EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN20898-2 December1993 UDC621.882.3 Supersedes EN20898-2:1991 Descriptors: Fasteners, nuts (fasteners), coarse
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS David Roylance ... f A 0 (1.1) whereσ f ... of stress vanishat the surfaces becausethereare noforces acting externally in
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Mechanical Properties of Grade 8.8 Bolts at Elevated Temperatures MSc project Yiannis Theodorou
Component approach to joint design C
Zone
B
Tension E
F D B
A
N
G H
V
N
M
Horizontal Zone Compression
P L
Vertical Shear
M K Q
J
REF A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q
Checklist item Bolt Tension End Plate Bending Column Flange Bending Beam Web Tension Column Web Tension Flange to End Plate Weld Web to End Plate Weld Column Web Panel Shear Beam Flange Compression Beam Flange Weld Column Web Crushing Column Web Buckling Web to End Plate Weld Bolt Shear Bolt Bearing(Plate or Flange)
Strength reduction factors measured by Kirby 1.1
Strength Reduction Factor
1
Kirby BS 5950:Part 8
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0
200
400
600
Temperature 0C
800
1000
Comparison of tensile strength of FR and ordinary bolts at elevated temperatures Reduction of Tensile Strength
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4 BOLTEN110N
0.2
BOLTEN110N-FR
0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600 0
Temperature C
700
800
900
Temperature Dependency of Young’s Modulus of FR Bolts Reduction of Young's Modulus
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0
100
200
300
400
500
Temperature 0C
600
700
800
900
Aim of study GTo measure the mechanical properties (strength, stiffness, expansion) of grade 8.8 bolts across a range of temperatures GProject Involved § Designing and building furnace § Devising instrumentation
Schematic diagram of apparatus furnace
12 V
load cell load specimen Hydraulic jack
thermocouples Data acquisition system
camera PC for video recording
PC for data recording
Experimental apparatus
ha loge n la mp
ha loge
is ola te d ma te ria l
s pe cime n s pe cime n
ta rge ts
Cros s -S e ction of Furna ce
Cros s -S e ction of Furna ce
View into furnace
Underside of lid showing halogen lamp
Location of cameras
Thermocouples ha loge n la mp
A
s pe cime n the rmocouple loca tion
cros s s e ction A-A
the rmocouple loca tions
A
Temperature control specimen
Measuring strain Tb
Ta
at ambient temperatures 20 0C L Tb
Ta
at high temperatures Lo d1
d2 Tb
Ta
tensile load
L1
Specimens hole s 0.5mm (ta rge ts )
Group A hole s 0.5mm (ta rge ts )
Group B
Pilot test A the rmocouple loca tions ha loge n la mp
A
C
E
B
D
F the rmocouple loca tion the rmocouple loca tions
cros s s e ction A-A
A
GLittle difference between side and bottom GAs much as 30C along length
Thermocouple arrangement A ha loge n la mp
A
B
C
D
E the rmocouple loca tion
the rmocouple loca tions
cros s s e ction A-A
A
GC hottest GAverage value used to present results
Range of temperatures recorded Test
A
B
C
D
E
Ave.
550 0C 600 0C 650 0C 700 0C 800 0C
536 582 633 684 787
555 605 658 711 807
563 613 663 715 812
555 606 656 710 807
337 582 632 686 786
549 598 649 701 800
Variation of stress-strain relationship at 650 0C 0
Group A - 650 C 200 180 160
650 C
2
stress( N/mm )
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
strain (%)
8.00
10.00
12.00
Group A
Summary Group A
350 325
550 C 300
600 C
275
650 C 700 C
250
800 C
stress (N/mm2)
225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
strain (%)
14
16
18
20
22
Group B
Summary Group B
1000
900
800
2
stress (N/mm )
700
600
500
400
300
( ) 200
400 C
300 C
500 C
550 C
600 C
650 C
700 C
800 C
450 C
20 C
100
0 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
strain (%)
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
Comparison – tests, Kirby, BS5950
Tensile Strength Reduction Factor
1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
Temperature,( C) Kirby
BS 5950:Part 8
Fire Tests
900
1000
Comparison: temp + 15C 1.1
Kirby BS 5950:Part 8 Fire Tests
Strength Reduction Factor
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0
100
200
300
400
500
Temperature,(0C)
600
700
800
900
Variation of Young’s Modulus with temperature Reduction of Young's Modulus
1.2
Fire Tests
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600 0
Temperature C
700
800
900
Comparison of variation of E with EC3
Reduction of Young's Modulus
1.2
Fire Tests EC3:Part 1.2 FR-Bolts
1.0
0.8
carbon steel
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Temperature 0C
700
800
900
Conclusions GHalogen furnace worked well GCameras reasonably accurate for strain measured GTemperature variation along bolt length not ideal GStrength reduction § BS5950 conservative § Kirby recommendations verified
GStiffness reduction
§ EC3 Part 1.2 formula for structural steel applicable to bolts
