bhai
–
bho
–
– bho
–
bhau
–
bham .
{ Jó ´ Éèóí –
bhah.
For practice
For practice: bha Gunintamu (Éèí .
#∞O_ç Éèíó)
Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éèˇ ÉèË Éèˇ· ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèíO Éèíó Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí 71
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=∞— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ma-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
"£∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞
=∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞
=∞ =∞ 72
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
=∞ – =∂ – q∞ – g∞ – =Ú – =¸ – =∞$ – =∞$Ï – "≥∞ – "Õ∞ – "≥∞ÿ – "≥Ú – "≥∂ – =∞ø – =∞O – =∞ó –
ma – ma mi – mi mu – mu mru . – mru . me – me mai mo – mo mau mam . mah.
For practice
For practice: ma Gunintamu (=∞ .
#∞O_ç =∞ó)
=∞ =∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú "≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ 73
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ya-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Üü∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ü«∞ – Ü«∂ – ~Ú – ~¸ – Ü«Ú – Ü«¸– Ü«∞$ – Ü«∞$Ï– Ü≥∞ – ÜÕ∞ – Ü≥∞ÿ – Ü≥Ú – Ü≥∂ – Ü«∞ø – Ü«∞O–
Ü«∞ { Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – 74
ya – ya yi – yi yu – yu yru . – yru . ye – ye yai yo – yo yau yam . yah.
For practice
For practice: ya Gunintamu (Ü«∞ .
#∞O_ç Ü«∞ó)
Ü«∞ Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«ÚÜ«¸Ü«∞$Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥∞ÿ Ü≥Ú Ü≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞OÜ«∞ó Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ 75
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
~ü ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~°
~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~°
~° ~° 76
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï ~Ô ~ˆ ~Ô · ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó
–
ra
–
– ra
–
ri
–
ri
–
ru
–
– ru
– –
rru . – rru .
–
re
–
– re
–
rai
–
ro
–
– ro
–
rau
–
ram .
–
rah.
–
For practice
For practice: ra Gunintamu (~° .
#∞O_ç ~°ó)
~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï Ô~ ˆ~ Ô~· ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° 77
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Å— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
Öò Å Å Å Å Å Å
Å Å Å Å Å Å Å
Å Å 78
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó
–
la
–
– la
–
li
–
li
–
lu
–
– lu
–
– –
lru .
–
le
–
– le
–
lai
–
lo
–
– lo
–
lau
–
lam .
–
lah .
– lru .
For practice
For practice: la Gunintamu (Å .
Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ·
#∞O_ç Åó)
ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó
Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å 79
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'à◊— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
àò { J à◊ { P à◊ { W à◊ { D à◊ { L à◊ { T à◊ { |∞∞ à◊ { |∞∂ à◊ { Z à◊ { U à◊ { S à◊ { X à◊ { F à◊ { B à◊ { JO 80
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O
–
.la
–
– .la
– –
.li – .li
–
.lu
–
– .lu
–
. .lru
–
– .lru .
–
.le
–
– .le
–
.lai
–
.lo
–
– .lo
–
.lau
–
. .lam
à◊ { Jó ´ à◊ó –
.lah.
For practice
For practice: .la Gunintamu (à◊ .
#∞O_ç à◊ó)
à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹ˇ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O à◊ó à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ 81
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (va-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
"£ { J ´ = { P ´ = { W ´ = { D ´ = { L ´ = { T ´ = { |∞∞ ´ = { |∞∂ ´ = { Z ´ = { U ´ = { S ´ = { X ´ = { F ´ = { B ´ = { JO ´ 82
= "å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ "Õ "≥·‹ "˘ "À "Ò =O
–
va
–
– va
–
vi
–
vi
–
vu
–
– vu
–
–
–
vru . – vru .
–
ve
–
– ve
–
vai
–
vo
–
– vo
–
vau
–
vam .
= { Jó ´ =ó –
vah.
For practice
For practice: va Gunintamu (= .
=
#∞O_ç =ó)
"å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ˇ "Õ "≥· "˘ "À "Ò =O =ó
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 83
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . ´ Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'â◊— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
âò â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊
â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊
â◊ â◊ 84
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
â◊ âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï â‹ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó
–
´ sa
–
´– sa
–
´ si
–
– ´ si
–
´ su
–
´– su
– –
´. sru
–
´ se
–
´– se
–
´ sai
–
´ so
–
´– so
–
´ sau
–
´ sam .
–
´ sah .
´. – sru
For practice
´ Gunintamu (â◊ For practice: sa .
â◊
#∞O_ç â◊ó)
âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï âˇ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó
â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ 85
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '+¨— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
+π { J +¨ { P +¨ { W +¨ { D +¨ { L +¨ { T +¨ { |∞∞ +¨ { |∞∂ +¨ { Z +¨ { U +¨ { S +¨ { X +¨ { F +¨ { B +¨ { JO 86
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
+¨ ëê +≤ +‘ +¨µ +¨Ø +¨$ +¨$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+·· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +¨O
– – –
sa . – sa .
