nts
Conte
LEVEL A2
To the student
7
How Visual Grammar works
8
I can …
1
describe things
Present Simple be It’s + adjective
It’s big. It’s long.
10
2
talk about the weather and time
It’s windy. It’s two o’clock.
11
3
introduce myself and other people
Present Simple be It’s + weather It’s + time Present Simple be
I’m Irish. She’s my boss.
12
4
say how people feel
Present Simple be + feeling adjectives
I’m hungry. They’re happy.
13
5
say where things are (1)
Present Simple be + prepositions It’s on the shelf. of place (in, on, at) My parents are at work.
6
say what is not true
Present Simple be – negatives
I’m not ready. Mark isn’t a doctor.
15
7
ask about people’s lives (1)
Present Simple be – yes/no questions
Are you a nurse? Is he busy?
16
8
give short answers
Present Simple be – short yes/no Yes, he is. answers No, they aren’t.
17
9
ask about people’s lives (2)
Present Simple be – Wh- questions
What’s your name? Who’s your tutor?
18
10
say what is in a place
there is / there are
There’s a beautiful mountain. There aren’t any clouds in the sky!
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11
talk about friends and relations
possessive adjectives
my father her best friend
20
12
talk about things I have
have got / have + noun
I have two sisters. I’ve got a cat.
21
13
talk about my health
have got / have + illness
I have a terrible backache. She’s got a cold.
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14
ask if people have things
Have you got …? and Do you have … ? questions
Have you got your books? Do you have a sweater?
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15
give short answers about things I have
Short answers: Yes, I have / No, I Yes, I have / No, I haven’t. Yes, I do / No, I don’t. haven’t / Yes, I do / No, I don’t.
24
16
talk about things I haven’t got Negatives: haven’t got and
17
use this, that, these, those
this, that, these, those
18
say what I can do
can for ability and possibility
I can play the guitar. I can’t hear you!
27
19
ask people to help me
Questions with Can you and Could you
Can you tell me the time? Could you pass me the salt?
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20
ask for permission
Questions with Can I and Could I Can I come in?
21
talk about habits, routines and repeated actions
Present Simple statements
22
say how often things happen
Present Simple + adverbs of frequency
don’t have
I don’t have any soap or shampoo. I haven’t got any conference information. This is my cat. These are my books.
Could I use this dictionary? I go to the gym every day. He gives us a grammar test every month. We never talk! I always go there on Tuesdays.
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Contents Present Simple + time preposition on
23
talk about days when I do things
24
talk about times when things Present Simple + time happen prepositions in and at
25
talk about things that are generally true
26
say what isn’t true
27
ask about habits and routines Present Simple – yes/no
28
ask for more information about habits and routines
Do you send tweets regularly? No, I don’t. Does your mother use the internet at home? Yes, she does. Present Simple – Wh- questions Where does she go to school? What do they want to eat?
29
say where things are (2)
Prepositions of place
30
talk about what is happening now
Present Progressive statements I’m waiting.
31
make -ing endings correctly
32
on Tuesday on 5th July
31
at the weekend in the evening
32
Present Simple statements
I wear glasses. We live in Geneva.
34
Present Simple negatives
I don’t like spicy food. She doesn’t play football.
35
questions and short answers
next to the tree opposite the park
36 37 38
It’s snowing.
39
Present participles
walking baking
40
avoid unnecessary repetition
Present Progressive – omission of repeated verbs
She’s sitting in the lounge, eating chocolate cake and watching TV.
40
33
send messages about what I’m doing now
Present Progressive statements I’m working at home.
34
write an email about my life now
Present Progressive – meaning: I’m working in Madrid this month. temporary, around now She’s going to Thai lessons every week.
42
35
talk about planned future events
Present Progressive – future meaning
I’m meeting her on Tuesday. We’re travelling next week.
43
36
make an excuse about why I can’t do something
Present Progressive – excuses
Sorry. I can’t come to the meal. I’m meeting an important customer then.
44
37
make Present Progressive negatives and questions
Present Progressive – negatives We aren’t going to Melbourne. and questions Why are you waiting?
