MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500)
Num
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
TERM
abate aberrant abeyance abscond abstemious admonish adulterate aesthetic alacrity alleviate amalgamate ambivalence ameliorate anachronism analogous anarchy anomalous antipathy apathy appease apprise approbation arduous artless ascetic assiduous assuage attenuate audacious austere autonomous aver banal belie beneficent bolster bombastic boorish burgeon burnish buttress capricious castigation catalyst caustic chicanery coagulate coda codify commensurate compendium
DEFINITION to decrease; reduce deviating from what is normal temporary suppression or suspension to depart secretly and hide moderate in appetite to caution or reprimand to corrupt or make impure relating to beauty or art cheerful willingness; eagerness; speed to relieve; improve partially to combine into a unified whole the state of having conflicting emotional attitudes to improve something out of proper time comparable absence of government ; state of disorder irregular deviating from the norm dislike; hostility indifference to calm; pacify; placate to inform approval; praise extremely difficult; laborious guileless; natural one who practices self denial diligent; hard working to make less severe to weaken daring; bold unadorned self-governing; independent to affirm; declare to be true commonplace; trite misrepresent; give a false impression kindly; doing good to give a boost to; prop up; support pompous; using inflated language rude; insensitive to flourish to polish to reinforce; support fickle punishment; criticism; chastisement something causing change burning; sarcastically biting trickery ; fraud thicken; congeal; concluding section of a musical or literary composition; something that summarizes or concludes to systematize proportional brief, comprehensive summary
SRC
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
complaisant compliant conciliatory condone confound connoisseur contumacious contentious contrite conundrum converge convoluted craven daunt decorum default deference delineate denigrate deride derivative desiccate desultory deterrent diatribe dichotomy diffidence diffuse digression dirge disabuse discerning discordant discrepancy disingenuous disinterested disjointed dismiss disparage disparate dissemble disseminate dissolution dissonance distend distill diverge divest dogmatic dormant dupe ebullient eclectic efficacy
trying to please; overly polite; obliging; willing to please yielding overcoming distrust or hostility overlook voluntarily; forgive; to baffle; perplex; mix up a person possessing expert knowledge or training; a person of informed and discriminating taste. disobedient; rebellious quarrelsome; causing quarrels very sorrowful for a wrong riddle; puzzle with no solution to approach; tend to meet; come together twisted; complicated cowardly to discourage; intimidate; dishearten proper behavior to fail to act respect; regard for another's wish to represent or depict to slur someone's reputation to mock something derived; unoriginal to dry up; completely random; disconnected; rambling something that discourages or hinders bitter verbal attack division into two usually contradictory parts shyness; lack of confidence to spread out act of straying away from the main point funeral hymn to free from misconception perceptive; Exhibiting keen insight and good judgment not in tune difference between not candid; crafty unprejudiced; objective lacking order or coherence; dislocated put away from consideration; reject to belittle dissimilar to pretend; disguise one's motives spread; scatter; disperse disintegration; debauchery discord; lack of harmony expand; swell out extract the essential elements vary; go in different directions from the same point to strip; deprive; rid stating opinions without proof inactive to deceive; trick exhilarated; enthusiastic selecting from various sources efficiency; effectiveness
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
effrontery elegy elicit embellish empirical emulate endemic enervate engender ephemeral equanimity equivocate erudite esoteric eulogy euphemism exacerbate exigency extrapolation facetious facilitate fallacious fatuous fawning felicitous fervor fledgling flout frugality futile gainsay garrulous goad gouge grandiloquent gregarious guileless gullible harangue homogeneous hyperbole iconoclastic idolatry immutable impassive impede impermeable imperturbable impervious implacable implicit implode inadvertently inchoate
