World Mineral Production
2011–2015
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WORLD MINERAL PRODUCTION 2011–15
Authors: T J Brown, N E Idoine, E R Raycraft, R A Shaw, E A Deady, S F Hobbs, and T Bide Technical support: A C MacKenzie
Keyworth, Nottingham
British Geological Survey 2017
© NERC 2017 all rights reserved First Published 2017 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG 0115-936 3100 The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP 0131-667 1000 London Office, Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, London SW7 2DE 020-7589 4090 The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details above or shop online at www.geologyshop.com The London Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Desks. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department for International Development. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. All communications regarding the content of this publication should be addressed to the Science Director, Minerals & Waste, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG 0115-936 3495 Fax 0115 936 3200 E-mail
[email protected] The compilations presented in this book are copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the Director, British Geological Survey. Bibliographical reference BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2017. World mineral production 2011-15. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.)
Cover image: Open pit, Aitik, Sweden, operated by Boliden. Copyright © 2017 Boliden.
ISBN 978-0-85272-868-0 (print version) ISBN 978-0-85272-867-3 (website version)
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PREFACE Welcome to the latest edition of World Mineral Production, which includes global mineral production data for 2015 and is a continuation of the dataset that began in 1913. This publication is compiled from a comprehensive database, maintained by the British Geological Survey, through which we aim to provide a reliable, comprehensive and continuous set of data covering most of the minerals that enter international trade. In this volume we have set out the production figures by country for more than 70 mineral commodities, over the five-year period from 2011 to 2015. The objective of this series remains to present the latest production information obtained from official bodies in individual countries, although other sources are also used to ensure completeness and accuracy. The cooperation afforded to the British Geological Survey by numerous national and international organisations is gratefully acknowledged. The production statistics in this latest volume reveal that for most minerals production in 2015 was broadly similar to 2014, with the world totals for the majority of mineral commodities increasing or decreasing by less than 10 per cent. There are exceptions, of course. For example the mine production of platinum group metals increased by nearly 22 per cent in 2015 compared to 2014, more than reversing the fall in 2014 compared to 2013. This is almost entirely due to production levels in South Africa returning to more typical levels following the challenges experienced there in 2014. However, global output is still seven per cent lower in 2015 than it was in 2011 and the World Platinum Council reported that the market remained in deficit. Other notable production increases in 2015 compared to 2014 are mined bismuth (up 16 per cent), bauxite (up 13 per cent), bentonite (up 11 per cent) and mined cobalt (up 10 per cent). The increase in mined bismuth is largely due to a new mine opening in Vietnam. The increase in bauxite is predominantly due to a significant increase in output from Malaysia which has more than offset the continued decline in production from Indonesia following the ban on exports from the latter. However, we are expecting a notable change in this position for 2016 because Malaysia has instigated its own restrictions on bauxite mining as a result of environmental issues associated with this higher production.
Mineral commodities with notable reductions in global production in 2015 compared to 2014 include mined antimony (down 18 per cent), barytes (down 10 per cent), asbestos (down 20 per cent) and bromine (down 11 per cent). For each of these, a large part of the decrease is due to reductions in a single country: for example, in China mine production of antimony fell by 21 per cent in 2015 compared to 2014 and barytes by 27 per cent. Asbestos production in Russia and bromine production in Israel both declined by 33 per cent. It can often be difficult to determine the exact cause of declining production levels such as these. Concern surrounding the worldwide security of supply of minerals, which has been evident for a few years now, continues. Particular interest focusses on the so called ‘critical’ minerals, i.e. those elements that are essential for new and/or green technologies. New policies and programmes of supporting research have continued to be developed across the entire worldwide supply chain, with the common aims of diversifying the supply base, improving resource efficiency (which includes, but is not limited to, recycling), and developing alternatives for the most constrained elements both in terms of substituting materials and other technologies. During the past year, the BGS has been part of the consortium that is preparing the next update of the European commission’s list of critical raw materials and the final results are expected to be published later in 2017. In addition, BGS continues to be involved with several materials-related research projects including: the European rare earth element project (EURARE; www.eurare.eu); Blue Mining (www.bluemining), which is focussed on sustainable deep sea mining; and Mineral Intelligence Capacity Analysis (MICA; http://mica.eurogeosurveys.org/). New projects in this research area, which have just commenced, include: Solution for Critical Raw Materials – a European Expert Network (SCRREEN; http://scrreen.eu/) and Global Material Flows and Demand-Supply Forecasting for Mineral Strategies (MinFuture). As always, I would welcome any comments and suggestions that you have relating to this volume which might help us to meet your ongoing needs.
John N Ludden Executive Director British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham February 2017
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CONTENTS
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Commodity Index
Coverage
Alumina 3 Aluminium 4 Antimony 5 Arsenic 5 Asbestos 6 Barytes 7 Bauxite 2 Bentonite 8 Beryl 10 Bismuth 11 Borates 11 Bromine 12 Cadmium 12 Chromium 13 Coal 14 Cobalt 17 Copper 19 Diamond 22 Diatomite 23 Feldspar 24 Ferro alloys 37 Fluorspar 25 Fuller’s earth 8 Gallium 26 Germanium 26 Gold 27 Graphite 29 Gypsum 30 Indium 32 Iodine 32 Iron ore 32 Iron and steel 34 Kaolin 40 Lead 42 Lithium 44 Magnesite 45 Magnesium 46 APPENDIX
Manganese 47 Mercury 48 Mica 49 Molybdenum 50 Natural gas 56 Natural sodium carbonate 67 Nepheline syenite 50 Nickel 51 Niobium 72 Perlite 53 Petroleum 54 Phosphates 58 Platinum 59 Potash 60 Pyrites 67 Rare earths 61 Rhenium 61 Salt 62 Selenium 64 Silicon 37 Sillimanite 65 Silver 65 Strontium 67 Sulphur 67 Talc 71 Tantalum 72 Tellurium 73 Tin 74 Titanium 75 Tungsten 77 Uranium 78 Vanadium 78 Vermiculite 79 Wollastonite 79 Zinc 80 Zirconium 82
World Mineral Production covers the majority of economically important mineral commodities. For each commodity constant efforts are made to ensure that as many producing countries as possible are reported. For some commodities, where statistics on production are not publicly available, estimates are made. Users of this compilation are advised that more statistical information than can be included in a publication of this nature is held in the British Geological Survey files and is available for consultation. Historical data (from 1913 for many commodities) can be obtained from the predecessors to this series entitled World Mineral Statistics and the Statistical Summary of the Mineral Industry. Copies of these publications are available in the World Archive section of the website: www.mineralsUK.com. Arrangement of countries Countries are ordered alphabetically in geographical groupings as follows: Europe Africa North and Central America, including the Caribbean South America Asia Australasia, including the Pacific Islands Metals Mine production of many metals is expressed in terms of metal content. This is clearly indicated at the head of the table, adjacent to the unit used. For aluminium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc, mine production and metal production are shown in separate tables. Unless otherwise specified, metal production statistics relate to metal recovered from both domestic and imported materials, whether primary or secondary, but exclude remelted material wherever possible. World totals
Tables relating to Europe only
For certain minerals and metals no world total is shown due to the non-availability of certain individual country totals.
Aggregates 84 Cement 86
Exclusion of Warranty Use by recipients of information provided by the BGS, is at the recipients' own risk. BGS has taken care to ensure that information provided is as free from error as is reasonably practical. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality, accuracy, performance, and merchantability of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use whether made known to BGS or otherwise. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurrence however caused. Acknowledgements Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been possible only by obtaining information from a very large number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly home and overseas government departments and specialist national or international authorities concerned with particular sectors of the minerals or metals industries. To all these bodies the British Geological Survey expresses its grateful acknowledgement for the information made available, whether
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in published form or provided by direct correspondence. Particular acknowledgement is made to the Mines Departments and other government agencies of many countries whose regular statements, yearbooks and other reports are worthy of direct consultations by readers in search of detail. Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly allowed information to be reproduced include the International Copper Study Group, the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, the International Nickel Study Group, the Barytes Association and the International Fertilizer Industry Association Ltd. In a few instances, information on specific commodities has been obtained directly from company sources. The co-operation of other members of the International Consultative Group on Non-Ferrous Metal Statistics is also gratefully acknowledged. Supplementary information is also obtained from publications dealing with a wider range of commodities such as Société de l'Industrie Minérale, Annuaire Statistique Mondial des Minerais et Métaux; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, World Metal Statistics and, Metallstatistik; publications of the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS, the United States Geological Survey, and UN agencies. In addition, information has been obtained from the websites of the following organisations, companies, statistical offices and government departments: United Nations; BP Plc; Eurofer; Eurostat; Instituto Latinoamericano del Fierro y el Acero; International Iron and Steel Institute; Kaolin & Plastic Clays Europe; Kimberley Process; World Nuclear Association; African Development Bank; UEPG; Agnico Eagle Mines; Altyntau; Anglo American; AngloGold Ashanti; ARMZ; Aura Minerals Inc; Avocet Mining Plc; Belvedere Resources; BHP Biliton; Boliden Metal Producers; Breakwater Resources; Centamin; Centerra Gold; Consolidated Murchison; CZP; Dominion Salt; Dragon Mining; Dundee Precious Metals; Eagle Graphite; ElektroZinc; Endeavour Mining; Endomines; Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation; Evraz; First Quantum; Galaxy Resources; Gemfields Plc; Glencore Xstrata; GoldBridges; Gravita; Hudson Resources Ltd; Iamgold Corporation; Inmet Mining; IRC Group; KAZ Minerals; Kazakhmys; Kazzinc; Kenmare Resources Plc; Lappland Goldminers; Lundin Mining; Lynas Corporation; Mandalay Resources; Minerals and Metals Group; Nevsun Resources; Nickel Asia; Nordgold; Norsk Hydro; Nyrstar; Orvara Minerals; Outokumpu; Paladin Energy Ltd; PanAust Mining; Phosagro; Phosphate Resources Ltd; Polymetal International; Qatalum; Qatar Steel Company; RandGold Resources; Resolute Mining; Rich Metal Group; Rio Tinto; Ronphos Corporation; UC Rusal; Semafo; Sherritt International; SMR; SMZ company; South 32; Sun-gold; Talvivaara; Teranga Gold Corp; TiZir; UMMC; Uralkali; Vitmetco; Weatherly International Plc; Wolf Minerals; Aluar Aluminio Argentino, Argentina; Alumbrera, Argentina; Institute of Argentinean Petroleum and Gas, Argentina; Acero Argentinos; Department of Natural Resources and Mines Queensland, Australia; Northern Territory Government, Australia; Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Australia; Mineral Resources Tasmania, Australia; Tasmania Mines Ltd; Australia; NWS Department of Primary Industries, Australia; Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics, Australia; Department of Mines and Petroleum, Western Australia; Grafitbergbau-Kaisersberg, Austria; Vereinigung der Osterreichishen Zementindustrie, Austria; Department of Statistics of the Bahamas; Petrobangla, Bangladesh; Central Bank of Barbados; Federation de l'Industrie Cimentiere Belge, Belgium; Belgian Steel Federation; Statistics Belgium; Aluminium Bahrain; National Statistical Committee, Belarus;
Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy, Bolivia; Agency for Statistics; Bosnia & Herzegovina; Departamento Nacional De Producao Mineral, Brazil; Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Brazil; Associação Brasileira do Alumínio, Brazil; Ministerio de Minas y Energia, Brazil; Ministry of Energy, Bulgaria; Chamber of Mines, Burkina Faso; INSD, of the Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Burkina Faso; Institut de Statistiques et d’Etudes Economiques du Burundi, Burundi; Natural Resources Canada; Statistics Canada; Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers; Canadian Clay Products; Chilean Copper Commission; National Service for Geology and Mining, Chile; National Bureau of Statistics, China; Ministerio De Minas Y Energia, Columbia; Statistics Office, Croatia; Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas, Cuba; Czech Republic Statistical Office; Statistics Denmark; Danish Energy Agency, Denmark; Ministerio de Recursos Naturales No Renovables, Ecuador; Fiji Bureau of Statistics; Geological Survey of Finland; Unicem, France; Infociments, France; Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland, Germany; RW Silicium, Germany; BEB Erdgas und Erdol, Germany; Verband der Kali, Germany; Larco, Greece; Central Bank, Guyana; Ministerio de Energia y Minas, Guatemala; Indian Bureau of Mines, India; Federacciai, Italy; Metal Economics Research Institute, Japan; Statistics Agency of Kazkhstan; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Republic of Korea; State Agency of Geology and Mineral Resources, Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan; Statec, Luxembourg; Bank Negara, Malaysia; Minerals & Geoscience department Malaysia; Cámara Nacional de la Industria del Hierro y del Acero, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia, Mexico; Mineral Autlan, Mexico; Mineral Resources & Petroleum Authority of Mongolia; Statistics Office of Montenegro; Ministry of Mines and Energy, Namibia; Bank of Namibia; RONphos Corporation, Nauru; Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands; Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen, Netherlands; Netherlands Oil and Gas Portal; Ministry of Economic Development, New Zealand; Central Bank, Nicaragua; National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria; Statistisk Sentralbyra, Norway; Geological Survey of Norway; Norwegian Petroleum Directorate; Central Bank of Oman; Ministry of National Economy, Oman; Direccion de Estadistica y Censo, Panama; Chamber of Mines and Petroleum, Papua New Guinea; PeruPetro; Ministerio de Energia y Minas, Peru; Sociedad Nacional de Mineria Petroleo y Energia, Peru; Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Philippines; Polish Geological Institute, Poland; Central Statistical Office of Poland; Polish Academy of Science; Centre National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Republic of Congo; Johnson Matthey, Russia; National Bank of Rwanda; Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie, Senegal; Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia; Central Bank of Sierra Leone; Geological Survey, Slovenia; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia; Central Bank of Solomon Islands; Instituto Geológico y Minero, Spain; Unesid, Spain; Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Sweden; Jernkontoret, Sweden; Statistiska Centralbyran, Sweden; Swiss Geotechnical Commission, Switzerland; Bureau of Mines, Taiwan; National Statistics, Taiwan; Bank of Thailand; Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago; Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, United Kingdom; Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom; Energy Information Administration, United States of America; General Statistics Office, Vietnam.