–
si . – si .
–
su .
–
– su .
–
sru ..
–
– sru ..
–
se .
–
– se .
–
sai .
–
so .
–
– so .
–
sau .
–
sam . .
+¨ { Jó ´ +¨ó –
sah . .
For practice
For practice: sa (+¨ . . Gunintamu
#∞O_ç +¨ó)
+¨ ëê +≤ +‘ +¨µ +¨Ø +¨$ +¨$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +¨O +¨ó +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ 87
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '㨗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
ãπ 㨠㨠㨠㨨 㨨 㨨
㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠88
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
㨠™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ã¨O ã¨ó
– sa – sa– –
si
–
– si
– su – su–
– sru . – – sru . – se – se– – sai – so – so– – sau –sam. – sah.
For practice
For practice: sa Gunintamu ( 㨠.
#∞O_ç ã¨ó)
㨠™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ã¨O ã¨ó 㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠㨠89
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ǩϗ QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
ÇπÏ { J Ç¨Ï { P Ç¨Ï { W Ç¨Ï { D Ç¨Ï { L Ç¨Ï { T Ç¨Ï { |∞∞ Ç¨Ï { |∞∂ Ç¨Ï { Z Ç¨Ï { U Ç¨Ï { S Ç¨Ï { X Ç¨Ï { F Ç¨Ï { B Ç¨Ï { JO
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ç¨Ï – Ǩ – Ç≤Ï – Ç‘Ï – Ç¨ï – Ǩ˙ – ǨÏ$ – ǨÏ$Ï – ÃÇÏ – ¿ÇÏ – ÃÇ·Ï – ǨÏ∏ – Ǩϟ – ǨÏ∫ – ǨÏO –
Ç¨Ï { Jó ´ Ç¨Ïó – 90
ha – ha hi – hi hu – hu hru . – hru . he – he hai ho – ho hau ham . hah.
For practice
For practice: ha Gunintamu (Ç¨Ï .
#∞O_ç ǨÏó)
Ç¨Ï Ç¨ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ǩ˙ ǨÏ$ ǨÏ$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏ Ǩϟ ǨÏ∫ ǨÏO ǨÏó Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï 91
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ∆— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
H∆± Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆
Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ 92
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Hõ∆ H∆Í H˜∆ H©∆ ‰õΩ∆ ‰õ∆Ä Hõ$∆ Hõ$∆ Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆ ÔH∆ H∆˘ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó
–
ksha
–
– ksha
–
kshi
–
– kshi
–
kshu
–
– kshu
– –
kshru . – kshru .
–
kshe
–
– kshe
–
kshai
–
ksho
–
– ksho
–
kshau
–
ksham .
–
kshah.
For practice
For practice: ksha Gunintamu ( .
Hõ∆ H∆Í H˜∆
H©∆ ‰õ∆Ω ‰õ∆Ä Hõ∆$ Hõ∆$Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆
Hõ∆ #∞O_ç Hõ∆ó)
ÔH∆ H∆˘ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó
Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ 93
QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'é— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
éü { J é { P é { W é { D é { L é { T é { |∞∞ é { |∞∂ é { Z é { U é { S é { X é { F é { B é { JO 94
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï éˇ éË éˇÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO
–
.ra
–
– .ra
– –
.ri – .ri
–
ru .
–
– .ru
–
.rru .
–
– .rru .
–
.re
–
– .re
–
.rai
–
.ro
–
– .ro
–
.rau
–
ram . .
é { Jó ´ éó –
.rah.
For practice
For practice: .ra Gunintamu (é .
#∞O_ç éó)
é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï éˇˇ éË éˇÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO éó é é é é é é é é é é é é é é é é 95
Symbols of Vottulu k
kh
g
gh
Hõ ¯
Y ö
QÆ æ
Ѷ¨∞ …
c
ch
j
V
K« Û
Kè« Ûù
[ ˚
jh
~ n
t.
th .
~°≠
&
~î°
~°≠
&
@ ì
ª
d.
dh .
n.
t
_è»
`«
_è
} ‚
th
d
dh
n
^äŒ
^Œ
^èŒ
#
÷
Ì
ú
fl
. n
V
_» ¤
96
Î
p
ph
b
bh
Ѩ
Ѷ¨
|
Éèí
Ê
Êù
ƒ
ƒù
m
y
r
l
=∞
Ü«∞
~°
Å
‡
º
„
¡
.l
v
s´
s.
à◊
=
â◊
+¨
§
fi
≈
¬
s
h
ksha
ra .
ã¨
ǨÏ
Hõ∆
é
û
›
∆
]
VOTTULU for "k" consonant
'Hõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Hõ¯ – kka
Hõú –
kdha
Hõö –
kkha
Hõfl –
kna
Hõæ –
kga
HõÊ – kpa
Hõ… –
kgha
HõÊù – kpha
HõÛ –
kca
Hõƒ–
kba
HõÛù – kcha
Hõƒù–
kbha
Hõ˚ –
kja
Hõ‡ – kma
Hõ –
kjha
Hõº – kya
Hõì –
kta .
