DAFTAR PUSTAKfi Akoso, B.T. d a n G . S i r e g a r . 1984. Penyidikan wabah Brucellosis d i Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Dalam L a poran T a h u n a n H a s i l P e n y i d i k a n P e n y a k i t Hewan d i Indonesia Periode 1982-1983. Direktorat Bina K e s e h a t a n Hewan, D i r j e n P e t e r n a k a n , J a k a r t a . 1 9 8 4 . R e p o r t on C o n s u l t a n c y i n Animal BruAlton, G . G . cellosis. Research I n s t i t u t e f o r Veterinary Scie n c e . Bogor.
. , L.M. J o n e s , R . D . A n g u s a n d J . M . Verger. 1988. Techniques f o r t h e Brucellosis Laboratory, pp. 9 - 190. I n s t i t u t National d e la Recherce Agronomique (INRA). P a r i s . Anonymous. 1981a. P e n y a k i t Keluron Menular ( B r u c e l l o sis). Pedoman P e n g e n d a l i a n P e n y a k i t Hewan Menular. J i l i d 111. B i n a D i r e k t o r a t K e s e h a t a n Hewan, Dirjen Peternakan, J a k a r t a . . 1981b. Laporan Survey B r u c e l l o s i s 1980/1981, h a l . 3-48. M a n u a l K e s m a v e t , 2 0 ( 1 1 ) . D i r . Keswan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan. Jakarta.
. 1982a. H a s i l Monitoring Kesehatan Ternak Impor. Bull. Epid. Keswan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan. Jakarta. . 1 9 8 2 b . Duphavac NA, pp. -Duphar Amsterdam, H o l l a n d .
5-29.
N.V.
Philips
. 1 9 8 4 a . M a n u a l o f V e t e r i n a r y I n v s t i g a t i o n LaEd. Vol.1. boratory T e c h n i q u e s . pp. 31-124. 3 H e r M a j e s t y ' s S t a t i o n e r y Off i c e , London.
rs
. 1 9 8 4 b . B r u c i v e t , v a k s i n E : . .i;it?
19
1989. Petunjuk Teknis Pengujian Mutu Obat B a l a i P e n g u j i a n Mutu d a n S e r t i f i k a s i Obat Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, Jakarta.
Hewan. 1988. Peta Penyakit B a l a i Penyidikan Penyakit Hewan d i P r o p i n s i S u l a w e s i , Maluku d a n I r i a n J a y a . BPPH W i l a y a h V I I , M a r o s , U j u n g P a n d a n g .
B a l a i P e n y i d i k a n P e n y a k i t Hewan. 1990a. Peta Penyakit Hewan d i P r o p i n s i S u m a t e r a U t a r a d a n D a e r a h Istim e w a Aceh. BPPH W i l a y a h I , Medan. B a l a i Penyidikan P e n y a k i t Hewan. 1 9 9 0 b . P e t a Penyakit Hewan d i P r o p i n s i S u m a t e r a B a r a t , J a m b i d a n Ria.u. BPPH W i l a y a h 1 1 , B u k i t t i n g g i . Peta Penyakit B a l a i P e n y i d i k a n P e n y a k i t Hewan. 1 9 9 0 c . dan Sumatera Hewan d i P r o p i n s i B e n g k u l u , Lampung Selatan. BPPH W i l a y a h 111, B a n d a r Lampung. B a s t e n , A . and J . Mitchell. 1976. R o l e o f Macrophage i n T cell - B c e l l Collaboration i n antibodi prod u c t i o n , I.n D.S. N e l s o n , &. Immunobiology o f t h e macrophage. A c a d e m i c P r e s s , New Y o r k , L o n d o n . Roth. 1986. Bertram. T . A . . P . C. C a n n i n g and J . A . Prefential i n h i b i t i o n of primary granula release f r o m b o v i n e n e u t r o p h y l b y a R r ~ t c : e lj E 3 e i h t 7 r C ~ i . ~ ; e x tract. Infec. Immunity, 5 2 , l : 285-292. D.C. a n d O.H. Radostits. 1989. Veterinary Blood, Medicine. p p . 677-690. B a i l l i e r e Tindal, London, Philadelphia. Bosseray, N , and R . D i a z . 1974. C o n g e n i t a l of Guinea P i g s . V e t . B u l l . 44 ( 1 1 ) : 5370.
Brucellosis 717. Abst.
Brown, E.M. a n d H . D . D e l l m a n n . 1 9 8 7 . L i m p h a t i c System, p p . 1 6 3 - 1 8 4 . Ln D e l l m a n n , H . D . a n d E.M. Brown Texbook o f V e t e r i n a r y H i s t o l o g y . L e a and Febiger, Philadelphia.
a.
B r u b a k e r . R . R . 1 9 8 5 . Mechanism o f B a c t e r i a l Virulence, 21-50. In L.N. O r n s t o n , A . B a l o w s a n d P . pp. Baumann, &. Annual Review o f M i c r o b i o l o g y . Vol. 39. Annual R e v . I n c . P a l o A l t o , C a l i f o r n i a . B r u n e r , D. W . a n d J . H . G i l l e s p i e . 1 9 7 7 . t i o u s d i s e z s e s of d o m e s t i c a n i m a l s . tock Publishing associates. Cornel I t h a c a , London.
a n - s infecEd. ConsUniv. Press.
A and G . F r a s e r . 1977. Animal Buxton, 1. Blackwell scientific Vol. Oxford. London.
Microbiology. publications.
J . A . R o t h , L . 3. T a b a t a b a i a n d B. L. C a n n i n g . P. C . , of Rr-ctce.Z!a D e y o e . 1985. I s o l a t i o n o f c o m p o n e n t s
a b o r t u s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i n h i b i t i o n f u n c t i o n i n bovine neutrophils. J. I n f e c t . D i s . 1 5 2 , 5 : 9 1 3 - 9 2 1 .