38
remember which verbs aren’t usually used in the Present Progressive decide whether to use Present Simple or Present Progressive talk about the past with was and were
Active and stative verbs
They know the answers. I believe in UFOs.
46
Present Simple compared with Present Progressive
He plays piano. He’s playing piano.
47
was and were
41
talk about things that happened in the past (1)
Past Simple – regular verbs
Were you at school yesterday afternoon? No, I was at the dentist. looked, wanted, walked, played
42
talk about things that happened in the past (2)
Past Simple – irregular verbs
grew, ran, wore, made
43
ask about the past
Past Simple – yes/no questions
Did James buy some new books?
44
ask Wh- questions about the past
Past Simple – Wh- questions
Where did you go?
45
give short answers about the Past Simple – short answers past
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
46
say what didn’t happen in the Past Simple – negatives past
We didn’t go to the supermarket last night.
54
47
say what order things happened in
Past Simple + when/then/after/ before
I phoned her before she came home. When you went out, I made supper.
55
48
say when things happened
Past Simple – time expressions
yesterday last night last summer
56
39 40
I’m walking on the beach.
41
45
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say how long before now something was
Past Simple + ago
50
describe a journey
Past Simple + prepositions of movement
51
make longer sentences
and/but
52
talk about reasons and results
Past Simple + so/because
53
tell a story about the past
Past Simple narrative
54
use the Past Simple
Past Simple review
Where did you go at the weekend? He didn’t like it very much.
62
55
ask about people’s life experiences
Present Perfect questions
Have you ever seen the pyramids? Has she ever been to Africa?
63
56
make past participles
Past participles
walked, drunk, eaten, done
57
talk about experiences I have Present Perfect + never never had
58
talk about experiences and events ‘before now’
59
I bought my first guitar a long time ago. We started our band ThunderMusic four years ago. across a field over the bridge She ran past the window and I waved at her. I went to the theatre last night, but I left after 30 minutes. Vicki went to the doctor because she felt ill. Vicki felt ill so she went to the doctor. Every night we put up tents and slept in them.
57 58 59 60 61
64
I’ve never seen Star Wars. She’s never eaten a tomato.
66
Present Perfect up to now
You’ve written three books. I’ve lived here for ages.
68
talk about work I have finished
Present Perfect for completed actions
I’ve cleaned the bathroom. She’s made supper.
69
60
talk about past actions that have a result now
Present Perfect for past actions The guests have arrived. with a connection to now I’ve broken my arm.
61
say that something happened Present Perfect + just only a short time before now
62
choose gone or been
63
70
She’s just heard the news. I’ve just spoken to him.
71
Past participles of go
Mike has gone to Moscow. Mike has been to Moscow.
72
say that something has not happened
Present Perfect negatives + yet
I haven’t finished it yet. She hasn’t bought a present yet.
73
64
talk about actions that happened before I expected
Present Perfect + already
I’ve already seen the film. The ferry has already left!
74
65
talk about how long things lasted
Present Perfect + for and since
for four months since January
75
66
choose whether to use Past Simple or Present Perfect
comparison of Past Simple and Present Perfect
She won first prize! She’s won first prize!
76
67
talk about what people were doing at a time in the past
Past Progressive
What were you doing at 5? I was playing Crime City.
78
68
Interrupted Past Progressive
I was playing Wizard World when my computer exploded!
79
69
talk about what people were doing when something else happened use verb lists
70
tell people about my plans
be going to
71
ask and answer about what’s be going to – questions and short Are you going to dig up the trees? going to happen answers Yes, we are.
72
be going to
It’s going to be a great party!
73
predict what is going to happen (because I have evidence) say who things happened to
Subject and object pronouns Verb +preposition
She told me. We laughed at it.
74
say who things belong to
Apostrophe ‘s Possessive pronouns
Whose is this? It’s mine.
