PENTAKSIRAN BERASASKAN SEKOLAH SOALAN-SOALAN LAZIM 1.0
KONSEP PENTAKSIRAN BERASASKAN SEKOLAH (PBS)
1.1
Apakah Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS)? PBS merupakan satu bentuk pentaksiran yang bersifat holistik iaitu menilai aspek kognitif (intelek), afektif (emosi dan rohani), psikomotor (jasmani) dan sosial selaras dengan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan. PBS ini mentaksir proses dan produk secara formatif dan sumatif iaitu mengamalkankonsep assessment for learning dan assessment of learning.
PBS mentaksir bidang akademik dan bidang bukan akademik. PBS merupakan satu bentuk pentaksiran yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak sekolah secara terancang mengikut prosedur yang ditetapkan oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan.
Komponen PBS terdiri daripada dua kategori iaitu akademik dan bukan akademik. Kategori akademik terdiri daripada Pentaksiran Sekolah (PS) dan Pentaksiran Pusat (PP), manakala kategori bukan akademik terdiri daripada Pentaksiran Psikometrik (PPsi) dan Pentaksiran Aktiviti Jasmani, Sukan dan Kokurikulum (PAJSK).
1.2
Adakah PBS sesuatu yang baharu? Tidak, PBS telah dilaksanakan oleh guru di sekolah seperti Penilaian Kerja Amali (PEKA), Ujian Lisan Berasaskan Sekolah (ULBS), Pentaksiran Lisan Berasaskan Sekolah (PLBS), Perkara Asas Fardu Ain (PAFA), projek, kuiz, soal-jawab, persembahan dan lain-lain.
1.3
Bilakah penambahbaikan PBS mula dilaksanakan? Penambaikan PBS dilaksanakan mulai Tahun 1 pada tahun 2011 dan Tingkatan 1 pada tahun 2012.
1.4
Apakah komponen PBS? Komponen PBS terdiri daripada dua kategori iaitu akademik dan bukan akademik. Kategori akademik terdiri daripada Pentaksiran Sekolah (PS) dan Pentaksiran Pusat (PP), manakala kategori bukan akademik terdiri daripada Pentaksiran Psikometrik (PPsi) dan Pentaksiran Aktiviti Jasmani, Sukan dan Kokurikulum (PAJSK).
1.5
Apakah penambahbaikan dalam PBS? KPM telah membuat beberapa penambahbaikan antaranya melaksanakan Pentaksiran Rujukan Standard, Pentaksiran Aktiviti Jasmani, Sukan dan Kokurikulum (PAJSK), Pentaksiran Psikometrik (PPsi) dan perekodan penguasaan murid dalam aplikasi Sistem Pengurusan PBS (SPPBS). PBS bertujuan untuk melihat kemajuan dan pertumbuhan pembelajaran serta pencapaian prestasi seseorang murid.
(growth)
2.0
PENTAKSIRAN SEKOLAH (PS)
2.1
Apakah Pentaksiran Sekolah (PS)? PS dirancang, dibina, ditadbir, diperiksa, direkod dan dilapor oleh guru. Guru menjalankan pentaksiran secara berterusan semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. PS dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pentaksiran formatif dan pentaksiran sumatif. Pentaksiran formatif yang dijalankan seiring dengan proses PdP. Manakala pentaksiran sumatif yang dijalankan pada akhir unit pembelajaran, penggal, bulan atau tahun.
PS berfungsi sebagai pentaksiran untuk pembelajaran (assessment for learning) dan pentaksiran tentang pembelajaran (assessment of learning).
2.2
Apakah pentaksiran rujukan standard? Pentaksiran Rujukan Standard melaporkan prestasi atau tahap penguasaan murid dalam pembelajaran dengan merujuk kepada pernyataan standard bagi setiap mata pelajaran. Pernyataan standard ini ditetapkan mengikut tahaptahap penguasaan seperti yang dihasratkan dalam dokumen kurikulum. Dalam pentaksiran ini, standard prestasi digunakan untuk melihat kemajuan dan pertumbuhan (growth) pembelajaran serta pencapaian prestasi seseorang murid.
2.3
Apakah kelebihan pentaksiran rujukan standard? Pentaksiran Rujukan Standard melaporkan prestasi atau tahap penguasaan murid dalam pembelajaran. Murid dinilai secara adil dan saksama sebagai individu berdasarkan keupayaan, kebolehan, bakat, kemahiran dan potensi diri tanpa dibandingkan dengan orang lain.
2.4
Apakah Dokumen Standard Prestasi (DSP)? Dokumen Standard Prestasi (DSP) mengandungi panduan untuk mentaksir dan melapor penguasaan murid mengikut tahap-tahap pencapaian seperti yang dihasratkan dalam dokumen kurikulum. Dokumen ini merangkumi band, pernyataan standard, deskriptor dan evidens.