G.W. C l a u s a n d Y . R i k i h i s a . 1 9 8 6 . E s s e n Carter, G.R., s i a l o f V e t r i n a r y B a c t e r i o l o g y and Mycology, pp. 1 7 9 - 1 8 4 . 3" Ed. L e a a n d F e b i g e r , P h i l a d e l p h i a . Carrillo, C.G. 1990. Laboratory animal models for Brucellosis s t u d i e s , p p . 4 2 4 - 4 4 1 . In K. Nielsen and J.R. Duncan, Animal Brucellosis. CRC P r e s s , Boca R a t o n , B o s t o n .
a.
Collins, PP
.
C.H. a n d Lyne. 1985. H i c r o b i o l Methods, 3 1 5 - 3 2 0 - lehM*d. B u t t e r w o r t h s . London, B o s t o n . and E.L. Thomas. 1983. The Brucella their properties characterisation and
Corbel, M.J. phages;
aplications. Central V e t . Lab. Weybridge. ( V e t . B u l l . 1885. 55,2, Abst. 566).
U.K.
. a n d W.3.B. Morgan. 1 9 8 4 . G e n u s B r u c e l l a , pp.377-388. N . R . K r i e g , and J. G. Holt Pids. B e r g e y ' s Manual o f s y s t e m a t i c b a c t e r i o l o g y . V o l . 1 . W i l l i a m s and W i l k i n s . B a l t i m o r e , London.
Brucella reaction.
.
1985. Recent a d v a n c e s i n t h e study of crossantigen and their serological V e t . B u l l . 5 5 , 1 2 : 927-942. 1989. M i c r o b i o l o g i c a l A s p e c t s , pp. 29-44. d. B r u c e l l o s i s . B u t t e r w o r t h s .
I.~L H .M. Makdour, London. Corner,
L.A.,
G.G. A l t o n . 1 9 8 1 . P e r s i s t e n c e o f R r r t c e l l a Strain 19 infection in adult cattle vaccin a t e d w i t h r e d u c e d d o s e s . R e s . V e t . S c i . , 31: 3 4 2 344. abortus
and H. I y e r . 1 9 8 5 . An e v a l u a o f b i p h a s i c medium f o r t h e i s o l a t i o n of 5. abortus from bovine t i s s u e s . Aust. V e t . 3. 62: 187-189. tion
C r a w f o r d , R.P., J . D . H u b e r a n d B . S . Adams. 1990. Epiand S u r v e i l l a n c e , p p . 132-151. In K. demiology N i e l s e n and J.R. D u n c a n , e d s . Animal B r u c e l l o s i s . C R C P r e s s , Boca R a t o n , Ann A r b o r , B o s t o n . Crichton, R. and N.E. M e d v e c z k y . 1 9 8 7 . T h e i d e n t i t y , d i s t r i b u t i o n and e p i z o o t i o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e of
Brucella isolates i n Australia, A u s t . V e t . J . 64 (2): 48-52. C r u i c k s h a n k , R . , 3.P. D u g u i d , Swain. 1075. M e d i c a l Livingstone. Edinburg. Das,
1981
t o
1985.
B.P.
Harmion and R.H.A. Wicrobiology. Churchil London. N e w York.
A.M., V . L . P a r a n j a p e and V.N. Bhardea. 1987. Isolation of N r u c e l la abortus from cervical nucous membrane o f a b o r t e d b o v i n e s : conventional J. Animal tampon v s modified tampon. Indian S c i e n c e . 57 ( 7 ) : 628-632.
Dinas
Peternakan. 1888. L a p o r a n Tahunan 1988/1989. Dinas Peternakan Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Ujung Pa n d a n g
.
Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan. 1984. t e r n a k a n No. 1065/KPTS/DJP/Deptan.
SK D i r j e n Jakarta.
Pe-
D r u t z , D . J . a n d J . M i l l s . 1982. I m m u n i t y a n d Infection Ln F u n d e n b e r g H.H, D.P. S t i t e s , J . L . C a l d w e l l and J.F. Wells &. B a s i c and clinical immunology. Lange Medical P u b l i c a t i o n . Los A l t o s . C r i c h t o n , R . a n d N.E. M e d v e c z k y . 1987. T h e identity, d i s t r i b u t i o n and e p i z o o t i o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e of B r u c e l l a i s o l a t e s i n A u s t r a l i a , 1881 t o 1985. A u s . V e t . J . 6 4 , 2 : 48-52. E n r i g h t . F . M . 1990. T h e P a t h o g e n e s i s a n d P a t h o b i o l o g y o f B r u c e l l a I n f e c t i o n i n D o m e s t i c A n i m a l s , p p . 302 -319. Ip K. N i e l s e n a n d J . R . Duncan. &. A n i m a l Brucellosis. C . R . C . P r e s s . Boca R a t o n , B o s t o n . Farrell, I . D . 1974. T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f new selective medium f o r t h e i s o l a t i o n o f R - a b o r t u s f r o m c o n t a m i n a t e d s o u r c e s . R e s . V e t . S c i . . 1 6 : 280-286. F e n s t e r b a n k , R. 1987. B r u c e l l o s i s i n C a t t l e , S h e e p a n d G o a t s : D i a g n o s i s , C o n t r o l a n d V a c c i n a t i o n , p p . 13162 R e v u e S c i e n t i f i c u e e t T e c h n i q u e . O . I . E . P a r i s . P.J., R.J.F. Markham a n d A.H. Coohrane. Frienchick. 1985. I n h i b i t i o n o f phagosom-lysosome fusion in macrophages b y s o l u b l e e x t r a c t s of v i r u l e n t H r u c e l l a abortus. Am. J. V e t . R e s . 46.2: 332-335. Funderberg, H.H., D.P. S t i t e s , J.L. C a l d w e l l a n d Wells. 1982. B a s i c a n d C l i n i c a l I m m u n o l o g y . Medical P u b l i c a t i o n s , Los Altos. C a l i f o r n i a .