„Hõ –
kra
Hõª–
ktha .
Hõ¡ –
kla
Hõ¤ – Hõ – Hõ‚ –
kda .
Hõ§–
kla .
kdha .
Hõfi – kva
kna .
Hõ≈ –
´ ksa
HõÎ –
kta
Hõ¬ –
ksa .
Hõ÷ –
ktha
Hõû – ksa
HõÌ –
kda
Hõ› –
~°≠
kha 97
VOTTULU for "kha" consonant
'Y— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
98
Y¯ – khka
Yú –
Yö –
khkha
Yfl – khna
Yæ –
khga
YÊ – khpa
khdha
Y… – khgha
YÊù – khpha
YÛ – khca
Yƒ – khba
YÛù – khcha
Yƒù – khbha
Y˚ –
khja
Y‡ – khma
Y~°≠ –
khjha
Yº – khya
Yì –
khta .
„Y – khra
Yª –
khtha .
Y¡ –
khla
Y¤ –
khda .
Y§–
khla .
Y–
khdha .
Yfi – khva
Y‚ –
khna .
Y≈ – khsa´
YÎ –
khta
Y¬ –
Y÷ –
khtha
Yû – khsa
YÌ –
khda
Y› – khha
khsa .
VOTTULU for "ga" consonant
'QÆõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice QƯ – gka
QÆú –
QÆö –
gkha
QÆfl – gna
QÆæ –
gga
QÆÊ – gpa
QÆ… –
ggha
QÆÊù – gpha
gdha
QÆÛ – gca
Qƃ – gba
QÆÛù – gcha
Qƃù – gbha
QÆ˚ –
gja
QƇ – gma
QÆ –
gjha
Qƺ – gya
QÆì –
gta
„QÆ –
gra
Qƪ –
gtha
QÆ¡
–
gla
QƤ –
gda .
QƧ –
gla .
QÆ –
gdha .
QÆfi – gva
QÆ‚ –
gna .
QÆ≈ –
´ gsa
QÆÎ –
gta
QƬ –
gsa .
QÆ÷ –
gtha
QÆû –
gsa
QÆÌ –
gda
QÆ› –
gha
~°≠
. .
99
VOTTULU for "gha" consonant
'Ѷ∞¨ — ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ѷ∞¨ ¯ –ghka
Ѷ¨∞ú – ghdha
Ѷ¨∞ö – ghkha
Ѷ¨∞fl – ghna
Ѷ¨∞æ – ghga
Ѷ¨∞Ê –ghpa
Ѷ¨∞… – ghgha
Ѷ¨∞Êù –ghpha
Ѷ¨∞Û –ghca
Ѷ¨∞ƒ – ghba
Ѷ¨∞Ûù –ghcha
Ѷ¨∞ƒù –ghbha
Ѷ¨∞˚ – ghja
Ѷ¨∞‡ –ghma
Ѷ~°≠∞¨ –
Ѷ∞¨ º –ghya
ghjha
Ѷ¨∞ì – ghta.
„Ѷ¨∞ – ghra
Ѷ¨∞ª –
Ѷ¨∞¡ –
ghtha .
ghla
Ѷ¨∞¤ – ghda .
Ѷ¨∞§– ghla.
Ѷ∞¨ –
ghdha .
Ѷ¨∞fi –ghva
Ѷ¨∞‚ –
ghna .
Ѷ¨∞≈ – ghsa´
Ѷ¨∞Î – ghta
Ѷ¨∞¬ – ghsa .
Ѷ¨∞÷ – ghtha
Ѷ¨∞û – ghsa
Ѷ¨∞Ì –
Ѷ¨∞› – ghha
100
ghda
VOTTULU for "ca" consonant
'Kõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice K«¯ –cka
K«ú –
K«ö –
ckha
K«fl – cna
K«æ –
cga
K«Ê – cpa
cdha
K«… – cgha
K«Êù – cpha
K«Û – cca
K«ƒ – cba
K«Ûù – ccha
K«ƒù – cbha
K«˚ –
cja
K«‡ – cma
K«~°≠ –
chja
K«º – cya
K«ì –
cta .
„K« – cra
K«ª –
ctha .
K«¡ –
cla
K«¤ –
cda .
K«§–
cla .
K« –
cdha .
K«fi – cva
K«‚ –
chna .
K«≈ – csa´
K«Î –
cta
K«¬ –
K«÷ –
ctha
K«û – csa
K«Ì –
cda
K«› – cha
csa .
