IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers Covering Edexcel’s IGCSE Business Studies Syllabus
Paul Hoang Margaret Ducie Sam Cleary
ISBN: 978-1-905504-67-1
Published by Anforme Ltd., Stocksfield Hall, Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7TN. Tel: 01661 844000 Fax: 01661 844111 email:
[email protected] www.anforme.com
Contents Chapter 1.1 - Objectives
1
Chapter 1.3 - Factors of Production
3
Chapter 1.4 - Primary, secondary and tertiary activity
7
Chapter 1.5 - Business Location
10
Chapter 1.6 - Government influences on business activity and objectives
12
Chapter 1.7 - External influences
16
Chapter 1.8 - Judging Success
20
Chapter 2.1 - Internal Organisation
22
Chapter 2.2 - Communication
28
Chapter 2.3 - Recruitment and Selection
32
Chapter 2.4 - Training
35
Chapter 2.5 - Motivation and rewards
38
Chapter 3.1 - External and Internal Sources of Finance
40
Chapter 3.2 - Budgets and cash flow forecasts
43
Chapter 3.3 - Cost and break-even analysis
47
Chapter 3.4 - Financial Statements
51
Chapter 3.5 - Ratios and performance
55
Chapter 4.1 - The Market
67
Chapter 4.2 - The Marketing Mix
69
Chapter 4.3 - Market Research
79
Chapter 5.1 - Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
81
Chapter 5.2 - Methods of production
83
Chapter 5.3 - Productivity
85
Chapter 5.4 - Quality
89
Chapter 1.1 Objectives Questions Most businesses will have a mission statement which provides a framework for setting their objectives. This mission statement sets out the overall purpose of the business. Look at the examples of mission statements below for two coffee shops. Coffee Shop 1: “We have a passion for coffee and are committed to bringing our customers The perfect cup anywhere, anytime.” Coffee Shop 2: “To inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time.” a. What is meant by business objectives?
(2 marks)
b. Discuss which coffee shop has the ‘better’ mission statement to enable it to formulate business objectives.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
(6 marks)
Chapter 1.1
1
Answers Answer 1(a)
Marks
What is meant by business objectives? Valid points could include:
2
• Targets that a business strives to achieve (1) • Examples: survival, market share, profitability or wealth creation (1) 1(b)
Discuss which coffee shop has the ‘better’ mission statement to enable it to formulate business objectives.
Valid points in favour of Coffee Shop 1 could include:
• Having passion for coffee can help to motivate the workforce (1) • Being committed to customers can help to boost sales (1) • Aiming for ‘the perfect cup’ of coffee gives staff a sense of direction in terms of achieving quality (1)
Valid points in favour of Coffee Shop 2 could include:
• ‘To inspire and nurture’ can motivate workers to achieve organisation objectives (1)
6
• This can help to recruit like-minded people, i.e. staff who want to work for such a coffee shop (1)
• The mission statement hints at growth as a business objective, i.e. one neighbourhood at a time (1)
A balanced discussion is required for 5-6 marks. A judgment should be made with
justification for full marks. For example, students might argue that Coffee Shop 1
has the better mission statement as it mentions ‘passion’ and commitment, which can help to formulate objectives for the staff.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.1
2
Chapter 1.3 Factors of Production Questions a. For each of the following businesses identify the factors of production used in the production process, state whether the business is capital-intensive or labour-intensive and explain your answer: i. A café serving coffee, tea and snacks ii. An advertising company iii. A firm of painters and decorators iv. A shoe manufacturer.