J.V. Lang
Gafni, M.. A . L . O l i t z k i a n d M. I c k o w i c z . 1 9 6 0 . Spleen the and l i v e r r e a c t i o n i n young and a d u l t m i c e i n course of an experimental brucellae infection. P a t h . Microbial. 2 3 ( 6 ) : 8 2 0 - 8 2 8 . G y l e s , C . L . a n d C.O. T h o e n , Bacterial Infections University Press. Ames.
a. 1986. in
Pathogenesis of Animals. Iowa State
H a m i d ~ o ~ o ,A . N . 1 9 8 4 . Epidemiologi Brucellosis pada T e r n a k S a p i d i S u l a w e s i U t a r a . P e n y a k i t Hewan, 2 0 : 246-248. Herr.
S . a n d D . Roux. 1 9 8 1 . T h e e f f i c a c y o f b a c t e r i o l o Pr-~.tc~-.7Ia gical procedures for the isolation of abortu5: from a b a t t o i r m a t e r i a l . Onderstepoort J . V e t . Res. 4 8 : 7-12.
H o r n i t z k y , M., J . S e a r s o n . 1986. The r e l a t i o s h i p b e t ween t h e i s o l a t i o n o f B r ~ t c e l l aa b o r t : c t s a n d serol o g i c a l s t a t u s of i n f e c t e d , non-vaccinated c a t t l e . A u s . V e t . J . 6 3 , 6 : 172-174. BrucelHusin, D . dan F . X. S u s i l o . 1986. Laporan Kasus l o s i s P a d a S a p i E x IFAD d i d e s a A i r S e m p i a n g K e p a hyang. Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Bull. Velabo. l ( 3 ) . BPPH W i l a y a h 1 1 1 , B a n d a r Lampung, Lampung. 1975. Diseases of Livestock. Hungerford. T . G . McGraw H i l l Book Company. Sydney.
sth
E., J . L . Melnick and E.A. Adelberg. Jawetz, Review of Medical Microbiology. Lange publications. Los A l t o s , California.
1980. medical
Ed.
L.M. a n d D.T. B e r m a n . 1 9 7 1 . A n t i b o d y r e s p o n s e Jones. delayed hypersensitivity in guinea p i g s induced . ~ t * i -t ri t C . . by smooth and rough s t r a i n of H r t t r e i ia J . I n f e c t . D i s . 124 ( 1 ) : 47-57. T , . E.M. Hatzopoulou, K. Sarris and 0. Katsiaounis, Papadopoulus. 1988. I s o l a t i o n of Brucellae from milk of s e r o l o g i c a l l y t e s t e d cows. Deltion test 3 9 ( 1 ) : 29-35 Ellenikes Kteniatrikes Etaireitas. (Vet. B u l l . 1989. 59 ( 1 ) . A b s t . 11). Ketaren, K . 1982. I n v e s t i g a s i B r u c e l l o s i s Pada Ternak S a p i dan Kerbau d i S u l a w e s i S e l a t a n . Laporan Tahunan H a s i l Penyidikan Penyakit Hewan d i Indonesia Periode 1976-1981. Direktorat Bina K e s e h a t a n Hewan, D i r j e n P e t e r n a k a n , J a k a r t a .
Kraneveld, F.C. 1927. Over een Gewrichlijden Runderenter Sumatera-s Ooskust. N.I. El. D i e r g e . 39:105.
bij V.
Kristoforov, L . 1975. R e l a t i o n s h i p between polysacharid content and virulence of Brucella. Acta Microbial. V i r o l . e t I m m u n o l . 1: 7 4 - 7 7 . 1979. K r e o t z e r , D.L., C . S . B u l l e r and D.C. R o b e r t s o n . Chemical c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n and b i o l o g i c a l properties of lipopolyscharides i s o l a t e d from smooth and r o u g h t s t r a i n o f B . a b o r t u s . I n f e c . Immunity. 2 3 . 3 : 811. L o b e l , L.W.M., A . v . d . S c h a a f a n d M . R o z a . 1938. Smets of d r a g e r s v a n L i r t ~ e t = l l . t .ibcat- t c i c . b i j Runderen in h e t D i s t r i c t G r a t i van h e t Regentschap P a s o e r o e a n . N . I . B1. V . D i e r g . 5 0 : 283. MacFaddin, J . F . 1980. Biochemical T e s t f o r Ident'fication of Medical Bacteria, pp. 1-364. 2"' Ed. W i l l i a m s and W i l k i n s , B a l t i m o r e , London. MacMillan, A . 1990. Conventional serological test, p p . 154-197. In K. N i e l s e n a n d J . R . D u n c a n , U. A n i m a l B r u c e l l o s i s . CRC P r e s s , Boca R a t o n , B o s t o n . Madkour, M . M . 1989. H i s t o r i c a l Aspects of B r u c e l l o s i s , p p - 1-10. Ln M a d k o u r , M . H . rrd. 3rucellosis. B u t t e r w o r t h s , London, B o s t o n . Malole, M.B.M. d a n C . S . U . P r a m o n o . 1989. Penggunaan Hewan-hewan P e r c o b a a n d i L a b o r a t o r i u m , h a l . 7 4 - 8 4 . Pusat Antar Universitas Bioteknologi. Institut P e r t a n i a n Bogor. Bogor. McEwen, A . D . , F.W. P r i e s t l e y , a n d J . D . P a t t e r s o n , 1 9 3 9 . An estimate of a s u i t a b l e i n f e c t i v e dose of 23abortus f o r i m m u n i s a t i o n t e s t on c a t t l e . Journal o f C o m p a r a t i v e P a t h o l o g y a n d T h e r a p e u t i c s 5 2 : 166128. Meyer, H . E . 1 9 8 4 . B r u c e l l a Ln C a r t e r . G.R. d.E d v a n c e in V e t e r i n a r y S c i e n c e and Comparative Medicine. V o l . 2 4 . Academic P r e s s . N e w York.
.
1985. C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f H r ~ t c e l l sw b n r 1 9 i s o l a t e d f r o m human a n d b o v i n e tiss u e s and f l u i d s . Am. J . V e t . R e s . 4 6 , 4 : 9 0 2 - 5 0 4 . tus s t r a i n
K i s r a , D.S., A. Kumar a n d M.S. S e t h i . 1 9 7 6 . Effect of erythritol and sex hormones on the growth of J. Experimental Brucella species. Indian B i o l o l o g y . 1 4 , l : 65-66.