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Units
Symbols
The Statistics shown in this volume are expressed in metric units. The following factors are given for converting to nonmetric units:
... 0 — * BGS
tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet 1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels of crude petroleum. 1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms
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figures not available quantity less than half unit shown nil estimated British Geological Survey
STATISTICAL INFORMATION
Production of bauxite Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
707 712 4 800 80 800 2 324 000 277 800 158 614 5 380 000 1 024 915
800 316 5 690 69 500 1 816 000 255 000 — 5 166 000 1 521 150
657 115 8 220 100 000 1 844 000 93 700 61 154 5 322 000 795 562
605 215 9 100 71 000 1 876 000 14 400 155 153 5 589 000 1 091 442
787 409 — * 70 000 1 821 000 8 300 50 369 5 398 000 * 1 100 000
Ghana Guinea (b) Mozambique Sierra Leone Tanzania
400 069 17 593 100 10 352 1 321 000 29 520
752 771 17 823 000 8 633 776 000 28 434
826 994 18 763 000 6 190 616 000 39 977
798 114 19 182 000 3 386 1 161 705 25 641
1 104 605 18 114 000 4 985 1 334 046 205
Dominican Republic Jamaica Mexico USA (c)
— 10 188 916 14 400 63 121
10 522 9 339 291 96 000 128 152
769 530 9 435 214 — * 100 000
1 446 311 9 676 697 — * 100 000
1 724 162 9 628 824 — * 100 000
Brazil (d) Guyana Suriname Venezuela
33 624 600 1 818 399 3 236 116 2 454 769
34 987 800 2 213 972 2 874 312 2 285 949
33 903 800 1 713 242 2 670 680 2 346 160
36 313 200 1 563 563 2 707 719 2 315 787
37 063 900 1 526 713 1 865 148 991 810
China India (e) Indonesia Iran (f) Kazakhstan Malaysia Pakistan (g) Saudi Arabia Vietnam
37 173 800 13 599 566 40 643 852 818 224 5 495 000 188 141 9 033 206 299 * 100 000
44 052 300 16 611 610 31 443 325 898 437 5 170 000 121 873 30 223 760 114 * 100 000
50 339 383 22 319 148 57 023 774 903 559 5 192 800 208 770 25 288 1 044 360 482 000
59 212 401 22 493 671 2 556 429 748 297 4 515 600 (h)* 3 500 000 31 156 2 076 000 1 090 000
* 65 000 000 28 133 516 471 667 * 700 000 4 682 600 (h)* 27 700 000 24 689 2 174 000 * 1 112 000
Australia Fiji Solomon Islands
70 231 216 — —
76 281 245 349 556 —
81 119 334 564 777 —
78 632 393 489 476 —
80 909 704 172 300 * 300 000
249 000 000
257 000 000
299 000 000
260 000 000
294 000 000
Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia France (a) Greece Hungary Montenegro Russia Turkey
World total
Note(s) (1) This table includes production of refractory bauxite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
2
For non-metallurgical uses No adjustment has been made for moisture content Data for Alabama only Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated Conservative BGS estimate based on reported exports
Production of alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
6 188 261 874 470 000 * 1 000 000 683 030 * 132 000 1 249 300 484 000 2 825 000 * 1 300 000 * 210 000 1 601 000
101 780 202 416 430 000 * 1 000 000 653 011 * 111 000 1 250 600 414 000 2 719 000 * 1 100 000 * 220 000 1 429 000
— 175 961 430 000 * 1 000 000 664 510 * 81 100 1 264 689 391 000 2 659 000 * 1 400 000 * 186 000 1 493 000
— 170 646 400 000 * 1 000 000 674 000 * 1 000 1 270 784 362 627 2 572 000 * 1 400 000 * 190 000 1 455 000
— 250 845 432 000 * 1 000 000 672 100 — 1 283 111 404 825 2 593 000 * 1 400 000 * 190 000 1 481 000
574 000
150 000
—
—
—
1 473 271 1 959 926 3 792 000
1 498 605 1 757 693 4 372 000
1 554 604 1 854 910 4 324 000
1 562 559 1 850 960 4 461 000
1 560 932 1 864 645 4 541 000
Brazil Suriname Venezuela
10 306 800 1 421 464 1 265 530
10 320 600 1 202 806 808 043
9 942 100 1 149 392 579 874
10 404 000 1 149 388 660 195
10 451 500 779 660 459 488
China India (a) Iran (b) Japan Kazakhstan Saudi Arabia Vietnam
34 077 600 3 930 950 233 000 * 500 000 1 670 000 — —
37 696 300 3 609 815 228 000 * 350 000 1 510 000 — —
47 749 600 3 779 301 248 000 * 250 000 1 590 000 — 214 000
52 399 100 * 4 000 000 383 000 * 120 000 1 419 000 23 000 485 000
58 978 000 * 5 000 000 421 700 * 20 000 1 448 000 846 000 * 494 000
Australia
18 726 564
20 914 745
21 528 263
20 474 200
20 097 181
World total
90 200 000
94 000 000
104 500 000
108 900 000
116 700 000
Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland, Republic of Romania Russia Spain Turkey Ukraine Guinea Canada Jamaica USA
Note(s) (1) Where possible figures in this table show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined (2) The figures in this table represent alumina produced from bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt slags formed during the production of secondary aluminium (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated (b) Years ended 20 March following that stated
3
Production of primary aluminium Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
6 817 163 924 600 334 000 432 472 167 490 780 853 141 900 92 838 * 200 000 1 201 000 261 000 3 992 000 162 840 75 300 408 400 111 000 56 400 7 000 213 000
54 890 159 660 — 349 000 410 413 165 050 802 827 99 600 74 813 86 300 1 110 900 248 600 4 024 000 160 662 83 300 386 395 129 000 43 700 — 60 000
53 290 157 191 — 343 000 492 368 169 480 736 429 — 47 951 81 000 1 172 900 250 200 3 724 000 163 000 84 035 * 250 000 131 000 32 200 — 45 000
50 357 131 238 — 415 000 530 700 173 260 748 949 — 42 767 800 1 182 000 263 098 3 488 000 167 767 84 400 * 230 000 113 000 30 400 — 41 000
49 038 118 253 — 415 000 541 000 179 990 735 263 — 42 499 28 200 1 224 000 271 356 3 529 000 171 328 83 800 360 000 116 000 45 900 — 48 000
69 000 353 904 35 000 562 000 15 000 810 000
52 000 393 696 38 000 562 000 22 000 665 000
75 000 318 459 36 600 562 000 2 000 822 000
93 000 333 178 38 100 566 900 — 745 000
* 65 000 292 200 33 800 558 400 — 695 000
Canada USA
2 987 964 1 986 000
2 780 556 2 070 300
2 967 364 1 946 000
2 858 238 1 710 400
2 880 035 1 586 500
Argentina Brazil Venezuela
420 299 1 440 400 330 000
412 692 1 436 400 203 000
434 758 1 304 100 171 717
442 719 962 000 138 334
430 388 772 200 125 537
881 310 20 072 000 1 654 156 246 300 329 000 4 700 249 000 188 100 373 000 468 789 — 278 364 1 750 000
890 217 23 534 000 1 720 427 253 000 335 000 4 500 249 000 121 900 360 000 627 971 — 272 506 1 814 000
912 700 26 534 000 1 667 300 255 300 349 000 3 000 250 159 * 290 000 354 000 634 351 187 000 216 369 1 845 000
931 427 28 316 671 2 026 803 264 400 286 500 500 207 849 440 000 364 000 640 153 662 000 121 261 2 296 000
960 643 31 413 000 2 354 949 257 100 258 700 — 219 192 * 440 000 377 186 637 900 839 000 139 123 2 397 000
1 944 858 357 000
1 864 184 325 000
1 777 408 324 000
1 704 286 327 000
1 645 963 333 000
46 600 000
49 500 000
52 200 000
54 200 000
57 700 000
Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia France Germany Greece Iceland Italy Montenegro Netherlands Norway Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Cameroon Egypt (a) Ghana Mozambique Nigeria South Africa
Bahrain China India (b) Indonesia Iran (c) Japan Kazakhstan Malaysia Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Tajikistan United Arab Emirates Australia New Zealand World total
Note(s) (1) The figures in this table are for primary aluminium only. Aluminium can also be produced from secondary sources and may be recovered from salt slags (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Years ended 20 March following that stated
4
Mine production of antimony
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia Turkey
6 348 2 340
* 6 400 7 119
* 6 520 4 512
* 6 400 3 013
7 420 1 917
Morocco South Africa
1 570 2 391
710 3 044
— 2 332
— 816
— * 100
100 — 105
100 62 169
177 159 294
5 — 266
1 — 90
3 947
5 081
5 053
4 186
3 843
Burma China Iran Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Laos Pakistan (a) Tajikistan Thailand Vietnam
* 5 600 123 900 600 800 892 728 — 6 642 442 286
* 5 900 135 600 — 600 924 521 12 6 645 672 480
* 7 400 152 104 400 900 * 900 804 89 7 307 488 990
* 3 300 140 389 432 800 * 2 450 620 127 * 6 500 706 1 098
* 3 000 111 400 * 400 700 * 2 000 1 100 114 * 5 400 * 700 996
Australia (a)
1 548
1 753
2 883
3 484
3 737
158 000
176 000
193 000
175 000
143 000
Canada Guatemala Mexico Bolivia
World total
Note(s) (1) This table includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys (2) In addition to the countries listed, antimony may be produced in Honduras but available information is insufficient to make a reliable estimate. (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of white arsenic
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Belgium Portugal Russia
* 1 000 * 15 * 1 500
* 1 000 * 15 * 1 500
* 1 000 *— * 1 500
* 1 000 *— * 1 500
* 1 000 *— * 1 500
Morocco Namibia
8 154 1 750
8 820 1 590
8 968 1 520
6 863 1 980
7 567 1 960
Bolivia
99
104
120
52
38
China Japan
* 25 000 * 45
* 26 000 * 45
* 25 000 * 45
* 25 000 * 45
* 25 000 * 45
Note(s) (1) This table includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal produced except where this would involve double counting
5
Production of asbestos
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 050 000
* 700 000
Zimbabwe Chrysotile
—
30
377
—
—
Canada Chrysotile
* 50 000
*—
*—
*—
*—
Argentina Brazil
105 306 320
102 304 568
* 101 290 825
* 100 311 227
*— * 300 000
China India Amphibole (a) Kazakhstan
* 385 000
* 420 000
* 420 000
* 410 000
* 400 000
276 223 200
389 241 000
227 243 300
— 213 100
— 179 800
World total
2 000 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
1 600 000
Russia
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, asbestos may also be produced in Afghanistan, North Korea, Romania and Slovakia. (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated
6
Production of barytes Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Georgia Germany Italy Russia Slovakia Turkey United Kingdom
13 200 — 55 342 * 3 500 * 64 000 13 000 250 786 31 000
28 — — 52 030 * 3 500 * 64 000 21 000 * 250 000 30 000
— 1 000 — 45 446 * 3 500 * 64 000 24 000 * 250 000 * 30 000
— 20 000 500 87 585 * 3 500 * 45 000 21 000 * 340 000 * 44 000
— 60 000 500 45 311 * 3 500 * 60 000 20 000 * 310 000 * 50 000
Algeria Egypt Morocco Nigeria Tunisia Zimbabwe
36 500 4 000 769 504 4 988 5 700 500
36 000 4 000 1 021 400 * 6 000 11 000 100
30 250 3 821 1 094 500 * 6 000 5 300 300
31 234 3 379 1 006 600 * 6 000 9 800 300
* 30 000 4 000 1 212 130 * 6 000 * 10 000 500
Canada Guatemala Mexico USA (a)
* 25 000 334 134 727 710 000
* 25 000 91 139 997 666 000
* 25 000 343 119 402 723 000
* 25 000 43 130 914 663 000
* 25 000 544 200 294 * 700 000
5 053 21 297 7 039 * 2 000 86 790
* 4 200 20 400 3 025 * 2 000 79 451
* 4 200 30 476 *— 2 039 52 491
* 4 200 26 240 *— * 2 000 106 071
* 4 200 46 732 *— * 2 000 * 53 000
500 32 183 4 300 000 1 776 980 271 454 466 000 12 400 — 31 836 30 000 67 703 90 000
300 21 539 4 400 000 1 789 431 314 769 590 000 23 000 — 48 510 32 000 64 499 90 000
400 31 295 3 500 000 1 170 522 435 798 530 200 27 000 500 118 471 30 000 107 437 90 000
500 23 060 4 100 000 910 963 440 741 200 000 46 000 — 133 658 32 000 134 961 140 000
* 500 * 2 900 3 000 000 * 900 000 290 000 210 000 92 000 — 204 940 43 000 170 621 140 000
10 569
10 273
13 176
14 676
6 016
9 300 000
9 800 000
8 600 000
8 800 000
7 900 000
Argentina Bolivia Brazil (b) Colombia Peru Afghanistan Burma (c) China India (c) Iran (d) Kazakhstan Laos Malaysia Pakistan (e) Saudi Arabia Thailand Vietnam Australia World total
Note(s) (1) This table may include small quantities of witherite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Sold or used by producers Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated
7
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth Country Armenia Bentonite Azerbaijan Bentonite Bosnia & Herzegovina Bentonite (a) Bulgaria Bentonite Cyprus Bentonite Czech Republic Bentonite Denmark Bentonite France Bentonite Germany Bentonite Greece Bentonite Attapulgite Hungary Bentonite Italy Bentonite Macedonia Bentonite Poland Bentonite Romania Bentonite Russia Bentonite Slovakia Bentonite Slovenia Bentonite Spain Bentonite Attapulgite Sepiolite Turkey Bentonite Sepiolite Ukraine Bentonite Algeria Bentonite Angola Fuller's earth Egypt Bentonite (b) Kenya Bentonite Malawi Bentonite Morocco Bentonite Fuller's earth (c) Mozambique Bentonite Senegal Attapulgite South Africa Bentonite Attapulgite
8
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
835
4 987
15 387
798
1 592
20 679
36 700
91 958
76 512
53 958
—
—
18 808
80 952
67 261
53 900
77 900
—
41 100
61 600
160 625
160 180
158 386
140 174
127 036
160 000
221 000
226 000
301 000
369 000
38 300
30 330
56 355
66 388
54 272
20 000
28 000
25 000
20 000
* 20 000
375 332
366 220
358 844
394 657
* 395 000
1 188 442 36 720
1 235 105 19 870
1 000 000 32 400
1 011 485 45 000
1 150 000 108 000
22 931
1 392
7 397
10 463
11 420
112 811
95 757
20 129
20 658
* 20 000
8 918
2 355
18 520
11 691
9 004
910
780
1 050
1 650
450
19 864
19 241
24 127
18 583
19 355
* 460 000
* 460 000
* 460 000
* 460 000
* 460 000
213 000
177 000
184 000
205 000
205 000
168
98
143
199
232
110 371 26 021 566 270
96 605 23 537 622 372
102 726 26 764 599 352
105 627 26 798 555 581
102 000 26 188 560 000
471 528 * 10 000
1 033 568 * 10 000
622 872 * 10 000
1 088 444 * 10 000
3 134 911 * 10 000
211 000
219 000
* 219 000
* 219 000
* 219 000
29 000
26 000
27 670
30 800
* 30 000
—
35 492
98 084
...
...