Review of verb forms
80 I’m going to visit my grandma. She’s going to think about it.
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make plurals
Singular and plural
cars, loaves, children
76
use a and an
Indefinite articles
a mouse, an elephant
77
decide whether to use a, an or the
Indefinite and definite articles
a book, the book
78
decide when the is not needed
Omission of articles
I love rice. We never buy potatoes.
79
say why things happened
so that / infinitive of purpose
80
tell people what to do
Imperatives/Let’s …
81
use countable and uncountable nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
I saved my money to buy a motorbike. Oliver got a new passport so that he could go to Africa. Go home! Have a great day! Let’s dance! five fingers some milk
82
ask people what they would like (food, drink, etc.)
a/an/some
83
talk about quantities of uncountable things
Containers, quantities, divisions two bottles of milk
84
ask if people have things
85
Would you like an egg? Would you like some cake?
90 91 92 94 95 96 98 99
a bar of chocolate
100
some/any
Have you got any water? Have you got some cash?
101
ask and answer about quantities
much/many/a lot of/lots of
86
say how we do things
Adverbs of manner
How many coins? How much money? Lots of money I ran quickly. I crossed the bridge carefully.
87
say what was in a place in the past
There was / There were
There was a table there before! Were there red curtains before?
106
88
say what I decided to do
will (for decisions)
I’ll clean the floor. I’ll feed the fish.
107
89
say what I think will happen
will (for future) Other functions of will
When will the film start? I’ll get your bag for you.
108
90
talk about things I have, make have, make, do or do
91
choose the right auxiliary verb
Auxiliary verbs
92
talk about things I like and dislike doing
93
talk about things I was able do in the past
love, like, enjoy, hate, etc. + infinitive / -ing would like + to + infinitive could
94
say that something is really important to do
95
listen to other people’s advice should/must
96
say how people and things are different
-er comparatives
97
compare books, films and other things
Comparatives with more and less This perfume is more expensive than
98
say which things are the ‘most’
Superlatives
99
tell a joke
Present Simple jokes
Irregular verbs Answer key
must
Have you done any exercise today? The factory makes tablet computers. Let’s have a break! I don’t want any ice cream. She wasn’t looking. I love going on rollercoasters. I’d like to go to a theme park. I watched an English film last night and I could understand it! We couldn’t swim last month because I hurt my leg. I must lose weight this year. I really must stop smoking.
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110 112 114 115 116
You should go to university. You must study harder.
118
The elf is older than the thief. The thief is healthier than the wizard.
120
that one. James is less friendly than Mark. The Metropole has the most stars. The Chaika’s the least expensive. A man walks into a pet shop ...
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nts
Conte
LEVEL B1 8
To the student How Visual Grammar works
10
I can …
1
refer to people and things
Nouns, pronouns, pronoun reference
helicopter, water, shoes I / me, he / him, we / us
11
2
make sentences with good word order
Grammatical terms: subject, object, verb, SVO word order
The actors sang ‘Happy Birthday’. Martha gave Tom a great book.
12
3
make simple descriptions
Adjectives
It’s freezing! It’s beautiful!
14
4
use more than one adjective in my descriptions
Adjective order
This is a famous 16th-century house. It has beautiful black and white walls.
16
5
talk about people’s feelings and opinions
-ed / -ing adjectives
Are you frightened? Yes! This film is really frightening!
18
6
say how ‘strong’ something is Adverbs of degree
It’s fairly hot. It’s pretty hot. It’s extremely hot.
20
7
talk about extremes
Gradable and ungradable adjectives
It’s extremely big. It’s absolutely wonderful.
22
8
make my descriptions more interesting
Noun phrases
the street light at the corner of 14th Street and Pearl Street a friendly man in a space alien costume
24
9
describe actions
Adverbs (compared with adjectives)
The customers are ordering very slowly. The Petersens always arrive late.
26
10
ask and answer about large quantities
much, many, a lot of, lots of, loads of, plenty of
We’ve got plenty of toasters. There’s so much noise!
28
11
talk about different quantities all, every, most, the whole,
The whole town centre was affected. A couple of drivers started fighting.