Montaraz, J . A . and A . 3 . Winter. 1986. Comparison 1. .al,rzv?ttc l i v i n g and n o n l i v i n g v a c c i n e s f o r B a l b / c m i c e . I n f e c t . Immun. 5 3 , 2 : 2 4 5 - 2 5 1 .
of in
Nicoletti, P. 1980. The epidemiology of bovine Ln B r a n d l y , C . A . a n d C.E. B r u c e l l o s i s , pp. 69-98. Cornelius Edvances i n v e t e r i n a r y s c i e n c e and comparative medicine. Vol. 24. Academic Press. N e w York. London.
a.
.
262. worths.
1989a. B r u c e l l o s i s i n Animals, M a d k o u r , M.M. &. B r u c e l l o s i s . London, B o s t o n .
In
p p . 250Butter-
a n d A . J . W i n t e r . 1 9 9 0 . T h e Immune R e s p o n s e to B r c t c e i l c i c > b o r t : ~ . < rT ~h : e cell-mediated rensponse M.M. &. to infections, p p . 8 4 - 9 5 . Ln H a d k o u r , B r u c e l l o s i s . B u t t e r w o r t h , London, B o s t o n . Nielsen. K . a n d P.F. W r i g h t . 1 9 8 4 . Enzyme Immunoassay and I t s A p p l i c a t i o n t o D e t e c t i o n of B o v i n e A n t i b o 1 . I f I . Agriculture Canada, Nepean, dy to Canada. BrucelloPakpahan, S . dan S o e n a r d i . 1986. I n v e s t i g a s i s i s d i P a s i r P a n g a r a y a n K e c a m a t a n Rambah K a b u p a t e n Kampar P r o p i n s i R i a u . IhJan L a p o r a n T a h u n a n H a s i l Penyidikan Penyakit-Hewan d i Indonesia, Periode Hewan, Dirjen 1984-1985. Direktorat Kesehatan Peternakan, J a k a r t a . P a r t o d i h a r d j o , S . , M . N o o r d i n , M . S o e r o s o , M. D a r o d j a t , S u g i a n t o dan S . D j o j o Soedarmo. 1979. Survey Serol o g i k Terhadap B r u c e l l o s i s dan L e p t o s p i r o s i s Pada T e r n a k Potong d i J a w a Tengah, Jawa Timur dan B a l i . M e d i a V e t e r i n e r , 1: 3 0 - 3 4 . Pelczar, H . J . biology.
a n d E . C . S . C h a n . 198.8. E l e m e n t s o f Mc G r a w - H i l l Book Company.
Micro-
1987. The Pieterson, P.M., L.A. Brugge and S . H e r r . U s e o f Meso E r y t h r i t h o l S e n s i t i v i t y d i s c i n t y p i n g of B r u c e l l a s t r a i n . O n d e r s t e p o o r t J . V e t . R e s . 54 ( 4 ) : 651-652.
Plackett, P . a n d J . S t e w a r t . 1 9 8 6 . S t a n d a r d ELISA for test f o r bovine Brucellosis. Australian Standard Diagnostic T e c h n i q u e s f o r Animal D i s e a s e . Animal Health Laboratory. Parkville. Victoria. Plommet, M . and A. M. Plommet. 1988. Virulence of mice. Brucella: b a c t e r i a l g r o w t h and d e c l i n e in A n n a l e s d e R e c h e r c e s V e t e r i n a i r e s . 1 9 (1): 6 5 - 6 7 . Butteridge. -146.
P.M. 1988. V e t e r i n a r y Immunology, Academic P r e s s , London, N e w York.
pp.
115
Rachman, N. dan N.K. Djinawi. 1982. Infeksi dan imunitas. Kursus Dasar Imunologi. 15-17 Februari R.S. Hasan 1982. P e r a l u m n i B a n d u n g , F.K. Unpad, S a d i k i n d a n Perum B i o F a r m a . Redwood, D . W . a n d M . J . C o r b e l . 1 9 8 5 . . 2 ahi:?v-tu.infection in the Bank Vole (C:letf?r-_ir.,r>orn)...~ g . l c > r < ? c c.
hal.
405
R e n n e r , E . D . a n d K.J. Mc Mahon. 1 9 8 5 . Brucellosis. LLI B a l o w s , A . a n d W . J . H a u s l e y , Eds. D i a g n o s t i c P r o cedures for Bacterial, otic and Parasitic E d . Am. P u b l . H e a l t h I n f e c t i o n s , p p . 283-300. Assoc. Washington.
!"
Riley, I . K . and D . C . Robertson. 1984. Ingestion and ~ i ) c > r - i i, n~ ~human a n d i n t r a celluler survival of 6 b o v i n e polymorphonuclear l e u c o c y t . I n f e c . Immunity 4 6 , 1: 2 2 4 - 2 3 0 . Robertson, L . , L.D. F a r e l l a n d P . M . H i n c h l i f f e . 1977. The I s o l a t i o n o f B r u c e l l a from c o n t a m i n a t e d s o u r ces. B r . V e t . J . 133 ( 2 ) : 193-200. Roitt, I . M . 1 9 8 8 . E s s e n t i a l Immunology, pp. 1 - 2 7 3 . 6 t h . Revised R e p r i n t . Blackwell S c i e n t i f i c P u b l i c a t i o n s Oxford . Salman, M.D. a n d H.E. M e y e r . 1984. Epidemiolgy of b o v i n e b r u c e l l o s i s i n t h e Mexican v a l l e y , Mexico: literature review of d i s e a s e - a s s o c i a t e d factors. Am. J . V e t . R e s . 4 5 ( 8 ) : 1 1 5 7 - 1 1 6 0 .
