Telugu Alphabet - Telugu Association of Maine

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit Workbook for Module 1

C P Brown Academy The Alpha Foundation Hyderabad

Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1 Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu Managing Editor: GRK Murty Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao Editorial Support: C Rama Devi, Y Anand T Rajendra Prasad Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu Visualizer: S Ganesh Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu @ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved. Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or sellers. Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to civil and criminal prosecution. First Edition: 2008 Printed in India Published by

C P Brown Academy 8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta Hyderabad - 500 082, India. Website: www.alphacharities.org Printed at: M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd. 1, Technocrat Industrial Estate Balanagar Cross Roads Hyderabad-500 037, India.

Foreword -

The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu . speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels, consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu. . The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics. For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol ‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word ‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English. The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily. We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to the learners. Enjoy! SS Prabhakar Rao

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å TELUGU ALPHABET Vowels (JK«∞Å Û ∞: Acculu) *

a–

a

far

u–

wood

.lu

i

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B come

u

–

i

.lu–

look

bit

– ru .

ru .

cool

.rusi.

root

e

e–

ai

get

loop

o–

o

feel

rotate

stake

au

oat

am .

mite

out

ah.

JO Jó some

half

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.

4

Consonants (Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡Å∞

:

Hallulu)

36 Characters *

k

g

kh

gh

Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ Î Î K« K« Kè« [ ~°≠ & @ ~î° _» _è» `« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ khaki

silk

.c

c

.capa

church

.j

jhansi

th .

take .

t

tabala

nilakantha .

dh .

dh

though

n.

dhoti

} #

prana .

- asadha . .

bird

d

thumb

jug

~ sanjna

d.

th

j

~ n

jh

t.

prajna

.jabili

witch

V [

.

ghost

go

ch

. n

n

nature

* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.

5

p

ph

b

bh

m

Ñ¨ Ñ¶¨ | Éèí =∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊ = â◊ +¨ ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é cup

phone

y

bat

r

young

v

bharat

l

l.

rust

s

s.

´sastry

levy

home

sun

ship

r.

ksh

h

-- kalimata .

lump

s´

month

error

raksha

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

( LÉèÜ í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞::

–

–

Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga) Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

Í Í They are 6

.lu .lu-

K« [ |∞∂ ru.c

.j

.

JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Vowels? a

a–

come

far –

i

i

bit

feel –

u

u

wood

cool

ru .

.rusi .

– ru .

root 7

e

e

get

stake

ai

o

mite

rotate

o

au

oat

out am .

some ah.

half 8

Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Consonants? k

kh

silk

– khaki

g

gh

go

ghost . n

. prajna c

ch

church

witch

j

jh

jug

– jhansi ~ n

~ sanjna 9

t.

th .

take

nilakantha .

d.

dh .

bird

– – asadha . .

–

n.

– prana .

th

t

tabala

thumb

d

dh

though

– dhoti

n

nature 10

p

ph

cup

phone

b

bh

bat bharat m

month y

r

young

rust

l

l.

lump

– – kalimata .

v

s´

levy

sastry ´

–

–

11

s.

ship s

sun h

home ksh

raksha

.r

error 12

How to write Vowels? For practice

a

a–

i

– i

13

u

– u

.ru

– .ru

e

e– 14

ai

o

– o

au

am .

ah. 15

How to write Consonants? For practice

k

kh

g

gh

. n 16

c

ch

j

jh

~ n 17

t.

th .

d.

dh .

n.

18

t

th

d

dh

n

19

p

ph

b

bh

m 20

y

r

l

.l

v 21

s´

s.

s

h

k s h

.r 22

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels

J

Ñ¨

L

JO

Hõ

|

U

B

QÆ

Ü«∞

S

~

Ñ¶¨∞

P

`«

ó

V

D

^èŒ

X

K«

Z

^Œ

|∞∞

@

~°

à◊

W

~î°

#

Å

&

}

~°≠

_è»

Kè« 23

Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants

24

J

Z

JO

â◊

Hõ

_»

}

JO

P

U

Jó

ã¨

QÆ

_è»

=∞

Jó

W

S

|∞∞

=

Y

~î°

^Œ

B

D

X

|∞∂

Ü«∞

Ñ¶¨∞

@

^èŒ

~°≠

L

F

Ñ¨

à◊

V

&

Éèí

[

T

B

+¨

~°

Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters

F X V & [ ~°≠ ^èŒ # Å ~° ~° â◊

–o –o –n – n~ –j – jh – dh –n –l –r –r – s´

B | [ W X Ñ¶¨∞ ^äŒè } à◊ é ~î° ã¨

– au –b –j –i –o – gh – th –n –l –r – th –s 25

+¨ T JO =∞ Ñ¶¨ Å Y Ñ¨ Hõ ~î° Z U 26

–s –u – am –m – ph –l – kh –p –k – th –e –e

â◊ D Jó Ü«∞ Éèí @ Éèí U Hõ∆ ^äŒ U S

– s´ –i – ah –y – bh –t – bh –e – ksh – th –e – ai

Symbols of Gunintamulu . Telugu Letter

Roman Character

J

a

P

– a

W

i

D

Symbol How to write Symbol

For practice

– i

L

u

T

u–

|∞∞

ru .

|∞∂

ru

Z

e

U

e–

S

ai

X

o

F

– o

B

au

JO

am .

Jó

ah

–

.

.

27

.

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

H± Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ 28

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Hõ HÍ H˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó

–

ka

–

– ka

–

ki

–

– ki

–

ku

–

– ku

–

kru .

–

– kru .

–

ke

–

– ke

–

kai

–

ko

–

– ko

–

kau

–

kam .

–

kah.

'Hõ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu) .

For practice

For practice ka Gunintamu (Hõ .

#∞O_ç Hõó)

Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ 29

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Mò Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 30

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂

–

kha

–

– kha

–

khi

–

– khi

–

khu

–

– khu

Y$ –

khru .

Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó

–

– khru .

–

khe

–

– khe

–

khai

–

kho

–

– kho

–

khau

–

kham .

–

khah.

'Y— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu) . For practice

For practice: kha Gunintamu ( .

Y #∞O_ç Yó)

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 31

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Q∑ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ 32

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQ ˆQ ÔQ· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó

–

ga

–

– ga

–

gi

–

– gi

–

gu

–

– gu

– –

gru . – gru .

–

ge

–

– ge

–

gai

–

go

–

– go

–

gau

–

gam .

–

gah.

For practice

For practice: ga Gunintamu ( .

QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó) QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·ˇ Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ 33

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ¶∞¨ — QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Ñ¶π∞ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¶∞¨ 34

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ñ¶¨∞ – Ñ¶∂¨ – Ñ¶∞≤ – Ñ¶∞‘ – Ñ¶Ú ¨ – Ñ¶¸ ¨ – Ñ¶∞¨ $ – Ñ¶∞¨ $Ï – ÃÑ¶∞ – ¿Ñ¶∞ – ÃÑ¶∞ÿ – Ñ¶∞¨ Á – Ñ¶∞¨ ’ – Ñ¶∞¨ ø – Ñ¶∞¨ O – Ñ¶∞¨ ó –

gha – gha ghi – ghi ghu – ghu ghru . – ghru . ghe – ghe ghai gho – gho ghau gham . ghah.