2.5
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan band, pernyataan standard, dan deskriptor? Band adalah tahap penguasaan murid. Band 6 adalah band tertinggi manakala Band 1 adalah band terendah. Pernyataan Standard adalah prestasi atau tahap penguasaan murid secara umum dalam pembelajaran. Deskriptor adalah pernyataan tentang tingkah laku terperinci yang boleh diperhati dan diukur dalam menentukan prestasi atau tahap penguasaan murid dalam pembelajaran.
2.6
Bilakah DSP digunakan? DSP digunakan untuk mentaksir murid semasa proses P&P. Dokumen Kurikulum digunakan oleh guru untuk mengajar.
2.7
Apakah fungsi DSP? DSP dibina sebagai panduan untuk guru menambahbaik Pentaksiran Sekolah sejajar dengan pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Rujukan Standard.
2.8
Adakah instrumen PS perlu diselaraskan antara murid, kelas dan sekolah? Instrumen PS tidak perlu diselaraskan kerana guru perlu mempelbagaikan instrumen mengikut kesesuaian murid.
2.9
Apakah Standard Prestasi? Standard prestasi merupakan satu pernyataan yang menerangkan tentang tahap-tahap penguasaan seseorang murid dalam sesuatu bidang atau mata pelajaran yang dipelajari. Dalam satu tempoh pembelajaran, murid ditaksir berdasarkan penanda aras (benchmark) yang terdapat dalam standard prestasi. Guru menggunakan standard prestasi sebagai rujukan untuk menentukan aktiviti pentaksiran dilaksanakan secara adil dan berfokus.
2.10
Adakah seseorang murid itu mesti menguasai setiap deskriptor untuk menentukan band yang dicapainya? Ya, murid mesti menguasai setiap deskriptor untuk menentukan band yang dicapainya. Penguasaan setiap deskriptor membuktikan murid telah menguasai semua standard kandungan/hasil pembelajaran bagi band berkenaan.
2.11
Adakah murid boleh ditaksir pada band yang lebih tinggi walaupun dia belum menguasai setiap deskriptor dalam band terdahulu? Boleh, murid boleh ditaksir pada band yang lebih tinggi walaupun dia belum menguasai setiap deskriptor dalam band terdahulu kerana guru mengajar berdasarkan Dokumen Standard Kurikulum (DSK)/Sukatan Pelajaran. Walau bagaimanapun, murid perlu menunjukkan evidens lisan atau bertulis atau bahan yang membuktikan bahawa murid telah menguasai deskriptor dalam band yang terdahulu. Evidens boleh dikemukakan dalam bentuk bahan atau murid itu sendiri.
2.12
Adakah sekolah perlu melaksanakan PEKA, PLBS/ULBS dan kerja kursus Kemahiran Hidup Bersepadu (KHB) Tingkatan 1? PEKA dan PLBS/ULBS perlu dilaksanakan sebagai sebahagian daripada PS. Kerja kursus bagi KHB tidak perlu dilaksanakan di Tingkatan 1 mulai tahun 2012.
2.13
Adakah LINUS boleh digunakan dalam Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah? Tidak boleh kerana LINUS merupakan satu program untuk mengenal pasti murid yang tidak menguasai kemahiran membaca, menulis dan mengira (3M). PBS pula ialah satu pendekatan pentaksiran yang merangkumi komponen akademik dan bukan akademik. Ia merupakan satu proses pentaksiran yang berterusan dan dilaksanakan di sepanjang proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran.
2.14
Perlukah Ujian Bulanan dan Peperiksaan Akhir Tahun diadakan? Bergantung kepada keperluan / objektif / tujuan ujian tersebut diadakan. Sekiranya bertujuan mendapatkan kedudukan murid, skop ujian boleh merentasi semua konteks dan konstruk (pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang diukur) dalam mata pelajaran tersebut. Sekiranya JK PBS sekolah memutuskan untuk mendapatkan kedudukan bagi murid-murid dalam band-band tertentu, soalan atau tugasan ujian tersebut hendaklah berdasarkan evidens dalam dokumen standard prestasi.
2.15
Adakah murid yang belum menguasai kemahiran/pengetahuan dalam PS perlu ditaksir semula? Murid perlu ditaksir semula pengetahuan/kemahiran dalam PS.
2.16
sehingga
murid
menguasai
Bolehkah Guru Sandaran Tidak Terlatih (GSTT) menjadi pentaksir? Boleh, kerana GSTT telah dilantik untuk melaksanakan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di bilik darjah. Pentaksiran hendaklah dijalankan oleh guru yang mengajar.
3.0
PENTAKSIRAN PUSAT (PP)
3.1
Apakah Pentaksiran Pusat (PP)? PP adalah pentaksiran yang dilaksanakan di sekolah dengan peraturan pentaksiran, instrumen pentaksiran, tugasan, garis panduan, peraturan penskoran, penggredan dan pelaporan dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan (LP).
3.2
Apakah jenis tugasan PP? Terdapat dua jenis tugasan PP iaitu tugasan jangka panjang dan tugasan jangka pendek. Tugasan jangka panjang dilaksanakan dalam tempoh 3 hingga 4 minggu dan tugasan jangka pendek dilaksanakan dalam tempoh 2 minggu.