S c h i l f , E.A. 1968. B r u c e l l o s i s e r a d i c a t i o n p r o g r a m , i t s present and future status. Journal of Dairy S c i e n c e 51: 1121-1125. P u r w a d i k a r t a . A . Wahyudin d a n M. Penbuatan A n t i s e r a mono-spesifik B r c t c e l l a abartos d a n H r c t c e j l a r n c l I i t e n 3 . z r . Penelit i a n p e n d a h u l u a n . P e n y a k i t Hewan 30: 19-23.
Setiawan, E . D . , M.B. Soeroso. 1985.
S e t i a w a n . E. D . 19531. P e n e l i t i a n B r u c e l l o s i s P a d a S a p i Bogor. d i Indonesia. Balai Penelitian Veteriner. S m i t h , J . B . d a n S . M a n g k o e w i d ~ o y o . 1988. P e m e l i h a r a a n , P e m b i a k a n d a n P e n g g u n a a n Hewan P e r c o b a a n d i D a e r a h T r o p i s , h a l . 58-83. U I - P r e s s , J a k a r t a . S m i t h , L . D . a n d T . A . F i c h t . 1990. P a t h o g e n e s i s of B r u cella, 209-230. Ln W . M . 0 7 L e a r y . a. C r i t i c a l R e v i e w T R P . h M i c r o b i o l o g y 17 <3). CRC P r e s s , Inc. Boca R a t o n . Soeroso,M. d a n T a u f a n i . 1972. B r u c e l l o s i s d i I n d o n e s i a . B u l l e t i n LPPH. 3-4: 31. S p e r r y , J . F . and D C. by r 6 c bolism 619 - 630.
Robertson. J
1
-
.
1975. E r y t h r i t o l J . Bact. 121
cata(12):
S t e r b a , F . 1984. E x p e r i m e n t a l i n d u c t i o n o f spontaneous Brucellosis i n guinea pigs by contact with other Br-i:cella guinea p i g s infected subcutaneously with suls b i o v a r 2. V e t e r i n a r y M e d i c i n a . 33(4): 241254. S t e v e n s o n . W . J . a n d K.L. H u g h e s . 1980. S y n o p s i s Zoonosis in Australia, pp. 12-15. Aus. Goverment Publishing Service. Canbera. S u b r o n t o . 1885. I l m u P e n y a k i t Hewan h a l . Mada U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , Y o g y a k a r t a .
464-485. G a j a h
Pada S u d i b y o , A . d a n P . R o n o h a r d ~ o . 1989. B r u c e l l o s i s Sapi P e r a h . Proceeding Pertemuan I l m i a h Ruminans i a . P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n Dan P e n g e m b a n g a n P e t e r n a k a n . Bogor. S u d ~ a n a . 1980. D i s a i n d a n A n a l i s i s E k s p e r i m e n . Bandung.
Tarsito.
Sutherland, S.S. 1980. Immunology o f o s i s . V e t . B u l l . . 50, 5:359-368.
bovine
brucell-
S u t h e r l a n d , S . S . a n d J . S e a r s o n . 1990. T h e Immune Response t o H r t . . t c e l l a a b c 7 r t ~ t s : The Humoral Response. pp. 66-81. b K . N i e l s e n and J . R . Duncan, &is. Animal Brucellosis. CRC P r e s s , B o c a Raton. Ann Arbor, Boston. Syamsudin. A. 1988. I l m u P e n y a k i t Hewan M e n u l a r , 40-52. CV. Y a s a g u n a . J a k a r t a .
pp.
T a b a t a b a i . L . B . . B . L . D e y o e , A.E. R i t c h i e . 1979. I s o l a t i o n and c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of t o x i c f r a c t i o n s from R r . ~ ~ c Ie al a h u r t c t s . I n f e c . I m m u n i t y . 2 6 : 6 2 8 . Thoen. C.O. a n d F . E n r i g h t . 1986. B r u c e l l a , p p . 1607 & G y l e s , C . L . a n d C . O . T h o e n &. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals. Iowa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s . Ames. Thomsen. A . 1949. E x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d i e s on t h e i n c u b a tion period of i n f e c t i o u s abortion in cattle. Nordisk Veterinarmedicin. 1: 797-804 (English summary). T h o r n t o n , D . H . a n d J . C . M u s k e t t . 1972. T h e u s e of l a b o ratory animals i n t h e potency test of Hrcice.i.Za a b o r t u s S . 19 V a c c i n e . J . Comp. P a t h . 8 2 : 201-208. T i z a r d , I . 1982. V s t e r i n a r y Immunology a n I n t r o d u c t i o n , pp. 1-35. 3' E d . W.B. S a n d e r s Company. Philadelphia. T o e l i h e r e . M . R . 1985. I l m u K e b i d a n a n P a d a Ternak d a n K e r b a u , h a l . 1-203. U I P r e s s , J a k a r t a . Trap,
Sapi
1984. S e r o l o g i c a l d i a g n o s i s D. a n d R . G a u m o n t . ELISA with of bovine B r u c e l l o s i s comparation of test. Develop. Biol. conventional serological S t a n d a r d i z a t i o n , 56: 407-410.
Vella, E . E . 1983. B r u c e l l o s i s ( t h e C o r p s D i s e a s e ) . R i s . Army Med. C o r p s . 129: 97-100.
J.
Verger, J . M . , M . G r a y o n a n d F. G r a v o u l . 1975; B r u c e l l a isolated in France: identification in typing L C a abortcts. V e t . Bull. 1976. 46(3): 173. A b s t . 1171.
V i z c a i n o , J . H . S . a n d M.C. A l v a r e z . 1 9 8 7 . Enzyme Imnuno a s s a y T e h n i q u e s , ELISA, i n A n i m a l a n d P l a n t D i s e a s e s . 2"' E d . T e c h n i c a l s e r i e s No. 7 . 0 . I . E. P a r i s . Wagner, of
3 . E . a n d P . J . Manning e d s . 1 9 7 6 . The Biology t h e Guinea Pig. A c a d e m i c P r e s s . New Y o r k .
Witono, S . , I . G . S u d a n a d a n N. S u h e n d r a . Serologik t e r h a d a p B r u c e l l a d i BPPH Denpasar .