shameless boldness; presumptuousness poem or song expressing lamentation to provoke; draw out adorn; ornament; enhance, as a story derived from observation experiment imitate; copy inherent; belonging to an area to weaken to cause; produce short-lived; fleeting composure; calmness to intentionally use vague language learned; scholarly hard to understand; known only to a chosen few high praise especially of a person who has recently died use of agreeable or inoffensive language in place of unpleasant or offensive language to aggravate; make worse crisis; urgent requirement the act of estimation by projecting known information joking (often inappropriately); humorous to make less difficult based on false ideas or facts foolishly self satisfied seeking favor by flattering apt; suitably expressed; appropriate; well chosen warmth and intensity of emotion beginner; novice to treat scornfully thrift ineffective, useless; fruitless to deny; dispute; oppose very talkative; wordy to prod; urge on to tear out; scoop out; overcharge pompous; bombastic; sociable free of cunning or deceit; artless easily deceived long pompous speech; tirade composed of identical parts; uniform in compositions purposeful exaggeration for effect attacking cherished traditions idol worship; blind or excess devotion unchangeable showing no emotion hinder; block impossible to penetrate not easily disturbed impossible to penetrate; incapable of being effected inflexible; incapable of being pleased implied; understood but not stated collapse inward violently carelessly; unintentionally imperfectly formed or formulated
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213
incongruity inconsequential incorporate indigence indolent inert ingenuous inherent innocuous insinuate insipid insularity intractable intransigence inundate inured invective irascible irresolute itinerary laconic lassitude latent laud lethargic levity loquacious lucid luminous magnanimity malingerer malleable maverick mendacious metamorphosis meticulous misanthrope mitigate mollify morose mundane neophyte obdurate obsequious obviate occlude officious onerous opprobrium oscillate ostentatious paragon partisan pathological
state of not fitting insignificant; unimportant introduce something into another thing already in existence; combine poverty habitually lazy; idle unable to move; sluggish naive and trusting; lack; unsophisticated firmly established by nature or habit harmless to suggest; say indirectly; imply lacking in flavor; dull narrow-mindedness; isolation not easily managed stubbornness; refusal of any compromise; to cover with water; overwhelm use to; accustomed; hardened verbal abuse irritable; easily angered unsure how to act; weak route of a traveler's journey using few words lethargy; sluggishness present but hidden; potential to praise inactive light manner of attitude talkative bright clear; intelligible bright; brilliant; glowing generosity; nobility to feign illness to escape duty capable of being shaped by pounding; impressionable dissenter dishonest change; transformation very careful; fastidious some one who hates humanity to cause to become less harsh; severe or painful; alleviate to soothe ill-humored; sullen; worldly as opposed to spiritual; everyday novice; beginner (adj.)stubborn overly submissive to make unnecessary; to anticipate and prevent to shut; block too helpful; meddlesome burdensome disgrace; contempt move back and forth trying to attract attention; showy; pretentious; model of perfection or excellence one-sided; committed to a party, group or cause departing from normal condition
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267
paucity pedantic penchant penury perennial perfidious perfunctory permeable pervasive phlegmatic piety placate plasticity platitude plethora plummet pragmatic preamble precarious precipitate precursor presumptuous prevaricate pristine probity prodigal proliferate propensity propitiate pungent quibble quiescent recalcitrant recluse recondite refractory refute relegate reprobate repudiate rescind resolution reticent reverent sage salubrious satiate secrete shard solicitous soporific spectrum sporadic stigma
scarcity showing off learning inclination extreme poverty present throughout the years; persistent faithless; disloyal; untrustworthy superficial penetrable; porous; spread throughout every part calm in temperament; sluggish devoutness; reverence for God to lessen another's anger to pacify condition of being able to be shaped or formed; pliability stale; overused expression excess; overabundance to fall; plunge practical introductory statement; preliminary statement uncertain to cause to happen; throw down from a height predecessor rude; improperly bold lie; to quibble; evade the truth untouched; uncorrupted honesty; high-mindedness wasteful; extravagant; lavish to increase rapidly inclination; tendency to win over; appease strong, sharp in smell or taste; penetrating; caustic to the point to argue or insignificant and irrelevant details inactive; still resisting authority or control person who lives in seclusion and often in solitude abstruse; profound; secret resisting ordinary methods of treatment disprove; to contradict to consign to an inferior position morally unprincipled person to reject as having no authority to cancel determination; resolve not speaking freely; reserved; reluctant expressing deep respect; worshipful wise healthful to satisfy produce and release a substance into an organism a piece of broken glass or pottery concerned; attentive; eager sleep producing band of colors produced when sunlight passes through a prism irregular; deviating from the norm mark of disgrace or inferiority
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321