For practice

For practice: gha Gunintamu ( .

Ñ¶∞¨ #∞O_ç Ñ¶∞¨ ó) Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∂ Ñ¶≤∞ Ñ¶‘∞ Ñ¶¨Ú Ñ¶¨¸ Ñ¶¨∞$ Ñ¶¨∞$Ï ÃÑ¶∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃÑ¶∞ÿ Ñ¶¨∞Á Ñ¶¨∞’ Ñ¶¨∞ø Ñ¶¨∞O Ñ¶¨∞ó Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¶¨∞ 35

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Kü K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« 36

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó

–

ca

–

– ca

–

ci

–

– ci

–

cu

–

– cu

–

cru .

–

– cru .

–

ce

–

– ce

–

cai

–

co

–

– co

–

cau

–

cam .

–

cah.

For practice

For practice: ca Gunintamu ( .

K«Æ #∞O_ç K«óÆ ) K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K«Æ K« K« K« 37

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè«— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Kèü Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« 38

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè∞« Kè«∂ Kè$« Kè$« Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè·≥ Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ KèO« Kè«ó

–

cha

–

– cha

–

chi

–

– chi

–

chu

–

– chu

–

chru .

–

– chru .

–

che

–

– che

–

chai

–

cho

–

– cho

–

chau

–

cham .

–

chah.

For practice

For practice: cha Gunintamu ( .

Kè« #∞O_ç Kèó« ) Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« 39

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ja-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

*ò [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 40

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *ˇ *Ë *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó

–

ja

–

– ja

–

ji

–

ji

–

ju

–

– ju

–

– –

jru .

–

je

–

– je

–

jai

–

jo

–

– jo

–

jau

–

jam .

–

jah.

– jru .

For practice

For practice: ja Gunintamu ( .

[ #∞O_ç [ó) [ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 41

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (jha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

~ü≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~°≠ – ~°≠Ï – i≠ – s≠ – ~°≠∞ – ~°≠∂– ~°≠$ – ~°≠$Ï– Ô~≠ – ˆ~≠ – ~Ô ≠ÿ – ~Ô ≠∞ – ~Ô ≠Ï – ~°≠ø – ~°≠O–

~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – 42

jha – jha jhi – jhi jhu – jhu jhru . – jhru . jhe – jhe jhai jho – jho jhau jham . jhah.

For practice

For practice: jha Gunintamu ( .

~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó) ~°≠ ~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞ ~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï ~Ô ≠ ~ˆ ~¡-≠ ~Ô ≠ÿ ~Ô ≠∞ ~Ô ≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ ~°≠ 43

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

\ò @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 44

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >ˇÿ \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó

– – –

ta . – ta .

–

ti. – ti.

–

.tu

–

– .tu

–

. .tru

–

– . .tru

–

te .

–

– te .

–

tai .

– –

to . – to .

–

tau .

–

tam . .

–

tah . .

For practice

For practice: ta ( . . Gunintamu

@ #∞O_ç @ó) @ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 45

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

~îü ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° 46

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î∞° ~î∂° ~î$° ~î$° Ï ~Ô î ~ˆ î ~Ô ·î ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~îO° ~î°ó

–

tha .

–

– tha .

– – –

thi . – thi .

–

thu . – thu .

–

thru . .

–

– thru . .

–

the .

–

– the .

–

thai .

–

tho .

–

– tho .

–

thau .

–

tham . .

–

thah . .

For practice

For practice t.ha Gunintamu (~î° .

#∞O_ç ~î°ó)

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï Ô~î ˆ~î Ô~î· ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î° ~î° ~î°õ ~î° ~î°õ ~î°õ ~î°õ 47

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

_£ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» 48

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ˇ _Õ _≥ÿ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó

– – –

da . – da .

–

di . – di .

–

du .

–

– du .

–

dru ..

–

– dru ..

–

de .

–

– de .

–

dai .

–

do .

–

– do .

–

dau .

–

dam . .

–

dah . .

For practice

For practice: da ( . . Gunintamu

_» #∞O_ç _»ó) _» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·ˇ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó _» _Æ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» 49

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

_è£ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» 50

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è∞» _è∂» _è$» _è$» Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è·≥ _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _èO» _è»ó

– – – – –

dha . – dha . dhi . – dhi .

–

dhu . – dhu .

–

dhru . .

–

– dhru . .

–

dhe .

–

– dhe .

–

dhai .

–

dho .

–

– dho .

–

dhau .

–

dham . .

–

dhah . .

For practice

For practice: dha Gunintamu ( . .

_è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó _è» _è» _è» _è»Æ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è»Æ _è» 51

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '}— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

}ü } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 52

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

} – }Ï – }˜ – }© – }∞ – }∂ – }$ – }$Ï – }ˇ – }Ë – }ˇÿ – }˘ – }À – }∫ – }O – }ó –

na . – na . ni . – ni . nu . – nu . nru .. – nru .. ne . – ne . nai . no . – no . nau . nam . . nah . .

For practice

For practice: na ( . . Gunintamu

} #∞O_ç }ó)

} }Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }ˇ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘ }À }∫ }O }ó } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 53

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '`«— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

`ü `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« 54

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J ´ P ´ W ´ D ´ L ´ T ´ |∞∞ ´ |∞∂ ´ Z ´ U ´ S ´ X ´ F ´ B ´ JO ´ Jó ´

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó

–

ta

–

– ta

–

ti

–

– ti

–

tu

–

– tu

–

tru .

–

– tru .

–

te

–

– te

–

tai

–

to

–

– to

–

tau

–

tam .

–

tah.

For practice

For practice: ta Gunintamu (`« .

#∞O_ç `«ó)

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó `«Æ `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« 55

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^äŒ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^ä£ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ 56

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^ä∞Œ ^ä∂Œ ^ä$Œ ^ä$Œ Ï ^ä≥ ^äËÕ ^ä·≥ ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äOŒ ^äŒó

–

tha

–

– tha

–

thi

–

– thi

–

thu

–

– thu

– –

thru .

–

the

–

– the

–

thai

–

tho

–

– tho

–

thau

–

tham .

–

thah.

– thru .

For practice

For practice: tha Gunintamu ( .

^äŒ #∞O_ç ^äŒó)

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ 57

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^Œ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^£ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ 58

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^≥ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO

–

da

–

– da

–

di

–

di

–

du

–

– du

–

dru .

–

– dru .

–

de

–

– de

–

dai

–

do

–

– do

–

dau

–

dam .

{ Jó ´ ^Œó –

dah.

–

For practice

For practice: da Gunintamu (^Œ .

#∞O_ç ^Œó)

^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^ˇ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO ^Œó ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ 59

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^èŒ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^è£ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ 60

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^è∞Œ ^è∂Œ ^è$Œ ^è$Œ Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è·≥ ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èOŒ ^èŒó

–

dha

–

– dha

–

dhi

–

– dhi

–

dhu

–

– dhu

– –

dhru .

–

dhe

–

– dhe

–

dhai

–

dho

–

– dho

–

dhau

–

dham .

–

dhah.

– dhru .

For practice

For practice: dha Gunintamu (^èŒ .