1982. Wilayah
U J ~ 11,
World H e a l t h O r g a n i z a t i o n . 1 9 8 6 . J o i n t FAO/WHO Expert C o m i t t e e on B r u c e l l o s i s . S i x t h R e p o r t . WHO T e c h n i c a l R e p o r t S e r i e s N o . 7 4 0 . WHO. G e n e v a . B a c t e r i a l I n f e c t i o n and Immunity Woolcock, J . B . 1 9 7 9 . i n Domestic Animals, pp. 35-80. Elsevier Scientific P u b l i s h i n g Company. Amsterdam. Oxford. New York.
L.F.,
T o o n e a n d R.L. Jasman. 1981. v a c c i n e : Comparison of p r o t e c t i o n p r o v i d e d by immunopotentiated 45/20 b a c t e r i n s and life s t r a i n 1 9 v a c c i n e i n G u i n e a pigs. Am. J . V e t . Res. 42.11: 959-1962.
Woodard,
Rrcfce1Z a
N.M.
abur-tct-5
Wright, P.F., K.H. N i e l s e n and W.A. Kelly. 1990. Primary binding techniques f o r the serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis: enzyme immunoassay, Jh. Nielsen, K. a n d J . R . D u n c a n , Animal Brucell o s i s , Boca R a t o n . B o s t o n .
L
A
M
P
I
R
A
N
Tabel lampiran 1.
Konversi t i t e r a n t i b o d i ke dalam I n t e r n a s i o n a l U n i t (Alton e t a 1 . , 1988)
....................................................... Pengenceran akhir serum
Pembacaan a k h i r akhir
Int e r n a s i o n a l unit
....................................................... 1 : lo + ++ +++ ++++
17 20 23
27
T a b e l l a m p i r a n 2.
P e r h i t u n e a n I D 0 H. a b o r t u s i s o l a t ~ u l a w s s fS e l a t a n
N i l ai Gab~ngan
Tirrgkat
Dosis (40 x )
Infeksi
Tidak Infeksi
Jarak perbandingan =
Infeksi
Tdk-Infeksi Fiat-Infeksi % taw
71-50
23.
71-28
43
----- =
--
=
0,48
ID50 p a d a marmot = 103-0,48 = la2,52
= 0,33
x
lo3 kuman h i d u p / m l .
Tabel lampiran 3 .
--
-
P e r h i t u n g a n ID50 B - a b o r t u s i s o l a t Jawa Tinur
-
Tingkat Dosis (48 x ) Infeksi
Jarak
Nilai Gabungan Tidak Infeksi
Infeksi
perbandingan =
IDSO pada marmot = l
Tdk-Infeksi Rat-Infeksi % tase
71-50
21
71-45
26
----- ~
=
--
- 0,80
103,2 ~
-
~
= 1,58 x lo3 k u m a n h i d u p / m l .
~
~
T a b e l lampiran 4 .
Tingkat Dosis (40 n) Infeksi
Jarak
P e r h i t u n g a n IDs0 H i s o l a t Jawa B a r a t
abortus
Nilai G a b n g a n Tidak Infeksi
Infeksi
perbandingan =
Tdk-Infeksi Fht-Infeksi % tase
----- =
1
76-50
IDs0
pada marmot =
lo4-l = lo3
= 1
x
lo3 kuman hidup/ml
T a b e l l a m p i r a n 5.
Penparuh d o s i s i n f e k s i k u m a n R abortus dan l a m a i n f e k s i t e r h a dap j u m l a h kunan d a l a m linpa, h a t i , u t e r u s dan t e s t i s m a r m o t
....................................................... Li m p a s H a ti : Uter.& Bo.
Dosis kum-
Tee.
48-S : 4 - S 8mBg:4mpg8mgg .......................................................
: :
48,O 9.6
:
61.5 12.3
Jumlah: Rata-rata:
116,O 23,268
96.0 19,314
Jumlah: Rata-rata:
263,5 52.712
162.0 32.404:
37.5 7.5
42,5 8,s
: :
2.0 0.4
1-0 0-2
: :
3.5 0.7
2.5 0.5
Tabel lampiran 6 . Pengaruh Penberian Vaksin Bruc e l l a A k t i f dan I n a k t i f Terhadap J u m l a h Kuman, T i t e r A n t i b o d i d a n B e r a t Limpa p a d a Marmot
................................................................................................. Vaksin A k t i f IS. 19) Waltu Tantangan lrinqgu)
Jumlah T i t e r antibodi Berat Kumfn Lilpa I10 ) SAT 6H? 1.g)
-------------................................................ No.
Vatsin I n a k t i f (S. 45/20)
: Jurlah T i t e r antibodi : Kurgn -------------: ( 1 0 ) SAT 6HT
Berat Liepa In0
Kontrol
: Jurlah : Kur~n : (101
Berat Limp Img)
T a b e l l a n p i r a n 7.
b b e r kerag-
A n a l i s i s ragam p e n g a r u h d o s i s i n f e k s i P. a b o r t u s dan lama i n f e k s i t e r h a d a p j u m l a h kuman d a l a m l i n p a marmot
Derajat
Jumlah
Kuadrat
kebas
kuadrat
tw"FJah
2 2 7 9 3 0
2279,o
F hit
P -nilai
162,6**
0,COCQ
I
h i s infeksi
(A)
1
Lama i n f e k s i
(I31
1
=#I
738,1
%2,67**
1
352,1
-332,l
23,70** 0,CKXM
Interaksi (A x B)
Keterangan:
** *
O,W33
= b e r b e d a s a n g a t n y a t a (p<0,01)
=
berbeda nyata (p<0,05) n s = t i d a k berbeda nyata (p>0,05)
Tabel l a m p i r a n 8 .