3.3
Bilakah PP dilaksanakan dalam PBS? PP bagi sekolah rendah dilaksanakan pada Tahap 2. PP bagi sekolah menengah dilaksanakan pada Tingkatan 2 dan Tingkatan 3.
3.4
Bolehkah PP dilaksanakan secara berkumpulan? Tugasan boleh dilaksanakan secara berkumpulan tetapi penskoran diberikan secara individu.
4.0
PENTAKSIRAN AKTIVITI JASMANI, SUKAN DAN KOKURIKULUM (PAJSK)
4.1
Apakah Pentaksiran Aktiviti Jasmani, Sukan dan Kokurikulum (PAJSK)? PAJSK adalah pentaksiran yang ditadbir, direkod dan dilaporkan melalui penyertaan, penglibatan dan pencapaian murid dalam aktiviti sukan, kokurikulum dan ekstra kurikulum. Manakala Standard Kecergasan Fizikal Kebangsaan (SEGAK) dan Body Mass Index (BMI) dilaksanakan untuk menilai dan melaporkan aktiviti fizikal murid.
4.2
Bilakah PAJSK dilaksanakan dalam PBS? PAJSK bagi sekolah rendah dilaksanakan pada Tahun 4 mulai 2014, Tahun 5 mulai 2015 dan Tahun 6 mulai 2016. PAJSK bagi sekolah menengah dilaksanakan pada Tingkatan 1 mulai 2012, Tingkatan 2 mulai 2013, Tingkatan 3 mulai 2014, Tingkatan 4 mulai 2015 dan Tingkatan 5 mulai 2016.
5.0
PENTAKSIRAN PSIKOMETRIK (PPsi)
5.1
Apakah Pentaksiran Psikometrik (PPsi)? PPsi dilaksanakan di sekolah untuk mengukur kebolehan semula jadi dan kebolehan yang diperoleh, kemahiran berfikir, kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah, minat kerjaya, kecenderungan, sikap dan personaliti murid. Pentaksiran ini tidak berasaskan kurikulum dan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran.
5.2
Bilakah PPsi dilaksanakan dalam PBS? PPsi bagi sekolah rendah dilaksanakan pada Tahun 4 mulai 2014 dan Tahun 6 mulai 2016. PPsi bagi sekolah menengah dilaksanakan pada Tingkatan 1 mulai 2012, Tingkatan 3 mulai 2014, Tingkatan 4 mulai 2015 dan Tingkatan 5 mulai 2016.
5.3
Apakah kaitan antara Pentaksiran Sekolah?
Psikometrik
dengan
Pentaksiran
Maklumat yang diperoleh daripada Pentaksiran Psikometrik boleh digunakan oleh guru untuk menyesuai dan mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran, pembelajaran serta pembinaan instrumen PS.
6.0
6.1
PENGOPERASIAN PBS
Bagaimanakah pengoperasian PBS dilaksanakan di sekolah? Pengoperasian PBS hendaklah dilaksanakan berdasarkan dokumen Panduan Pengurusan PBS, surat pekeliling dan surat siaran PBS yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan.
6.2
Bagaimanakah keahlian JK PBS Sekolah di Sekolah Kurang Murid? Seorang guru perlu memegang lebih daripada satu portfolio dalam JK PBS Sekolah.
6.3
Perlukah murid yang baru pulang dari bermastautin di luar negara/tidak hadir ke sekolah melaksanakan PS yang terdahulu? Tidak perlu kerana PS dilaksanakan semasa pengajaran dan pembelajaran.
6.4
Perlukah murid yang baru pulang dari bermastautin di luar negara/tidak hadir ke sekolah melaksanakan PP yang lepas? PP dilaksanakan mengikut jadual yang ditetapkan oleh LP. PP tidak boleh dilaksanakan selepas tamat tempoh yang dijadualkan.
6.5
Adakah murid dibenarkan memohon pengecualian dari melaksanakan PBS? Tidak timbul isu pengecualian kerana pentaksiran dijalankan mengikut tahap pencapaian murid semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran.
6.6
Bagaimanakah pelaksanaan PBS bagi murid dari golongan OKU? Murid akan ditaksir dan dinilai menggunakan standard prestasi khas dan mekanisme yang sesuai. Pentadbir sekolah hendaklah menyediakan segala keperluan khas murid berkenaan seperti perkhidmatan, peralatan atau perisian khas dalam pentaksiran PBS.
6.7
Bolehkah pentaksiran yang dibuat oleh guru dipercayai? Boleh kerana guru merupakan orang yang paling layak untuk mentaksir murid masing-masing kerana mereka:
merupakan pakar mata pelajaran (subject matter expert) telah menerima latihan dalam pentaksiran boleh memantau perkembangan murid secara berterusan boleh memberi maklum balas yang membina untuk penambahbaikan pembelajaran murid lebih memahami konteks yang sesuai dengan persekitaran dan perkembangan murid mentaksir dan memberi maklum balas berpandukan standard prestasi
Integriti guru dikawal melalui proses penjaminan kualiti yang merangkumi pementoran, penyelarasan, pemantauan dan pengesanan.