30
12
refer to things without repeating their name
one, ones
13
talk about people/things when I don’t know exactly who or what they are
Indefinite pronouns: someone, Do you think that anybody lives here? Nothing’s going to happen to us! somebody, something, Nobody’s here! not + anyone, not + anybody, not + anything, no one, nobody, nothing
14
name groups of people
Collective nouns
the audience, the company, the army, our class
36
15
say which person I’m talking about by saying what they are doing
-ing clauses
Mrs Ashe is the old woman sitting at the table. Can you see the men walking and talking by the fountain?
38
16
identify a person or thing by giving more information about them or it
Relative clauses with who, that, A Martian is an alien who lives on Mars. An FTL ship is a spaceship which flies where and which
17
several, a couple, none, both, a few, a little, no
identify a person by giving Relative clauses with who more information about them
I’ve bought a guidebook. Do you want one? I want some of those souvenirs. Which ones do you fancy?
faster than the speed of light.
The man who recommended the THS45X is a computer engineer. I’ve met the artists who painted Night Lightning.
32
34
40 42
3
Contents 18
decide if it’s possible to leave out who
Omission of who in relative clauses
This is the woman Tom told you about.
43
19
say which thing I’m talking about
Relative clauses with that or which
These are some books which I’ve already read. This is a lamp that my grandma gave me.
44
20
compare things
Comparison review
Factory B is a little bigger than Factory A. Factory C is the most modern building and it has the fewest workers.
46
21
say that some things are ‘less’ than others
not as ... as
Dinah isn’t as busy as Sheldon. The Empire State Building isn’t as tall as the Burj Khalifa.
48
22
say that things are similar
as … as
I can bounce as high as you. This machine is as good as that one.
49
23
emphasise the meaning of adjectives
so, such
This is such a great idea for a holiday! It’s so hot that you could fry an egg on the pavement.
50
24
say that there is more of something than is good
too
The lights are too bright and the room’s too hot. Sorry, I’m too busy to talk to you now.
52
25
say that there is less of something than is good
enough
I’ve only got $7. It’s not enough. You’re not fit enough to run round the park!
54
26
talk about things I am interested in
Adjective + preposition collocations (1)
I’m interested in Japanese culture. I’m delighted with my teacher.
56
27
describe people’s characters
Adjective + preposition collocations (2)
Fiona’s brilliant at sales. Lorna’s famous for her great presentations. She’s allergic to hard work.
58
28
express my emotional reactions
Adjective + preposition collocations (3)
I’m so bored with housework. I’m fed up with cleaning and ironing. I’m afraid of lifts.
59
29
describe how people behave to each other
be + adjective (kind, silly, helpful, etc.) + preposition
She’s so nice to the children. That was kind of her!
60
30
say how I travelled and where I stayed
Prepositions + noun collocations We went on holiday to Germany this year. with in, at, on, by, to, from
62
31
talk about work and work problems
Collocations: noun + for, noun + of
What’s the reason for this? Who has responsibility for the frozen food department today?
64
32
talk about working with difficult people
Collocations: noun + with
I wanted to have a little chat with you. I don’t have a good relationship with her.
66
33
talk about what I do online
Verb + preposition collocations
I’ve already tweeted about it. I searched for his company, but I couldn’t find his email address.
68
34
recognise verbs in different forms
Verbs review
swam, has swum, are not going to swim
70
35
talk about situations that are changing
Present Progressive for changing situations
Prices are going up. The climate is changing.
71
36
use present tenses
Present Simple and Present Progressive review
She runs. She’s running.
72
37
talk about events in the past
Past Simple, Past Progressive, Present Perfect Simple review
She bought a coat. They were working last night. He’s just arrived.
74
38
give a general idea about when something happened
Time adverbials (for general and I gave it to him earlier. Have you phoned her yet? indefinite times)
We travelled by train from London to Berlin.
I’ll do it immediately.
4
76
Contents 39
tell an interesting story about Cohesion and coherence: my life different tenses, direct speech
and hesitation devices
You’ll never guess what I did yesterday! I was visiting Mike in Edinburgh and he, you know, he keeps snakes. Anyway, he said ‘Would you like one?’