17 709
4 594
2 523
3 615
* 3 500
70
75
80
* 80
* 80
2 450
—
—
—
—
97 071 103 682
91 200 81 800
105 240 59 000
98 757 * 60 000
92 290 * 60 000
493
1 459
968
* 1 000
* 1 000
179 900
180 500
234 600
191 400
188 400
120 417 14 448
120 566 15 850
177 187 21 233
169 591 18 376
163 696 18 280
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth Country Canada Bentonite (d) Cuba Bentonite Guatemala Bentonite Mexico Bentonite Fuller's earth USA Bentonite (e) Fuller's earth (e) Argentina Bentonite Bolivia Bentonite Brazil Bentonite Chile Bentonite Colombia Bentonite Peru Bentonite Uruguay Bentonite China Bentonite India Bentonite (f) Fuller's earth (f) Indonesia Bentonite Iran Bentonite (g) Iraq Bentonite Japan Bentonite Korea (Rep. of) Bentonite Fuller's earth Pakistan Bentonite (b) Fuller's earth (b) Philippines Bentonite Thailand Bentonite Uzbekistan Bentonite Vietnam Bentonite Australia Bentonite (b) Fuller's earth New Zealand Bentonite World total bentonite World total fuller’s earth (a)
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2 266
2 015
3 451
2 083
583
1 244
668
335
700
500
12 270
16 183
18 377
38 368
31 582
563 795 107 436
956 224 227 496
826 887 306 507
474 025 245 147
* 470 000 * 240 000
4 950 000 1 950 000
4 980 000 1 980 000
4 350 000 1 990 000
4 800 000 1 990 000
* 4 320 000 * 1 970 000
236 125
193 795
* 200 000
* 200 000
* 200 000
591
745
182
886
1 023
566 267
512 975
403 351
405 169
* 400 000
1 255
893
358
1 083
1 434
* 8 500
* 8 500
9 056
* 9 000
* 9 000
27 534
22 977
47 743
37 375
21 341
1 210
5 530
8 974
7 800
4 250
* 3 500 000
* 3 500 000
* 3 600 000
* 3 500 000
* 3 500 000
* 1 157 000 * 5 600
* 1 188 000 * 5 600
* 1 305 000 * 5 600
* 1 327 000 * 5 600
* 1 466 000 * 5 600
* 6 500
* 7 000
* 6 000
* 6 000
* 6 000
377 398
430 231
502 155
403 008
430 000
6 452
6 530
6 288
* 6 300
* 6 300
* 425 000
* 420 000
* 420 000
* 420 000
* 420 000
94 987 46 623
88 543 57 787
80 188 51 309
71 850 54 001
78 439 87 094
30 840 4 180
16 520 6 906
26 077 4 259
40 374 6 397
23 283 8 005
2 087
2 699
3 329
3 369
* 3 370
55 220
81 000
150 000
* 150 000
* 150 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 72 000 * 8 000
* 82 100 * 10 000
* 105 900 10 543
* 66 300 10 176
* 70 600 16 216
—
2 263
762
* 750
* 750
16 100 000 3 100 000
17 100 000 3 300 000
16 100 000 3 400 000
16 600 000 3 200 000
18 400 000 3 300 000
See notes on following page
9
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth Note(s) (1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite, the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important (2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process (3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer to attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties (4) In addition to the countries listed, Algeria, France, Iran and Japan may produce fuller's earth (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
Including attapulgite and sepiolite Years ended 30 June of that stated Smectite Sales Sold or used by producers Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated
Production of beryl Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
12 58 *5
16 532 5
* 85 103 5
* 135 — 4
* 135 — 7
USA (b)
5 920
5 570
5 910
6 900
5 100
China
* 550
* 500
* 500
* 500
* 500
Madagascar (a) Mozambique Zambia
Note(s) (a) Includes ornamental and industrial products (b) Includes bertrandite ore, calculated as equivalent to beryl containing 11% beryllium oxide
10
Mine production of bismuth
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Bulgaria Russia
3 — * 45
4 1 * 45
4 3 * 45
*4 — * 45
*4 — * 45
Canada Mexico
92 935
121 800
35 824
3 948
2 606
Bolivia
41
10
—
11
20
China Japan (a) Vietnam
1 544 476 —
2 494 446 —
1 393 485 —
1 490 582 646
* 1 500 568 1 510
World total
3 100
3 900
2 800
3 700
4 300
Note(s) (1) The figures in this table are in some instances derived from reported bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in ores and concentrates exported (2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is insignificant in the countries shown (a) Metal production
Production of borates
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 400 000 2 729 849
* 400 000 1 814 725
* 250 000 1 748 231
* 250 000 3 143 175
* 250 000 2 180 976
* 1 250 000
* 1 300 000
* 1 300 000
* 1 300 000
* 1 300 000
648 806 138 767 488 523 —
* 660 000 142 532 444 487 104 072
* 670 000 157 338 580 528 224 454
* 740 000 151 799 496 533 239 725
* 770 000 166 451 517 584 662 709
* 150 000 1 044 * 30 000
* 160 000 2 500 * 30 000
* 160 000 2 330 * 30 000
* 160 000 1 383 * 30 000
* 160 000 * 1 300 * 30 000
Russia Turkey USA (a) Argentina Bolivia Chile Peru China (b) Iran (c) Kazakhstan Note(s) (a) Sold or used by producers (b) B2O3 equivalent (c) Years ended 20 March following that stated
11
Production of bromine Country
kilograms 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Germany Ukraine
* 1 600 000 * 4 100 000
* 1 600 000 * 4 100 000
* 1 500 000 * 4 100 000
* 1 500 000 * 3 500 000
* 1 500 000 * 3 500 000
USA (a)
* 225 000 000
* 225 000 000
* 225 000 000
* 225 000 000
* 225 000 000
China India (b) Israel Japan Jordan Turkmenistan
* 100 000 000 1 572 160 202 313 000 * 20 000 000 * 50 000 000 * 460 000
* 105 000 000 1 773 010 173 940 000 * 20 000 000 * 60 000 000 * 480 000
* 110 000 000 2 131 260 172 341 000 * 20 000 000 * 80 000 000 * 500 000
* 110 000 000 2 196 270 173 796 000 * 20 000 000 * 100 000 000 * 500 000
* 100 000 000 2 439 390 115 583 000 * 20 000 000 * 100 000 000 * 500 000
605 000 000
592 000 000
616 000 000
636 000 000
569 000 000
World total
Note(s) (a) Elemental bromine sold as such or used in the preparation of bromine compounds by primary producers (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
Production of cadmium
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Bulgaria Germany Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Turkey
— 428 * 400 * 570 309 526 1 100 —
43 360 * 400 * 560 * 310 370 1 000 —
41 411 * 400 * 610 * 310 460 900 12
43 382 * 400 * 620 * 310 628 * 1 000 —
* 40 * 380 * 400 * 620 * 310 383 * 1 000 —
Canada (a) Mexico USA (a)
1 240 1 485 600
1 286 1 482 * 600
1 313 1 451 * 600
1 187 1 409 * 550
1 159 1 301 * 500
Argentina Brazil Peru (b)
31 * 200 572
37 * 200 684
28 * 200 695
30 * 200 769
39 * 200 757
China India (c) Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of
6 672 449 1 755 1 278 3 005 * 200
7 265 391 1 856 1 166 3 904 * 200
7 496 228 1 821 1 335 3 904 * 200
8 201 69 1 851 1 633 5 645 * 200
* 8 200 — 1 959 1 475 * 5 600 * 200
Australia
* 390
* 380
* 380
* 380
* 380
21 200
22 500
22 800
25 500
24 900
World total
Note(s) (1) Data in this table excludes secondary metal unless otherwise stated (a) Including cadmium sponge and/or secondary metal (b) Refined (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated
12
Production of chromium ores and concentrates Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
330 938 692 527 — 662 000 2 281 981
365 749 425 217 2 860 552 000 3 295 398
529 592 981 752 8 950 360 000 4 140 655
683 874 1 034 750 12 700 380 000 6 611 394
639 909 946 188 — * 380 000 * 6 600 000
66 700 10 721 360 64 130 599 079
111 500 11 310 223 18 300 408 476
110 000 13 644 699 30 870 355 142
95 800 14 037 722 61 334 408 422
197 800 15 684 481 * 40 000 * 443 500
542 512
472 501
485 951
716 674
* 700 000
* 4 500 * 200 000 2 923 435 440 000 5 059 000 616 700 * 450 000 25 483 * 24 900
4 678 * 200 000 2 833 895 411 566 5 233 000 554 800 * 500 000 36 628 * 1 800
5 040 * 200 000 2 878 320 344 169 5 255 000 787 700 * 490 000 26 164 * 24 800
* 4 500 * 200 000 2 164 163 359 332 5 410 700 751 200 * 350 000 47 056 *—
* 4 500 * 200 000 2 893 997 * 350 000 5 382 800 442 600 * 330 000 15 502 *—
323 800
452 300
355 200
—
—
26 000 000
27 200 000
31 000 000
33 300 000
35 300 000
Albania Finland (a) Kosovo Russia Turkey Madagascar (b) South Africa Sudan Zimbabwe Brazil Afghanistan China India (c) Iran (d)(e) Kazakhstan Oman Pakistan Philippines (d) Vietnam Australia World total
tonnes (metric)
Note(s) (a) Concentrates (b) Exports (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated (d) Including foundry sand and/or lumpy ore (e) Years ended 20 March following that stated
13
Production of coal Country Albania Lignite Bosnia & Herzegovina Brown coal & lignite Bulgaria Anthracite & Bituminous Lignite Brown coal Czech Republic Bituminous Brown coal Georgia Germany Anthracite & Bituminous Brown coal Greece Lignite Hungary Lignite Brown coal Kosovo Lignite Macedonia Lignite Montenegro Lignite Norway Bituminous (a) Poland Bituminous Lignite Romania Anthracite & Bituminous Lignite Brown coal Russia Serbia Bituminous Lignite (b) Brown coal Slovakia Lignite Brown coal Slovenia Lignite Brown coal Spain Anthracite Bituminous Sub-bituminous Turkey Anthracite Lignite Ukraine Bituminous Lignite United Kingdom Bituminous (c) Botswana Congo, Democratic Republic Bituminous Egypt (d) Ethiopia Lignite Malawi
14
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
100
—
—
—
—
12 738 225
12 311 623
11 764 827
11 673 320
12 111 830
— 34 496 200 2 743 500
— 31 040 700 2 556 700
— 26 459 300 2 301 500
16 500 29 127 500 2 228 800
— 33 773 000 2 165 100
10 967 000 46 848 000 352 872
10 796 000 43 710 000 424 998
8 610 000 40 585 000 404 187
8 341 000 38 348 000 299 314
7 640 000 38 251 000 305 870
12 960 000 176 502 048
11 558 000 185 432 000
8 260 000 182 995 337
8 340 000 178 154 848
6 650 000 178 065 353
58 400 000
62 368 800
55 500 000
50 411 000
45 576 000
8 800 783 699 129
8 438 000 875 944
8 834 000 718 700
8 918 000 635 700
9 095 000 162 490
8 212 103
8 028 397
8 219 393
7 204 211
8 240 694
7 902 084
7 309 546
6 633 560
6 469 819
5 927 749
1 972 671
1 706 302
1 692 535
1 655 045
1 752 758
1 640 000
1 325 000
2 135 000
1 701 000
1 203 000
76 447 604 62 841 269
79 854 904 64 297 772
68 399 000 66 139 000
65 696 000 64 002 000
65 070 000 63 135 000
2 121 574 33 779 130 46 071 334 000 000
1 876 062 31 529 377 17 700 354 000 000
1 839 667 22 902 291 — 347 000 000
1 619 347 23 144 539 — 356 000 000
1 418 596 25 245 677 — 372 000 000
134 000 40 467 132 349 861
141 000 37 707 017 316 507
160 000 39 752 741 340 892
121 000 29 340 000 354 000
123 000 37 308 043 351 116
124 000 1 989 000
136 000 1 964 000
179 000 2 009 000
166 000 1 885 000
97 000 1 636 000
4 066 278 435 800
3 967 064 314 262
3 721 188 50 744
3 108 203 —
3 168 001 —
4 032 683 1 774 992 2 358 372
2 514 649 1 823 343 1 826 680
759 930 1 814 328 1 870 569
1 263 585 1 343 617 1 347 849
1 126 758 631 318 1 318 628
2 619 247 82 375 247
3 235 299 78 014 194
2 789 338 66 310 998
1 916 833 71 082 623
2 074 049 58 330 354
62 661 000 * 175 000
65 705 000 * 175 000
64 427 000 * 175 000
45 932 000 * 175 000
29 917 000 * 175 000
17 892 000
16 287 000
12 673 000
11 648 000
8 598 000
787 729
1 454 724
1 495 653
1 711 555
2 065 778
143 335 233 283
132 449 * 250 000
146 057 293 214
132 450 * 641 855
* 132 500 * 650 000
* 20 000 83 146
* 20 000 70 552
* 20 000 54 431
* 20 000 70 760
* 20 000 * 71 000
Production of coal Country Mozambique Bituminous Niger Nigeria Sub-bituminous South Africa Anthracite Bituminous Swaziland Anthracite Tanzania Bituminous Zimbabwe Bituminous Canada Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite Mexico Bituminous USA Anthracite (e) Bituminous (e) Sub-bituminous Lignite Argentina Bituminous Brazil Bituminous & lignite (f) Chile Bituminous Lignite Colombia Bituminous Peru Anthracite & Bituminous Venezuela Bituminous Afghanistan Bituminous Bangladesh (d) Bhutan Burma (g) China India Bituminous (g) Lignite (g) Indonesia Anthracite & Bituminous Iran Bituminous (h) Kazakhstan Bituminous Lignite Korea (Rep. of) Anthracite Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Laos Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Sub-bituminous (i) Pakistan (j)(d)
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
648 220 246 016
4 900 000 235 072
* 5 500 000 241 792
* 8 500 000 255 936
* 8 600 000 221 024
35 570
36 300
44 450
44 450
* 45 000
2 553 635 250 203 209
3 005 136 255 570 657
3 621 283 252 660 850
3 516 573 257 881 954
3 395 505 248 680 484
121 050
152 284
257 090
177 931
141 732
82 856
78 672
84 772
246 128
281 565
2 562 054
1 593 600
3 114 200
5 782 600
* 6 382 000
34 621 000 22 762 000 9 731 000
35 374 000 21 625 000 9 496 000
38 283 000 21 657 000 8 969 000
34 500 000 24 968 000 8 800 000
29 000 000 22 500 000 10 259 000
20 967 630
16 276 556
15 717 587
15 874 413
9 024 197
2 082 940 454 054 000 441 167 731 73 440 875
2 148 000 440 321 000 436 395 960 71 602 574
1 944 097 427 450 027 393 978 539 70 060 970
1 766 289 435 440 500 397 912 999 72 109 393
1 944 000 366 241 366 380 577 606 64 929 000
178 000
* 245 000
* 250 000
* 250 000
* 250 000
5 985 489
6 440 998
8 009 895
7 696 154
6 353 656
131 430 522 672
141 120 570 594
144 313 2 758 131
194 747 3 973 438
157 017 3 004 709
85 803 229
89 024 321
85 496 062
88 577 980
85 547 514
164 392
226 908
211 885
229 213
251 788
2 611 463
1 910 801
1 229 309
800 640
801 697
12 600 666 635 148 244 355 693 3 764 000 000
14 500 861 072 98 731 471 022 3 945 128 000
16 000 854 804 77 743 380 272 3 974 322 000
18 000 942 796 121 891 386 732 3 874 000 000
* 18 000 * 943 000 85 164 419 862 3 684 847 000
539 950 000 42 332 000
556 402 000 46 453 000
565 765 000 44 271 000
609 200 000 48 300 000
639 021 000 44 008 000
353 270 937
385 899 100
474 600 921
458 096 707
461 566 080
2 499 495
2 819 792
2 575 378
2 598 078
* 2 800 000
108 081 000 8 368 000
112 780 000 7 748 000
113 349 000 6 511 000
107 669 100 6 893 500
101 792 500 5 525 700
2 084 474 * 41 000 000 830 700 511 700 2 915 788 32 994 400
2 094 000 41 492 000 1 163 900 510 100 2 951 124 31 139 000
1 814 000 * 42 000 000 1 407 900 508 185 2 907 963 33 341 000
1 748 000 * 41 000 000 1 777 400 131 884 2 667 764 24 449 000
1 764 000 * 41 000 000 1 869 900 * 132 000 2 559 444 23 979 000
13 165 3 291 617
10 904 3 178 986
14 084 2 813 079
8 151 3 340 192
7 399 3 407 659
15
Production of coal Country Philippines Bituminous Tajikistan Thailand Lignite Uzbekistan Bituminous Lignite Vietnam Anthracite Australia Bituminous (k) Brown coal (d) New Zealand Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
6 881 474 236 400
7 348 647 412 000
7 100 033 515 600
7 601 260 878 100
7 377 639 1 041 900
21 324 406
18 652 557
18 110 763
17 991 362
15 150 549
59 874 3 783 867
232 239 3 803 825
56 245 3 972 561
47 173 4 352 672
* 47 000 * 4 350 000
46 611 000
42 083 000
41 064 000
41 086 000
41 518 200
349 624 000 66 733 000