7.0
PENGURUSAN EVIDENS MURID
7.1
Apakah evidens? Evidens terbahagi kepada dua iaitu evidens murid dan evidens bahan. Evidens murid merujuk kepada keupayaan sebenar murid tentang apa yang dia tahu dan boleh buat secara lisan atau perlakuan. Evidens bahan merujuk kepada apa-apa bukti produk atau proses seperti foto, grafik, artifak, laporan dan lain-lain yang dihasilkan oleh murid dalam melaksanakan sesuatu tugasan.
7.2
Di manakah evidens disimpan? Evidens bahan hendaklah disimpan dalam Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM) dan Fail Showcase (FS).
7.3
Apakah Fail Perkembangan Murid? Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM) ialah fail yang menyimpan evidens perkembangan pembelajaran murid. Seorang murid mempunyai satu FPM yang mengandungi evidens semua mata pelajaran. Setiap evidens hendaklah direkodkan dalam Borang Rekod Perkembangan Murid. FPM menyimpan evidens terkini bagi setiap deskriptor. Evidens terdahulu dikembalikan kepada murid.
7.4
Perlukah soalan dari buku teks dan buku aktiviti dibuat salinan dan dimasukkan ke dalam FPM? Tidak perlu, memadai dengan guru merekodkan penguasaan murid dalam Borang Rekod Perkembangan Murid dan SPPBS.
7.5
Siapakah yang bertanggungjawab mengemaskini FPM? Guru mata pelajaran bertanggungjawab mengemaskini evidens PS. Guru tingkatan bertanggungjawab mengemaskini evidens PAJSK.
7.6
Adakah FPM SULIT? FPM tidak sulit kerana ia boleh diakses oleh pihak yang berkepentingan bagi melihat penguasaan murid dalam pengetahuan/kemahiran.
7.7
Apakah evidens bagi kemahiran Mendengar dan Bertutur? Murid itu sendiri adalah evidens bagi kemahiran mendengar dan bertutur. Murid boleh berinteraksi dan bertindak balas dengan betul dalam situasi yang berbeza.
7.8
Apakah Fail Showcase (FS)? Fail Showcase (FS) ialah fail yang menyimpan setiap evidens terbaik bagi semua deskriptor untuk semua mata pelajaran. FS hendaklah dijadikan rujukan piawaian evidens. FS hendaklah disediakan mengikut tahun/tingkatan atau kelas.
7.9
Bolehkah FS disediakan di hujung tahun? Tidak boleh, FS perlu disediakan bermula dari awal tahun kerana pengajaran, pembelajaran dan pentaksiran berjalan secara berterusan. FS perlu dikemaskini sepanjang tahun.
7.10
Bilakah evidens Pentaksiran Sekolah murid boleh dilupuskan? Evidens hendaklah diserah semula kepada murid setelah direkod dalam aplikasi Sistem Pengurusan Pentaksiran Beasaskan Sekolah (SPPBS). Evidens yang tidak dituntut oleh murid boleh dilupuskan selepas dua minggu daripada tempoh direkod dalam aplikasi SPPBS.
8.0
PENJAMINAN KUALITI
8.1
Apakah maksud penjaminan kualiti? Penjaminan kualiti merupakan piawaian untuk menentukan kualiti pelaksanaan PBS mengikut garis panduan yang ditetapkan. Kualiti hendaklah menjadi keutamaan dalam semua aspek dan peringkat pentaksiran. Pentaksiran yang berkualiti akan menghasilkan maklumat yang tepat dan menunjukkan keadaan sebenar tentang tahap pembelajaran murid. Penjaminanan Kualiti dilakukan melalui Pementoran, Penyelarasan, Pemantauan dan Pengesanan.
8.2
Apakah pementoran? Pementoran dalam konteks Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS) adalah satu proses yang diijalankan untuk penjaminan kualiti bagi membantu, memudah cara, membimbing, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kefahaman guru untuk melaksanakan PBS mengikut prosedur dan garis panduan yang ditetapkan. Pementoran dalaman dilaksanakan oleh Guru Kanan Mata Pelajaran/Ketua Panitia, Jurulatih Utama, Guru Cemerlang, Pengetua/Guru Besar atau guru. Manakala pementoran luaran dilaksanakan oleh LP/JPN/PPD.