101
VOTTULU for "cha" consonant
'Kè«— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice K诫 – chka
Kè«ú –
Kè«ö –
chkha
Kè«fl – chna
Kè«æ –
chga
Kè«Ê – chpa
chdha
Kè«… – chgha
Kè«Êù – chpha
Kè«Û – chca
K諃 – chba
Kè«Ûù – chcha
K諃ù – chbha
Kè«˚ –
chja
K談 – chma
Kè~°≠ « –
chjha
K身 – chya
Kè«ì –
chta .
„Kè« – chra
K諪 –
chtha .
Kè«¡ –
chla
K諤 –
chda .
K諧–
chla .
Kè« –
chdha .
Kèfi« – chva
Kè«‚ –
chna .
Kè«≈ – chsa´
Kè«Î –
chta
K諬 –
Kè«÷ –
chtha
Kè«û – chsa
Kè«Ì –
chda
Kè«› – chha
102
chsa .
VOTTULU for "ja" consonant
'[— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice [¯ – jka
[ú –
[ö –
jkha
[fl – jna
[æ –
jga
[Ê – jpa
jdha
[… – jgha
[Êù – jpha
[Û – jca
[ƒ – jba
[Ûù – jcha
[ƒù – jbha
[˚ –
[‡ – jma
jja
[~°≠ – jjha
[º – jya
[ì –
jta .
„[ – jra
[ª –
jtha
.
[¡
[¤ –
jda .
[§ – jla.
[–
jdha .
[fi – jva
[‚ –
jna .
[≈ – jsa´
[Î –
jta
[¬ –
[÷ –
jtha
[û – jsa
[Ì –
jda
[› – jha
–
jla
jsa .
103
VOTTULU for "jha" consonant
'~°≠— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ~°≠¯ –jhka
~°≠ú –jhdha
~°≠ö –jhkha
~°≠fl –jhna
~°≠æ –jhga
~°≠Ê –jhpa
~°≠… –jhgha
~°≠Êù –jhpha
~°≠Û –jhca
~°≠ƒ –jhba
~°≠Ûù –jhcha
~°≠ƒù –jhbha
~°≠˚ –jhja
~°≠‡ –jhma
~°~°≠≠ –jhjha
~°≠º –jhya
~°≠ì –jhta.
„~°≠ – jhra
~°≠ª –jhtha .
~°≠¡ – jhla
~°≠¤ –jhda .
~°≠§– jhla.
~°≠ –jhdha .
~°≠fi –jhva
~°≠‚ –jhna .
~°≠≈ –jhsa´
~°≠Î –jhta
~°≠¬ –jhsa .
~°≠÷ –jhtha
~°≠û –jhsa
~°≠Ì –jhda
~°≠› –jhha
104
VOTTULU for "ta" . consonant
'@— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice @¯ –.tka
@ú – .tdha
@ö –
tkha .
@fl – .tna
@æ –
.tga
@Ê –.tpa
@… – .tgha
@Êù – tpha .
@Û – tca .
@ƒ – tba .
@Ûù – .tcha
@ƒù – .tbha
@˚ –
.tja
@‡ – tma .
@ – ~°≠
tjha .
@º –.tya
@ì –
. .tta
„@ – .tra
@ª –
. .ttha
@¡ –
.tla
@¤ –
tda ..
@§–
. .tla
@–
tdha
@fi – .tva
..
@‚ – tna ..
´ @≈ – tsa .
@Î –
.tta
@¬ – .tsa.
@÷ –
.ttha
@û – tsa .
@Ì – tda .
@› – .tha 105
VOTTULU for "tha" consonant .
'~î°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ~ – thka .
~î°ú –
.thdha
~î°ö –
thkha .
~îfl° –
.thna
~î°æ –
.thga
~î°Ê – .thpa
~î°… –
thgha .
~î°Êù – thpha .
~î°Û – thca .
~î°ƒ – thba .
~î°Ûù – thcha .
~î°ƒù – thbha .
~î°˚ –
thja .
~î°‡ – thma .
~°≠
~î° –
thjha .
~ – thya .
~î°ì –
thta . .
„~î° –
.thra
~î°ª –
ththa . .
~î°¡ –
thla .
~î°¤ –
thda . .
~î°«§ – .thla.
~î° –
thdha . .
~îfi° – thva .
~î°‚ –
thna . .
~î°≈ –
.thsa
~î°Î –
thta .
~î°¬ –
.thsa .
~î°÷ –
ththa .
~î°û – thsa .
~î°Ì –
thda .
~î°› – .thha
106
´
VOTTULU for "da" consonant .
_»¯ – .dka _»ö –
dkha .
_»æ –
dga .
_»… – dgha . _»Û – dca . _»Ûù – dcha . _»˚ –
dja .
_»~°≠ –
djha .
_»ì –
dta ..
_»ª –
dtha ..
_»¤ –
dda ..
_» –
ddha
_»‚ –
dna ..
_»Î –
dta .
_»÷ –
dtha
_»Ì –
dda
..
.
.