SLcmtRI- k e r a g -
Derajat
Jwlah
bLadrat
bebas
kcdrat
tengah
17.11
17,11
Dosis infeksi
(A)
1
Lana i n f e k s i
(8)
1
Keterangan:
A n a l i s i s ragam d o s i s i n f e k s i H. a b o r t u s d a n l a m a i n f e k s i t e r h a d a p j u m l a h kuman d a l a n h a t i marmot
G,51
43,51
F hit
F' -nilai
7 , 7 1 : & ~ 0,4259
19,6n**
= b e r b e d a s a n g a t n ~ a t a< ~ < 0 , 0 1 ) x = b e r b e d a n y a t a (p
0 . 0 5 ) .
0,022
I
Tabel lampiran 9.
Derajat bebas
Swnber keragaman
-is
infeksi
Lama i n f e k s i
Tabel
P-nilai
12,86**
0,0325
0,4333
(B)
1
0-2(3RC,
0 , m
ns
0,-1~10-~~
~ , = l ~ l l : ~ - ~0~
Derajat
Jcmlah kuadrat
khadrat teogah
1
3i'99mXX~
-3789rXC~
J e n i s Vaksin
2
4777cKO.2
Z?EEKxXO
2
11Su30CO
'XMeCKO
(B)
I n t e r a k s i (A x 8 )
*
ns
9
~ 1,0(3nn "
A n a l i s i s ragam p e n g a r u h penberian vaksin Brucella dan vaksiwaktu t a n t a n g a n p a s c a n a s i terhadap b e r a t limpa marmot
Waktct t a n m a n ( A )
**
~
0,0295
= berbeda nyata (p<0,05) = t i d a k berbeda nyata (p>0,05)
bebas
Keterangan:
5,714**
= berbeda sangat nyata
lampiran 10.
Sumber kerag-
kuman marmot
F hit
0,4W
** *
ama
KLladrat M g a h
1
1
dosis
Jwnlah ktladrat
(CI)
I n t e r a k s i ( A x HI
Keterangan:
A n a l i s i s ragan pengaruh i n f e k s i H. a b n r - t c c s d a n l i n f e k s i terhadap jumlah dalam u t e r u s dan t e s t i s
F hit
4.19"~
berbeda nyata
= t i d a k berbeda nyata 0,05)
Os0S1E?
26,4€)** 0,CCKW
= berbeda sangat nyata (p<0.01)
=
P--ni lai
6,37**
0,czlbz
T a b e l l a m p i r a n 11.
Sumber kerag-
Derajat bebas
Waktu tantangall ( A ) Jenis vaksin
1
(a)
Interaksi ( A x R )
Keterangan:
0,03065
0,CiO6S
2
7, C165
7,683
1E3,bl
3,SV
Fhit
P -nilai
C I , C J C E O ~0,9643 ~~
58,14**
0, C X K O
I~,cx**
0,CrIaS
O,a201
** *
= berbeda sangat nyata (p<0,01) = berbeda nyata 0 , 0 5 )
Scrmber kerag-
Derajat bebas
Waktrctantangan ( A )
(Bl
Interaksi ( A x B)
Keterangan:
Kuadrat tmgah
z',zi'
Tabel lampiran 12.
Jenis vaksin
Jwnlah kuadrat
2
24
Galat
A n a l i s i s ragam p e n g a r u h pemberian v a k s i n B r u c e l l a dan waktu t a n t a n g a n p a s c a vaksinasi terhadap jumlah kuman d a l a m l i m p a marmot
**
* ns
A n a l i s i s ragam p e n g a r u h pemberian v a k s i n B r u c e l l a dan waktu t a n t a n g a n p a s c a vaksin a s i terhadap t i t e r antibodi d a l a m s e r u m marmot Jumlah kuadrat
hadrat tmgah
F hit
1
0,7144
0,7144
0,668"~
0,4259
1
6,962
6,962
6,505*
Cl,CY214
1
3,378
3,378
3,15i"=
0,0946
= berbeda s a n g a t n y a t a (p<0,01) = berbeda n y a t a (pt0,05) = t i d a k berbeda n y a t a (p>0,05)
P-nilai
Lanpiran
1.
P r o s e d u r pewarnaan K o s t e r
Bahan dan Cara 1.
Buat p r e p a r a t u l a s dan f i k s a s i d i a t a s a p i .
2.
Warnai dengan 2 t e t e s l a r u t a n s a f r a n i n p e k a t d a n
5
t e t e s l a r u t a n 1 I4 p o t a s i u m h i d r o k s i d a ( 1 - 2 m e n i t ) . 3.
Cuci dengan a i r mengalir.
4.
Untuk kan,
n e n g h i l a n g k a n z a t warna yang t i d a k t u a n g k a n l a r u t a n 0 . 1 % asam s u l f u r i k
diperlu(
10-20 d e -
tik).
5.
Cuci hingga b e r s i h dengan a i r m e n g a l i r .
6.
T u a n g k a n l a r u t a n 1%C a r b o l m e t h y l e n e b l u e ( 2 - 3 tik).
Larutan Carbol methylene b l u e d i b u a t
melarutkan
de-
dengan
1 gram m e t h y l e n e b l u e dalam 1 0 m l
etha-
n o l p e k a t d a n t a m b a h k a n 1 0 0 m l l a r u t a n 5% p h e n o l . 7.
Cuci dengan a i r mengalir dan keringkan.
8.
Lihat
dibawah mikroskop,
kuman
Brucella
beraarna
merah o r a n y e dengan latar b e l a k a n g b e r w a r n a b i r u .
126 Lampiran 2 .
Prosedur perwarnaan Ziehl-Nielsen
Larutan zat aarna: L a r u t a n pokok z a t warna c a r b o l f u c h s i n Basic fuchsin Methanol p e k a t
1 gr
(100%)
90 m l
5% P h e n o l Larutan
10 m l
s i a p pakai:
k a l i dengan
L a r u t a n pokok
diencerkan
10
l a r u t a n 5% phenol.
Prosedur pewarnaan: 1.
B u a t p r e p a r a t u l a s b i a k a n kuman p a d a o b j e k g l a s d a n difiksasi diatas api.
2.
Warnai d e n g a n c a r b o l f u c h s i n y a n g s u d a h
diencerkan
s e l a m a 10 n e n i t . 3.
Cuci dengan a i r m e n g a l i r .