8.3
Apakah pemantauan? Pemantauan adalah satu proses penjaminan kualiti bagi memastikan pelaksanaan PBS mengikut prosedur dan garis panduan yang ditetapkan oleh LP. Kekerapan aktiviti pemantauan adalah sepanjang tempoh pelaksanaan PBS dan mengikut jadual yang ditentukan oleh JK PBS. Pemantauan dalaman dilaksanakan oleh Pentadbir Sekolah, Guru Kanan Mata Pelajaran/Ketua Panitia, Jurulatih Utama, Guru Cemerlang atau guru. Manakala pemantauan luaran dilaksanakan oleh LP/JPN/PPD/Bahagian di Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
8.4
Apakah penyelarasan? Penyelarasan adalah satu proses penjaminan kualiti untuk memastikan keseragaman pelaksanaan tugasan dan penskoran demi keadilan kepada calon serta kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan skor pentaksiran.
.
Penyelarasan dalaman dilaksanakan oleh Guru Kanan Mata Pelajaran/Ketua Panitia, Jurulatih Utama, Guru Cemerlang atau guru. Manakala penyelarasan luaran dilaksanakan oleh LP/JPN/PPD.
8.5
Apakah pengesanan? Pengesanan ialah proses menilai instrumen PBS yang bertujuan untuk: 1.
Mengenal pasti kekuatan, kelemahan dan kebolehlaksanaan instrumen pentaksiran.
2.
Menilai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen pentaksiran
3.
Mencadangkan penambahbaikan instrumen pentaksiran
Pengesanan dilaksanakan oleh Pegawai Lembaga Peperiksaan atau pegawai yang dilantik oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan.
8.6
Bolehkah sekolah melaksanakan silang pemantauan dengan sekolah berhampiran untuk tujuan kebaikan bersama? Boleh kerana kerjasama pelaksanaan PBS.
8.7
tersebut
akan
meningkatkan
keberkesanan
Bolehkah sekolah melaksanakan silang penyelarasan dengan sekolah berhampiran untuk tujuan kebaikan bersama? Boleh bagi menjamin kebolehpercayaan instrumen / tugasan yang digunakan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran.
9.0
SISTEM PENGURUSAN PENTAKSIRAN BERASASKAN SEKOLAH (SPPBS)
9.1
Apakah SPPBS? SPPBS adalah aplikasi sistem yang dibangunkan oleh KPM untuk merekod dan menyimpan maklumat penguasaan murid dalam PBS. Laporan prestasi murid boleh dijana dari aplikasi SPPBS.
9.2
Bilakah guru boleh merekodkan pencapaian PS dan PAJSK murid dalam SPPBS? Pencapaian PS boleh direkod pada bila-bila masa. Pencapaian PAJSK direkodkan berdasarkan jadual yang ditetapkan oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan.
9.3
Bagaimanakah pengurusan data murid yang berpindah dilaksanakan? Maklumat murid pindah perlu dibatalkan dalam Aplikasi Pangkalan Data Murid (APDM) oleh guru sekolah asal. Data murid boleh diakses melalui SPPBS apabila guru di sekolah baharu mendaftar maklumat murid tersebut dalam APDM.
9.4
Bagaimanakah sekolah yang tidak merekodkan data murid dalam SPPBS?
mempunyai
akses
internet
Kementerian juga menyediakan aplikasi SPPBS secara ‘stand alone’ untuk digunapakai oleh sekolah yang tidak mempunyai akses internet. CD ‘stand alone’ boleh diperoleh melalui JPN/PPD masing-masing.
9.5
Siapakah yang mengeluarkan laporan prestasi murid? Guru mata pelajaran boleh menjana laporan prestasi murid melalui aplikasi Sistem Pengurusan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (SPPBS).
9.6
Bolehkah murid mendapatkan laporan prestasi bila diperlukan? Boleh, laporan prestasi boleh diperoleh daripada guru mata pelajaran .
9.7
Bagaimanakah ibu bapa mendapat maklum balas tentang prestasi anak mereka? Laporan prestasi dapat dijana melalui SPPBS di sekolah pada bila-bila masa yang diperlukan. Laporan dalam bentuk deskriptif ini memberi maklumat tentang tahap penguasaan murid dalam pembelajaran.
SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1.
CONCEPT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT (PBS)
1.1
What is PBS? PBS is a holistic form of assessment which assesses the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains encompassing intellectual, emotional, spiritual and physical aspects. Thus PBS is in tandem with the Primary School Standard Curriculum as well as the National Education Philosophy. PBS can be used for both formative as well as summative assessment thus practising the concept of assessment for learning as well as assessment of learning. PBS assesses both academic and non-academic fields. It is planned and executed by the school with adherence to procedures set forth by the Examinations Syndicate. PBS is made up of two categories : academic and non-academic. The academic category is made up of School Assessment (PS) and Central Assessment (PP). The non-academic component is made up of Psychometric Assessment (PPsi) and Assessment of Physical, Sports and Co-curricular Activities (PAJSK).
1.2
Is PBS new? No. Teachers have already carried out PBS through Penilaian Kerja Amali (PEKA), Ujian Lisan Berasaskan Sekolah (ULBS), Penilaian Lisan Berasaskan Sekolah (PLBS), Perkara Asas Fardu Ain (PAFA), projects, quizzes, question and answer sessions, presentations and others.