'_õ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice _»ú – ddha . _»fl – dna . _»Ê – dpa . _»Êù – .dpha _»ƒ – dba . _»ƒù – dbha . _»‡ – dma . _»º – dya . „_» – dra . _»¡ – dla . _»§ – dla .. _»fi – dva . ´ _»≈ – dsa . _»¬ – dsa .. _»û – dsa . _»› – dha . 107
VOTTULU for "dha" consonant .
'_è»— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice _軯 – dhka .
_è»ú –
_è»ö –
dhkha
.
_è»fl – dhna .
_è»æ –
dhga .
_è»Ê – dhpa .
dhdha .
_è»… – dhgha .
_è»Êù – dhpha .
_è»Û – dhca .
_軃 – dhba .
_è»Ûù – dhcha .
_軃ù – dhbha .
_è»˚ –
dhja .
_軇 – dhma .
_è~°≠ » –
dhjha
.
_軺 – dhya .
_è»ì –
dhta .
.
„_è» – dhra .
_軪 –
dhtha . .
_軡 –
.dhla
_軤 –
dhda .
.
_軧–
dhla . .
_è»è –
dhdha . .
_è»fi – dhva .
_軂 –
dhna . .
´ _è»≈ – dhsa .
_è»Î –
dhta
.
_軬 –
_è»÷ –
dhtha .
_è»û – dhsa .
_è»Ì –
dhda .
_è»› – dhha .
108
dhsa . .
VOTTULU for "ta" consonant
'`«— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice `«¯ – tka
`«ú –
`«ö –
tkha
`«fl – tna
`«æ –
tga
`«Ê – tpa
`«… –
tgha
`«Êù – tpha
tdha
`«Û – tca
`«ƒ – tba
`«Ûù – tcha
`«ƒù – tbha
`«˚ – tja
`«‡ – tma
`« – ~°≠
tjha
`«º – tya
`«ì –
tta .
`«ª –
ttha .
`«¤ –
tda .
`« –
tdha .
`«‚ –
tna .
`«Î –
tta
`«¬ –
`«÷ –
ttha
`«û – tsa
`«Ì –
tda
`«› – tha
„`« – tra `«¡
–
tla
`««§ – tla. `«fi – tva `«≈ – tsa´ tsa .
109
VOTTULU for "tha" consonant
'^䌗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ^䯌 – thka
^䌫ú –
^äŒö –
thkha
^䌫fl – thna
^äŒæ –
thga
^äŒÊ – thpa
thdha
^䌅 – thgha
^䌫Êù – thpha
^äŒÛ – thca
^䌃 – thba
^äŒÛù – thcha
^䌃ù – thbha
^äŒ˚ –
thja
^䇌 – thma
^ä~°≠ Œ –
thjha
^二 – thya
^äŒì –
thta .
„^äŒ – thra
^䌪 –
ththa .
^䌡 –
^䌤 –
thda .
^䌧 – thla.
^äŒ –
thdha .
^äŒfi – thva
^䌂 –
thna .
^äŒ≈ – thsa´
^äŒÎ –
thta
^䌬 –
^䌫÷ –
ththa
^äŒû – thsa
^äŒ«Ì –
thda
^䌛 – thha
110
thla
thsa .
VOTTULU for "da" consonant
'^Œ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ^Œ¯ – dka
^Œú –
^Œö –
dkha
^Œfl – dna
^Œæ –
dga
^ŒÊ – dpa
ddha
^Œ… – dgha
^ŒÊù – dpha
^ŒÛ – dca
^Œƒ – dba
^ŒÛù – dcha
^Œƒù – dbha
^Œ˚ –
dja
^Œ‡ – dma
^Œ~°≠ –
djha
^Œº – dya
^Œì –
dta .
„^Œ – dra
^Œª –
dtha .
^Œ¡ –
dla
^Œ¤ –
dda .
^Œ§–
dla .
^Œ –
ddha .
^Œfi – dva
^Œ‚ –
dna .
^Œ≈ – dsa´
^ŒÎ –
dta
^Œ¬ –
^Œ÷ –
dtha
^Œû – dsa
^ŒÌ –
dda
^Œ› – dha
dsa .
111
VOTTULU for "dha" consonant
'^茗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ^诌 – dhka
^Œú –
^èŒö –
dhkha
^èŒfl – dhna
^èŒæ –
dhga
^èŒÊ – dhpa
dhdha
^茅 – dhgha
^èŒÊù – dhpha
^èŒÛ – dhca
^范 – dhba
^èŒÛù – dhcha
^范ù – dhbha
^èŒ˚ –
dhja
^茇 – dhma
^è~°≠ Œ –
dhjha
^茺 –dhya
^èŒì –
dhta .
„^èŒ – dhra
^茪 –
dhtha .
^茡 –
dhla
^茤 –
dhda .
^茧–
dhla .
^èŒ –
dhdha .
^èŒfi – dhva
^茂 –
dhna .