#∞O_ç ^èŒó)

^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^èŒ∞ ^èŒ∂ ^èŒ$ ^èŒ$Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è≥· ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èŒO ^èŒó ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ 61

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

<£ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 62

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

# <å x h #∞ #∂ #$ #$Ï <≥ <ÕÕ <≥· <˘ <À <Ò #O

–

na

–

– na

–

ni

–

– ni

–

nu

–

– nu

–

nru .

–

– nru .

–

ne

–

– ne

–

nai

–

no

–

– no

–

nau

–

nam .

{ Jó ´ #ó –

nah.

For practice

For practice: na Gunintamu ( .

# #∞O_ç #ó)

# <å x h #∞ #∂ #$ #$Ï <≥ <Õ <≥· <˘ <À <Ò #O #ó # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 63

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (pa-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Ñπ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨

Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨

Ñ¨ Ñ¨ 64

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ñ¨ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨$ Ñ¨$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ ÑÖ Ñ¨ó

–

pa

–

– pa

–

pi

–

– pi

–

pu

–

– pu

– –

pru . – pru .

–

pe

–

– pe

–

pai

–

po

–

– po

–

pau

–

pam .

–

pah.

For practice

For practice: pa Gunintamu ( Ñ¨ .

#∞O_ç Ñ¨ó )

Ñ¨ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨$ Ñ¨$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ ÑÖ Ñ¨ó Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ Ñ¨ 65

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ¶¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (pha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Ñ¶π Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ 66

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ñ¶¨ á¶ê Ñ¶≤ Ñ¶‘ Ñ¶Ù¨ Ñ¶Ó¨ Ñ¶$¨ Ñ¶$¨ Ï ÃÑ¶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃÑ¶· á¶⁄ á¶È á¶œ Ñ¶O¨

–

pha

–

– pha

–

phi

–

– phi

–

phu

–

– phu

– –

phru . – phru .

–

phe

–

– phe

–

phai

–

pho

–

– pho

–

phau

–

pham .

{ Jó ´ Ñ¶ó¨ –

phah.

For practice

For practice: pha Gunintamu (Ñ¶¨ .

#∞O_ç Ñ¶ó¨ )

Ñ¶¨ á¶ê Ñ¶≤ Ñ¶‘ Ñ¶¨Ù Ñ¶¨Ó Ñ¶¨$ Ñ¶¨$Ï ÃÑ¶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃÑ¶· á¶⁄ á¶È á¶œ Ñ¶Ö Ñ¶¨ó Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ Ñ¶¨ 67

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '|— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ba-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Éò | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | 68

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï Éˇ ÉË Éˇ· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó

–

ba

–

– ba

–

bi

–

– bi

–

bu

–

– bu

– –

bru .

–

be

–

– be

–

bai

–

bo

–

– bo

–

bau

–

bam .

–

bah.

– bru .

For practice

For practice: ba Gunintamu (| .

#∞O_ç |ó)

| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï Éˇ ÉËË Éˇ· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 69

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Éèí— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (bha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Éèò Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí 70

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éè∞í Éè∂í Éè$í Éè$í Ï Éèˇ ÉèË Éè·ˇ ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèOí

–

bha

–

– bha

–

bhi

–

– bhi

–

bhu

–

– bhu

–

bhru .

–

– bhru .

–

bhe

–

– bhe

–

bhai

–

bho

–

– bho

–

bhau

–

bham .

{ Jó ´ Éèóí –

bhah.

For practice

For practice: bha Gunintamu (Éèí .

#∞O_ç Éèíó)

Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éèˇ ÉèË Éèˇ· ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèíO Éèíó Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí Éèí 71

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=∞— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ma-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

"£∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞

=∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞

=∞ =∞ 72

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

=∞ – =∂ – q∞ – g∞ – =Ú – =¸ – =∞$ – =∞$Ï – "≥∞ – "Õ∞ – "≥∞ÿ – "≥Ú – "≥∂ – =∞ø – =∞O – =∞ó –

ma – ma mi – mi mu – mu mru . – mru . me – me mai mo – mo mau mam . mah.

For practice

For practice: ma Gunintamu (=∞ .

#∞O_ç =∞ó)

=∞ =∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú "≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ =∞ 73

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ya-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Üü∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ { Ü«∞ {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ü«∞ – Ü«∂ – ~Ú – ~¸ – Ü«Ú – Ü«¸– Ü«∞$ – Ü«∞$Ï– Ü≥∞ – ÜÕ∞ – Ü≥∞ÿ – Ü≥Ú – Ü≥∂ – Ü«∞ø – Ü«∞O–

Ü«∞ { Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – 74

ya – ya yi – yi yu – yu yru . – yru . ye – ye yai yo – yo yau yam . yah.

For practice

For practice: ya Gunintamu (Ü«∞ .

#∞O_ç Ü«∞ó)

Ü«∞ Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«ÚÜ«¸Ü«∞$Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥∞ÿ Ü≥Ú Ü≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞OÜ«∞ó Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ Ü«∞ 75

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

~ü ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~°

~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~°

~° ~° 76

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï ~Ô ~ˆ ~Ô · ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó

–

ra

–

– ra

–

ri

–

ri

–

ru

–

– ru

– –

rru . – rru .

–

re

–

– re

–

rai

–

ro

–

– ro

–

rau

–

ram .

–

rah.

–

For practice

For practice: ra Gunintamu (~° .

#∞O_ç ~°ó)

~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï Ô~ ˆ~ Ô~· ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° ~° 77

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Å— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Öò Å Å Å Å Å Å

Å Å Å Å Å Å Å

Å Å 78

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó

–

la

–

– la

–

li

–

li

–

lu

–

– lu

–

– –

lru .

–

le

–

– le

–

lai

–

lo

–

– lo

–

lau

–

lam .

–

lah .

– lru .

For practice

For practice: la Gunintamu (Å .

Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ·

#∞O_ç Åó)

ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó

Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å Å 79

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'à◊— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

àò { J à◊ { P à◊ { W à◊ { D à◊ { L à◊ { T à◊ { |∞∞ à◊ { |∞∂ à◊ { Z à◊ { U à◊ { S à◊ { X à◊ { F à◊ { B à◊ { JO 80

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O

–

.la

–

– .la

– –

.li – .li

–

.lu

–

– .lu

–

. .lru

–

– .lru .

–

.le

–

– .le

–

.lai

–

.lo

–

– .lo

–

.lau

–

. .lam

à◊ { Jó ´ à◊ó –

.lah.

For practice

For practice: .la Gunintamu (à◊ .

#∞O_ç à◊ó)

à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹ˇ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O à◊ó à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ à◊ 81

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (va-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

"£ { J ´ = { P ´ = { W ´ = { D ´ = { L ´ = { T ´ = { |∞∞ ´ = { |∞∂ ´ = { Z ´ = { U ´ = { S ´ = { X ´ = { F ´ = { B ´ = { JO ´ 82

= "å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ "Õ "≥·‹ "˘ "À "Ò =O

–

va

–

– va

–

vi

–

vi

–

vu

–

– vu

–

–

–

vru . – vru .

–

ve

–

– ve

–

vai

–

vo

–

– vo

–

vau

–

vam .

= { Jó ´ =ó –

vah.

For practice

For practice: va Gunintamu (= .

