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Download A key circuit use in modern communication is voltage control oscillator VCO's output is a AC waveform whose frequency is dependent upon the input voltages. In today's wireless communication system, greater maximum frequency requi
Download EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. This Major Qualifying Project involves the design of a voltage controlled oscillator. (VCO) for radio-frequency (RF) applications. Voltage controlled oscillators are electronic circuits designed to produce a periodic
Download A key circuit use in modern communication is voltage control oscillator VCO's output is a AC waveform whose frequency is dependent upon the input voltages. In today's wireless communication system, greater maximum frequency requi
Download EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. This Major Qualifying Project involves the design of a voltage controlled oscillator. (VCO) for radio-frequency (RF) applications. Voltage controlled oscillators are electronic circuits designed to produce a periodic
Download VCO Introduction. HYBRID VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATORS. Introduction. Spectrum Microwave VCOs span 25 MHz to 18 GHz. Varactor tuning diodes are carefully characterized to insure excellent linearity. Eutectic substrate and die attachme
Download VCO Introduction. HYBRID VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATORS. Introduction. Spectrum Microwave VCOs span 25 MHz to 18 GHz. Varactor tuning diodes are carefully characterized to insure excellent linearity. Eutectic substrate and die attachme
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Download 8 Sep 1999 ... A. Narrow band VCO's generally have better phase noise than wide band VCO's. For example, Mini-. Circuits narrow band model JCOS-1100LN exhibits a phase noise of -150dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset compared to -136dBc/Hz for
Download The Frequency or pitch of the VCO is determined by the position of the octave ( Range) switch and tuning. (Tune) knob, and by the voltage present at the CV inputs. Frequency modulation (FM) of the VCO is therefore a possibility. Footage (
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Download Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO). V. C f osc f min f max slope = K vco. Desirable characteristics: • Monotonic f osc vs. V. C characteristic with adequate frequency range. • Well-defined K vco φout = K vco s +K. PD. K vco. F(s)/N. ⋅φV
Download Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO). V. C f osc f min f max slope = K vco. Desirable characteristics: • Monotonic f osc vs. V. C characteristic with adequate frequency range. • Well-defined K vco φout = K vco s +K. PD. K vco. F(s)/N. ⋅φV
Download Description. The PE2V003 is a High Reliability Low Noise Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) which covers a 500 MHz to 1,000 MHz frequency band with a voltage tuning range from 0V to 19V. This design features exceptional phase noise pe
Download 25 Feb 2014 ... JURNAL MIPA UNSRAT ONLINE 3 (1) 44-48. *Corresponding author: Jurusan Kimia FMIPA ... Kualitas Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Sebagai Minyak. Goreng yang Dibuat dengan Metode Pengadukan dengan ... memandang perlu dilakukan pe
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Download 8 Sep 1999 ... A. Narrow band VCO's generally have better phase noise than wide band VCO's. For example, Mini-. Circuits narrow band model JCOS-1100LN exhibits a phase noise of -150dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset compared to -136dBc/Hz for
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Download The Frequency or pitch of the VCO is determined by the position of the octave ( Range) switch and tuning. (Tune) knob, and by the voltage present at the CV inputs. Frequency modulation (FM) of the VCO is therefore a possibility. Footage (
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Download 25 Feb 2014 ... JURNAL MIPA UNSRAT ONLINE 3 (1) 44-48. 45. (2011) menyatakan bahwa VCO yang dibuat dengan metode pengadukan dan VCO yang dibuat dengan metode pemanasan bertahap mengandung komponen tak tersabunkan yaitu α- tokoferol. Mes
Download Vishal Saxena. -2-. Contents. ❑. VCO voltage tuning range. ❑. Frequency pushing. ❑. Phase noise. Note: the simulation results shown are not optimized, and provided only for simulation guidance purpose.
Download Vishal Saxena. -2-. Contents. ❑. VCO voltage tuning range. ❑. Frequency pushing. ❑. Phase noise. Note: the simulation results shown are not optimized, and provided only for simulation guidance purpose.
Get Rid of Specification Loopholes – Little Openings with Big Consequences
Presented by Betsy Bratton, CPPB, VCO Statewide Contract Officer Department of General Services Division of Purchases and Supply
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Specification Loopholes – Little Holes with BIG Consequences Loopholes are an ambiguity or omission in the text through which the intent of a contract or obligation may be evaded, intentionally or unintentionally. Loopholes are the effect of specification writing pitfalls. If you avoid specification writing pitfalls, you can avoid opening loopholes through misinterpretation.
Consequences of Loopholes
Wasted Effort Rework Increased Cost Contract Changes Lost Time Work Stoppage Delays
Omission of information Inaccuracies Clichés Acronyms Assumptions
Conflicting information Writer’s blindness Use of unclear pronouns Use of vague and ambiguous language Use of passive voice
Pitfalls (cont’d) Use of unclear pronouns Example: Agency A is soliciting proposals from vendors to provide lawn care services. They will be responsible for providing all lawn maintenance equipment. Clearer: Agency A is soliciting proposals from vendors to provide lawn care services. The contractor will be responsible for providing all lawn maintenance equipment.
Pitfalls (cont’d)
Use of vague and ambiguous language Ambiguity means that a single reader can interpret the requirement in more than one way or that multiple readers come to different interpretations.
Pitfalls (cont’d) Example of ambiguous language: The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number of employees to provide janitorial services during the event. Clearer: The Contractor shall provide ten employees to provide janitorial services during the event.
Pitfalls (cont’d) Example of ambiguous language: The flange shall be fastened by gluing and clamping or riveting. Clearer: The flange shall be fastened by gluing and clamping or by riveting.
Pitfalls (cont’d) Some examples of ambiguous words: “RUN” – has 67 different meanings “ANY” “INCLUDE”
Pitfalls (cont’d) Use of passive voice: Simply stated, passive voice is: The subject of the sentence is not active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb (is passive).
Use of Active Voice Use of Active Voice Simply stated, active voice is: The subject of the sentence performs (ACTS ON) the action expressed in the verb.
Active and Passive Voice Examples Examples: Active Voice: Marilyn mailed the letter. who
did
what
Passive Voice: The letter was mailed by Marilyn. what
did
who
Passive Voice (worse): The letter was mailed. what
did
Active and Passive Voice Examples Specification Example Passive Voice: The project timeline deliverable must be completed by November 30, 2009. Active Voice (clearer): The contractor shall complete the project timeline deliverable by November 30, 2009.
Active and Passive Voice Examples
Specification Example Passive Voice: The following documents must be submitted. Active Voice (clearer): The Contractor shall submit the following documents.
Active and Passive Voice Examples Specification Example Passive Voice (with Ambiguous Words): The work shall be performed by competent technicians who are employees of the Contractor and familiar with the specific equipment.
Active and Passive Voice Examples Active Voice Without Ambiguities (clearer): The Contractor shall provide factory trained and certified technicians to perform the work. Technicians shall be employees of the Contractor. Technicians shall have a minimum of one continuous year of actual field experience repairing the same make and model of equipment covered by this contract.