^èŒ≈ – dhsa´
^èŒÎ –
dhta
^茬 –
^èŒ÷ –
dhtha
^èŒû – dhsa
^èŒÌ –
dhda
^茛 – dhha
112
dhsa .
VOTTULU for "na" consonant
'#— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice #¯ – nka #ö –
nkha
#æ –
nga
#… – ngha #Û – nca #Ûù – ncha #˚ –
nja
#~°≠ –
njha
#ì –
nta .
#ª –
ntha .
#¤ –
nda .
#–
ndha .
#‚ –
nna .
#Î –
nta
#÷ –
ntha
#Ì –
nda
#ú – ndha #fl – nna #Ê – npa #Êù – npha #ƒ – nba #ƒù – nbha #‡ – nma #º – nya „# – nra #¡ – nla #§– nla. #fi – nva #≈ – nsa´ #¬ – nsa . #û – nsa #› – nha 113
VOTTULU for "pa" consonant
'Ѩ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ѩ¯ – pka
Ѩú –
Ѩö –
pkha
Ѩfl – pna
Ñ¨æ –
pga
Ñ¨Ê – ppa
Ѩ… –
pgha
ѨÊù – ppha
Ñ¨Û – pca
Ѩƒ – pba
ѨÛù – pcha
Ѩƒù – pbha
Ѩ˚ –
pja
Ѩ‡ – pma
Ѩ –
pjha
Ѩº – pya
Ñ¨ì –
pta .
„Ѩ –
pra
Ѩª – ptha .
Ѩ¡ –
pla
Ѩ¤ –
pda .
Ѩ§ – pla.
Ѩ –
pdha
.
Ѩfi – pva
Ѩ‚ –
pna .
Ѩ≈ – psa´
ѨΠ–
pta
Ѩ¬ –
Ѩ÷ –
ptha
Ѩû – psa
Ñ¨Ì –
pda
Ѩ› – pha
~°≠
114
pdha
psa .
VOTTULU for "pha" consonant
'Ѷ¨— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ѷ¯¨ – phka
Ѷ¨ú –
Ѷ¨ö – phkha
Ѷ¨fl – phna
Ѷ¨æ –
phga
Ѷ¨Ê – phpa
Ѷ¨… –
phgha
Ѷ¨Êù – phpha
phdha
Ѷ¨Û – phca
Ѷ¨ƒ – phba
Ѷ¨Ûù – phcha
Ѷ¨ƒù – phbha
Ѷ¨˚ –
phja
Ѷ¨‡ – phma
Ѷ¨ –
phjha
Ѷ¨º – phya
Ѷ¨ì –
phta .
„Ѷ¨ – phra
Ѷ¨ª –
phtha .
Ѷ¨¡ –
Ѷ¨¤ –
phda .
Ѷ¨§ – phla.
Ѷ¨ –
phdha .
Ѷ¨fi – phva
Ѷ¨‚ –
phna .
Ѷ¨≈ – phsa´
Ѷ¨Î –
phta
Ѷ¨¬ –
Ѷ¨÷ –
phtha
Ѷ¨û – phsa
Ѷ¨Ì –
phda
Ѷ¨› – phha
~°≠
phla
phsa .
115
VOTTULU for "ba" consonant
'|— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice |¯ – bka
|ú –
|ö –
bkha
|fl – bna
|æ –
bga
|Ê – bpa
|… –
bgha
|Êù – bpha
bdha
|Û – bca
|ƒ – bba
|Ûù – bcha
|ƒù – bbha
|˚ –
bja
|‡ – bma
|–
bjha
|º –bya
|ì –
bta .
„| – bra
|ª –
btha .
|¡ –
|¤ –
bda .
|§ – bla.
|–
bdha
.
|fi – bva
|‚ –
bna
|≈ – bsa´
|Î –
bta
|¬ –
|÷ –
btha
|û – bsa
|Ì –
bda
|› – bha
~°≠
116
.
bla
bsa
.
VOTTULU for "bha" consonant
'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Éè¯í – bhka
Éèíú –
Éèíö –
bhkha
Éèífl – bhna
Éèíæ –
bhga
ÉèíÊ – bhpa
Éèí… –
bhgha
ÉèíÊù – bhpha
bhdha
ÉèíÛ – bhca
Éèíƒ – bhba
ÉèíÛù – bhcha
Éèíƒù – bhbha
Éèí˚ –
bhja
Éèí‡ – bhma
Éè~°≠ í –
bhjha
Éèºí –bhya
Éèíì –
bhta .
„Éèí – bhra
Éèíª –
bhtha .
Éèí¡ –
Éèí¤ –
bhda .
Éèí§ – bhla.
Éèí –
bhdha .
Éèfií – bhva
Éèí‚ –
bhna .