1.3
When was the improved PBS implemented? PBS began in Year 1 in 2011 and Form 1 in 2012.
1.4
What are the components of PBS? PBS is made up of two categories : academic and non-academic. The academic category is made up of School Assessment (PS) and Central Assessment (PP). The non-academic component is made up of Psychometric Assessment (PPsi) and Assessment of Physical, Sports and Co-curricular Activities (PAJSK).
1.5
What new features are introduced in PBS? MOE has introduced new features including the implementation of Standard Referenced Assessment, Assessment of Physical, Sports and Co-curricular Activities (PAJSK), Psychometric Assessment (PPsi) and recording of pupils’ achievements in the PBS Management System (SPPBS). The objective of PBS is to keep track of each pupil’s progress, growth and achievement.
2. 2.1
SCHOOL ASSESSMENT (PS) What is School Assessment (PS)? Assessment that is planned, formulated, administered, scored, recorded and reported by teachers in the school. Assessment is continuously carried out by teachers during the teaching and learning process. PS is carried out in the form of formative and summative assessment. Formative assessment is carried out during the process of teaching and learning. On the other hand, summative assessment is carried out at the end of a learning unit, term, month or year. PS functions as both assessment for learning and assessment of learning.
2.2
What is Standard Referenced Assessment? Standard Referenced Assessment reports pupil’s achievement with reference to the statements of standard for each subject. The statements of standard is determined according to the pupil’s achievement as intended in the curriculum. Standard Referenced Assessment is introduced to track the growth and development of each pupil through his/her performance.
2.3
What are the advantages of Standard Referenced Assessment? Standard Referenced Assessment reports pupils’ performance or achievement. Pupils are assessed fairly and justifiably based on an individual’s capability, ability, talent, skill and potential without comparing the individual with others.
2.4
What is the Document of Performance Standard (DSP)? Document of Performance Standard contains guidelines for assessment and reports pupils’ achievements at different stages of learning as intended in the curriculum. This document includes bands, statements of standard, descriptors and evidence.
2.5
What is the meaning of bands, statements of standard and descriptor? Bands report pupils’ achievement : Band 6 the highest and Band 1 the lowest. Statements of Standard refers to pupils’ achievement in general. Descriptors are observable acts that can be measured to determine pupils’ achievement along the learning curve.
2.6
When is DSP used? DSP is used to assess pupils during the teaching and learning process. However, teachers must refer to the curriculum document to ensure the content and intended learning outcomes are being addressed.
2.7
What is the purpose of the DSP? DSP is formulated as a guidance for teachers to carry out PS in tandem with Standard Referenced Assessment.
2.8
Should instruments for PS be standardised? Instruments should not be standardised as teachers will need to provide a variey of instruments best suited for their pupils.
2.9
What is Performance Standard? Performance Standard is a set of statements detailing the achievement and mastery of an individual within a certain discipline, in a specific period of study based on an identified benchmark. Teachers refer to the Performance Standard to ensure assessment activities are conducted fairly and in a focused manner.
2.10
Must a pupil master each descriptor in order to achieve a particular band? Yes, pupils must master all descriptors in order to achieve a particular band. Mastery of each descriptor provides proof that the pupil has mastered all the content standard/learning outcome for the particular band.
2.11
Can a pupil be assessed for a higher band even though he/she have not mastered all the descriptors in a previous band? Yes, pupils can be assessed for a higher band even though he/she have not mastered all the descriptors in the previous band because teachers teach according to the Standard Curriculum/Syllabus and not the DSP. However, pupils must provide evidence be it verbally or written to show that he/she has mastered the descriptors in the previous band.
2.12
Must schools continue to carry out (Penilaian Kerja Amali Sains (PEKA), Penilaian Lisan Berasaskan Sekolah/Ujian Lisan Berasaskan Sekolah (PLBS/ULBS) and Kemahiran Hidup Bersepadu (KHB) coursework in Form 1? PEKA and PLBS/ULBS must be carried out because they are components of PP. However, coursework for KHB need not be carried out in Form 1 starting 2012.
2.13
Can LINUS be used in PBS? No. LINUS is a program aimed at identifying pupils who fail to master the skills of reading, writing and arithmetic (3Rs). PBS is an assessment approach that includes academic and non academic components. It is a continuous process of assessment and implemented throughout the teaching and learning process
. 2.14
Is it necessary to conduct monthly exams and end of year exams? It depends on the purpose of the exams. If the purpose is to rank pupils, the scope of the exam should cover both context and contructs (knowledge and skills measured) for the subject. Should the School PBS Committee choose to rank pupils according to bands, the exam questions or tasks must be based on evidence in the Performance Standards.
2.15
Are pupils who have not mastered a particular skill/knowledge in PS reassessed? Pupils must be reassessed until they achieve the knowledge or skill necessary in PS.
2.16
Can a Guru sandaran Tidak Terlatih (GSTT) become an appraisor? Yes, because GSTT have been appointed to conduct teaching and learning in the classroom. Furthermore, assessment must be carried out by the teacher teaching the subject.