stipulate striated substantiate supersede tangential tenuous tirade torpor truculence vacillate venerate veracious verbose viable viscous vituperative volatile warranted welter whimsical zealot abstract accumulate accurate advocate aggregate allocate alter alternative ambiguous amend analogy analyze annual anticipate apparent append appreciate approach appropriate approximate arbitrary aspect assemble assess assign assist assume assure attach attain attitude attribute author
to specify as an essential condition mark with thin narrow grooves or channels to support with proof or evidence to replace, especially to displace as inferior or antiquated peripheral; digressing weak; insubstantial long, violent speech; verbal assault lethargy; dormancy aggressiveness; ferocity to waver; oscillate to adore; honor; respect truthful; accurate wordy practicable; capable of developing syrupy, sticky, gluey abusive; scolding; containing harsh abusive censure tending to vary frequently; fickle justified to wallow or roll; toss about; be in turmoil capricious; fanciful one who is fanatically devoted to a cause thought of apart from concrete realities, specific objects to gather or collect, often in gradual degrees; heap up free from error or defect; consistent with a standard, rule, or model to speak or write in favor of; support or urge by argument amounting to a whole; total to set apart for a particular purpose; assign or allot to make different in some particular way, as size, style, course, or modify a choice limited to one of two or more possibilities open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations to modify, rephrase, or add to or subtract from (a motion, bill, constitution, etc.) a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based to separate (a material or abstract entity) into constituent parts or elements of, for, or pertaining to a year; yearly to realize beforehand; foretaste or foresee readily seen; exposed to sight; open to view to add as a supplement, accessory, or appendix; subjoin to judge with understanding; to be grateful for to come near or nearer to suitable or fitting for a particular purpose, person, occasion, etc. near or approaching a certain state, condition, goal, or standard subject to individual will or judgment without restriction appearance to the eye or mind to fit together the parts of to fix or determine the value or amount to give or allocate; allot to give support or aid to to take for granted or without proof; suppose; postulate to declare earnestly to; inform or tell positively; state with confidence to fasten or affix; join; connect to reach, achieve, or accomplish; gain; obtain manner, disposition, feeling, position to regard as resulting from a specified cause a person who writes a novel, poem, essay
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375
authority automate available benefit bias brief capable capacity category cease challenge channel chart chemical circumstance clarify classic clause coherent coincide collapse colleague commence commission commit commodity communicate community compatible compensate compile complement complex component compound comprehensive comprise compute conceive concentrate concept conclude concurrent conduct confer confine confirm conflict conform consent consequent considerable consist constant
the power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes to apply the principles of automation to a mechanical process suitable or ready for use; of use or service something that is advantageous or good; an advantage a particular tendency or inclination lasting or taking a short time; using few words; concise; succinct having power and ability; efficient; competent the ability to receive or contain any general or comprehensive division; a class to stop; discontinue; to come to an end a call or summons to engage in any contest, as of skill, strength a navigable route between two bodies of water a sheet exhibiting information in tabular form a substance produced by or used in a chemical process a condition, detail, or attribute, with respect to time, place, manner to make (an idea, statement, etc.) clear or intelligible of the first or highest quality, class, or rank a syntactic construction containing a subject and predicate logically connected; consistent to occupy the same place in space, or the same relative position to fall or cave in; crumble suddenly an associate to begin; start the act of committing or giving in charge to give in trust or charge; consign an article of trade or commerce, especially a product as distinguished from a service to impart knowledge of; make known a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality capable of existing or living together in harmony to recompense for something to put together something that completes or makes perfect composed of many interconnected parts a constituent part; element; ingredient composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients of large scope; covering or involving much; inclusive to include or contain to determine by calculation; reckon; calculate to form (a notion, opinion, purpose, etc.) to bring or draw to a common center or point of union; converge a general notion or idea to bring to an end; finish; terminate occurring or existing simultaneously or side by side personal behavior; way of acting; bearing or deportment to consult together; compare opinions to enclose within bounds; limit or restrict to establish the truth, accuracy, validity, or genuineness of to come into collision or disagreement; be contradictory, or in opposition to act in accordance or harmony; comply to permit, approve, or agree; comply or yield following as an effect or result; resulting rather large or great in size, distance or extent to be made up or composed not changing or varying; uniform; regular; invariable