Éèí≈ – bhsa´
ÉèíÎ –
bhta
Éèí¬ –
Éèí÷ –
bhtha
Éèíû – bhsa
ÉèíÌ –
bhda
Éèí› – bhha
bhla
bhsa .
117
VOTTULU for "ma" consonant
'=∞— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
118
=∞¯ – mka
=∞ú – mdha
=∞ö – mkha
=∞fl –mna
=∞æ – mga
=∞Ê – mpa
=∞… –mgha
=∞Êù – mpha
=∞Û – mca
=∞ƒ – mba
=∞Ûù – mcha
=∞ƒù – mbha
=∞˚ – mja
=∞‡ – mma
=∞ – mjha ~°≠
=∞º – mya
=∞ì – mta.
„=∞ – mra
=∞ª – mtha .
=∞¡ – mla
=∞¤ – mda .
=∞§ – mla .
=∞ – mdha .
=∞fi – mva
=∞‚ – mna .
=∞≈ –msa´
=∞Î – mta
=∞¬ – msa .
=∞÷ – mtha
=∞û – msa
=∞Ì – mda
=∞› – mha
VOTTULU for "ya" consonant
'Ü«∞— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ü«∞¯ –yka
Ü«∞ú –ydha
Ü«∞ö –ykha
Ü«∞fl –yna
Ü«∞æ –yga
Ü«∞Ê –ypa
Ü«∞… –ygha
Ü«∞Êù –ypha
Ü«∞Û –yca
Ü«∞ƒ –ypba
Ü«∞Ûù –ycha
Ü«∞ƒù –ybha
Ü«∞˚ –yja
Ü«∞‡ –yma
Ü«~°≠ ∞ –yjha
Ü«∞º –yya
Ü«∞ì –yta.
„Ü«∞ –yra
Ü«∞ª –ytha .
Ü«∞¡ –yla
Ü«∞¤ –yda .
Ü«∞§ –yla.
Ü«∞ –ydha .
Ü«∞fi –yva
Ü«∞‚ –yna .
Ü«∞≈ –ysa´
Ü«∞Î –yta
Ü«∞¬ –ysa .
Ü«∞÷ –ytha
Ü«∞û –ysa
Ü«∞Ì –yda
Ü«∞› –yha 119
VOTTULU for "ra" consonant
'~°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ~°¯ – rka
~°ú –
rdha
~°ö –
rkha
~°fl –
rna
~°æ –
rga
~°Ê – rpa
~°… –
rgha
~°Êù – rpha
~°Û – rca
~°ƒ – rba
~°Ûù – rcha
~°ƒù – rbha
~°˚ –
rja
~°‡ – rma
~°~°≠ –
rjha
~°º – rya
~°ì –
rta .
„~° –
rra
~°ª –
rtha .
~°¡ –
rla
~°¤ –
rda .
~°§ – rla.
~° –
rdha .
~°fi – rva
~°‚ –
rna
~°≈ – rsa´
~°Î –
rta
~°¬ –
rsa .
~°÷ –
rtha
~°û –
rsa
~°Ì –
rda
~°› –
rha
120
.
VOTTULU for "la" consonant
ů – lka Åö –
lkha
Åæ –
lga
Å… – lgha ÅÛ – lca ÅÛù – lcha Å˚ –
lja
Å~°≠ –
ljha
Åì –
lta .
Ū –
ltha .
Ť –
lda .
Å–
ldha .
Å‚ –
lna .
ÅÎ –
lta
Å÷ –
ltha
ÅÌ –
lda
'Å— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Åú – ldha Åfl – lna ÅÊ – lpa ÅÊù – lpha Ń – lba Ńù – lbha Ň – lma ź – lya „Å – lra Å¡ – lla ŧ – lla. Åfi – lva Å≈ – lsa´ Ŭ – lsa. Åû – lsa Å› – lha 121
VOTTULU for "la" consonant .
'à◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice à◊¯ – .lka
à◊ú –
à◊ö –
.lkha
à◊fl – .lna
à◊æ –
.lga
à◊Ê – .lpa
à◊… –
.lgha
à◊Êù – .lpha
.ldha
à◊Û – .lca
à◊ƒ – .lba
à◊Ûù – .lcha
à◊ƒù – .lbha
à◊˚ –
.lja
à◊‡ – .lma
~°≠
à◊ –
.ljha
à◊º – .lya
à◊ì –
. .lta
„à◊ – .lra
à◊ª –
. .ltha
à◊¡ –
.lla
à◊¤ –
. .lda
à◊§–
. .lla
à◊ –
. .ldha
à◊fi – .lva
à◊‚ –
. .lna
à◊≈ – .lsa´
à◊Î –
.lta
à◊¬ –
à◊÷ –
.ltha
à◊û – .lsa
à◊Ì –
.lda
à◊› – .lha
122
. .lsa
VOTTULU for "va" consonant
'=— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice =¯ – vka
=ú –
=ö –
vkha
=fl – vna
=æ –
vga
=Ê – vpa
=… –
vgha
=Êù – vpha
vdha
=Û – vca
=ƒ – vba
=Ûù – vcha
=ƒù – vbha
=˚ –
vja
=‡ – vma
=~°≠ –
vjha
=º – vya
=ì –
vta .