380 734 000 69 124 000
411 313 000 59 854 000
441 519 000 58 001 000
439 586 000 * 58 000 000
2 330 400 2 294 200 320 100
2 276 300 2 324 000 325 900
2 279 300 2 055 700 290 400
1 948 000 1 727 700 316 700
1 399 800 1 665 700 324 100
7 931 000 000
8 201 000 000
8 226 000 000
8 165 000 000
7 860 000 000
Note(s) (1) There is no international agreement as to the separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished. Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term. (2) Where no sub-commodity is shown the figures relate to all ranks of coal. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
16
Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia Excluding production in Kosovo Including anthracite Years ended 30 June of that stated Includes a small amount of refuse recovery Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 15 July of that shown Including lignite Including sub-bituminous
Mine production of cobalt
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Finland Russia (a)
480 2 337
* 1 381 2 186
2 061 2 368
2 104 2 302
2 119 2 040
149 99 475 — 1 518 862 673 5 956 174
195 86 433 718 1 314 1 102 556 5 665 195
248 76 593 2 340 1 353 1 294 181 5 658 319
196 74 712 3 221 1 391 1 332 — 4 317 358
316 83 529 3 920 1 722 1 362 — 2 997 * 380
Canada Cuba USA
6 836 3 853 —
6 676 3 792 —
7 168 3 319 —
6 907 3 210 120
7 489 3 734 760
Brazil
3 623
2 900
3 500
3 838
* 3 800
6 843 * 3 200 * 1 500 —
7 498 * 3 600 2 269 —
8 580 * 4 700 2 126 —
9 619 * 329 4 094 223
* 9 600 * 350 4 140 277
3 725 2 404 —
4 888 2 631 473
6 385 7 414 1 224
5 832 8 239 1 798
6 031 11 210 2 505
144 000
134 000
137 000
134 000
148 000
Botswana Congo, Democratic Republic Madagascar Morocco (a) South Africa (a) Uganda (a) Zambia (a) Zimbabwe
China Indonesia Philippines Vietnam Australia (b) New Caledonia Papua New Guinea World total
Note(s) (1) There is frequently a considerable disparity between the cobalt content of ore raised and cobalt actually recovered. (2) Figures in this table relate where possible to cobalt recovered. The principal exceptions to this are Brazil and New Caledonia, the figures for which relate to cobalt in ore raised. (a) Metal and/or refined (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
17
Production of refined cobalt Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
3 187 10 627 354 3 067 2 337
4 200 10 562 326 2 969 2 186
5 415 10 798 308 3 348 2 368
5 850 12 551 219 3 582 2 302
6 306 9 615 133 3 117 2 040
Congo, Democratic Republic (b) Madagascar Morocco South Africa (c) Uganda Zambia
3 083 — 1 518 862 673 5 956
2 999 493 1 314 1 102 556 5 665
3 000 2 083 1 353 1 294 291 5 658
3 300 2 915 1 391 1 332 — 4 317
3 300 3 464 1 722 1 362 — 2 997
Canada (d)
6 038
5 994
5 602
4 671
5 504
Brazil
1 614
1 750
1 871
1 350
1 300
China (a) India Japan
34 969 1 299 2 007
59 568 800 2 542
36 062 295 2 747
39 292 100 3 654
48 719 150 4 259
Australia
4 722
4 769
4 981
5 419
5 150
82 300
107 800
87 500
92 200
99 100
Belgium (a) Finland France Norway Russia
World total
Note(s) (1) In addition to the production listed above, several countries, including the United Kingdom, are known to produce substantial amounts of cobalt compounds which are not shown here to avoid double counting. (a) (b) (c) (d)
18
Some refined cobalt production in China is recorded in Belgium Excludes white alloy and matte which are believed to be further processed in Belgium and elsewhere Includes metal and metal contained in sulphate Including oxides
Mine production of copper
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria (a) Cyprus Finland Georgia Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey
4 379 33 597 611 114 603 3 660 14 000 10 000 7 555 426 665 79 686 6 355 713 100 26 100 28 68 511 82 967 92 500
5 691 40 908 502 118 255 4 328 25 446 6 800 9 506 427 064 74 043 5 902 * 720 000 32 200 31 97 452 82 422 104 300
5 087 48 891 327 115 149 3 631 38 763 10 000 9 802 428 879 77 236 7 600 725 000 36 200 40 104 600 82 904 120 500
3 503 50 952 784 108 323 3 088 42 790 6 800 8 187 421 285 75 433 8 100 * 740 000 33 739 46 103 900 79 345 122 000
1 610 83 634 969 111 746 2 121 41 085 13 000 8 965 426 196 83 081 4 400 * 740 000 29 827 58 111 700 75 125 108 000
Botswana Congo, Democratic Republic Eritrea Mauritania Morocco Namibia South Africa Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe
31 929 499 198 — 35 281 12 076 3 366 96 600 6 748 663 400 6 555
35 768 619 942 — 37 670 14 750 5 304 88 800 5 840 695 200 6 665
48 500 922 016 21 800 37 970 11 575 4 896 80 821 5 740 759 800 8 285
47 700 1 030 129 88 900 33 079 16 579 5 249 78 697 6 363 707 100 8 261
22 300 1 039 007 61 600 45 001 18 348 13 913 77 360 6 795 719 200 8 220
Canada Dominican Republic Mexico USA
566 779 11 777 443 621 1 112 900
580 082 11 737 500 275 1 166 800
652 595 10 379 480 124 1 250 000
672 729 9 262 515 025 1 360 000
697 104 7 324 540 468 1 380 000
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru
116 700 4 176 213 760 5 262 800 808 1 400 1 235 345
135 700 8 700 223 141 5 433 900 781 1 800 1 298 761
109 600 7 549 270 979 5 776 000 659 2 600 1 375 641
102 600 10 746 301 197 5 749 600 3 991 3 200 1 378 000
61 800 9 480 346 100 5 764 000 5 500 3 200 1 700 814
Burma China India (b) Indonesia Iran Kazakhstan Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Laos Mongolia Oman Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan Vietnam
* 12 000 1 294 700 31 375 538 300 258 900 405 300 * 7 000 — 138 756 124 000 21 166 * 20 000 63 835 1 954 * 80 000 11 888
* 14 000 1 576 800 29 281 398 100 245 500 426 800 * 6 700 — 149 580 123 900 19 684 * 23 900 65 444 2 150 * 80 000 12 716
* 18 000 1 715 150 32 194 509 300 222 900 454 400 * 6 200 — 154 915 189 000 10 906 * 20 700 90 861 * 8 500 * 80 000 12 958
* 29 000 1 776 794 24 867 377 100 216 800 471 700 * 14 400 700 159 696 252 000 13 699 * 18 000 91 824 * 9 000 * 80 000 20 296
* 20 000 1 706 400 32 966 577 400 245 400 473 600 * 15 000 3 100 167 702 314 000 7 828 * 16 000 83 835 * 9 000 * 80 000 22 592
Australia Papua New Guinea
959 474 130 456
920 898 125 348
1 000 999 121 571
965 986 75 901
963 602 45 185
16 100 000
16 800 000
18 300 000
18 500 000
19 200 000
World total
Note(s) (a) Metal content of ore (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
19
Smelter production of copper Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Bulgaria Finland Germany Norway Poland Russia Serbia Spain Sweden Turkey
8 876 283 800 124 360 335 000 36 292 481 875 652 200 26 000 260 730 161 500 * 30 600
10 075 269 100 129 256 352 400 37 891 466 715 646 000 32 200 270 200 151 100 * 35 500
10 771 294 000 135 840 289 900 37 461 458 789 650 000 33 300 212 000 140 400 * 35 800
9 814 305 000 146 542 349 700 35 813 503 111 664 000 30 700 285 400 150 000 * 35 100
11 601 301 600 141 474 338 300 35 477 514 774 661 000 54 000 286 300 150 000 * 35 000
Namibia South Africa Zambia (a) Zimbabwe
34 365 79 400 520 000 4 400
27 767 55 300 519 200 * 5 000
24 354 69 900 520 300 * 5 000
35 042 58 500 525 800 * 5 000
44 504 60 900 648 800 * 5 000
Canada Mexico USA
304 724 231 700 538 400
287 051 260 900 485 300
254 509 220 800 516 500
288 699 258 000 522 000
281 416 256 300 527 000
Brazil Chile Peru
223 500 1 522 300 299 004
170 400 1 342 400 290 088
202 800 1 358 300 412 966
213 085 1 356 200 314 615
157 800 1 496 200 327 909
China India Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Oman Pakistan (b) Philippines Uzbekistan Vietnam
3 036 700 671 200 276 200 185 200 1 173 275 350 100 449 200 * 10 000 7 515 15 672 205 000 * 90 000 * 8 000
3 601 400 695 400 198 400 173 100 1 274 690 341 700 477 300 * 10 000 721 20 201 97 000 * 90 000 * 8 000
4 228 919 617 000 217 700 154 600 1 261 348 325 600 478 800 * 10 000 4 200 15 285 160 000 * 90 000 * 9 700
5 167 900 766 000 236 900 156 500 1 323 500 283 900 500 000 * 10 000 2 300 * 16 000 153 200 * 100 000 * 9 700
5 500 000 792 600 199 700 153 500 1 243 813 384 500 511 200 * 10 000 1 300 * 15 000 190 000 * 100 000 * 11 000
442 190
422 398
445 520
468 468
432 843
13 100 000
13 300 000
13 900 000
15 300 000
15 900 000
Australia World total
Note(s) (1) This table shows primary metal in the form of blister and anode produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified (a) Including leach cathodes (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
20
Production of refined copper
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Finland Germany Italy Macedonia Norway Poland Russia Serbia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine
112 500 394 200 226 100 3 660 124 360 708 800 7 600 — 36 292 571 041 927 100 28 400 353 790 219 316 74 354 23 400
113 600 397 100 226 000 4 328 129 256 682 132 7 700 1 100 37 891 565 834 889 400 34 700 406 600 214 050 59 673 24 000
82 842 389 400 230 100 3 631 135 840 677 600 4 900 1 900 37 461 565 155 875 500 35 800 351 000 206 193 75 000 16 500
83 200 387 300 234 000 3 088 146 542 674 000 7 900 1 700 35 813 576 876 890 800 33 175 418 500 217 337 72 300 15 200
102 900 378 600 230 000 2 121 141 474 678 100 7 300 2 400 35 477 574 310 876 200 44 000 419 900 206 059 84 000 18 500
Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Namibia South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe
354 800 * 4 000 — 86 166 516 400 4 400
453 400 * 4 000 — 66 416 530 200 5 000
642 600 * 4 000 — 75 400 567 800 * 5 000
779 800 * 4 000 — 57 700 499 400 * 5 000
792 800 * 4 000 10 659 59 800 496 900 * 5 000
Canada Mexico USA
273 761 403 100 1 040 000
275 990 376 900 1 001 000
321 511 355 100 1 040 000
325 352 390 400 1 090 000
330 902 434 100 1 140 000
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Peru
* 16 000 1 000 245 300 3 092 400 367 554
* 16 000 904 210 700 2 902 000 311 197
* 16 000 1 271 261 950 2 754 900 361 450
* 14 000 1 789 236 685 2 729 400 347 396
* 14 000 1 830 310 000 2 688 400 353 000
Burma China India (a) Indonesia Iran (b) Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Mongolia Oman Philippines Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam
* 8 000 5 163 100 504 677 274 900 235 000 1 328 288 338 524 595 447 * 15 000 78 859 2 389 7 515 164 100 459 90 000 * 8 000
* 8 000 5 879 100 493 519 197 200 213 000 1 516 354 367 161 591 000 * 15 000 86 295 2 282 721 98 400 486 * 90 000 * 8 000
* 10 000 6 667 096 644 193 214 300 188 000 1 468 123 350 837 604 000 * 15 000 90 030 2 598 4 200 153 000 203 * 90 000 * 9 700
* 20 000 7 649 050 762 176 231 800 189 000 1 554 224 294 808 604 000 * 15 000 88 541 6 300 2 300 * 130 000 229 * 100 000 * 9 700
* 15 000 7 964 000 790 373 198 400 193 000 1 483 131 394 641 644 603 * 15 000 89 253 12 400 1 300 * 150 000 * 230 * 100 000 * 11 000
476 775
460 390
480 775
511 252
439 586
19 500 000
20 000 000
21 100 000
22 400 000
22 900 000
Australia World total
Note(s) (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary materials by remelting alone is excluded. (2) In addition to the countries listed, Albania and Colombia produce refined copper. (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated (b) Years ended 20 March following that stated
21
Production of diamond Country
Carats 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia
35 139 800
34 927 650
37 884 140
38 303 500
41 912 390
Angola Botswana Cameroon (a) Central African Republic Congo Congo, Democratic Republic Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Lesotho Liberia Namibia Sierra Leone South Africa Tanzania Togo Zimbabwe
8 328 519 22 903 000 * 6 000 323 576 76 548 19 249 057 283 369 235 400 — 224 180 39 866 1 344 932 355 890 7 046 644 40 691 71 8 502 648
8 330 096 20 478 000 * 5 000 365 917 51 588 19 154 000 215 118 266 800 — 478 926 34 271 1 667 000 532 560 7 245 403 127 174 456 12 060 163
8 598 695 22 597 000 * 5 000 (b) ... 56 495 16 653 000 159 074 202 365 — 414 013 47 819 1 776 290 604 740 8 168 113 179 633 24 10 411 818
8 791 340 24 658 000 * 6 000 (b) ... 53 163 14 689 000 241 235 164 059 1 074 346 017 74 882 1 897 872 594 422 8 060 373 252 875 23 4 771 637
9 016 343 20 824 000 * 5 000 (b) ... 40 057 14 284 000 174 364 162 110 14 925 304 232 65 996 1 988 126 500 050 8 232 627 216 482 46 3 490 881
Canada
10 795 000
10 529 215
10 561 600
12 082 000
11 600 000
Brazil Guyana
45 536 52 273
46 292 40 763
49 166 63 961
56 923 99 950
31 826 118 451
China India (c)
* 201 18 490
* 1 855 31 988
* 1 050 37 515
*— 36 107
*— 36 070
Australia
7 561 487
8 625 996
11 481 749
9 288 118
13 560 795
122 600 000
125 200 000
130 000 000
124 500 000
126 600 000
World total
Note(s) (1) This table does not show production of synthetic diamond. (2) So far as possible the amounts shown include estimates for illegal production. (3) Production of diamond from Ivory Coast was under United Nations sanctions from 2004 to 2013. It is believed illegal production continued during this period but it is not possible to estimate the quantity involved. (a) Including artisanal production (b) Currently under temporary suspension by the Kimberley Process and not trading in rough diamonds; however it is unclear whether production has actually stopped (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated
22
Production of diatomite Country Armenia Czech Republic Denmark Moler (a) France Germany Hungary Poland Russia Spain (b) Turkey Algeria Ethiopia (c) Kenya Mozambique Costa Rica Mexico USA (d) Argentina Brazil Chile Peru China Iran (e) Japan Korea (Rep. of) Saudi Arabia Thailand Vietnam Australia (f) New Zealand World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
29 232 46 000
29 148 43 000
19 376 49 000
20 439 34 000
* 20 000 15 000
126 000 * 75 000 52 698 1 309 580 33 000 83 624 45 187
111 000 * 85 000 50 036 1 229 600 * 70 000 60 777 86 403
128 125 * 85 000 51 435 456 600 * 70 000 53 713 84 751
118 750 * 90 000 54 277 550 590 72 000 59 619 61 884
127 500 * 90 000 52 784 1 092 600 * 70 000 62 000 86 656
2 000 * 4 000 713 —
2 000 * 5 000 1 731 541
2 124 * 5 000 1 054 675
2 415 * 5 000 1 195 * 680
* 2 500 * 5 000 1 090 * 690
8 700 84 231 813 000
— 84 537 735 000
8 813 87 463 782 000
5 024 87 849 901 000
* 5 000 88 095 832 000
60 651 4 415 22 938 54 163
278 126 3 427 23 021 93 786
209 000 1 947 27 092 124 917
* 200 000 5 080 31 000 151 398
* 200 000 * 5 000 26 186 120 672
* 440 000 ... * 100 000 5 150 * 1 000 38 130 * 10 000
* 420 000 1 956 * 100 000 6 000 * 1 000 8 500 * 10 000
* 420 000 4 167 * 90 000 34 000 * 1 000 — * 10 000
* 420 000 — * 90 000 65 893 * 1 000 — * 10 000
* 420 000 *— * 100 000 15 310 * 1 000 — * 10 000
* 12 000 —
* 12 000 —
* 21 000 4
* 13 000 43 624
* 16 000 ...