(4 x 5 marks)
b. Explain two reasons why the number of workers required in supermarkets has reduced over the past 20 years. (4 marks) c. Explain the benefits of job specialisation to a clothing manufacturer.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
(4 marks)
Chapter 1.3
3
Answers Answer 1(a)(i)
Marks
For each of the following businesses identify the factors of production used
in the production process, state whether the business is capital-intensive or labour-intensive and explain your answer. A café serving coffee, tea and snacks Valid points could include:
• Labour-intensive business (1) because the personal skills of the employees
hired to serve customers and the culinary skills of the baker are more
important for the running of the business than the equipment and machinery
5
used in the kitchen. (1)
• Capital e.g. oven, fridge, freezer, microwave, cooking equipment. (1) • Enterprise e.g. skills of manager of café to attract customers and encourage
people to return, skill of chef/cook to produce high quality bread and cakes, skilled waiters. (1)
• Labour e.g. skilled baker/cook, skilled manager and waiters. (1)
1(a)(ii) For each of the following businesses identify the factors of production used in the production process, state whether the business is capital-intensive or labour-intensive and explain your answer. An advertising company Valid points could include: • Labour-intensive business (1) because the skilled workers who produce the creative ideas contribute more to the production process than the computers and software (1).
5
• Capital e.g. computers, software, office furniture, printers, fax, photocopier. (1)
• Enterprise e.g. skills of managing director to attract new and retain existing business, skills and creative output of employees. (1)
• Labour e.g. skilled workers who can create advertisements, skilled writers, employees who can use specialised software. (1)
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.3
4
Answer 1(a)(iii)
Marks
For each of the following businesses identify the factors of production
used in the production process, state whether the business is capitalintensive or labour-intensive and explain your answer. A firm of painters and decorators Valid points could include:
• Labour-intensive business (1) because the skills and capabilities of the painters and decorators contribute more to the production process than the
5
capital equipment used. (1)
• Capital e.g. ladders, van/truck to transport equipment, paint brushes, rollers etc. (1)
• Enterprise e.g. skills of managing director to attract new and retain existing business, skills and creative output of employees. (1)
• Labour e.g. skilled painters. (1) 1(a)(iv)
For each of the following businesses identify the factors of production used in the production process, state whether the business is capitalintensive or labour-intensive and explain your answer. A shoe manufacturer Valid points could include: • Capital-intensive business. (1)
5
• Capital e.g. specialised machinery, sewing equipment, tools. (1) • Enterprise e.g. skills of managing director to attract new and retain existing business (1), skills and creative output of employees. (1)
• Labour e.g. skilled workers and unskilled workers. (1) 1(b)
Explain two reasons why the number of workers required in supermarkets has reduced over the past 20 years. Any one from: • Bar codes are placed on goods rather than price tags (1) and therefore fewer employees are needed to place prices on goods. (1)
• Cash registers automatically update stock records (1) so fewer employees
are required to record sales of stock and monitor stock levels in a warehouse. (1)
4
• Self-service checkouts exist in some supermarkets (1) and therefore fewer cashiers are required. (1)
Award up to 2 marks for each explanation.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.3
5
Answer 1(c)
Marks
Explain the benefits of job specialisation to a clothing manufacturer. Valid points could include:
• The production process can be broken down into several tasks (1) e.g. cutting,
sewing, attaching zips and buttons, ironing, finishing including labels and tags (1) and this encourages job specialisation (1)
• Job specialisation enables workers to become more skilled in the task, which
4
increases productivity and possibly produces goods of a better quality (1).
• Job specialisation allows more goods to be produced in the same time frame (1).
Award up to 2 marks for each explanation.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.3
6
Chapter 1.4 Primary, secondary and tertiary activity Questions Unglert’s Bakery Ltd. produces bread and cakes for sale in its 20 shops located across Southern Germany. The bakery needs goods and services from the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to make the bread and cakes and to sell the goods to customers. a. Explain what is meant by the interdependence of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors by using two examples from Table 1.4a.
(4 marks)
b. Give two examples of businesses in the primary sector that Unglert’s Bakery Ltd. might trade with.
(2 marks)
c. Give two examples of businesses in the tertiary sector that Unglert’s Bakery Ltd. might trade with.