3.
CENTRAL ASSESSMENT (PP)
3.1
What is Central Assessment (PP)? PP is an assessment conducted in school. However assessment procedures, instruments, tasks, guidelines, scoring guide, grading and reporting is done by LP.
3.2
What are the types of tasks assigned in PP? There are two types of tasks : long term task and short term task. Long term task is carried out within 3 to 4 weeks and short term task is carried out within 2 weeks.
3.3
When is PP carried out? PP for primary schools is conducted at Level 2. PP for secondary schools is conducted in Forms 2 and 3.
3.4
Can PP be carried out in groups? Assignments may be carried out in groups but scores must be awarded individually.
4.
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES, SPORTS AND COCURRICULUM (PAJSK)
4.1
What is Assessment of Physical, Sports and Co-curricular Activities (PAJSK)? PAJSK administers, records and reports pupils’ involvement in sports, curricular and extra-curricular activities. Standard Kecergasan Fizikal Kebangsaan (SEGAK) dan Body Mass Index (BMI) is carried out to assess and report pupils’ physical activities.
4.2
When is PAJSK carried out in PBS? In primary schools, PAJSK is carried out in Year 4 beginning 2014, Year 5 beginning 2015 and Year 6 beginning in 2016. In secondary schools, PAJSK is carried out in Form 1 beginning 2012, Form 2 beginning 2013,Form 3 beginning 2014, Form 4 beginning 2015 and Form 5 beginning 2016.
5. PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT (PPSI)? 5.1
What is Psychometric Assessment (PPsi)? PPsi is carried out in schools to measure pupils’ innate and acquired abilities, thinking skills, problem-solving skills, career preferences, talent, attitude and personality. PPsi is neither based on the learning process nor the curriculum.
5.2
When is Psychometric Assessment (PPsi) carried out? In primary schools, PPsi is carried out in Year 4 beginning 2014 and Year 6 beginning 2016. In secondary schools, PPsi is carried out in Form 1 beginning 2012, Form 3 beginning 2014, Form 4 beginning 2015 and Form 5 beginning 2016.
5.3
What is the relationship between PPsi and PS? Information obtained from PPsi can help teachers to adapt and adopt teaching methodologies and develop a variety of assessment tools most appropriate to their pupils needs.
6
OPERATION
6.1
How is PBS carried out in schools? PBS should be carried out by referring to the Panduan Pengurusan PBS and related circulars concerning PBS issued by the Examinations Syndicate.
6.2
What is the composition of the PBS Committee in under enrolled schools? In under enrolled schools, a teacher may have to hold more than one portfolio in the committee.
6.3
Is it necessary for a pupil who has just returned from a prolonged residence overseas/absence from school be reassessed for PS which he/she has missed? It is not necessary because PS is carried out during the process of teaching and learning.
6.4
Is it necessary for a pupil who has just returned from a prolonged residence overseas/absence from school be reassessed for PP which he/she has missed? PP is carried out within a specific time-frame as stipulated by the Examinations Syndicate. PP cannot be carried out at other times outside the set duration.
6.5
Can a pupil be exempted from PBS? Exemption is not an issue as assessment is carried out at the pupils’ level of achievement/proficiency during the process of teaching and learning.
6.6
How is PBS carried out for pupils with special needs? Pupils with Special Needs are assessed and evaluated using a special Performance Standard with appropriate mechanisms. Administrators must provide special services,equipment or customised software for assessment as necessary.
6.7
How reliable are assessment results conducted by teachers? Teachers are the most appropriate person to assess their own pupils because they : can continuously monitor their pupils’ development can provide constructive feedback to help pupils improve their performance better understand the context and environment most conducive for pupils development appraise and provide feedback based on the Performance Standards Teachers’ integrity should not be doubted. Credibility is ensured through mentoring, coordination, monitoring and trekking.
7
MANAGEMENT OF PUPILS’ EVIDENCE
7.1
What is evidence? Evidence can be divided into two : pupils and materials. Pupils are considered the best evidence for some skills because they can display an acquired ability either through action or orally. Material evidence refers to processes or products such as photos, graphics, artifacts, reports etc. produced by pupils in carrying out set tasks.
7.2
Where is the evidence stored? Material evidence must be kept in Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM) and Fail Showcase (FS).
7.3
What is Fail Perkembangan Murid? Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM) stores all evidence of a pupil’s achievement and development in the learning process. There should be a Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM) for every pupil. It is used to keep evidence for all subjects he/she takes. All evidence must be recorded in a form for Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM). Fail Perkembangan Murid (FPM) stores the latest evidence for each descriptor. Previous evidence are returned to their owners.
7.4
Should evidence in text books and activity books be copied and kept in the FPM? It is not necessary. Teachers need only record pupils’ achievement in the form for FPM and also the SPPBS
7.5
Who is responsible for updating the FPM? Teachers teaching each subject are responsible for updating the evidence for PS. Class/Form teachers are responsible for updating evidence in PAJSK.