4.
Tuangkan tik,
l a r u t a n 0.5%
a s a n a s e t a t , s e l a n a 20-30
de-
u n t u k menghilangkan z a t warna yang t i d a k dibu-
tuhkan. 5.
Cuci dengan a i r mengalir.
6.
Teteskan
7.
Lihat
1%m e t h y l e n b l u e s e l a m a 20 d e t i k .
dibawah mikroskop,
kuman
Brucella
merah dengan latar b e l a k a n g b e r w a r n a b i r u .
berwarna
Lanpiran 3.
P r o s e d u r pewarnaan G r a m
Larutan zat a a r n a 1.
L a r u t a n pokok K r i s t a l V i o l e t : K r i s t a l violet E t h a n o l 95%
2.
L a r u t a n pokok O k s a l a t : Ammonium o k s a l a t A i r suling Larutan k r i s t a l v i o l e t s i a p p a k a i : 20 n o . 1 d i c a m p u r d'engan 8 0 m l l a r u t a n 2 .
m l
1 gr 100 m l larutan
3.
Larutan Iodine: Kristal iodine 1 Br Potasium i o d i d e 2 gr Kedua bahan dilarutkan dalam 10 m l air suling menjadi 200 kemudian tambahkan air s u l i n g h i n g g a ml. Larutan disimpan dalam b o t o l g e l a p .
4.
Pencuci (decolorizer) : E t h a n o l 95% Aceton
5.
L a r u t a n pokok S a f r a n i n : Saf r a n i n 2,5 g r E t h a n o l 95% 100 m l L a r u t a n s a f r a n i n s i a p p a k a i : l a r u t a n pokok d i e n c e r kan dalam a i r s u l i n g dengan p e r b a n d i n g a n 1 : 4
6.
L a r u t a n pokok c a r b o l f u c h s i n : Basic fuchsin 1 gr Methanol p e k a t ( 100%) 10 ml 90 m l 5% P h e n o l Larutan k a r b o l f u c h s i n yang digunakan enceran a t a u 1:20 d i e n c e r k a n dengan air s u l i n g .
1:10
P r o s e d u r Peaarnaan: 1.
Objek g e l a s d i b e r s i h k a n d e n g a n a l k o h o l kemudian d i fiksasi diatas api,
s e l a n j u t n y a kuman y a n g a k a n d i -
warnai diratakan d i a t a s objek g e l a s l a l u diatas api.
difiksasi
128
2.
Tuangkan z a t w a r n a k r i s t a l v i o l e t d i a t a s
permukaan
kuman p a d a o b j e k g e l a s b i a r k a n s e l a m a 30-60 d e t i k . 3.
Z a t warna d i b u a n g l a l u d i c u c i dengan l a r u t a n untuk
menghilangkan
sisa-sisa
zat
warna
iodine kristal
v i o l e t b i a r k a n s e l a m a 1-2 m e n i t . 4.
Larutan
5.
Tuangkan
iodin dibuang. l a r u t a n a c e t o n a l k o h o l h i n g g a kuman
pada
pernukaan objek g e l a s t i d a k berwarna. 6.
Larutan aceton alkohol dibuang
7.
Tuangkan l a r u t a n c o u t e r s t a i n :
-
z a t warna s a f r a n i n b i a r k a n
s e l a m a 30-60 d e t i k .
- k a r b o l f u k s i n b i a r k a n s e l a m a 60 d e t i k . 8.
Dicuci dengan a i r mengalir dan
dikeringkan
diatas
a p i sebelum d i l i h a t dengan mikroskop. Hasil:
Bakteri Bakteri merah
G r a m p o s i t i f b e r w a r n a ungu a t a u v i o l e t Gram negatif ( 5 - ahorti~c;) berwarna
129 Laapiran 4.
P e m b u a t a n m e d i a D e x t r o s e Serum A g a r
B a h a n dan C a r a : Bacto Tripton
10
g
Bacto Peptamin
10
g
Bacto Dektrose
1
g
Bacto Yeast e k s t r a k
2
g
0,1
g
0,1
g
Sodium k l o r i d
(Na C1)
Sodium b i s u l f i t
Air s u l i n g
1000 n l .
Semua b a h a n d i l a r u t k a n d a l a m a i r s u l i n g , pH 7 , l d a n s a r i n g d e n g a n k a p a s .
Selanjutnya
kan p a d a s u h u 1 2 0 ~ s e l~a m a 1 5 m e n i t ,
tetapkan disteril-
kemudian m e d i a d i -
masukan k e d a l a m p e n a n g a s a i r s u h u 58%.
m l serum s a p i a t a u kuda s t e r i l yang t e l a h
Tambahkan
50
diinaktifkan
p a d a s u h u 56OC s e l a m a 30 m e n i t . U n t u k membuat a g a r m i r i n g t a b u n g b e r i s i m e d i a y a n g belum
beku
d i m i r i n g k a n d a n u n t u k membuat
media
y a n g b e l u m b e k u d i t u a n g k a n k e d a l a m cawan
Media d i k o n t r o l t e r h a d a p kemungkinan
agar
kontaminasi
pelat petri. yaitu
d e n g a n c a r a d i i n k u b a s i p a d a s u h u 3 7 O ~s e l a m a 24 j a m .
130 Lampiran 5 . Sebelum jenis
Pembuatan media F a r r e l l
m e d i a b a s a l DSA b e k u
larutan antibiotik.
tambahkan
Antibiotik
ini
o l e h s u a t u pabrik dan dikemas dalam b o t o l
beberapa diproduksi
(flakon)
yang
terdiri dari: Bacitracin Polymixin B
25 u n i t / m l 5 unit/ml
Sikloheksamid
1 0 0 ug/ml
Asam Nalikdik
5 ug/ml
Nistatin Van k o m i s i n Untuk
1 flakon
100 u n i t / m l
2 0 ug/ml d i l a r u t k a n d a l a m 500 m l m e d i a b a s a l
DSA d a n s e l a n j u t n y a d i t u a n g k a n
kedalam cawan.