=

#∞O_ç =ó)

"å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ˇ "Õ "≥· "˘ "À "Ò =O =ó

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 83

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . ´ Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'â◊— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

âò â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊

â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊

â◊ â◊ 84

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

â◊ âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï â‹ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó

–

´ sa

–

´– sa

–

´ si

–

– ´ si

–

´ su

–

´– su

– –

´. sru

–

´ se

–

´– se

–

´ sai

–

´ so

–

´– so

–

´ sau

–

´ sam .

–

´ sah .

´. – sru

For practice

´ Gunintamu (â◊ For practice: sa .

â◊

#∞O_ç â◊ó)

âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï âˇ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó

â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ â◊ 85

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '+¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

+π { J +¨ { P +¨ { W +¨ { D +¨ { L +¨ { T +¨ { |∞∞ +¨ { |∞∂ +¨ { Z +¨ { U +¨ { S +¨ { X +¨ { F +¨ { B +¨ { JO 86

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

+¨ ëê +≤ +‘ +¨µ +¨Ø +¨$ +¨$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+·· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +Ö

– – –

sa . – sa .

–

si . – si .

–

su .

–

– su .

–

sru ..

–

– sru ..

–

se .

–

– se .

–

sai .

–

so .

–

– so .

–

sau .

–

sam . .

+¨ { Jó ´ +¨ó –

sah . .

For practice

For practice: sa (+¨ . . Gunintamu

#∞O_ç +¨ó)

+¨ ëê +≤ +‘ +¨µ +¨Ø +¨$ +¨$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +Ö +¨ó +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ +¨ 87

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'ã¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

ãπ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨¨ ã¨¨ ã¨¨

ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ 88

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

ã¨ ™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ãÖ ã¨ó

– sa – sa– –

si

–

– si

– su – su–

– sru . – – sru . – se – se– – sai – so – so– – sau –sam. – sah.

For practice

For practice: sa Gunintamu ( ã¨ .

#∞O_ç ã¨ó)

ã¨ ™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ãÖ ã¨ó ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ ã¨ 89

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ç¨Ï— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

ÇπÏ { J Ç¨Ï { P Ç¨Ï { W Ç¨Ï { D Ç¨Ï { L Ç¨Ï { T Ç¨Ï { |∞∞ Ç¨Ï { |∞∂ Ç¨Ï { Z Ç¨Ï { U Ç¨Ï { S Ç¨Ï { X Ç¨Ï { F Ç¨Ï { B Ç¨Ï { JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ç¨Ï – Ç¨ – Ç≤Ï – Ç‘Ï – Ç¨ï – Ç¨˙ – Ç¨Ï$ – Ç¨Ï$Ï – ÃÇÏ – ¿ÇÏ – ÃÇ·Ï – Ç¨Ï∏ – Ç¨ÏŸ – Ç¨Ï∫ – Ç¨ÏO –

Ç¨Ï { Jó ´ Ç¨Ïó – 90

ha – ha hi – hi hu – hu hru . – hru . he – he hai ho – ho hau ham . hah.

For practice

For practice: ha Gunintamu (Ç¨Ï .

#∞O_ç Ç¨Ïó)

Ç¨Ï Ç¨ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ç¨˙ Ç¨Ï$ Ç¨Ï$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏ Ç¨ÏŸ Ç¨Ï∫ Ç¨ÏO Ç¨Ïó Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï Ç¨Ï 91

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ∆— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu) . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

H∆± Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆

Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ 92

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {


´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Hõ∆ H∆Í H˜∆ H©∆ ‰õΩ∆ ‰õ∆Ä Hõ$∆ Hõ$∆ Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆ ÔH∆Â H∆˘ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó

–

ksha

–

– ksha

–

kshi

–

– kshi

–

kshu

–

– kshu

– –

kshru . – kshru .

–

kshe

–

– kshe

–

kshai

–

ksho

–

– ksho

–

kshau

–

ksham .

–

kshah.

For practice

For practice: ksha Gunintamu ( .

Hõ∆ H∆Í H˜∆

H©∆ ‰õ∆Ω ‰õ∆Ä Hõ∆$ Hõ∆$Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆

Hõ∆ #∞O_ç Hõ∆ó)

ÔH∆Â H∆˘ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó

Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ Hõ∆ 93

QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'é— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu) . . Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

éü { J é { P é { W é { D é { L é { T é { |∞∞ é { |∞∂ é { Z é { U é { S é { X é { F é { B é { JO 94

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï éˇ éË éˇÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO

–

.ra

–

– .ra

– –

.ri – .ri

–

ru .

–

– .ru

–

.rru .

–

– .rru .

–

.re

–

– .re

–

.rai

–

.ro

–

– .ro

–

.rau

–

ram . .

é { Jó ´ éó –

.rah.

For practice

For practice: .ra Gunintamu (é .

#∞O_ç éó)

é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï éˇˇ éË éˇÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO éó é é é é é é é é é é é é é é é é 95

Symbols of Vottulu k

kh

g

gh

Hõ ¯

Y ö

QÆ æ

Ñ¶¨∞ …

c

ch

j

V

K« Û

Kè« Ûù

[ ˚

jh

~ n

t.

th .

~°≠

&

~î°

~°≠

&

@ ì

ª

d.

dh .

n.

t

_è»

`«

_è

} ‚

th

d

dh

n

^äŒ

^Œ

^èŒ

#

÷

Ì

ú

fl

. n

V

_» ¤

96

Î

p

ph

b

bh

Ñ¨

Ñ¶¨

|

Éèí

Ê

Êù

ƒ

ƒù

m

y

r

l

=∞

Ü«∞

~°

Å

‡

º

„

¡

.l

v

s´

s.

à◊

=

â◊

+¨

§

fi

≈

¬

s

h

ksha

ra .

ã¨

Ç¨Ï

Hõ∆

é

û

›

∆

]

VOTTULU for "k" consonant

'Hõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Hõ¯ – kka

Hõú –

kdha

Hõö –

kkha

Hõfl –

kna

Hõæ –

kga

HõÊ – kpa

Hõ… –

kgha

HõÊù – kpha

HõÛ –

kca

Hõƒ–

kba

HõÛù – kcha

Hõƒù–

kbha

Hõ˚ –

kja

Hõ‡ – kma

Hõ –

kjha

Hõº – kya

Hõì –

kta .

„Hõ –

kra

Hõª–

ktha .

Hõ¡ –

kla

Hõ¤ – Hõ – Hõ‚ –

kda .

Hõ§–

kla .

kdha .

Hõfi – kva

kna .

Hõ≈ –

´ ksa

HõÎ –

kta

Hõ¬ –

ksa .

Hõ÷ –

ktha

Hõû – ksa

HõÌ –

kda

Hõ› –

~°≠

kha 97

VOTTULU for "kha" consonant

'Y— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

98

Y¯ – khka

Yú –

Yö –

khkha

Yfl – khna

Yæ –

khga

YÊ – khpa

khdha

Y… – khgha

YÊù – khpha

YÛ – khca

Yƒ – khba

YÛù – khcha

Yƒù – khbha

Y˚ –

khja

Y‡ – khma

Y~°≠ –

khjha

Yº – khya

Yì –

khta .

„Y – khra

Yª –

khtha .

Y¡ –

khla

Y¤ –

khda .

Y§–

khla .

Y–

khdha .

