Polyatomic Ions Prefixes
The names of polyatomic ions can give you a clue about their formulas. Many polyatomic ions end in "ate", for example: Nitrate
NO31
Phosphate PO43 Carbonate CO32
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Polyatomic Ions Prefixes
If the ending is changed to "ite", the ionic charge stays the same, but there will be one less oxygen in the ion. For example: Nitrite
NO21
Phosphite
PO33
Carbonite
CO22
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Polyatomic Ions Prefixes
Prefixes "hypo" and "per" also can be added. The prefix "hypo" means there are two less oxygens than in the original ion. For example: Hyponitrite
NO1
Hypophosphite PO23 Hypocarbonite CO2
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Polyatomic Ions Prefixes
The prefix "per" means there is one more oxygen than in the original ion. For example: Pernitrate
NO41
Perphosphate
PO53
Percarbonate
CO42
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Polyatomic Ions Prefixes
Write formulas for the following variations on the Chlorate ion: Chlorate
Chlorite
Hypochlorite
Perchlorate
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ClO31
Write the name and formula for compounds formed using the following:
Sodium and the phosphate ion Calcium and the sulfate ion Potassium and the chlorate ion Aluminum and the hydroxide ion
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Write the name and formula for compounds formed using the following:
Beryllium and the nitrate ion Magnesium and the bicarbonate ion Nickel (II) and the carbonate ion Nickel (III) and the carbonate ion
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Classify and Name the following compounds:
CuCO3
SnBr4
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S2O4
AgNO3
C2H6
Ca3P2
Acids Acids are a combination of a positively charged hydrogen ion with a negatively charge ion, either a nonmetal or a polyatomic ion. The combination is always dissolved in water; this is indicated using the subscript (aq), which stands for . So, when you write the formula for an acid, you just add the subscript at the end. For example, the formula for Hydrochloric acid, which we used in previous demonstrations, is written as:
HCl(aq)
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Categories of Acids We will be dividing acids into two categories: 1)
Nonoxyacids Composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal (they may also include a polyatomic ion which does not contain oxygen)
2)
Oxyacids Composed of hydrogen and a polyatomic ion containing oxygen
The rules for naming each are slightly different.
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NonOxyacids Balance the formula the same as you would with any ionic compound, using hydrogen as an ion with a 1+ ionic charge.
For example: Hydrogen combined with chlorine forms hydrochloric acid. Determine the formula:
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NonOxyacids What would the formula be for an acid composed of hydrogen and sulfur?
Hydrogen and nitrogen?
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NonOxyacids What would the formula be for an acid composed of hydrogen and the polyatomic ion cyanide?
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Naming Non Oxyacids When naming nonoxyacids, follow these rules: 1)
Use the prfix "hydro"
2)
Write the name of the negative ion, changing the ending to "ic"
3)
Add the word "acid"
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Naming NonOxyacids Name the acids we've previously looked at: 1)
HCl(aq)
2)
H2S(aq)
3)
H3N(aq)
4)
HCN(aq)
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Oxyacids These are combinations of the hydrogen ion and a polyatomic ion containing oxygen. Balance the ionic formula the same as normal, using hydrogen as a 1+ ion. Be sure to include the subscript (aq) For example, how could you balance the formula for a combination of hydrogen and the nitrate ion?
H1+ Would end up being:
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and
NO31
HNO3(aq)
Oxyacids Balance the formula for an acid composed of hydrogen and the sulfate ion.
What is the formula for an acid including the chlorite ion?
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Naming Oxyacids When naming oxyacids, the rules are a little different:
1)
Start with the name of the negative ion ...do NOT include the "hydro " prefix
2)
Change the ending depending on the polyatomic ion used: *if the ion ends in " ate", change the ending to " ic" *if the ion ends in " ite", change the ending to " ous"
3)
Add the word "acid" to the end
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Naming Oxyacids Just remember the rule:
ateic, iteous For example, name the oxyacids we looked at earlier:
HNO3(aq)
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Naming Oxyacids
H2SO4(aq)
HClO2(aq)
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Naming Oxyacids This gives us groups of very similar sounding acids, all of which are different and have different chemical formulas. For example, we may have:
Hydronitric acid
Nitric acid
H3N(aq)
HNO3(aq)
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Nitrous acid
HNO2(aq)
Naming Acids Write the name and formulas for acids formed by hydrogen and:
1)
Bromine
2)
Acetate
3)
Sulfite
4)
Phosphorous
5)
Carbonate
6)
Fluorine
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Homework
Complete the sheet on naming and writing formulas for acids.
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