Download Range 7-17% (average 12%) of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance. • One plant buys pump power 37%. • Salton Sea has large expenses, filter cake disposal, water purchase, process chemicals and cooling tower chemicals. • Bi
Download Range 7-17% (average 12%) of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance. • One plant buys pump power 37%. • Salton Sea has large expenses, filter cake disposal, water purchase, process chemicals and cooling tower chemicals. • Bi
2 | The STP Guide – Design, Operation and Maintenance | 3 Design, Operation and Maintenance Author Dr. Ananth S. Kodavasal Editor Nagesh
Download The following is the COST ACCOUNTING STANDARD – 12 (CAS - 12) issued by the Council of The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India on “REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE. COST”. In this Standard, the standard portions have been set in bo
Download The following is the COST ACCOUNTING STANDARD – 12 (CAS - 12) issued by the Council of The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India on “REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE. COST”. In this Standard, the standard portions have been set in bo
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General Information General All single and two bearing units are manufactured with cast iron end brackets and adapters and fabricated steel frames
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INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS ... is a function of the pump design and therefore varies with the model, ... foundation bolts snugly,
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Download Preliminary remarks. Maintenance Cost Task Force (MCTF) collects maintenance cost data from airlines worldwide on an annual basis. The goals of MCTF are to provide the tools, methodology and definitions to be able to determine how much
Download Preliminary remarks. Maintenance Cost Task Force (MCTF) collects maintenance cost data from airlines worldwide on an annual basis. The goals of MCTF are to provide the tools, methodology and definitions to be able to determine how much
Download Preliminary remarks. Maintenance Cost Task Force (MCTF) collects maintenance cost data from airlines worldwide on an annual basis. The goals of MCTF are to provide the tools, methodology and definitions to be able to determine how much
Download (7) Page 5 Građevinar 4/2012 297 GRAĐEVINAR 64 (2012) 4, 293-303 Analysis of buildings operation and maintenance costs Mc - maintenance cost (reactive and preventive) Rc - replacement cost Dc - disposal cost N - number of years (expected lif
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Operation & Maintenance Cost Drivers Dr. Dan Hoyer GRC 2016
Five Plants Revenue Small and large plants Binary and flash 2 years data 140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 Variable Expenses
Other Expenses
Net Revenue
Expense Drivers Payroll & Benefits
4% 7%
Administrative & General
Variable Operations
11% 35%
Plant Systems
Royality
18% Fixed Operations
25%
Payroll and Benefits • Salary and overhead • Range 20-48% of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance • $10-12 /Megawatt hour (MWhr) smaller plants • $3-5 /MWhr bigger plants
Administration & General (A&G) Expense • Property tax and insurance (94% of the G&A budget) • Accounting, audits, consultants for bank and other (4% of G&A budget) • Range of 12-35% of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance • Operations has little influence
Variable Operations Expense • Costs that change with changes in brine flow or generation Chemicals cooling tower, scale inhibition Back feed power quantity
Water purchase quantity Fuel
Royalties
• Range 7-17% (average 12%) of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance • One plant buys pump power 37% • Salton Sea has large expenses, filter cake disposal, water purchase, process chemicals and cooling tower chemicals • Binary and large flash plant has lower variable expense $1.1 -$2.8 MWhr • Operations can influence chemical costs through supply and services contract negotiations
Corrosion Mitigation and Chemical Skids
Fixed Operations Expense • Those costs that do not change with changes in brine flow or generation Water purchase capacity Laboratory supplies
Environmental regulatory consulting Oil & lubricants Back feed power capacity charge
Permit fees Equipment rentals
• Range 7-34% of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance • $0.4-0.9/MWhr • Operations can influence back feed power capacity charges
Remaining Expenses • Plant Systems – Planned and forced outage maintenance – Range 7-15% of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance
• Royalty – Range 4-9% of expense not including Wells and Major Maintenance
Major Maintenance (MM) Plant Overhaul • 127-143% annual maintenance expense increase due to MM • 1-3 year cycles • Banks normally require MM reserve fund • Extending MM from 3 to 4 years reduces MM life cost by 20% and increases revenue slightly • Operations can influence the length, the frequency of MM • Techniques to measure performance include mean time to failure, Root Cause Analysis • Capital projects, spare rotor, generator may be required
Plant Well Systems Event Driven • Down hole pump maintenance, scale cleanouts » $500k Pump pulls
• Scale cleanouts » $85k hydro-blast » $150k coiled tubing mud motor » $1+ M rig
• Down hole pump maintenance $1 – 4/MWhr • Well repair can be expensive. Banks normally require well reserve fund. • Like MM extending the time between maintenance has strong expense and revenue impacts. Operations has some influence.
• Payroll and Benefits and A&G are largest component of expense @ 60%.
(MW)
– Operations has little influence 20
10
0
• Operations can have large impact by – Extending the time between Major Maintenance and Well Work – Reducing forced outage – Increased generation during peak hours