Yfi – khva

Y‚ –

khna .

Y≈ – khsa´

YÎ –

khta

Y¬ –

Y÷ –

khtha

Yû – khsa

YÌ –

khda

Y› – khha

khsa .

VOTTULU for "ga" consonant

'QÆõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice QÆ¯ – gka

QÆú –

QÆö –

gkha

QÆfl – gna

QÆæ –

gga

QÆÊ – gpa

QÆ… –

ggha

QÆÊù – gpha

gdha

QÆÛ – gca

QÆƒ – gba

QÆÛù – gcha

QÆƒù – gbha

QÆ˚ –

gja

QÆ‡ – gma

QÆ –

gjha

QÆº – gya

QÆì –

gta

„QÆ –

gra

QÆª –

gtha

QÆ¡

–

gla

QÆ¤ –

gda .

QÆ§ –

gla .

QÆ –

gdha .

QÆfi – gva

QÆ‚ –

gna .

QÆ≈ –

´ gsa

QÆÎ –

gta

QÆ¬ –

gsa .

QÆ÷ –

gtha

QÆû –

gsa

QÆÌ –

gda

QÆ› –

gha

~°≠

. .

99

VOTTULU for "gha" consonant

'Ñ¶∞¨ — Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ñ¶∞¨ ¯ –ghka

Ñ¶¨∞ú – ghdha

Ñ¶¨∞ö – ghkha

Ñ¶¨∞fl – ghna

Ñ¶¨∞æ – ghga

Ñ¶¨∞Ê –ghpa

Ñ¶¨∞… – ghgha

Ñ¶¨∞Êù –ghpha

Ñ¶¨∞Û –ghca

Ñ¶¨∞ƒ – ghba

Ñ¶¨∞Ûù –ghcha

Ñ¶¨∞ƒù –ghbha

Ñ¶¨∞˚ – ghja

Ñ¶¨∞‡ –ghma

Ñ¶~°≠∞¨ –

Ñ¶∞¨ º –ghya

ghjha

Ñ¶¨∞ì – ghta.

„Ñ¶¨∞ – ghra

Ñ¶¨∞ª –

Ñ¶¨∞¡ –

ghtha .

ghla

Ñ¶¨∞¤ – ghda .

Ñ¶¨∞§– ghla.

Ñ¶∞¨ –

ghdha .

Ñ¶¨∞fi –ghva

Ñ¶¨∞‚ –

ghna .

Ñ¶¨∞≈ – ghsa´

Ñ¶¨∞Î – ghta

Ñ¶¨∞¬ – ghsa .

Ñ¶¨∞÷ – ghtha

Ñ¶¨∞û – ghsa

Ñ¶¨∞Ì –

Ñ¶¨∞› – ghha

100

ghda

VOTTULU for "ca" consonant

'Kõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice K«¯ –cka

K«ú –

K«ö –

ckha

K«fl – cna

K«æ –

cga

K«Ê – cpa

cdha

K«… – cgha

K«Êù – cpha

K«Û – cca

K«ƒ – cba

K«Ûù – ccha

K«ƒù – cbha

K«˚ –

cja

K«‡ – cma

K«~°≠ –

chja

K«º – cya

K«ì –

cta .

„K« – cra

K«ª –

ctha .

K«¡ –

cla

K«¤ –

cda .

K«§–

cla .

K« –

cdha .

K«fi – cva

K«‚ –

chna .

K«≈ – csa´

K«Î –

cta

K«¬ –

K«÷ –

ctha

K«û – csa

K«Ì –

cda

K«› – cha

csa .

101

VOTTULU for "cha" consonant

'Kè«— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Kè¯« – chka

Kè«ú –

Kè«ö –

chkha

Kè«fl – chna

Kè«æ –

chga

Kè«Ê – chpa

chdha

Kè«… – chgha

Kè«Êù – chpha

Kè«Û – chca

Kè«ƒ – chba

Kè«Ûù – chcha

Kè«ƒù – chbha

Kè«˚ –

chja

Kè«‡ – chma

Kè~°≠ « –

chjha

Kèº« – chya

Kè«ì –

chta .

„Kè« – chra

Kè«ª –

chtha .

Kè«¡ –

chla

Kè«¤ –

chda .

Kè«§–

chla .

Kè« –

chdha .

Kèfi« – chva

Kè«‚ –

chna .

Kè«≈ – chsa´

Kè«Î –

chta

Kè«¬ –

Kè«÷ –

chtha

Kè«û – chsa

Kè«Ì –

chda

Kè«› – chha

102

chsa .

VOTTULU for "ja" consonant

'[— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice [¯ – jka

[ú –

[ö –

jkha

[fl – jna

[æ –

jga

[Ê – jpa

jdha

[… – jgha

[Êù – jpha

[Û – jca

[ƒ – jba

[Ûù – jcha

[ƒù – jbha

[˚ –

[‡ – jma

jja

[~°≠ – jjha

[º – jya

[ì –

jta .

„[ – jra

[ª –

jtha

.

[¡

[¤ –

jda .

[§ – jla.

[–

jdha .

[fi – jva

[‚ –

jna .

[≈ – jsa´

[Î –

jta

[¬ –

[÷ –

jtha

[û – jsa

[Ì –

jda

[› – jha

–

jla

jsa .

103

VOTTULU for "jha" consonant

'~°≠— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ~°≠¯ –jhka

~°≠ú –jhdha

~°≠ö –jhkha

~°≠fl –jhna

~°≠æ –jhga

~°≠Ê –jhpa

~°≠… –jhgha

~°≠Êù –jhpha

~°≠Û –jhca

~°≠ƒ –jhba

~°≠Ûù –jhcha

~°≠ƒù –jhbha

~°≠˚ –jhja

~°≠‡ –jhma

~°~°≠≠ –jhjha

~°≠º –jhya

~°≠ì –jhta.

„~°≠ – jhra

~°≠ª –jhtha .

~°≠¡ – jhla

~°≠¤ –jhda .

~°≠§– jhla.

~°≠ –jhdha .

~°≠fi –jhva

~°≠‚ –jhna .

~°≠≈ –jhsa´

~°≠Î –jhta

~°≠¬ –jhsa .

~°≠÷ –jhtha

~°≠û –jhsa

~°≠Ì –jhda

~°≠› –jhha

104

VOTTULU for "ta" . consonant

'@— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice @¯ –.tka

@ú – .tdha

@ö –

tkha .

@fl – .tna

@æ –

.tga

@Ê –.tpa

@… – .tgha

@Êù – tpha .

@Û – tca .

@ƒ – tba .

@Ûù – .tcha

@ƒù – .tbha

@˚ –

.tja

@‡ – tma .

@ – ~°≠

tjha .

@º –.tya

@ì –

. .tta

„@ – .tra

@ª –

. .ttha

@¡ –

.tla

@¤ –

tda ..

@§–

. .tla

@–

tdha

@fi – .tva

..

@‚ – tna ..

´ @≈ – tsa .

@Î –

.tta

@¬ – .tsa.

@÷ –

.ttha

@û – tsa .

@Ì – tda .

@› – .tha 105

VOTTULU for "tha" consonant .

'~î°— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ~î¯° – thka .

~î°ú –

.thdha

~î°ö –

thkha .