2 154 000
2 324 000
2 373 000
2 546 000
2 374 000
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Georgia may produce diatomite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay Including Tripoli Years ended 7 July of that stated Sold or used by producers Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated
23
Production of feldspar Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
407 000 26 292 * 600 000 350 000 10 560 * 4 700 000 25 032 25 271 538 800 187 159 3 814 * 160 000 23 586 — 662 418 30 000 7 076 068 178 614
445 000 43 124 * 600 000 350 000 13 000 * 4 700 000 17 168 — 487 200 167 287 4 112 * 160 000 19 927 — 530 238 27 000 9 479 699 146 286
411 000 47 636 * 550 000 * 350 000 — * 4 700 000 15 168 — 483 000 138 715 7 060 * 160 000 * 20 000 5 000 592 908 30 000 7 090 677 133 933
422 000 46 233 * 550 000 320 000 — * 4 700 000 18 076 154 519 896 136 440 7 570 * 160 000 * 20 000 6 000 533 328 27 000 7 609 692 (b) 94 506
433 000 38 026 * 550 000 317 352 — * 4 700 000 20 289 76 539 875 178 622 13 244 * 160 000 * 20 000 4 000 * 550 000 29 000 7 960 844 (b) 44 460
Algeria Egypt Ethiopia (c) Morocco Nigeria South Africa Sudan
132 000 210 000 441 43 889 * 1 700 101 559 9 519
162 000 * 400 000 * 500 * 45 000 * 1 700 94 458 26 283
258 700 * 400 000 * 530 * 45 000 * 1 700 191 443 31 700
230 372 * 200 000 * 510 * 45 000 * 1 700 102 541 50 680
* 230 000 * 300 000 * 510 * 45 000 * 1 700 126 542 * 55 000
Cuba Guatemala Mexico USA
3 100 7 516 382 497 580 000
3 800 19 356 380 441 560 000
3 200 19 611 164 484 550 000
3 600 10 410 150 726 530 000
3 300 10 340 154 174 * 510 000
Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Uruguay Venezuela
216 721 333 352 7 563 * 85 000 130 498 11 645 — 76 726
273 896 247 152 6 399 * 60 000 152 590 26 359 — 85 115
* 230 000 294 357 3 874 46 195 210 142 22 695 4 91 054
* 200 000 717 771 4 233 * 30 000 183 259 18 019 300 93 934
* 200 000 * 700 000 6 577 12 234 247 253 16 979 200 75 527
* 2 100 000 835 526 * 18 000 576 643 104 109 384 221 379 629 23 254 22 050 44 000 53 337 50 1 041 152 * 4 300 * 200 000
* 2 100 000 1 459 008 * 19 000 1 154 998 * 100 000 360 413 482 906 53 235 24 969 227 000 87 318 40 1 100 619 * 4 300 * 200 000
* 2 500 000 1 512 982 * 18 000 1 044 791 * 100 000 343 241 314 399 38 218 30 388 160 000 96 043 15 1 072 656 * 4 300 * 200 000
* 2 500 000 1 343 366 * 18 000 1 055 368 * 100 000 528 958 376 646 92 672 34 232 168 000 * 96 000 5 1 413 428 * 4 300 * 200 000
* 2 500 000 * 1 300 000 * 18 000 * 1 000 000 * 100 000 601 030 442 980 38 568 * 34 200 176 000 * 96 000 1 1 329 816 * 4 300 * 200 000
* 94 000
* 108 000
* 73 000
* 55 000
* 55 000
23 219 000
27 217 000
24 808 000
25 730 000
26 150 000
Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Italy Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal (a) Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine
China India (d) Indonesia Iran (e) Japan (f) Korea (Rep. of) Malaysia Pakistan (g) Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia (g) World total See notes on the following page
24
Production of feldspar Note(s) (a) Includes feldspathic sand (b) Figures do not include production from Crimea or Sevastopol (c) Years ended 6 July of that stated (d) Years ended 31 March following that stated (e) Years ended 20 March following that stated (f) Including weathered granite feldspar (g) Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of fluorspar Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
31 800 65 619 120 000 117 063 4 524 —
69 700 54 202 130 000 113 570 5 197 —
82 500 48 744 56 200 128 512 3 874 16 000
130 800 58 100 8 200 135 293 4 271 25 000
146 500 49 801 * 8 200 135 000 6 238 17 000
Egypt (a) Kenya Morocco Namibia South Africa
— 95 100 79 207 94 032 * 240 000
* 7 665 91 000 79 300 90 834 * 225 000
850 71 987 81 200 * 63 470 * 175 000
— 97 156 79 840 28 954 * 285 000
— 70 096 80 890 — * 200 000
Mexico
1 206 907
1 237 091
1 210 477
1 109 721
1 095 928
25 099 25 040
35 874 24 148
* 23 000 27 712
* 23 000 23 849
* 23 000 * 25 000
China India (c) Iran (d) Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Pakistan (a) Thailand Vietnam
6 550 000 5 010 55 976 * 66 000 * 4 000 404 000 3 156 5 093 * 4 000
4 200 000 3 092 60 000 * 66 000 * 4 000 428 900 6 866 9 602 * 4 000
* 4 000 000 2 487 56 298 * 110 000 * 4 000 337 800 13 344 2 432 * 4 000
* 3 800 000 2 946 54 370 * 100 000 * 4 000 * 338 000 7 500 4 590 90 940
* 3 800 000 2 333 * 60 000 * 100 000 * 4 000 * 338 000 * 7 500 15 095 193 164
World total
9 200 000
6 900 000
6 500 000
6 400 000
6 400 000
Bulgaria Germany Russia Spain Turkey United Kingdom
Argentina Brazil (b)
Note(s) (2) In addition, the USA produced the following amounts of fluorspar equivalent in fluorosilicic acid derived from processing phosphate rock ('000 t): 2011: 124; 2012: 130; 2013: 134; 2014: 131; 2015: 114. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Years ended 30 June of that stated Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated
25
Production of primary gallium Accurate data for gallium is difficult to obtain because it is produced only as a by-product of bauxite or zinc processing using proprietary techniques and the majority of producers do not report production figures. The leading producing countries are believed to be China, Russia, Germany and Ukraine, with smaller quantities produced in the Republic of Korea, Hungary and Japan. The following table provides the currently available information but this is incomplete. The United States Geological Survey estimates total world primary production as: 2011, 292 tonnes; 2012, 273 tonnes; 2013, 390 tonnes; 2014, 440 tonnes and 2015, 435 tonnes. Lower grade production is often subsequently refined to higher grade material which complicates the collection of production data as double counting is a significant risk. High-purity gallium is believed to be produced in China, Japan, United Kingdom, U.S.A. and possibly Slovakia. There is also believed to be significant production of refined gallium from scrap recycling, particularly in Canada, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and USA. tonnes (metric) Country Germany Russia China Japan Kazakhstan
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
... * 13
... * 13
38 * 13
16 * 13
11 * 13
* 200 5 19
* 270 8 16
* 300 8 *—
* 400 8 *—
* 400 5 *—
Production of germanium metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Finland Russia
12 *5
16 *5
17 *5
17 *5
13 *5
3
*3
*3
*3
*3
* 100 *2
* 100 *2
* 110 *2
* 110 *2
* 120 *2
USA (a) China Japan
Note(s) (1) Germanium is also believed to be recovered from imported or domestic material in Belgium, Canada, Russia and Ukraine. (a) Including production of secondary metal
26
Mine production of gold In addition to ‘industrial scale’ gold mines around the world, a significant quantity of gold is mined by small scale or artisanal producers, both on a legal and illegal basis. In some countries the quantities involved with artisanal mining can be relatively large. The compilation of reliable data for the quantity produced by artisanal mining in each country is difficult, particularly where the actions are illegal. Artisanal mining can be seasonal, temporary and highly variable, on both geographical and temporal scales. Where possible, the table attempts to include estimates for artisanal mining of gold in order that the calculated World totals are as complete as possible. However, the difficulties noted above mean that these totals cannot be completely accurate and they are consequently rounded to a greater degree than the individual country figures may suggest is appropriate. This is an attempt to convey the level of uncertainty associated with these total figures. For clarity, additional comments on specific countries are shown below (there may be other countries where artisanal mining also occurs; these comments are not intended to be exhaustive):Burkina Faso – official Chamber of Mines figures include 302 kg for artisanal mining in 2015; 208 kg in 2014; and 476 kg in 2013. It is believed the actual artisanal production may be higher. Cameroon – all gold mining is currently small scale or artisanal. A nominal estimate is shown in the table but it could be much higher. Democratic Republic of Congo – artisanal mining is quite extensive, the figures shown include estimates for artisanal mining ranging from 10 000 to 17 000 kg per year. Ghana – gold produced by artisanal mining is purchased by a state-owned marketing organisation and consequently official reported figures include this artisanal mining. It is believed that the artisanal component of these figures could be as high as 20 000 to 30 000 kg per year. Guinea – the figures currently shown in the table are for industrial mines only. Artisanal mining does occur and is likely to be in the range of 100 to 1000 kg per year. Ivory Coast – the figures currently shown in the table are for industrial mines only. Artisanal mining does occur but the scale is unknown. Madagascar – estimates of artisanal mining are in the order of 3000 to 4000 kg per year. Mali – the figures include an estimate of 5000 kg per year for artisanal mining, but it is likely the real figure varies from year to year. Togo – the reported figures are exports of gold which is transiting through the country. It is believed the majority of this originates in Burkina Faso from artisanal mining but it is not recorded within the production figures for that country. Consequently it is recorded here for completeness. Some artisanal mining is also believed to occur in Togo. Burma – these figures include an estimate of between 200 and 300 kg per year for artisanal mining. kilograms Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Finland Georgia Greece Greenland Poland Romania Russia Serbia (a) Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom
2 125 1 775 5 302 6 674 * 3 100 — 103 400 * 500 188 748 1 534 398 529 5 994 24 000 202
1 941 1 562 7 058 9 100 * 3 100 26 307 469 * 500 200 345 1 400 546 1 529 6 015 29 390 102
2 324 1 621 7 385 8 660 * 4 300 823 25 431 * 500 229 982 1 154 533 1 994 6 530 33 980 42
2 814 1 875 7 899 8 085 * 2 300 552 — 226 * 500 249 065 1 310 582 1 958 6 849 31 260 —
3 640 2 240 7 914 8 342 * 3 100 510 — 431 * 500 255 783 * 1 200 603 2 128 6 028 27 800 —
Algeria Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia (b) Gabon Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Madagascar (c) Mali Mauritania Morocco (a)
340 1 562 32 189 1 052 * 600 * 10 000 6 305 11 788 10 322 * 300 90 959 15 779 11 009 1 636 449 * 3 001 * 41 100 8 198 520
264 1 522 29 877 2 147 * 600 * 17 000 8 175 9 735 12 581 684 89 768 16 153 11 054 3 600 641 * 3 157 * 46 800 7 647 532
140 1 206 32 994 2 823 * 600 * 20 000 11 102 2 862 13 050 1 201 189 813 18 139 12 713 2 100 587 * 3 000 * 46 000 9 518 463
85 958 36 320 650 * 600 * 36 000 11 734 840 10 340 2 024 139 081 15 660 17 318 36 620 * 3 000 * 45 400 9 625 377
* 80 757 36 540 549 * 600 * 43 000 13 657 753 9 370 1 301 112 711 21 457 20 245 71 482 * 3 500 * 46 500 8 804 448
27
Mine production of gold Country
kilograms 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo (d) Zambia (e) Zimbabwe
111 2 112 1 957 * 3 700 — 4 089 164 180 184 46 100 37 085 16 469 3 493 12 949
178 2 402 1 677 * 4 000 — 6 666 141 154 180 44 500 39 012 18 551 4 232 14 743
180 2 036 1 041 4 200 — 6 445 96 159 724 70 000 43 390 21 086 5 207 14 001
197 2 377 732 * 4 000 319 6 588 43 151 622 73 300 40 598 20 583 4 803 15 386
242 6 105 1 209 * 4 000 336 5 670 87 144 515 82 400 45 777 15 568 4 238 * 14 100
Canada Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama USA
102 624 * 500 495 11 898 1 893 88 649 6 395 2 057 233 925
107 486 — 4 106 6 473 1 859 102 802 6 981 2 208 234 623
133 636 * 2 000 26 084 6 386 1 985 119 774 8 612 1 120 228 234
152 460 * 1 500 35 081 6 142 2 762 117 771 8 648 — 210 076
159 040 * 950 30 838 5 610 2 598 124 581 8 522 — 212 304
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador French Guiana Guyana Peru Suriname Uruguay (f) Venezuela
59 140 6 513 65 200 45 137 55 908 4 924 * 1 300 11 293 166 168 12 605 1 702 4 608
54 651 27 488 66 773 49 936 66 178 5 139 * 1 000 13 643 161 545 12 507 1 881 1 982
52 486 18 127 79 563 51 309 55 745 8 676 * 2 000 14 963 151 486 11 001 2 092 1 679
71 770 24 803 81 038 46 031 57 015 7 322 * 2 000 12 053 140 090 10 641 1 715 1 056
71 235 12 810 * 80 000 42 501 59 202 7 161 1 265 14 024 145 035 9 396 1 480 558
Burma China (a) India (g) Indonesia Iran (h) Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Kyrgyzstan Laos Malaysia Mongolia Philippines Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam
* 100 360 960 2 194 77 722 915 8 692 36 670 209 18 900 3 984 4 219 5 703 31 120 4 611 2 240 5 568 * 91 000 1 333
787 403 050 1 588 69 291 1 179 7 232 40 006 336 10 600 6 415 4 625 5 995 15 762 4 285 2 400 4 895 * 90 000 1 508
893 428 163 1 564 59 804 1 656 7 411 42 552 413 19 400 6 838 3 823 8 904 17 248 4 158 2 670 4 419 * 90 000 1 681
* 900 451 799 1 441 69 023 1 760 7 114 50 339 284 18 000 5 265 4 308 19 959 18 423 4 789 3 436 4 576 * 102 000 164
* 1 200 450 053 1 323 92 171 * 2 000 7 699 63 614 258 17 600 6 893 4 732 20 828 20 643 5 089 * 4 400 3 305 * 102 000 * 160
Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands
259 052 1 572 11 738 62 271 1 588
251 654 1 439 10 049 55 839 2 109
268 262 1 218 12 468 56 035 1 826
274 047 1 196 11 989 57 939 603
277 942 1 290 12 687 60 046 —
2 670 000
2 740 000
3 010 000
3 070 000
3 110 000
World total See notes on the following page
28
Mine production of gold Note(s) (1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in small operations are not recorded in the official statistics used when compiling this table. (2) In addition to the countries listed, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Uganda and Taiwan produce less than 100 kg gold per year. (3) In addition to the countries listed, Cambodia, El Salvador, Haiti, Macedonia, Malawi, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, and South Sudan may produce gold. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
Metal production Years ended 7 July of that stated Includes an estimate for artisanal mining Exports Contained in blister copper, refinery muds and electrolytic copper Year ended 30 November of the year stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated
Production of graphite Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
27 450 — 7 789 * 14 000 — 5 250 600
18 840 109 6 992 * 14 000 — 31 500 4 600
17 190 269 6 207 * 14 000 — 28 740 6 900
23 240 517 8 266 * 14 000 — * 28 500 13 800
21 840 398 9 185 * 14 000 113 * 32 000 14 500