„= – vra
=ª –
vtha .
=¡ –
vla
=¤ –
vda
=§–
vla .
=–
vdha
.
=fi – vva
=‚ –
vna
=≈ – vsa´
=Î –
vta
=¬ –
=÷ –
vtha
=û – vsa
=Ì –
vda
=› – vha
.
.
vsa .
123
´ VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'â◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ´ â◊¯ – ska
â◊ú –
´ sdha
â◊ö –
´ skha
â◊fl –
´ sna
â◊æ –
´ sga
´ â◊Ê – spa
â◊… –
´ sgha
´ â◊Êù – spha
â◊Û –
´ sca
â◊ƒ –
´ sba
´ â◊Ûù – scha
´ â◊ƒù – sbha
â◊˚ –
´ sja
´ â◊‡ – sma
â◊ –
´ sjha
´ â◊º – sya
â◊ì –
´ sta .
„â◊ –
´ sra
â◊ª –
´ stha .
â◊¡
´ sla
â◊¤ –
´ sda
â◊§–
â◊ –
´ sdha .
´ â◊fi – sva
â◊‚ –
´ sna .
â◊≈ –
´´ ssa
â◊Î –
´ sta
â◊¬ –
´ ssa .
â◊÷ –
´ stha
´ â◊û – ssa
â◊Ì –
´ sda
â◊› –
~°≠
124
.
–
´ sla .
´ sha
VOTTULU for "sa" consonant .
'+¨— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice +¨¯ – ska .
+¨ú –
+¨ö –
skha
.
+¨fl – sna .
+¨æ –
sga
.
+¨Ê – spa .
+¨… –
sgha
+¨Êù – spha .
.
sdha
.
+¨Û – sca .
+¨ƒ – sba .
+¨Ûù – scha .
+¨ƒù – sbha .
+¨˚ –
sja
.
+¨‡ – sma .
~°≠
+¨ –
sjha .
+¨º – sya .
+¨ì –
sta ..
„+¨ –
+¨ª –
stha
..
+¨¡
+¨¤ –
sda
..
+¨§ – sla ..
+¨ –
sdha ..
+¨fi – sva .
+¨‚ –
sna
..
´ +¨≈ – ssa .
+¨Î –
sta .
+¨¬ –
+¨÷ –
stha
.
+¨û – ssa .
+¨Ì –
sda
+¨› – sha .
.
sra
.
– sla .
ssa
..
125
VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'㨗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice 㨯 – ska
ã¨ú –
ã¨ö –
skha
ã¨fl – sna
ã¨æ –
sga
ã¨Ê – spa
㨅 –
sgha
ã¨Êù – spha
sdha
ã¨Û – sca
㨃 – sba
ã¨Ûù – scha
㨃ù – sbha
ã¨˚ –
sja
㨇 – sma
ã¨~°≠ –
sjha
㨺 – sya
ã¨ì –
sta
„㨠–
sra
㨪 –
stha
㨡
sla
㨤 –
sda
.
㨧 – sla.
㨠–
sdha .
ã¨fi – sva
㨂 –
sna
ã¨≈ – ssa´
ã¨Î –
sta
㨬 –
ã¨÷ –
stha
ã¨û – ssa
ã¨Ì –
sda
㨛 – sha
126
.
.
.
–
ssa .
VOTTULU for "ha" consonant
'Ǩϗ ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ǩϯ –hka
ǨÏú – hdha
ǨÏö – hkha
ǨÏfl –hna
ǨÏæ – hga
ǨÏÊ –hpa
Ǩυ – hgha
ǨÏÊù –hpha
ǨÏÛ –hca
Ǩσ –hba
ǨÏÛù –hcha
Ǩσù –hbha
ǨÏ˚ – hja
Ǩχ –hma
Ǩ~°≠Ï – hjha
ǨϺ –hya
ǨÏì – hta.
„Ç¨Ï – hra
ǨϪ – htha .
Ǩϡ – hla
ǨϤ – hda .
Ǩϧ– hla.
Ç¨Ï – hdha .
ǨÏfi –hva
Ǩς – hna .
ǨÏ≈ – hsa´
ǨÏÎ – hta
ǨϬ – hsa.
ǨÏ÷ – htha
ǨÏû – hsa
ǨÏÌ – hda
Ǩϛ – hha 127
QÆ = ∞xHõ V,&,}, Hõ,∆ é – D JHõ~∆ åÅ "˘`«∞Å Î ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù HÍ|\˜ì g\˜H˜ ã¨O|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ~∆ åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË^∞Œ . NOTE The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz., . ~ n, n, n, . ksha, r. are not given since they are not in much usage. 128