~îfl° –

.thna

~î°æ –

.thga

~î°Ê – .thpa

~î°… –

thgha .

~î°Êù – thpha .

~î°Û – thca .

~î°ƒ – thba .

~î°Ûù – thcha .

~î°ƒù – thbha .

~î°˚ –

thja .

~î°‡ – thma .

~°≠

~î° –

thjha .

~îº° – thya .

~î°ì –

thta . .

„~î° –

.thra

~î°ª –

ththa . .

~î°¡ –

thla .

~î°¤ –

thda . .

~î°«§ – .thla.

~î° –

thdha . .

~îfi° – thva .

~î°‚ –

thna . .

~î°≈ –

.thsa

~î°Î –

thta .

~î°¬ –

.thsa .

~î°÷ –

ththa .

~î°û – thsa .

~î°Ì –

thda .

~î°› – .thha

106

´

VOTTULU for "da" consonant .

_»¯ – .dka _»ö –

dkha .

_»æ –

dga .

_»… – dgha . _»Û – dca . _»Ûù – dcha . _»˚ –

dja .

_»~°≠ –

djha .

_»ì –

dta ..

_»ª –

dtha ..

_»¤ –

dda ..

_» –

ddha

_»‚ –

dna ..

_»Î –

dta .

_»÷ –

dtha

_»Ì –

dda

..

.

.

'_õ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice _»ú – ddha . _»fl – dna . _»Ê – dpa . _»Êù – .dpha _»ƒ – dba . _»ƒù – dbha . _»‡ – dma . _»º – dya . „_» – dra . _»¡ – dla . _»§ – dla .. _»fi – dva . ´ _»≈ – dsa . _»¬ – dsa .. _»û – dsa . _»› – dha . 107

VOTTULU for "dha" consonant .

'_è»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice _è»¯ – dhka .

_è»ú –

_è»ö –

dhkha

.

_è»fl – dhna .

_è»æ –

dhga .

_è»Ê – dhpa .

dhdha .

_è»… – dhgha .

_è»Êù – dhpha .

_è»Û – dhca .

_è»ƒ – dhba .

_è»Ûù – dhcha .

_è»ƒù – dhbha .

_è»˚ –

dhja .

_è»‡ – dhma .

_è~°≠ » –

dhjha

.

_è»º – dhya .

_è»ì –

dhta .

.

„_è» – dhra .

_è»ª –

dhtha . .

_è»¡ –

.dhla

_è»¤ –

dhda .

.

_è»§–

dhla . .

_è»è –

dhdha . .

_è»fi – dhva .

_è»‚ –

dhna . .

´ _è»≈ – dhsa .

_è»Î –

dhta

.

_è»¬ –

_è»÷ –

dhtha .

_è»û – dhsa .

_è»Ì –

dhda .

_è»› – dhha .

108

dhsa . .

VOTTULU for "ta" consonant

'`«— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice `«¯ – tka

`«ú –

`«ö –

tkha

`«fl – tna

`«æ –

tga

`«Ê – tpa

`«… –

tgha

`«Êù – tpha

tdha

`«Û – tca

`«ƒ – tba

`«Ûù – tcha

`«ƒù – tbha

`«˚ – tja

`«‡ – tma

`« – ~°≠

tjha

`«º – tya

`«ì –

tta .

`«ª –

ttha .

`«¤ –

tda .

`« –

tdha .

`«‚ –

tna .

`«Î –

tta

`«¬ –

`«÷ –

ttha

`«û – tsa

`«Ì –

tda

`«› – tha

„`« – tra `«¡

–

tla

`««§ – tla. `«fi – tva `«≈ – tsa´ tsa .

109

VOTTULU for "tha" consonant

'^äŒ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ^ä¯Œ – thka

^äŒ«ú –

^äŒö –

thkha

^äŒ«fl – thna

^äŒæ –

thga

^äŒÊ – thpa

thdha

^äŒ… – thgha

^äŒ«Êù – thpha

^äŒÛ – thca

^äŒƒ – thba

^äŒÛù – thcha

^äŒƒù – thbha

^äŒ˚ –

thja

^ä‡Œ – thma

^ä~°≠ Œ –

thjha

^äºŒ – thya

^äŒì –

thta .

„^äŒ – thra

^äŒª –

ththa .

^äŒ¡ –

^äŒ¤ –

thda .

^äŒ§ – thla.

^äŒ –

thdha .

^äŒfi – thva

^äŒ‚ –

thna .

^äŒ≈ – thsa´

^äŒÎ –

thta

^äŒ¬ –

^äŒ«÷ –

ththa

^äŒû – thsa

^äŒ«Ì –

thda

^äŒ› – thha

110

thla

thsa .

VOTTULU for "da" consonant

'^Œ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ^Œ¯ – dka

^Œú –

^Œö –

dkha

^Œfl – dna

^Œæ –

dga

^ŒÊ – dpa

ddha

^Œ… – dgha

^ŒÊù – dpha

^ŒÛ – dca

^Œƒ – dba

^ŒÛù – dcha

^Œƒù – dbha

^Œ˚ –

dja

^Œ‡ – dma

^Œ~°≠ –

djha

^Œº – dya

^Œì –

dta .

„^Œ – dra

^Œª –

dtha .

^Œ¡ –

dla

^Œ¤ –

dda .

^Œ§–

dla .

^Œ –

ddha .

^Œfi – dva

^Œ‚ –

dna .

^Œ≈ – dsa´

^ŒÎ –

dta

^Œ¬ –

^Œ÷ –

dtha

^Œû – dsa

^ŒÌ –

dda

^Œ› – dha

dsa .

111

VOTTULU for "dha" consonant

'^èŒ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ^è¯Œ – dhka

^Œú –

^èŒö –

dhkha

^èŒfl – dhna

^èŒæ –

dhga

^èŒÊ – dhpa

dhdha

^èŒ… – dhgha

^èŒÊù – dhpha

^èŒÛ – dhca

^èŒƒ – dhba

^èŒÛù – dhcha

^èŒƒù – dhbha

^èŒ˚ –

dhja

^èŒ‡ – dhma

^è~°≠ Œ –

dhjha

^èŒº –dhya

^èŒì –

dhta .

„^èŒ – dhra

^èŒª –

dhtha .

^èŒ¡ –

dhla

^èŒ¤ –

dhda .

^èŒ§–

dhla .

^èŒ –

dhdha .

^èŒfi – dhva

^èŒ‚ –

dhna .

^èŒ≈ – dhsa´

^èŒÎ –

dhta

^èŒ¬ –

^èŒ÷ –

dhtha

^èŒû – dhsa

^èŒÌ –

dhda

^èŒ› – dhha

112

dhsa .

VOTTULU for "na" consonant

'#— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice #¯ – nka #ö –

nkha

#æ –

nga

#… – ngha #Û – nca #Ûù – ncha #˚ –

nja

#~°≠ –

njha

#ì –

nta .

#ª –

ntha .

#¤ –

nda .

#–

ndha .

#‚ –

nna .