78
40
ask how long someone has been doing something
Present Perfect Progressive questions
How long have you been going out with your boyfriend? How long has he been writing poetry?
80
41
emphasise the length of time of an action
Present Perfect Progressive
We’ve been painting this room all day. I’ve been coming to this club for twenty years
82
42
talk about things I did in the past (but not now)
used to
I used to love parties. I didn’t use to like pizza.
84
43
explain that one thing happened before another
Past Perfect
When they arrived at the theatre, the show had started.
86
44
talk about things I noticed, realised, saw, etc.
Past Perfect with specific verbs I realised that I had left my ID at
45
explain reasons for past events
because + Past Perfect
Why did you throw the tomatoes away? Because they’d gone bad!
89
46
set the ‘start time’ of a story
Past Perfect
David called to cancel lunch. Before that, I had arrived at the café, bought a coffee and sat down at a table.
90
47
say that something happened Past Perfect with by and before before a certain time
The meeting had finished by 2 o’clock. By 9.00, she had painted the whole room.
92
48
make Past Perfect negatives
Past Perfect negatives
She hadn’t made the bed. I’d never drunk fruit tea.
93
49
talk about the future
will, be going to, Present Progressive
I’m catching the 7.30 ferry from Caen. I’ll answer this question! I’m going to see her later today.
94
50
talk about timetabled events
Present Simple for timetabled events
Your train leaves at 10.23. You make your speech at 12.20 and you finish by 12.45.
96
51
talk about things that will possibly happen
may, may not, might, might not
His name might be Hiram. We think he may be the boss of an international gang.
98
52
make yes/no questions in different tenses
Yes/no question forms in different tenses
Do you work late every day? Is he cooking dinner? Has he been there?
100
53
make Wh- questions
Wh- question forms in different tenses
Who visits his friend in Tokyo every week? Who does Mike visit in Tokyo every week?
102
54
ask questions when I think I know the answer
Question tags
You’re Paloma Revez, aren’t you? You left him, didn’t you?
104
55
ask questions more politely
Indirect questions
Could you tell me your name? Would you mind telling me how old you are?
106
56
report what people said
Reported speech (present tenses)
He said that he was waiting at a bus stop. He said it was very cold.
108
57
report people’s ideas about the future
Reported speech with would, might and was going to
He said they would win the game. She said that she was going to watch TV.
109
58
report people’s stories about past events
Reported speech (past tenses)
She said that she’d been to a Lana Del Rey concert! She said it had been a great show.
110
59
choose the correct reporting verb
Reported speech with said, told Steve said that he was hungry.
home. Terry noticed that the children had gone.
Steve told Toby that he was hungry.
88
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Contents
6
60
report people’s questions
Reported questions
He asked me if we were in the same class. He asked me who my teacher was.
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61
say what people thought
Reported thought
I thought we could meet at the farm. I knew that I could do that exam.
114
62
say how people spoke in different ways
Reported speech with complained, explained, announced, whispered
Jane complained that her food was boring. She explained that she needed more ice cream and cake.
115
63
state facts that are always or Conditional type 0 generally true
If people don’t like the taste, they don’t buy our pizza. If you go by train, it takes longer.
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64
tell people what to do if something happens
Conditional type 0 with imperative
If the TV’s too loud, turn it down. If the phone rings, don’t answer it.
118
65
say what will happen when another thing happens
when, before, after, while, until When they finish this house, we’ll buy
66
say what will happen if another thing happens
Conditional type 1
67
give warnings, advice, predictions, threats and promises
Conditional type 1
68
imagine an unlikely or impossible present or future
69
it! When it’s 12 o’clock, I’m going to go out and meet Charmaine.
119
If I get that new job, I’ll move to Madrid. If they don’t arrive late, we’re going to start the meeting at 10 a.m.
120
You’ll fail the exam if you don’t study hard. If it rains this afternoon, you’ll get soaking wet.
121
Conditional type 2
If I went, I’d take my sunglasses! If I met my hero, I wouldn’t ask for an autograph.