3 951 7 252
3 500 7 022
6 100 6 934
5 700 6 853
8 000 * 7 000
Canada Mexico
* 20 000 7 348
* 20 000 7 520
* 20 000 7 024
* 30 000 9 160
* 30 000 8 071
Brazil (d)
105 188
88 110
91 908
87 026
75 100
* 1 800 000 153 339 * 10 000 1 268 3 357
* 1 800 000 134 735 * 10 000 912 4 173
* 1 800 000 146 390 * 10 000 6 188 3 143
* 1 800 000 116 712 * 10 000 14 279 * 3 100
* 1 800 000 134 568 * 10 000 2 864 * 3 100
2 200 000
2 200 000
2 200 000
2 200 000
2 200 000
Austria (a)(b) Germany Norway Russia Sweden Turkey Ukraine Madagascar (c) Zimbabwe
China (e) India (a)(f) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Pakistan (g) Sri Lanka World total
Note(s) (1) This table includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but excludes synthetic material (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
Crude Sold for Graphite Exports Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Including flake graphite Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated
29
Production of Gypsum Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
93 248 34 000 815 438 107 328 71 870 114 800 231 008 335 000 11 000 2 452 204 2 021 000 590 000 3 000 * 300 000 3 642 897 215 950 162 984 * 400 000 88 953 1 418 300 337 272 834 009 * 3 000 000 88 000 7 825 747 300 000 5 723 439 2 293 800 * 1 200 000
91 021 30 400 791 961 149 983 73 365 113 700 182 557 327 800 14 000 2 314 788 1 949 000 621 000 — * 200 000 3 200 920 252 714 157 844 375 900 85 296 1 395 400 321 988 765 251 * 3 100 000 88 000 6 359 923 297 000 8 248 446 2 185 800 * 1 200 000
126 349 28 700 635 299 169 028 73 300 119 100 114 450 315 000 11 000 2 078 984 1 778 000 760 000 — * 200 000 3 192 186 272 340 162 661 * 400 000 77 009 1 270 100 299 038 736 099 * 5 100 000 60 000 7 388 699 284 000 9 790 097 2 175 400 * 1 200 000
108 733 22 300 729 892 145 457 67 700 87 800 120 055 347 600 11 000 1 907 768 4 090 000 664 000 — * 300 000 5 886 653 270 120 156 492 * 400 000 79 740 1 231 858 328 730 815 586 * 5 300 000 65 000 6 925 120 257 000 9 051 158 1 525 300 * 1 200 000
86 163 19 400 715 195 130 284 58 800 108 600 138 088 471 885 11 000 1 807 978 4 200 000 661 000 — * 250 000 420 806 * 270 000 172 525 * 400 000 77 403 1 099 081 309 966 888 746 * 4 500 000 67 000 7 100 000 * 165 000 8 638 715 1 254 900 * 1 200 000
Algeria Angola Egypt (a) Eritrea Ethiopia (a)(d) Kenya (a) Libya Madagascar Mauritania Morocco Niger Nigeria South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia
1 800 000 200 000 966 250 * 1 000 46 000 6 520 * 125 000 * 130 72 153 * 600 000 6 058 * 320 000 476 118 31 000 38 659 534 000
2 000 000 121 981 457 602 * 1 000 46 000 6 653 * 150 000 * 130 * 75 000 * 600 000 600 * 350 000 558 242 117 073 91 610 776 000
2 077 700 189 242 940 615 * 1 000 42 452 5 500 * 200 000 * 130 * 75 000 * 600 000 1 755 * 350 000 559 443 132 000 171 567 632 000
2 130 459 * 190 000 872 141 * 1 000 * 43 000 12 400 * 200 000 * 130 * 75 000 * 600 000 — * 350 000 376 223 111 271 200 179 * 630 000
* 2 000 000 * 190 000 * 850 000 * 1 000 * 43 000 5 800 * 20 000 * 130 * 75 000 * 600 000 253 * 350 000 232 878 * 110 000 235 920 * 630 000
Canada (a) Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua USA
2 555 000 131 400 61 161 77 009 * 5 500 79 521 6 463 861 29 710 9 770 000
2 550 000 131 000 185 890 99 628 * 5 500 64 753 9 456 478 34 890 14 800 000
2 654 000 87 100 144 178 117 619 * 5 500 48 322 7 903 159 36 500 12 900 000
1 811 000 97 800 243 098 81 885 * 10 000 45 201 7 043 563 46 570 11 000 000
1 633 000 90 900 243 992 111 351 * 10 000 42 883 * 7 100 000 37 100 * 11 500 000
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru
1 469 447 600 3 228 931 917 759 * 200 000 * 4 500 479 950
1 432 517 645 3 749 860 799 064 * 200 000 * 4 500 390 705
* 1 450 000 1 223 3 332 991 1 015 158 * 200 000 * 4 500 297 527
* 1 500 000 * 1 000 3 447 012 843 490 395 651 * 4 500 543 856
* 1 500 000 650 * 3 500 000 860 075 445 855 * 4 500 438 025
1 000 352 234 77 413
2 000 313 173 38 579
2 500 351 420 60 510
3 000 414 148 104 994
* 3 000 389 365 99 860
Albania Armenia Austria (a) Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina (a) Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic France (a) Germany (a) Greece (a) Hungary (a) Ireland, Republic of Italy (a) Latvia (a) Macedonia (a) Moldova (b) Norway (a)(c) Poland (a) Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia (a) Spain Switzerland Turkey Ukraine (a) United Kingdom
Afghanistan Bhutan Burma (e)
30
Production of Gypsum Country China India (e)(f) Indonesia Iran (g) Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Laos Mongolia Oman Pakistan (h) Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Gypsum Anhydrite Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen, Republic of Australia (h) World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 127 000 000 3 991 853 * 7 500 14 657 191 11 350 170 20 437 4 770 000 254 860 * 700 000 686 100 * 60 000 1 254 100 885 368 2 239 000 542 * 405 000 11 300
* 128 000 000 3 564 300 * 8 000 14 178 577 9 424 214 45 407 5 002 000 275 000 * 700 000 619 300 * 60 000 1 915 300 1 260 021 1 700 000 * 600 * 200 000 13 700
* 129 000 000 3 115 894 * 7 000 17 354 489 10 461 708 27 200 4 771 000 * 275 000 * 700 000 772 138 * 60 000 2 785 000 1 249 967 1 700 000 * 600 * 100 000 12 200
* 130 000 000 2 478 056 * 7 000 14 869 796 * 10 462 000 82 000 4 674 000 * 275 000 * 700 000 584 338 * 60 000 3 387 300 1 326 437 1 780 000 * 600 * 50 000 12 900
* 132 000 000 * 2 500 000 * 7 000 * 22 000 000 * 10 460 000 159 299 * 5 000 000 * 275 000 * 700 000 * 584 000 * 60 000 6 180 800 1 417 007 1 860 000 * 600 * 25 000 8 500
10 994 074 614 148 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000
11 447 199 857 172 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000
12 382 648 1 264 077 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000
12 445 100 976 818 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000
11 267 144 876 024 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000
3 401 300
3 834 900
3 588 885
3 624 174
* 4 065 000
249 300 000
257 800 000
265 200 000
263 500 000
268 200 000
Note(s) (1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded from the table. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
Including anhydrite Excluding output from the region east of the River Nistru and the Municipality of Bender Sales Years ended 7 July of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Including selenite Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated
31
Refinery production of indium Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Belgium France Germany Italy Netherlands Russia
* 30 — * 10 *5 *5 6
* 30 13 * 10 *5 *5 7
* 30 33 * 10 *5 *5 7
* 30 43 * 10 *5 *5 *7
* 30 41 * 10 *5 *5 *7
Canada
* 77
* 65
* 70
* 67
* 65
*5 *2
*5 * 11
*5 11
*5 14
*5 * 15
* 380 70 * 100
* 405 70 * 100
* 415 70 * 100
* 460 70 * 100
* 370 70 * 100
Brazil Peru China Japan Korea (Rep. of)
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Kazakhstan is believed to produce small quantities of indium.
Production of iodine
kilograms
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
200 000 * 105 000
240 400 * 105 000
249 100 * 105 000
221 100 * 105 000
210 376 * 105 000
USA
* 1 270 000
* 1 270 000
* 1 270 000
* 1 270 000
* 1 350 000
Chile
16 000 000
17 494 000
20 656 000
18 989 000
21 179 000
* 590 000 * 61 000 * 300 000 9 277 000 * 470 000 * 2 000
* 600 000 * 44 000 * 300 000 9 315 000 * 480 000 * 2 000
* 600 000 * 43 000 * 300 000 * 9 500 000 * 500 000 * 2 000
* 600 000 * 56 000 * 300 000 9 814 000 * 500 000 * 2 000
* 600 000 * 45 000 * 300 000 10 610 000 * 510 000 * 2 000
28 300 000
29 900 000
33 200 000
31 900 000
34 900 000
Azerbaijan Russia
China Indonesia Iran (a) Japan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan World total
Note(s) (a) Years ended 20 March following that stated
Production of iron ore Country Austria (a) Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina Germany (b)(c) Norway Russia Sweden
32
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2 206 910 214 300 1 891 000 489 091 6 723 426 104 000 000 30 840 000
2 142 255 207 300 2 075 732 447 515 7 744 487 104 000 000 32 198 000
2 323 323 141 400 2 121 908 413 404 9 549 232 102 100 000 37 411 000
2 436 675 91 400 2 127 564 461 082 10 542 149 102 100 000 35 759 000
2 783 327 127 600 2 122 802 496 079 * 11 000 000 101 000 000 29 861 000
Production of iron ore
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Turkey Ukraine
6 450 480 80 900 000
4 969 901 67 149 000
8 589 362 70 389 000
11 887 154 68 337 000
7 760 957 66 902 000
Algeria Egypt (d) Liberia Mali Mauritania Morocco Nigeria Sierra Leone South Africa (e) Sudan Swaziland Tunisia Uganda
1 700 000 3 320 878 386 968 * 100 000 11 176 000 78 926 * 70 000 339 330 58 056 897 48 163 79 553 171 200 2 134
1 700 000 3 930 002 2 369 850 * 160 000 11 169 800 260 700 * 70 000 5 203 490 67 100 474 96 400 1 032 230 223 100 4 431
1 066 700 1 421 772 4 948 095 * 100 000 12 532 200 301 100 * 50 000 11 894 580 71 543 088 339 390 1 258 560 243 100 2 282
911 135 1 699 133 5 189 723 * 100 000 13 305 800 22 910 * 50 000 17 497 553 80 759 334 * 40 000 603 251 307 600 * 4 200
576 000 * 1 700 000 5 748 520 *— 11 607 000 17 860 * 50 000 * 7 000 000 73 220 891 * 40 000 — 300 000 9 000
Canada (f) Guatemala Mexico USA (f)(g)
33 573 000 1 160 19 403 000 54 700 000
39 427 100 1 000 22 600 000 54 000 000
42 769 700 778 28 545 000 53 000 000
44 196 000 — 25 193 818 55 900 000
45 954 000 — 21 428 359 * 42 500 000
Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador (h) Peru Venezuela
— 460 400 000 12 624 600 174 459 27 060 8 623 000 16 347 621
— 400 600 000 17 330 000 391 503 7 631 8 221 983 15 403 095
— 316 800 000 17 108 000 710 047 2 616 7 014 000 11 198 077
— 345 800 000 18 865 800 676 180 408 7 193 000 11 258 577
24 453 389 146 000 15 449 000 901 736 — 7 320 807 11 715 475
— 1 326 942 000 168 582 000 11 814 544 38 260 000 26 639 51 742 000 541 539 * 5 300 000 8 077 879 5 678 300 329 100 292 608 489 359 2 371 300
3 742 1 309 637 000 136 618 000 11 545 752 32 138 000 — 52 614 000 592 743 * 5 100 000 12 143 985 7 561 400 384 893 216 176 303 233 1 506 200
20 506 1 451 011 000 152 183 000 22 353 337 57 225 896 — 51 758 500 663 045 * 3 444 000 12 134 258 6 011 200 412 108 826 745 389 620 2 495 300
18 997 1 514 240 000 129 321 000 5 951 400 69 279 071 *— 51 540 800 693 262 * 3 212 000 9 615 323 10 260 500 197 074 153 775 347 918 2 719 000
43 202 1 381 288 000 155 910 000 * 6 000 000 * 58 000 000 *— 37 269 700 445 318 * 1 800 000 1 534 553 6 173 400 328 702 107 119 16 483 2 237 800
477 330 291 2 357 440
519 858 812 2 394 848
615 523 352 3 156 619
750 519 855 3 245 369
816 781 763 3 193 722
3 015 000 000
2 965 000 000
3 195 000 000
3 415 000 000
3 328 000 000
Bhutan China India (i) Indonesia Iran (j) Iraq Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Malaysia (j) Mongolia Pakistan (d) Philippines Thailand Vietnam Australia New Zealand World total
Note(s) (a) Including micaceous iron oxide (b) Including manganiferous iron ore (c) Used as aggregate in the construction industry (d) Years ended 30 June of that stated (e) Including by-product magnetite (f) Including by-product iron ore (g) Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore (h) Including iron sand (i) Years ended 31 March following that stated (j) Years ended 20 March following that stated
33
Production of pig iron Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
5 815 000 4 700 000 684 734 4 137 000 2 600 000 9 697 535 27 943 000 1 315 000 9 824 000 5 943 000 101 000 3 974 930 1 593 000 48 200 000 1 197 693 3 346 000 3 540 000 3 240 000 14 877 155 28 878 000 6 625 000
5 751 000 4 073 000 749 539 3 935 207 2 461 000 9 531 844 27 046 000 1 229 000 9 424 000 5 909 000 100 000 3 943 968 1 467 000 50 500 000 318 651 3 519 755 3 081 000 2 805 000 18 289 109 28 487 000 7 183 100
6 200 000 4 343 000 759 100 4 040 000 2 100 000 10 276 499 26 678 000 600 000 6 933 000 5 700 000 106 000 4 013 877 1 604 000 50 000 000 366 277 3 617 000 3 949 000 2 896 000 19 548 094 29 088 700 9 470 600
6 015 000 4 335 000 860 430 4 152 000 2 500 000 10 865 646 27 943 000 801 000 6 371 000 5 868 000 102 000 4 639 571 1 631 000 51 400 000 550 000 3 838 000 3 958 000 3 078 000 * 20 000 000 24 800 900 9 704 600
5 805 000 4 248 000 845 462 4 031 129 2 600 000 10 097 177 27 844 000 1 247 000 5 051 000 6 050 000 * 100 000 4 826 492 1 800 000 53 700 000 904 000 3 738 486 4 450 000 3 000 000 * 20 000 000 21 863 000 8 773 500
360 000 3 532 000 165 000 6 018 000
350 000 3 618 000 508 000 6 092 000
300 000 3 400 000 1 000 000 6 404 000
300 000 2 882 000 1 302 000 6 040 000
* 300 000 2 451 000 449 000 6 939 000
Canada Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA
8 025 000 10 462 912 1 705 600 30 233 000
8 496 000 10 197 841 1 684 300 32 062 000
7 300 000 11 011 092 1 749 700 30 381 000
8 210 000 11 092 595 1 633 000 29 345 000
7 353 000 10 555 000 901 100 * 26 000 000
Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Venezuela
4 470 900 33 416 000 1 130 000 295 000 42 000 94 000 4 470 000
3 683 000 32 448 000 1 068 000 345 000 67 000 98 000 4 594 000
4 115 390 31 552 000 869 000 264 000 69 000 91 000 2 600 000
4 428 300 * 32 000 000 584 000 234 000 71 000 88 000 1 415 000
3 937 500 * 33 000 000 643 000 264 000 71 000 72 000 1 393 000
640 508 800 65 594 000 1 228 000 12 670 000 81 028 352 3 141 000 42 212 717 * 250 000 2 877 000 * 358 000 2 212 999 5 153 000 12 940 000 * 600 000
663 544 000 68 037 000 524 000 13 725 000 81 405 470 2 707 000 41 718 000 * 250 000 2 329 000 * 198 000 2 424 000 4 976 000 11 784 000 * 650 000
711 498 800 68 252 000 757 000 16 465 000 83 849 049 2 622 745 41 045 000 * 250 000 1 399 000 * 165 000 2 385 493 5 300 000 13 300 000 * 650 000
713 747 800 75 532 000 155 000 17 333 000 83 872 490 3 184 780 46 909 000 * 250 000 1 007 000 * 142 000 2 547 000 5 508 000 14 505 000 * 1 393 000
691 415 000 74 621 000 * 200 000 17 005 000 81 010 826 3 233 671 47 639 000 * 250 000 * 1 000 000 * 142 000 2 631 000 5 391 000 14 370 000 * 1 393 000
5 296 000 659 000
3 480 000 670 000
3 342 000 700 000
3 282 000 680 000
3 594 000 678 000
1 169 000 000
1 194 000 000
1 245 000 000
1 263 000 000
1 230 000 000
Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Egypt Libya South Africa
China India Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Malaysia Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Taiwan Vietnam Australia New Zealand World total
Note(s) (1) The data in this table include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI), where these have been separately identified.