#Î –

nta

#÷ –

ntha

#Ì –

nda

#ú – ndha #fl – nna #Ê – npa #Êù – npha #ƒ – nba #ƒù – nbha #‡ – nma #º – nya „# – nra #¡ – nla #§– nla. #fi – nva #≈ – nsa´ #¬ – nsa . #û – nsa #› – nha 113

VOTTULU for "pa" consonant

'Ñ¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ñ¨¯ – pka

Ñ¨ú –

Ñ¨ö –

pkha

Ñ¨fl – pna

Ñ¨æ –

pga

Ñ¨Ê – ppa

Ñ¨… –

pgha

Ñ¨Êù – ppha

Ñ¨Û – pca

Ñ¨ƒ – pba

Ñ¨Ûù – pcha

Ñ¨ƒù – pbha

Ñ¨˚ –

pja

Ñ¨‡ – pma

Ñ¨ –

pjha

Ñ¨º – pya

Ñ¨ì –

pta .

„Ñ¨ –

pra

Ñ¨ª – ptha .

Ñ¨¡ –

pla

Ñ¨¤ –

pda .

Ñ¨§ – pla.

Ñ¨ –

pdha

.

Ñ¨fi – pva

Ñ¨‚ –

pna .

Ñ¨≈ – psa´

Ñ¨Î –

pta

Ñ¨¬ –

Ñ¨÷ –

ptha

Ñ¨û – psa

Ñ¨Ì –

pda

Ñ¨› – pha

~°≠

114

pdha

psa .

VOTTULU for "pha" consonant

'Ñ¶¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ñ¶¯¨ – phka

Ñ¶¨ú –

Ñ¶¨ö – phkha

Ñ¶¨fl – phna

Ñ¶¨æ –

phga

Ñ¶¨Ê – phpa

Ñ¶¨… –

phgha

Ñ¶¨Êù – phpha

phdha

Ñ¶¨Û – phca

Ñ¶¨ƒ – phba

Ñ¶¨Ûù – phcha

Ñ¶¨ƒù – phbha

Ñ¶¨˚ –

phja

Ñ¶¨‡ – phma

Ñ¶¨ –

phjha

Ñ¶¨º – phya

Ñ¶¨ì –

phta .

„Ñ¶¨ – phra

Ñ¶¨ª –

phtha .

Ñ¶¨¡ –

Ñ¶¨¤ –

phda .

Ñ¶¨§ – phla.

Ñ¶¨ –

phdha .

Ñ¶¨fi – phva

Ñ¶¨‚ –

phna .

Ñ¶¨≈ – phsa´

Ñ¶¨Î –

phta

Ñ¶¨¬ –

Ñ¶¨÷ –

phtha

Ñ¶¨û – phsa

Ñ¶¨Ì –

phda

Ñ¶¨› – phha

~°≠

phla

phsa .

115

VOTTULU for "ba" consonant

'|— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice |¯ – bka

|ú –

|ö –

bkha

|fl – bna

|æ –

bga

|Ê – bpa

|… –

bgha

|Êù – bpha

bdha

|Û – bca

|ƒ – bba

|Ûù – bcha

|ƒù – bbha

|˚ –

bja

|‡ – bma

|–

bjha

|º –bya

|ì –

bta .

„| – bra

|ª –

btha .

|¡ –

|¤ –

bda .

|§ – bla.

|–

bdha

.

|fi – bva

|‚ –

bna

|≈ – bsa´

|Î –

bta

|¬ –

|÷ –

btha

|û – bsa

|Ì –

bda

|› – bha

~°≠

116

.

bla

bsa

.

VOTTULU for "bha" consonant

'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Éè¯í – bhka

Éèíú –

Éèíö –

bhkha

Éèífl – bhna

Éèíæ –

bhga

ÉèíÊ – bhpa

Éèí… –

bhgha

ÉèíÊù – bhpha

bhdha

ÉèíÛ – bhca

Éèíƒ – bhba

ÉèíÛù – bhcha

Éèíƒù – bhbha

Éèí˚ –

bhja

Éèí‡ – bhma

Éè~°≠ í –

bhjha

Éèºí –bhya

Éèíì –

bhta .

„Éèí – bhra

Éèíª –

bhtha .

Éèí¡ –

Éèí¤ –

bhda .

Éèí§ – bhla.

Éèí –

bhdha .

Éèfií – bhva

Éèí‚ –

bhna .

Éèí≈ – bhsa´

ÉèíÎ –

bhta

Éèí¬ –

Éèí÷ –

bhtha

Éèíû – bhsa

ÉèíÌ –

bhda

Éèí› – bhha

bhla

bhsa .

117

VOTTULU for "ma" consonant

'=∞— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

118

=∞¯ – mka

=∞ú – mdha

=∞ö – mkha

=∞fl –mna

=∞æ – mga

=∞Ê – mpa

=∞… –mgha

=∞Êù – mpha

=∞Û – mca

=∞ƒ – mba

=∞Ûù – mcha

=∞ƒù – mbha

=∞˚ – mja

=∞‡ – mma

=∞ – mjha ~°≠

=∞º – mya

=∞ì – mta.

„=∞ – mra

=∞ª – mtha .

=∞¡ – mla

=∞¤ – mda .

=∞§ – mla .

=∞ – mdha .

=∞fi – mva

=∞‚ – mna .

=∞≈ –msa´

=∞Î – mta

=∞¬ – msa .

=∞÷ – mtha

=∞û – msa

=∞Ì – mda

=∞› – mha

VOTTULU for "ya" consonant

'Ü«∞— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ü«∞¯ –yka

Ü«∞ú –ydha

Ü«∞ö –ykha

Ü«∞fl –yna

Ü«∞æ –yga

Ü«∞Ê –ypa

Ü«∞… –ygha

Ü«∞Êù –ypha

Ü«∞Û –yca

Ü«∞ƒ –ypba

Ü«∞Ûù –ycha

Ü«∞ƒù –ybha

Ü«∞˚ –yja

Ü«∞‡ –yma

Ü«~°≠ ∞ –yjha

Ü«∞º –yya

Ü«∞ì –yta.

„Ü«∞ –yra

Ü«∞ª –ytha .

Ü«∞¡ –yla

Ü«∞¤ –yda .

Ü«∞§ –yla.

Ü«∞ –ydha .

Ü«∞fi –yva

Ü«∞‚ –yna .

Ü«∞≈ –ysa´

Ü«∞Î –yta

Ü«∞¬ –ysa .

Ü«∞÷ –ytha

Ü«∞û –ysa

Ü«∞Ì –yda

Ü«∞› –yha 119

VOTTULU for "ra" consonant

'~°— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ~°¯ – rka

~°ú –

rdha

~°ö –

rkha

~°fl –

rna

~°æ –

rga

~°Ê – rpa

~°… –

rgha

~°Êù – rpha

~°Û – rca

~°ƒ – rba

~°Ûù – rcha

~°ƒù – rbha

~°˚ –

rja

~°‡ – rma

~°~°≠ –

rjha

~°º – rya

~°ì –

rta .

„~° –

rra

~°ª –

rtha .

~°¡ –

rla

~°¤ –

rda .

~°§ – rla.

~° –

rdha .

~°fi – rva

~°‚ –

rna

~°≈ – rsa´

~°Î –

rta

~°¬ –

rsa .

~°÷ –

rtha

~°û –

rsa

~°Ì –

rda

~°› –

rha

120

.