122
ask about unlikely futures
Conditional type 2 – questions
What would you do if you lost your job? What would you do if she left you?
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70
give advice by saying what I would do
If I were you ...
If I were you, I’d look for a new job. I’d hide it if I were you!
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71
give people advice about specific problems
had better (not)
We’d better ask someone for directions. You’d better not make any loud noises.
126
72
say how I am prepared for possible events
in case + Present Simple, in case + noun, just in case
Take a map in case you get lost. In case of emergency, dial 911.
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73
describe processes and routines
Present Simple passive
The building’s unlocked at 5.30 a.m. The factory floor is cleaned.
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74
talk about historical facts
Past Simple passive
Anna Karenina was written by Tolstoy. The Pyramids were built on the banks of the Nile.
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75
ask if we are ready for an event
Present Perfect passive questions
Has the agenda been printed? Have all the managers been invited?
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76
avoid saying who did something
Present Perfect passive and Past Simple passive
The liquid was poured into the test tube. The TV’s been stolen.
135
77
talk about something unexpected that happened
Past Simple passive with got
He got chased through the old town. They got stopped by a superhero.
136
78
use the passive in different tenses
Overview of passives
The room was painted. The pizza is being cooked.
138
79
decide which had is which
had in different structures
We had lunch at the station café. I had had too many coffees!
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80
talk about things people did themselves
Reflexive pronouns (1)
Help yourself. I bought myself a cowboy hat!
141
81
say that someone did something (and not another person)
Reflexive pronouns (2)
Did you help her? No, she did it herself.
142
82
think about facts and make an intelligent guess
must be, can’t be
83
talk about things that are necessary to do
84
It must be Jackie’s. She has an old phone. It can’t be Diana’s because she took her phone with her.
143
have to, must, need to
We have to get up at 7.30. I must call my mum. Then I need to get ready for football.
144
talk about things that it is important not to do
mustn’t
We mustn’t be negative. We mustn’t stop our important work.
146
85
talk about things that aren’t necessary
don’t have to, don’t need to
She doesn’t have to be a fantastic cook. He doesn’t need to be a good dancer.
147
86
talk about past actions that weren’t necessary
needn’t have, didn’t need to
You needn’t have washed the dishes! She didn’t need to do the washing up.
148
87
use can, could and should
can (ability, possibility, request), I can eat 20 doughnuts in ten minutes! Could I borrow your camera? could (request, past ability), 150 You should take a break. should
88
talk about past and future abilities
be able to (past and future)
I was able to learn a few tunes. By the time I’m 30, I’ll be able to play lots more.
152
89
talk about things which were possible, but didn’t happen
could(n’t) have
I could have been a big pop star. They could have told me!
154
90
tell the story of an adventure
Verb + to infinitive
When I was 14, I decided to walk around the world. I planned to start in America.
156
91
talk about things I like and dislike doing
Verb + -ing
Do you feel like going out tonight? I really hate going to restaurants on my own.
158
92
use remember and stop
remember, stop + to infinitive / -ing
I remembered to switch off the lights. I remember switching off the lights.
93
use forget, try and manage to forget + to infinitive, never forget I managed to win a 20,000 unit order for Poland. + -ing, try + to infinitive, try + Oh no! I forgot to order more printer -ing, manage + to infinitive ink! I tried asking the boss about an extra holiday.
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162
94
describe conversations with other people
Verb + preposition collocations
I talked to her dad. I explained the work to him.
164
95
use get with different meanings
Different meanings of the verb get
I’m getting a plane to Rio. Did you get my letter?
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96
tell the story of how I met a new friend
Multi-word verbs
My girlfriend broke up with me. I checked into an amazing hotel.
168
97
say that I feel the same as someone else
so do I, neither do I
I’ve never been to Venice before. Neither have I. I love this bridge. So do I.
170
98
understand young people’s colloquial conversations
was like in direct speech and other colloquial UK English grammar
You know, I saw Reece yesterday. He was like ‘Hi!’
172
Irregular verbs
174
Answer key
175
7