(2 marks)
Table 1.4a Sector
Examples of goods/services provided
Primary sector
Ingredients: flour, sugar, butter, eggs, yeast
Tertiary sector
Advertising, insurance, banking, shops to sell the bread and cakes
Secondary sector
Production of cakes and bread
d. Produce a table similar to the above for: i. A mobile phone manufacturer ii. A fast food restaurant iii. A shop selling kitchen equipment iv. A pig farmer.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
(4 x 6 marks)
Chapter 1.4
7
Answers Answer 1(a)
Marks
Unglert’s Bakery Ltd. produces bread and cakes for sale in its 20 shops located across Southern Germany. The bakery needs goods and services from the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to make the bread and cakes and to sell the goods to customers.
Explain what is meant by the interdependence of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors by using two examples from Table 1.4a. Valid points could include:
• Interdependence means that the sectors of industry are dependent upon each other and cannot work in isolation or without each other (1)
4
For example:
• Ingredients from the primary sector(1) are used in the production of bread and cakes in the secondary sector (1)
• Unglerts Bakery Ltd. will have to buy insurance (1) from the tertiary sector (1) for the premises and employees
• Unglerts Bakery Ltd. will have a bank account (1) and possibly a bank loan from the tertiary sector.
• Unglerts Bakery Ltd. may use the services of an advertising agency (1) from the tertiary sector (1) to design an advertising campaign for the company.
1(b)
Give two examples of businesses in the primary sector that Unglert’s Bakery Ltd. might trade with.
Examples could include:
• Farmer who produces flour, eggs, butter, milk (1)
2
• Energy is required to fuel ovens and provide lighting and heating to the shops (1)
Award 1 mark for each example 1(c)
Give two examples of businesses in the tertiary sector that Unglert’s Bakery Ltd. might trade with.
Examples could include:
• Bank for finance and banking services (loan, financial advice) (1) • Wholesaler to buy in bulk sugar, icing sugar, baking powder, salt (1) 2
• An accountant to produce accounts and audit accounts (1) • An advertising agency to produce an advertising campaign (1) • An insurance company for insurance for the buildings and employees to protect against injury (1)
Award 1 mark for each example IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.4
8
Answer 1(d)(i)
Marks
Mobile phone manufacturer Sector
Examples of goods/service provided
Secondary
Production of mobile phones, purchase of components for
Primary
Tertiary
Metal for components, copper for wiring, oil to make plastic (2) phones from other manufacturers e.g. battery, circuit board, memory card (2)
6
Advertising agency, transport company to deliver the phones from the factory to the retail shops, banking, advertising, insurance (2)
1(d)(ii)
Fast Food restaurant Sector
Examples of goods/service provided
Secondary
Production of food for customers, purchase of ingredients from
Primary
Tertiary
Meat, eggs, salad ingredients, fish, milk, tea, coffee (2)
other manufacturers e.g. cheese, tomato sauce, pickles (2)
6
Advertising agency, banking, advertising, insurance, interior design of restaurants (2)
1(d)(iii) A shop selling kitchen equipment Sector Examples of goods/service provided Primary
Raw materials to make the kitchen products e.g. clay, metal, oil
Secondary
Manufacture of raw materials into finished kitchen products (2)
Tertiary
1(d)(iv) A pig farmer Sector Primary
Secondary Tertiary
for plastics, wood (2)
6
Advertising, insurance, accountancy services, banking, transport to deliver products to shops, interior design of shops (2) Examples of goods/service provided
Pigs, water, straw, workers to tend to the pigs (2)
6
Pig food, pens and houses for the pigs to sleep in (2)
Vets to vaccinate the animals and tend to them when they are ill, transport to take the pigs to market (2)
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.4
9
Chapter 1.5 Business Location Questions Benn and Sons is an engineering company based in Iowa, USA. It provides technical assistance and maintenance to the airline industry. They are located in Des Moines, the state capital, 60 miles away from the airport where their customers are based. They are considering moving closer to the airport, where land is cheaper and the government is considering tax breaks for businesses that move to the area. The trade union that represents the majority of the staff has expressed concerns about the commuting time that staff will face. a. Evaluate the proposed move to a site nearer to the airport.
IGCSE Business Studies: Questions and Answers
Chapter 1.5
(6 marks)
10