34
Production of crude steel Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
464 000 7 474 000 234 002 2 778 792 8 026 000 649 085 835 000 162 709 5 583 000 1 3 989 000 15 780 639 44 284 000 1 934 000 1 729 000 28 735 000 ... 568 000 2 521 000 348 576 321 000 61 164 6 937 000 610 000 8 776 458 1 942 000 3 828 000 68 400 000 1 304 954 4 236 000 648 000 15 504 000 4 867 200 * 1 400 000 30 562 184 35 512 156 9 478 000
390 000 7 421 000 267 660 2 869 373 7 301 000 700 341 633 000 1 016 5 072 082 185 3 759 000 15 607 227 42 661 000 1 247 000 1 543 000 27 252 000 * 120 000 805 000 2 214 000 225 224 335 000 28 161 6 879 000 700 000 8 542 514 1 960 000 3 292 000 70 400 000 346 000 4 403 447 632 000 13 639 000 4 326 300 * 1 450 000 35 885 000 33 509 180 9 579 100
312 000 7 953 000 222 800 2 394 489 7 127 000 722 155 523 000 135 000 5 171 255 157 3 517 000 15 685 350 42 645 000 1 030 000 883 000 24 093 000 * 120 000 198 000 2 090 000 145 633 190 000 19 723 6 713 000 605 000 8 199 353 2 050 000 2 985 000 68 800 000 396 000 4 511 000 618 000 14 252 000 4 404 100 * 1 530 000 34 654 000 33 198 653 11 857 500
560 000 7 876 000 324 119 2 597 807 7 331 000 792 019 612 000 159 000 5 360 000 202 3 808 000 16 143 625 42 943 000 1 022 000 1 152 000 23 714 000 * 150 000 * 190 000 2 193 000 196 454 344 000 * 15 000 6 964 000 600 000 8 799 731 2 070 000 3 158 000 70 300 000 583 000 4 705 000 615 000 14 163 000 4 539 200 1 611 607 34 035 000 27 372 913 12 033 500
550 000 7 687 000 302 015 2 578 471 7 257 000 795 942 543 000 122 000 5 261 591 724 3 988 000 14 984 045 42 674 000 910 000 1 675 000 22 018 000 *— * 190 000 2 127 000 165 235 * 340 000 36 602 6 995 000 590 000 9 337 105 2 035 000 3 352 000 69 400 000 955 000 4 561 609 604 000 14 845 000 4 374 400 1 586 020 31 517 000 23 166 031 10 906 700
551 000 * 30 000 6 485 000 * 130 000 * 25 000 * 20 000 100 000 * 5 000 654 000 * 100 000 7 546 000 * 150 000 * 30 000
557 000 * 30 000 6 627 000 * 130 000 * 25 000 * 20 000 315 000 * 5 000 539 000 * 100 000 6 938 000 * 150 000 * 30 000
417 000 * 30 000 6 754 000 * 130 000 * 25 000 * 20 000 712 000 * 5 000 558 000 * 100 000 7 253 000 * 150 000 * 30 000
415 000 * 30 000 6 485 000 * 130 000 * 25 000 * 20 000 968 000 * 5 000 501 000 * 100 000 7 210 000 * 150 000 * 30 000
650 000 * 30 000 5 506 000 * 130 000 * 25 000 * 20 000 352 000 * 5 000 516 000 * 100 000 7 614 000 * 50 000 * 30 000
Canada Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA
12 891 000 283 982 * 76 000 97 000 294 000 18 110 111 603 400 86 000 000
13 507 000 280 899 * 56 000 72 000 334 000 18 073 052 623 800 88 695 000
12 349 000 268 814 * 56 000 118 000 385 000 18 242 195 615 800 86 878 000
12 595 000 259 130 * 60 000 121 000 358 000 18 995 283 483 300 88 347 000
12 473 000 223 441 * 60 000 112 000 403 000 18 228 000 266 500 * 81 000 000
Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador
5 610 500 35 220 000 1 615 000 1 244 000 463 000
4 996 000 34 524 000 1 671 000 1 302 000 425 000
5 185 710 34 163 000 1 398 000 1 236 000 570 000
5 488 100 33 912 000 1 079 000 1 208 000 667 000
5 027 900 33 200 000 1 103 000 1 179 000 674 000
Albania Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Kosovo Latvia Luxembourg Macedonia Moldova (a) Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Libya Mauritania Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tunisia Uganda
35
Production of crude steel Country Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Burma China India (b) Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kuwait Malaysia Mongolia Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Syria Taiwan Thailand United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia New Zealand World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
28 000 882 000 81 000 2 980 000
44 000 981 000 78 000 2 359 000
45 000 1 057 000 91 000 2 494 000
47 000 1 078 000 94 000 1 466 000
48 000 1 082 000 * 84 000 1 346 000
* 25 000 685 283 100 74 291 000 3 621 000 14 037 000 * 300 000 107 601 194 * 150 000 4 699 000 68 519 191 * 1 300 000 * 500 000 5 941 000 63 600 * 1 592 000 1 200 000 2 005 000 5 275 000 752 000 * 70 000 21 640 000 4 238 000 * 2 000 000 733 000 4 900 000
* 25 000 723 882 200 78 416 000 2 254 000 14 395 000 * 300 000 107 232 297 * 150 000 3 676 000 69 073 000 * 1 280 000 * 500 000 5 612 000 72 400 * 1 631 000 1 260 000 2 148 000 5 203 000 688 000 * 70 000 19 927 000 3 328 000 2 408 000 736 000 5 298 000
* 30 000 813 138 900 81 690 000 2 644 000 15 631 000 * 300 000 110 594 771 * 150 000 3 275 000 66 061 000 * 1 250 000 * 500 000 4 693 000 * 58 600 * 1 845 000 1 308 000 2 236 000 5 471 000 434 000 * 10 000 21 466 000 3 579 000 2 878 000 746 000 5 474 000
* 35 000 822 306 300 88 980 000 4 428 000 14 308 000 * 300 000 110 666 068 * 150 000 4 014 860 71 542 000 * 1 250 000 * 500 000 4 316 000 * 58 600 * 2 423 000 1 196 000 2 867 000 6 291 000 540 000 * 5 000 22 511 000 4 095 000 2 390 000 723 000 5 847 000
* 35 000 803 823 000 89 790 000 * 4 200 000 * 14 340 000 * 300 000 105 134 378 * 150 000 3 902 617 69 670 000 * 1 250 000 * 500 000 * 4 100 000 * 58 600 * 2 892 000 968 000 2 593 000 5 662 000 * 515 000 * 5 000 21 000 000 3 718 000 3 006 000 643 000 6 050 000
6 538 000 844 000
4 903 000 912 000
4 646 000 900 000
4 607 000 881 000
4 925 000 793 000
1 521 000 000
1 555 000 000
1 642 000 000
1 669 000 000
1 620 000 000
Note(s) (1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production from scrap. (2) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Sri Lanka. (a) Production from the region east of the River Nistru (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
36
Production of ferro-alloys Country Albania Ferro-chrome Armenia Ferro-molybdenum Austria Ferro-molybdenum Ferro-nickel Ferro-vanadium Bosnia & Herzegovina Czech Republic Ferro-vanadium Finland Ferro-chrome France Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Other ferro-alloys Georgia Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Germany Ferro-chrome Silicon metal Other ferro-alloys Greece Ferro-nickel Iceland Ferro-silicon Italy Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Kosovo Ferro-nickel Macedonia Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon Norway Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Poland Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Romania Ferro-silico-manganese Russia Spiegeleisen Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-molybdenum Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon Ferro-vanadium Silicon metal Other ferro-alloys Slovakia Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
28 433
24 018
24 692
34 897
43 350
5 525
5 836
6 619
6 528
5 576
4 000 2 500 8 000 17 527
4 000 2 500 8 000 15 874
4 000 2 500 8 000 16 707
4 000 2 500 8 000 18 383
4 000 2 500 8 000 18 716
* 4 600
* 5 800
* 6 400
* 6 400
* 6 200
231 000
229 000
434 000
441 000
457 000
130 500 63 400 71 500 * 104 000 * 60 000
101 000 68 500 63 300 * 110 000 * 60 000
104 000 64 900 49 600 * 110 000 * 60 000
115 700 64 800 40 000 * 100 000 * 60 000
* 116 000 * 64 800 * 40 000 * 100 000 * 60 000
* 4 500 242 746
* 4 500 257 421
* 4 500 253 361
* 4 500 243 951
* 4 500 210 680
* 18 500 30 134 9 985
* 17 800 28 574 8 248
* 17 500 30 283 * 8 200
* 17 000 28 500 * 8 200
* 17 000 29 953 * 8 200
93 910
96 435
86 850
94 952
89 129
120 076
131 818
125 204
109 739
121 556
* 25 000 145 000
* 27 000 110 000
* 27 000 153 000
* 27 000 67 000
* 27 000 82 000
* 68 948
* 30 200
* 33 300
* 39 100
* 40 000
50 756 17 292 56 167
14 179 19 247 42 402
— 20 001 72 279
— 18 054 73 014
— 17 699 45 698
337 900 266 000 170 102 * 170 000
325 900 271 400 203 886 * 150 000
320 000 * 250 000 337 281 * 150 000
* 325 000 * 250 000 192 389 * 150 000
* 350 000 * 250 000 243 813 * 150 000
800 400 72 668 300
800 200 78 115 300
820 100 73 589 11 250
549 32 62 878 24 909
460 — 77 138 —
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 7 000 501 700 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 6 917 34 581 1 030 000 16 683 * 48 700 * 34 000
* 7 000 477 600 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 7 018 20 049 1 042 000 14 381 * 48 000 * 34 000
* 7 000 * 480 000 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 5 297 * 20 000 * 1 050 000 14 059 * 48 000 * 34 000
* 7 000 * 480 000 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 4 503 * 20 000 * 1 050 000 14 076 * 48 000 * 34 000
* 7 000 * 480 000 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 * 4 500 * 20 000 * 1 050 000 * 14 000 * 48 000 * 34 000
25 036 32 304 18 575
50 089 32 726 20 059
* 50 000 41 664 * 20 000
29 643 39 300 22 300
27 100 38 200 30 200
37
Production of ferro-alloys Country Spain Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Sweden Ferro-chrome Turkey Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ukraine Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Egypt Ferro-silicon (a) Other ferro-alloys (a) South Africa Ferro-chrome Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Ferro-vanadium Silicon metal Zimbabwe Ferro-chrome Canada Ferro-niobium Ferro-silicon Ferro-vanadium Silicon metal Dominican Republic Ferro-nickel Mexico Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese USA Ferro-silicon & silicon metal Argentina Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Brazil Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ferro-silico-magnesium Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-niobium Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Other ferro-alloys Chile Ferro-molybdenum Colombia Ferro-nickel Venezuela Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon
38
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
92 100 142 300 * 69 700 * 34 800
* 80 200 148 100 * 68 600 * 27 200
80 500 148 500 * 80 500 * 24 200
* 80 500 * 149 000 * 80 000 * 22 000
* 80 500 * 150 000 * 80 000 * 22 000
80 140
35 800
55 078
65 703
82 616
* 40 000 * 3 000
* 40 000 * 3 000
* 40 000 * 3 000
* 40 000 * 3 000
* 40 000 * 3 000
187 897 930 337 89 903 186 306 25 126
163 921 823 131 119 652 150 265 22 115
88 626 724 892 121 586 191 207 15 908
104 291 960 657 114 222 167 977 15 326
100 209 750 181 95 209 114 826 19 360
52 421 * 30 000
54 930 * 30 000
49 060 * 30 000
56 794 * 30 000
57 000 * 30 000
3 421 911 * 696 000 314 000 124 000 * 18 000 59 000
3 063 257 * 654 000 149 000 91 000 * 16 000 * 47 000
3 219 000 * 650 000 * 150 000 * 90 000 * 16 000 * 50 000
* 3 000 000 * 650 000 * 150 000 * 90 000 * 16 000 * 50 000
* 3 000 000 * 650 000 * 150 000 * 90 000 * 16 000 * 50 000
161 839
137 534
150 060
214 110
* 220 000
7 018 31 039 900 * 30 000
7 132 31 979 800 * 30 000
7 974 38 817 800 * 12 000
8 485 35 500 800 * 30 000
* 8 500 * 35 000 * 800 * 30 000
34 576
38 433
23 419
—
—
73 684 139 047
61 845 161 221
60 674 157 855
67 506 164 852
67 919 139 363
437 000
499 000
468 000
502 000
* 525 000
* 11 000 * 11 000
* 11 000 * 11 000
* 11 000 * 11 000
* 11 000 * 11 000
* 11 000 * 11 000
145 000 11 600 20 900 77 000 218 600 45 600 81 900 210 900 210 400 32 700
181 425 18 890 21 200 88 714 241 705 94 400 50 400 203 881 230 000 38 784
174 200 13 184 * 20 000 83 348 227 652 34 500 46 600 158 000 230 000 * 40 000
188 700 * 13 000 * 20 000 * 80 000 * 230 000 37 200 51 700 230 000 230 000 * 40 000
173 500 * 13 000 * 20 000 * 40 000 * 230 000 71 500 150 000 * 200 000 * 230 000 * 40 000
17 177
15 451
13 072
14 584
* 14 500
103 371
138 966
137 995
* 113 000
* 100 500
12 000 24 000 51 800 84 700
* 12 000 14 200 * 50 000 72 300
* 12 000 * 14 200 * 50 000 * 74 300
* 12 000 * 14 000 * 50 000 * 80 000
* 12 000 * 14 000 * 50 000 * 80 000
Production of ferro-alloys
tonnes (metric)
Country Bahrain Ferro-manganese Ferro-silicon Bhutan Ferro-silicon China Ferro-alloys Silicon metal India Ferro-aluminium (b) Ferro-chrome (b) Ferro-silico-magnesium (b) Ferro-manganese (b) Ferro-silico-manganese (b) Ferro-molybdenum (b) Ferro-silicon (b) Ferro-titanium (b) Ferro-vanadium (b) Other ferro-alloys (b) Indonesia Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Iran Ferro-chrome (c) Ferro-silicon (c) Japan Ferro-chrome Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-molybdenum Ferro-nickel Ferro-vanadium Other ferro-alloys Kazakhstan Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Korea (Rep. of) Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Other ferro-alloys Korea, Dem. P.R. of
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
35 300 3 000
35 000 3 000
35 000 3 000
* 35 000 * 3 000
* 35 000 * 3 000
* 79 600
* 82 000
* 83 000
* 79 500
* 106 500
* 27 100 000 1 355 300
* 30 300 000 1 136 800
37 762 000 1 452 100
37 860 000 1 705 000
36 664 000 * 1 700 000
5 850 943 000 19 491 517 000 201 066 1 058 89 000 595 695 730
4 935 944 000 19 205 518 000 236 541 1 076 90 000 630 796 * 730
5 497 944 000 21 964 518 000 225 395 1 231 90 000 821 906 * 730
3 737 944 000 26 123 518 000 249 691 1 295 90 000 545 1 035 * 730
3 212 944 000 20 541 518 000 269 920 1 459 90 000 198 937 * 730
* 12 000 * 8 000 98 450
* 13 000 * 9 000 91 860
* 12 000 * 8 000 91 245
* 12 000 * 8 000 84 255
* 12 000 * 8 000 86 055
* 8 000 * 50 000
* 8 000 * 50 000
* 8 000 * 50 000
* 8 000 * 50 000
* 8 000 * 50 000