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429
constitute constrain construct consult consume contact contemporary context contract contradict contrary contrast contribute controversy convene converse convert convince cooperate coordinate corporate correspond couple criteria crucial culture currency debate decade decline deduce definite demonstrate denote depress derive detect deviate devote differentiate dimension discrete discriminate displace dispose distinct distort distribute diverse domain domestic dominate drama dynamic
to compose; form; to appoint to an office or function to force, compel, or oblige to build or form by putting together parts; frame; devise to seek advice or information from; ask guidance from to destroy or expend by use; use up the act or state of touching; as of two things or people existing, occurring, or living at the same time the parts of a statement influencing its meaning or effect an agreement between for the doing or not doing a specific action to assert the contrary or opposite of; deny directly and categorically opposite in nature or character; diametrically or mutually opposed: contrary to fact to compare in order to show unlikeness or differences; note the opposite natures to give to a common supply, fund, etc., as for charitable purposes a prolonged public dispute or disputation concerning a matter of opinion to come together or assemble, usually for some public purpose to talk informally with another or others; exchange views, opinions, etc., by talking to change (something) into a different form or properties; transmute; transform to move by argument or evidence to belief, agreement, consent, or a course of action to work or act together or jointly for a common purpose or benefit of the same order or degree; equal in rank or importance of, for, or belonging to a corporation or corporations to be in agreement or conformity (often followed by with or to ) two of the same sort considered together; pair a standard of judgment or criticism; a rule or principle for evaluating or testing something involving an extremely important decision or result; decisive; critical the quality that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, etc. something that is used as a medium of exchange; money a discussion, as of a public question in an assembly, involving opposing viewpoints a period of ten years to withhold or deny consent to do, enter into or upon, etc.; refuse to derive as a conclusion from something known or assumed clearly defined or determined; not vague or general; fixed; precise; exact to make evident or establish by arguments or reasoning; prove to be a mark or sign of; indicate to make sad or gloomy; lower in spirits; deject; dispirit to receive or obtain from a source or origin (usually followed by from ). to discover or catch (a person) in the performance of some act to turn aside, as from a route, way, course, etc. to give up or concentrate on a particular pursuit, occupation, purpose, cause, etc. to form or mark differently from other such things; distinguish a property of space; extension in a given direction apart or detached from others; separate; distinct to make a distinction on the basis of the group category rather than according to actual merit to compel (a person or persons) to leave home, country, etc. to give a tendency or inclination to; incline distinguished as not being the same; not identical; separate (sometimes followed by from ) to twist awry or out of shape; make crooked or deformed to divide and give out in shares; deal out; allot of a different kind, form, character, etc.; unlike a field of action, thought, influence, etc. of or pertaining to the home, the household, household affairs, or the family to rule over; govern; control a composition involving conflict or contrast of character; a play pertaining to or characterized by energy or effective action
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483
economy element eliminate emerge emphasis energy enforce enormous environment equate equivalent erode establish estimate ethic evaluate explicit exploit extract federal finite flexible fluctuate guarantee hierarchy hypothesis ideology immigrate implement implicate impose incentive incidence inevitable infrastructure initial innovate institute integrate intelligent interval intervene intrinsic invest investigate invoke involve isolate legislate levy liberal locate maintain major