VOTTULU for "la" consonant

Å¯ – lka Åö –

lkha

Åæ –

lga

Å… – lgha ÅÛ – lca ÅÛù – lcha Å˚ –

lja

Å~°≠ –

ljha

Åì –

lta .

Åª –

ltha .

Å¤ –

lda .

Å–

ldha .

Å‚ –

lna .

ÅÎ –

lta

Å÷ –

ltha

ÅÌ –

lda

'Å— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Åú – ldha Åfl – lna ÅÊ – lpa ÅÊù – lpha Åƒ – lba Åƒù – lbha Å‡ – lma Åº – lya „Å – lra Å¡ – lla Å§ – lla. Åfi – lva Å≈ – lsa´ Å¬ – lsa. Åû – lsa Å› – lha 121

VOTTULU for "la" consonant .

'à◊— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice à◊¯ – .lka

à◊ú –

à◊ö –

.lkha

à◊fl – .lna

à◊æ –

.lga

à◊Ê – .lpa

à◊… –

.lgha

à◊Êù – .lpha

.ldha

à◊Û – .lca

à◊ƒ – .lba

à◊Ûù – .lcha

à◊ƒù – .lbha

à◊˚ –

.lja

à◊‡ – .lma

~°≠

à◊ –

.ljha

à◊º – .lya

à◊ì –

. .lta

„à◊ – .lra

à◊ª –

. .ltha

à◊¡ –

.lla

à◊¤ –

. .lda

à◊§–

. .lla

à◊ –

. .ldha

à◊fi – .lva

à◊‚ –

. .lna

à◊≈ – .lsa´

à◊Î –

.lta

à◊¬ –

à◊÷ –

.ltha

à◊û – .lsa

à◊Ì –

.lda

à◊› – .lha

122

. .lsa

VOTTULU for "va" consonant

'=— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice =¯ – vka

=ú –

=ö –

vkha

=fl – vna

=æ –

vga

=Ê – vpa

=… –

vgha

=Êù – vpha

vdha

=Û – vca

=ƒ – vba

=Ûù – vcha

=ƒù – vbha

=˚ –

vja

=‡ – vma

=~°≠ –

vjha

=º – vya

=ì –

vta .

„= – vra

=ª –

vtha .

=¡ –

vla

=¤ –

vda

=§–

vla .

=–

vdha

.

=fi – vva

=‚ –

vna

=≈ – vsa´

=Î –

vta

=¬ –

=÷ –

vtha

=û – vsa

=Ì –

vda

=› – vha

.

.

vsa .

123

´ VOTTULU for "sa" consonant

'â◊— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ´ â◊¯ – ska

â◊ú –

´ sdha

â◊ö –

´ skha

â◊fl –

´ sna

â◊æ –

´ sga

´ â◊Ê – spa

â◊… –

´ sgha

´ â◊Êù – spha

â◊Û –

´ sca

â◊ƒ –

´ sba

´ â◊Ûù – scha

´ â◊ƒù – sbha

â◊˚ –

´ sja

´ â◊‡ – sma

â◊ –

´ sjha

´ â◊º – sya

â◊ì –

´ sta .

„â◊ –

´ sra

â◊ª –

´ stha .

â◊¡

´ sla

â◊¤ –

´ sda

â◊§–

â◊ –

´ sdha .

´ â◊fi – sva

â◊‚ –

´ sna .

â◊≈ –

´´ ssa

â◊Î –

´ sta

â◊¬ –

´ ssa .

â◊÷ –

´ stha

´ â◊û – ssa

â◊Ì –

´ sda

â◊› –

~°≠

124

.

–

´ sla .

´ sha

VOTTULU for "sa" consonant .

'+¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice +¨¯ – ska .

+¨ú –

+¨ö –

skha

.

+¨fl – sna .

+¨æ –

sga

.

+¨Ê – spa .

+¨… –

sgha

+¨Êù – spha .

.

sdha

.

+¨Û – sca .

+¨ƒ – sba .

+¨Ûù – scha .

+¨ƒù – sbha .

+¨˚ –

sja

.

+¨‡ – sma .

~°≠

+¨ –

sjha .

+¨º – sya .

+¨ì –

sta ..

„+¨ –

+¨ª –

stha

..

+¨¡

+¨¤ –

sda

..

+¨§ – sla ..

+¨ –

sdha ..

+¨fi – sva .

+¨‚ –

sna

..

´ +¨≈ – ssa .

+¨Î –

sta .

+¨¬ –

+¨÷ –

stha

.

+¨û – ssa .

+¨Ì –

sda

+¨› – sha .

.

sra

.

– sla .

ssa

..

125

VOTTULU for "sa" consonant

'ã¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice ã¨¯ – ska

ã¨ú –

ã¨ö –

skha

ã¨fl – sna

ã¨æ –

sga

ã¨Ê – spa

ã¨… –

sgha

ã¨Êù – spha

sdha

ã¨Û – sca

ã¨ƒ – sba

ã¨Ûù – scha

ã¨ƒù – sbha

ã¨˚ –

sja

ã¨‡ – sma

ã¨~°≠ –

sjha

ã¨º – sya

ã¨ì –

sta

„ã¨ –

sra

ã¨ª –

stha

ã¨¡

sla

ã¨¤ –

sda

.

ã¨§ – sla.

ã¨ –

sdha .

ã¨fi – sva

ã¨‚ –

sna

ã¨≈ – ssa´

ã¨Î –

sta

ã¨¬ –

ã¨÷ –

stha

ã¨û – ssa

ã¨Ì –

sda

ã¨› – sha

126

.

.

.

–

ssa .

VOTTULU for "ha" consonant

'Ç¨Ï— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice Ç¨Ï¯ –hka

Ç¨Ïú – hdha

Ç¨Ïö – hkha

Ç¨Ïfl –hna

Ç¨Ïæ – hga

Ç¨ÏÊ –hpa

Ç¨Ï… – hgha

Ç¨ÏÊù –hpha

Ç¨ÏÛ –hca

Ç¨Ïƒ –hba

Ç¨ÏÛù –hcha

Ç¨Ïƒù –hbha

Ç¨Ï˚ – hja

Ç¨Ï‡ –hma

Ç¨~°≠Ï – hjha

Ç¨Ïº –hya

Ç¨Ïì – hta.

„Ç¨Ï – hra

Ç¨Ïª – htha .

Ç¨Ï¡ – hla

Ç¨Ï¤ – hda .

Ç¨Ï§– hla.

Ç¨Ï – hdha .

Ç¨Ïfi –hva

Ç¨Ï‚ – hna .

Ç¨Ï≈ – hsa´

Ç¨ÏÎ – hta

Ç¨Ï¬ – hsa.

Ç¨Ï÷ – htha

Ç¨Ïû – hsa

Ç¨ÏÌ – hda

Ç¨Ï› – hha 127

QÆ = ∞xHõ V,&,}, Hõ,∆ é – D JHõ~∆ åÅ "˘`«∞Å Î ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù HÍ|\˜ì g\˜H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ~∆ åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË^∞Œ . NOTE The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz., . ~ n, n, n, . ksha, r. are not given since they are not in much usage. 128

Telugu Alphabet - Telugu Association of Maine

Recommend Documents