7.6
Is the FPM classified as confidential? No, it is not confidential. FPM can be assessed by interested parties to track pupils’ accomplishment of knowledge and skill.
7.7
What is the evidence for Listening and Speaking skills? The pupils themselves are evidence for listening and speaking skills. They should be able to interact and respond appropriately in different situations.
7.8
What is Fail Showcase (FS)? Fail Showcase (FS) stores the best evidence for all descriptors for all subjects. FS functions as a benchmark for a particular standard of achievement or proficiency. There should be an FS for each Year/Form or class.
7.9
Can the FS be prepared at the end of the school year? FS must be prepared at the beginning of the year and updated throughout the year because teaching, learning and assessment is a continuous effort. FS must be updated throughout the shool year.
7.10
When can the PS evidence be destroyed? All evidence should be returned to their owners (pupils) after it has been recorded in the PBS Management System : SPPBS. All evidence that is not claimed by their owners may be destroyed 2 weeks after it is recorded in the SPPBS.
8
QUALITY ASSURANCE
8.1
What is meant by quality assurance? Quality Assurance is carried out to ensure PBS is of the highest quality and is carried out according to the guidelines provided.Stringent measures must be undertaken by all concerned to ensure quality is assured in all aspects and at each stage of the assessment. Only thus can the assessment produce information that is accurate and reflects the true ability of the pupils assessed. Quality Assurance is achieved through mentoring, coordination, monitoring and trekking
.8.2
What is mentoring? Mentoring is the process of assisting, facilitating and guiding teachers to carry out PBS according to the correct procedures and principles of PBS. Mentoring also ensures that teachers’ knowledge and understanding of PBS is constantly enhanced and updated. Internal mentoring is carried out by Senior Teachers/ Heads of Departments, Master Trainers, Guru Cemerlang and Principals or Head Teachers. External mentoring is carried out by officers from the Examinations Syndicate/State Education Departments and District Education Office.
8.3
What is monitoring? Monitoring is the process of ensuring that the correct procedures as outlined by the Examinations Syndicate have been observed in carrying out PBS. Frequency of monitoring depends on the PBS Committee Internal monitoring is carried out by Senior Teachers/ Heads of Departments, Master Trainers, Guru Cemerlang and Principals or Head Teachers. External monitoring is carried out by officers from the Examinations Syndicate/State Education Departments District Education Office or other Divisions in the Ministry of Education (MOE).
8.4
What is coordination? Coordination ensures that the score awarded for tasks/assignments is not only fair but also reliable and valid. Coordination is necessary to ensure the reliability and credibility of the assessment outcome. Internal Coordination is carried out by Senior Teachers/ Heads of Departments, Master Trainers, Guru Cemerlang and Principals or Head Teachers. External Coordination is carried out by officers from the Examinations Syndicate/State Education Departments and District Education Office.
8.5
What is trekking? Trekking is the process of evaluating assessment instruments used to carry out PBS in order to: 1. Identify the strength, weaknesses and practicality of said instruments 2. Evaluate reliability and validity of said instruments 3. Suggest improvements to the instruments Trekking is carried out by officers from the Examinations Syndicate or others appointed by the Examinations Syndicate.
8.6
Are schools allowed to carry out cross monitoring with neighbouring schools to benefit both parties? Schools may conduct cross monitoring with neighbouring schools as such cooperation will enhance the effectiveness of PBS.
8.7
Are schools allowed to carry out cross coordination with neighbouring schools to benefit both parties? Schools may do so to ensure the appropriateness of the assessment instruments /tasks/assignments used during the process of teaching, learning and assessment.
9
SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SPPBS)
9.1
What is SPPBS? The PBS Management System (SPPBS) is an application developed by MOE to record and store information on pupils’ achievement in PBS. SPPBS can generate reports of pupils’ achievement.
9.2
When can teachers record pupils’ achievement in PS and PAJSK in the SPPBS? PS data can be recorded at any time. Data entry into PAJSK will be determined by the Examinations Syndicate.
9.3
How is data of pupils who transfer to a new school executed? The transferring pupil’s particulars must first be cancelled in the APDM by the teacher from the original school. Once the new school registers the pupil into APDM the previous data can be retrieved.
9.4
How do schools without access to the internet record pupils’ data in the SPPBS? For schools without access to the internet the SPPBS stand alone version can be used. The stand alone CD can be obtained from State Education Departments and District Education Departments.
9.5
Who issues a report on pupils’ achievements? Any teacher who teaches a particular subject can report pupils progress by generating reports through SPPBS.
9.6
Can pupils achievement be accessed whenever needed? Yes, progress reports can be obtained from teachers who teach the subject.
9.7
How can parents obtain feedback about their children’s achievement? A descriptive and formative report can be generated via the SPPBS whenever needed. The report contains information about pupils’ achievement at the particular stage.
UNIT KOMUNIKASI KORPORAT KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA Aras 1 & 5, Blok E8, Kompleks E Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan 62604 Putrajaya Website Telefon Faks
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