A A A to come forth into view or notice, as from concealment or obscurity A special stress laid upon, or importance attached to, anything A the capacity for vigorous activity; available power A to put or keep in force; compel obedience to: to enforce a rule A greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc. A the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings. A to regard, treat, or represent as equivalent A equal in value, measure, force, effect, significance, etc. A to eat into or away; destroy by slow consumption or disintegration A to found, institute, build, or bring into being on a firm or stable basis A to form an approximate judgment or opinion regarding the worth, amount, size, weight, etc. A the body of moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a particular culture or group A to determine or set the value or amount of; appraise A fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied; unequivocal A a striking or notable deed; feat; spirited or heroic act A to get, pull, or draw out, usually with special effort, skill, or force A pertaining to or of the nature of a union of states under a central government distinct from the individual governments A of the se having bounds or limits; not infinite; measurable A capable of being bent, usually without breaking A to change continually; shift back and forth; vary irregularly A a promise , especially one in writing, that something is of specified quality, etc. A any system of persons or things ranked one above another A a proposition assumed as a premise in an argument A the body of doctrine that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group A to come to a country of which one is not a native, usually for permanent residence A any article used in some activity, especially an instrument, tool, or utensil A to show to be also involved, usually in an incriminating manner A to lay on or set as something to be borne, endured, obeyed, fulfilled, paid, etc. A something to incite to action, as a reward offered for increased productivity A the rate or range of occurrence of something, especially of something unwanted A unable to be avoided, evaded, or escaped; certain; necessary A the basic underlying framework or features of a system or organization A of, pertaining to, or occurring at the beginning; first: the initial step in a process A to introduce something new; make changes in anything established A to set up; establish; organize A to bring together or incorporate (parts) into a whole A having good understanding or a high mental capacity; quick to comprehend animals A an intervening period of time A to come between disputing people, groups, etc.; intercede; mediate A belonging to a thing by its very nature A to put (money) to use, by purchase or expenditure, in something offering potential profits A to examine, study, or inquire into systematically; search or examine into the particulars of A to call for with earnest desire; make supplication or pray for A to include as a necessary circumstance, condition, or consequence A to set or place apart; detach or separate so as to be alone A to make or enact laws A an imposing or collecting, as of a tax, by authority or force A favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs A to identify or discover the place or location of A to keep in existence or continuance; preserve; retain A one of superior rank, ability, etc., in a specified class A thrifty management; frugality in the expenditure or consumption of money, materials, etc.
a component of a whole or one of the parts into which a whole may be resolved by analysis to remove or get rid of, especially as being in some way undesirable
MORRIS COLLEGE ADVANCED VOCABULARY LIST - 500 WORDS - Updated December 2012 B = Barron's Essential Words (1 - 288) A = Academic Word List (289-500) 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500
manipulate maximize mediate medical migrate minimize monitor negate orient paradigm perspective phenomenon pursue rational reluctance revenue sequence
to manage or influence skillfully, especially in an unfair manner to increase to the greatest possible amount or degree to settle (disputes, strikes, etc.) as an intermediary between parties of or pertaining to the science or practice of medicine to go from one country, region, or place to another to reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree a person appointed to assist in the conduct of a class or school, or keep order to deny the existence, evidence, or truth of the countries of Asia, especially East Asia an example that serves as a pattern or model a technique of depicting volumes and spatial relationships on a flat surface a fact, occurrence, or circumstance observed or observable to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, etc.; chase agreeable to reason; reasonable; sensible unwillingness; disinclination the income of a government from taxation, excise duties, customs, or other sources, the following of one thing after another; succession WORDS LEFT OFF OF THE ORIGINAL LIST
cacophonous
unpleasant or harsh sounding
discredit
to dishonor; disgrace; cause to be doubted to damage; injure
impair rarefied recant strut subpoena tacit
refined to retract a statement or opinion to swagger; display to impress others notice ordering someone to appear in court
tortuous
silently understood; implied having many twist and turns; highly complex
transgression
act of trespassing or violating a law or rule
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A