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Chapter Test A MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
1.What molecule carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions? a. ADP b. ATP c. NAD d. NADP
5.The water molecules labeled A in Figure 4.1 are going to the thylakoids to take part in which process?
2.Which of the following molecules found in the food we eat is most commonly broken down to make ATP? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. vitamins FIG. 4.1
3.Which of the following directly provides the energy needed for cell functions? a. A phosphate group is removed from ATP. b. ADP loses a phosphate group. c. Electrons are passed to proteins. d. Oxygen picks up electrons.
6.Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis? a. O2 b. C6H12O6 c. CO2 d. COOH
4.Chemosynthesis is a process through which some organisms use energy from chemicals in their environment to build sugars in the absence of a. ATP. b. water. c. glucose. d. sunlight.
7.Where in plant cells are the energyabsorbing molecules for photosynthesis located? a. stroma b. thylakoids c. ATP synthase d. mitochondria
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12.In which process is lactic acid formed when there is not enough oxygen present for cellular respiration to take place? a. ATP synthase b. photosystem I c. glycolysis d. fermentation
8.The part of cellular respiration that needs oxygen takes place inside the a. nucleus. b. mitochondria. c. thylakoid. d. cytoplasm. 9.Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation? sugars oxygen dioxide water a. cellular respiration b. photosynthesis c. glycolysis d. fermentation
13.Before cellular respiration, glucose must be broken down by the process of a. photosynthesis. b. glycolysis. c. electron transport. d. fermentation. 14.Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. lactic acid d. glucose
10.Which of the following statements is true for all cells? a. They use solar energy. b. They use photosynthesis. c. They use ATP for energy. d. They use chemosynthesis.
15.Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis? a. sunlight b. heat from hydrothermal vents c. chemical compounds d. amino acids
11.Energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it a. has a phosphate group removed. b. stores an extra phosphate group. c. converts a phosphate group to ADP. d. produces a sugar molecule.
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16.Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis? a. Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars. b. Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane. c. Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide. d. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy.
19.In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, a. CO2 enters the Calvin cycle and sugars are made. b. H2O is broken down and oxygen is released. c. NADPH is produced and transferred to photosystem I. d. electrons are energized and used to pump H ions. 20.Which of the following types of organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs? a. eukaryotes b. plants only c. animals only d. prokaryotes
17.The main light-absorbing molecules found in plant leaves are called a. chloroplasts. b. thylakoids. c. chlorophyll. d. grana. 18. Which of the following takes place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? a. Sugars are made. b. Energy is captured. c. Chlorophyll is pumped. d. CO2 is formed.
21.Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present? a. anaerobic respiration b. aerobic respiration c. glycolysis d. photosynthesis 22.Two products of the Krebs cycle are a. H2O and CO2. b. ATP and CO2. c. ATP and O2. d. ADP and H2O
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23.Which phrase best describes the main role of fermentation? a. converts glucose into pyruvate and NADH b. produces lactic acid to counteract an oxygen deficit c. allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of ATP d. allowing anaerobic production of ADP 24. Why is the photosynthesis equation often written with several arrows? a. Because many enzymes are added to the reactants to make the products. b. Because many chemical reactions occur with the help of many enzymes. c Because many reactants can enter into the photosynthesis reaction. d. Because many products can be made from the photosynthesis reaction.
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Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
FIG. 4.3
25. Write a simple title for the diagram above. _______________________________________________________________ 26. What does the large zigzagging arrow represent? _______________________________________________________________ 27. Name one high-energy molecule shown in the diagram that is used as an energy-carrier. _______________________________________________________________ 28. What is the structure where light-dependent reactions take place? Describe the main function of the processes that occur in this structure. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 29. What is the name of the cycle represented by a circle in the diagram? Where does the carbon dioxide necessary for this process come from? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
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Put the letter for each of the following six statements into the appropriate list to identify the roles of different types of molecules when they are broken down to make ATP.
a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person’s body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates Type of Molecule
30.
Role in ATP Production
Carbohydrates
4 calories per mg 31.
Lipids
9 calories per mg 32.
Proteins
9 calories 4 calories per mg
33. Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis on your answer sheet.
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