17 217 456 798 49 798 5 167 279 944 3 980 20 913
19 392 436 171 52 287 4 616 371 913 4 403 19 364
21 671 460 936 24 741 4 550 402 768 4 433 19 394
(d) ... 463 345 * 25 000 (d) ... 379 291 (d) ... * 50 000
(d) ... 465 952 * 25 000 (d) ... 396 969 (d) ... * 55 000
1 289 917 143 296 232 039 1 683 1 754
1 305 343 164 853 251 530 464 1 845
1 337 275 165 195 203 926 470 646
1 351 803 158 825 200 379 * 470 4 130
1 414 476 74 609 164 189 * 470 88 646
355 047 195 650 4 162 * 13 000
* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200 * 16 000
* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200 * 21 000
* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200 * 22 000
* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200 * 22 000
198 000 * 43 000
234 000 * 52 000
269 000 * 54 000
278 000 * 51 000
184 476
174 078
224 884
228 484
Australia Ferro-manganese & ferro-silico-manganese (a) 267 000 Silicon metal * 34 000 New Caledonia Ferro-nickel 169 513
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Bahrain and Chile also produce ferro-chrome. (2) In addition to the countries listed, Saudi Arabia also produces ferro-manganese and ferro-silico-manganese. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Years ended 30 June of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Included with 'other ferro-alloys'
39
Production of kaolin Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
18 897 * 300 000 232 147 7 700 660 000 310 000 * 1 100 000 7 250 * 180 000 163 600 322 041 — * 45 000 90 472 4 000 384 179 1 229 352 1 353 555 * 1 290 000
13 497 * 300 000 149 495 33 900 624 000 308 000 * 1 100 000 6 268 * 180 000 137 800 321 689 — * 45 000 69 487 3 000 402 251 988 081 1 217 909 * 1 150 000
11 558 * 300 000 44 940 22 600 609 000 300 000 * 1 100 000 — * 180 000 166 000 248 008 32 722 * 45 000 * 70 000 6 000 410 717 1 027 189 1 179 380 * 1 110 000
14 343 * 300 000 21 610 6 900 617 000 311 000 1 100 000 — * 180 000 197 322 269 073 30 638 * 45 000 * 70 000 6 000 344 414 734 072 1 426 447 * 1 090 000
12 668 * 300 000 252 268 * 6 500 648 000 * 310 000 1 100 000 — * 180 000 170 904 247 482 * 30 000 * 45 000 * 70 000 6 000 350 000 2 032 103 1 814 786 * 1 014 000
Algeria Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia (d) Kenya Madagascar Nigeria South Africa Sudan Tanzania Uganda
108 000 300 000 * 240 4 498 * 980 * 260 * 155 000 15 220 15 096 1 177 20 883
100 000 * 300 000 * 250 4 000 * 1 100 * 260 * 140 000 40 999 11 579 1 422 42 886
42 500 * 300 000 * 250 3 534 * 1 200 * 260 * 140 000 22 295 26 000 907 43 875
* 45 000 * 300 000 * 250 * 3 500 * 1 200 * 260 * 140 000 27 258 33 770 3 809 46 286
* 40 000 * 300 000 * 250 * 3 500 * 1 200 * 260 * 140 000 20 339 * 35 000 1 953 34 697
Cuba Guatemala Mexico USA (e)
3 000 1 620 372 506 5 950 000
4 000 1 866 514 730 5 900 000
3 600 1 339 669 860 6 140 000
1 700 1 285 546 437 6 310 000
1 500 1 101 * 500 000 * 6 160 000
Argentina Brazil (a) Chile Ecuador Paraguay Peru Venezuela
54 166 1 927 000 59 912 95 062 * 6 000 18 169 1 482
66 574 2 388 000 60 429 42 564 * 6 000 34 585 2 447
* 70 000 2 139 000 60 000 100 195 * 6 000 32 249 2 793
* 65 000 2 055 000 60 000 40 236 * 6 000 19 964 * 3 000
* 60 000 1 700 000 60 000 2 583 * 6 000 43 251 * 3 000
3 200 000 76 134 * 175 000 * 1 500 000 * 13 000 89 903 1 051 772 442 550 142 600 16 055 3 529 65 000 11 157 16 936 175 881 * 150 000 * 650 000
* 3 300 000 101 354 * 180 000 1 503 377 * 13 000 76 000 796 603 438 923 139 500 21 555 4 631 137 000 11 805 26 376 175 464 * 150 000 * 650 000
* 3 300 000 71 901 * 175 000 * 1 000 000 * 12 000 * 65 000 847 172 293 480 114 700 22 917 6 568 101 000 12 990 15 963 * 175 000 * 150 000 * 650 000
* 3 300 000 74 207 * 175 000 1 879 943 * 12 000 * 65 000 682 749 219 652 66 600 16 191 7 050 106 000 * 13 000 1 808 * 175 000 * 150 000 * 650 000
* 3 300 000 * 74 000 * 175 000 * 1 500 000 * 12 000 * 65 000 587 787 294 693 169 500 18 956 * 7 000 111 000 * 13 000 732 * 175 000 * 150 000 * 650 000
Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Czech Republic (a) France Germany (b) Greece Italy Poland (c) Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain (c) Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
China India (f)(g) Indonesia Iran (h) Japan Jordan Korea (Rep. of) Malaysia Oman Pakistan (i) Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand (a) Uzbekistan (f) Vietnam
40
Production of kaolin Country Australia (i) New Zealand World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
46 388 21 545
89 229 11 578
204 521 13 066
171 933 61 382
* 261 000 13 659
24 700 000
24 500 000
23 900 000
24 300 000
25 300 000
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Denmark is believed to produce kaolin. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Beneficiated Washed and dried Washed Years ended 7 July of that stated Sold or used by producers Beneficiated; excludes directly used natural kaolin Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated
41
Mine production of lead Country
tonnes (metal content) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
3 656 14 369 13 400 50 700 4 530 37 295 1 200 53 100 — *— 119 000 2 100 114 5 705 62 028 38 682 (c) 280
3 700 15 949 18 060 47 400 5 295 39 184 1 958 89 000 87 * 5 300 151 000 2 500 166 3 800 63 551 57 017 (c) 61
4 500 16 914 18 010 42 950 6 378 42 826 2 453 79 000 1 496 * 400 165 000 3 100 235 2 200 59 556 76 638 (d)* 100
4 000 15 618 16 700 40 500 7 676 43 810 2 755 83 329 3 192 *— 196 000 3 700 162 1 300 70 848 62 190 (e)* 100
4 500 16 755 17 000 31 300 5 541 37 922 3 476 * 60 200 3 077 *— 196 000 3 300 200 * 10 000 79 354 75 902 (e)* 100
— — 30 850 8 330 9 100 54 460
— 800 27 526 9 270 11 300 52 489
2 168 600 30 765 11 224 11 500 41 848
1 902 800 27 505 11 788 11 400 29 348
* 2 000 700 32 138 10 746 * 8 000 34 573
Canada Guatemala Honduras Mexico USA
67 505 — 13 100 223 717 342 000
64 116 2 300 12 400 238 091 345 000
20 678 863 11 600 253 361 340 000
3 617 10 359 15 500 250 462 379 000
4 200 10 153 9 800 253 890 * 385 000
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Peru
26 100 100 051 8 545 841 230 199
* 25 000 81 095 8 922 410 249 236
* 23 000 82 131 8 020 1 829 266 472
* 29 000 75 572 10 978 2 678 277 000
* 26 000 75 272 * 9 400 2 979 316 000
* 8 700 2 405 700 89 699 40 000 38 800 1 289 * 28 500 1 361 * 2 000 396 8 900 * 3 700
* 9 800 2 613 200 104 345 45 000 38 000 1 940 * 38 000 164 * 600 *— 16 000 * 200
* 11 700 2 696 538 109 812 42 000 40 800 2 500 * 59 000 1 600 * 300 — 17 000 *—
* 18 000 2 608 619 111 643 36 000 37 800 2 764 * 53 000 100 * 200 — 28 000 * 1 400
* 13 600 * 2 300 000 147 897 41 000 40 700 2 921 * 47 000 400 * 100 — 31 000 * 700
621 487
620 598
711 211
727 953
653 488
4 800 000
5 100 000
5 300 000
5 300 000
5 000 000
Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria (a) Greece Ireland, Republic of Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom Burkina Faso Congo, Democratic Republic Morocco Namibia Nigeria South Africa
Burma China India (b) Iran Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Pakistan Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Vietnam Australia World total
Note(s) (a) Metal content of ore (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) By-product of gold mining in Northern Ireland. (d) By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations and of gold mining in Northern Ireland. (e) By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations
42
Production of refined lead Country Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia France Germany Greece Ireland, Republic of Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Ghana (a) Kenya Morocco Mozambique (a) Nigeria Senegal (a) South Africa Zambia Canada Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico USA (b) Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela Burma China India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Lebanon Malaysia Pakistan (c) Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka (a) Taiwan Thailand United Arab Emirates
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
26 200 119 000 3 370 90 000 38 000 7 800 80 000 429 100 * 7 000 18 000 149 500 27 000 121 500 6 000 6 747 124 000 15 000 177 000 52 438 * 48 000 55 300 275 000
24 504 119 000 3 327 85 000 41 000 8 046 83 000 423 000 * 6 000 16 000 138 400 27 000 141 000 5 000 13 200 110 000 12 000 160 000 61 528 * 50 000 43 200 311 930
25 000 129 429 2 382 90 000 42 000 7 581 71 000 400 000 * 6 000 17 000 179 700 27 000 145 400 4 000 14 000 106 000 12 000 157 000 68 713 * 50 000 48 800 296 000
25 100 133 252 1 227 92 000 44 000 8 588 72 000 380 000 * 12 000 17 200 209 600 31 000 149 000 5 000 12 000 96 500 11 000 166 000 68 708 * 55 000 42 900 267 000
24 400 130 000 142 90 000 45 000 8 329 72 000 378 000 * 14 000 17 200 207 500 32 000 155 000 * 5 000 * 12 000 114 000 12 000 172 000 71 293 * 56 000 31 800 351 200
10 000 2 403 * 1 000 36 469 900 9 000 2 383 56 000 * 3 000
6 000 2 961 * 1 000 15 600 1 500 15 000 3 366 54 000 * 4 000
* 9 000 3 076 * 1 200 * 14 000 1 900 * 14 000 2 607 52 000 * 5 000
* 9 000 2 817 * 1 000 * 15 000 2 310 * 14 000 2 187 52 000 * 5 000
* 9 000 3 048 * 1 000 16 325 2 494 * 15 000 1 857 52 000 4 000
282 589 4 000 2 000 * 18 000 956 281 700 1 248 000
279 150 4 000 5 000 * 17 000 — 279 100 1 221 000
281 781 7 000 6 000 * 17 000 — 271 200 1 264 000
281 456 7 000 6 000 * 15 000 — 363 500 1 020 000
268 863 7 000 6 000 * 15 500 — 356 000 1 050 000
84 600 500 184 000 8 000 * 42 000 *— * 26 000
* 90 300 500 188 000 9 000 * 42 000 5 000 * 25 000
91 000 — 182 000 14 000 * 42 000 62 900 * 22 000
95 100 1 924 190 000 12 000 * 42 000 54 550 * 20 000
81 200 459 190 000 12 000 * 42 000 1 494 * 20 000
* 200 4 603 600 419 000 * 47 000 82 000 26 000 252 562 111 518 416 900 * 3 000 * 7 200 44 000 1 569 * 34 000 * 35 000 2 138 36 000 42 223 * 2 000
* 200 4 590 900 460 100 * 45 000 81 000 25 000 258 527 88 099 460 000 * 3 000 * 7 200 32 100 1 414 * 32 000 * 37 000 3 762 35 000 86 507 * 2 000
* 200 4 935 100 463 000 * 42 000 76 000 25 000 251 854 91 072 427 700 * 3 000 * 7 200 32 000 2 527 * 32 000 * 37 000 4 803 34 000 87 385 * 2 000
* 200 4 704 319 477 000 * 46 000 72 000 25 000 * 240 000 127 064 639 000 * 3 000 * 7 200 26 200 2 549 * 30 000 * 36 000 4 528 34 000 79 250 * 2 000
* 200 4 405 000 500 600 * 46 000 76 000 25 000 * 231 000 120 108 641 000 * 3 000 * 10 000 25 300 * 2 500 * 30 000 * 37 000 2 548 30 000 86 000 * 2 000
43
Production of refined lead
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
232 000 * 13 000
207 000 * 3 000
232 000 —
226 000 —
232 000 —
10 600 000
10 600 000
11 000 000
10 900 000
10 700 000
Australia New Zealand World total
Note(s) (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead. (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated (b) Excluding lead content of primary antimonial lead (c) Years ended 30 June of that
Production of lithium minerals Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Portugal Lepidolite
37 534
20 698
19 940
17 459
17 120
Zimbabwe
44 000
47 000
44 000
44 000
44 000
Canada USA (a)
*— * 1 000
*— * 1 000
*— 870
108 * 900
— * 900
Argentina (b)(c) Brazil Spodumene Chile (d)
14 017
13 942
* 13 200
* 16 000
* 19 000
7 820 69 597
7 084 71 594
7 982 60 646
8 519 62 253
* 8 500 56 375
China (a)
* 2 100
* 1 900
* 2 100
* 1 900
* 2 200
421 228
452 921
* 363 000
* 444 000
* 428 000
27 900
28 500
24 600
26 800
26 200
Australia Spodumene World total (Li content)
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Russia has also produced lithium minerals in the past. (2) In addition to the countries listed, Bolivia is believed to produce lithium minerals. (a) (b) (c) (d)
44
Li content Carbonate Chloride Carbonate, hydroxide and chloride
Production of magnesite Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
867 912 393 880 274 877 75 350 * 2 600 000 751 700 577 725 2 588 276
778 810 349 998 290 873 83 860 * 2 600 000 618 400 649 977 2 475 828
714 422 314 770 249 568 97 000 * 2 600 000 584 000 836 269 2 597 465
754 096 391 140 285 907 92 000 * 2 600 000 557 100 836 869 2 377 157
702 504 383 312 257 510 96 000 * 2 600 000 501 200 * 800 000 3 335 258
South Africa Zimbabwe
31 900 169
* 30 000 —
* 40 000 *—
* 50 000 *—
* 50 000 *—
Canada (b) Guatemala Mexico
* 150 000 311 —
* 150 000 27 132 100 724
* 150 000 17 196 101 000
* 150 000 24 268 101 000
* 150 000 * 20 000 * 101 000
Brazil (c) Colombia
1 103 800 *—
1 707 730 —
1 084 194 1 774
1 152 233 * 1 750
* 1 150 000 * 1 750
33 010 000 224 104 172 697 126 988 * 254 000 — 4 908 4 784 159 000
* 28 000 000 224 315 143 000 105 610 * 250 000 — 5 444 4 822 254 000
* 30 000 000 196 940 109 496 91 040 * 250 000 — 6 705 5 998 235 000
* 36 000 000 285 009 202 151 135 966 * 250 000 225 3 770 * 6 000 286 000
* 33 000 000 265 022 * 140 000 * 136 000 * 250 000 60 4 581 * 6 000 294 000
671 073
614 139
522 187
611 547
680 967
44 000 000
39 500 000
40 800 000
47 200 000
44 900 000
Austria Greece Netherlands (a) Poland Russia Slovakia Spain Turkey
China India (d) Iran (e) Israel (f) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Nepal (g) Pakistan (h) Philippines Saudi Arabia Australia (h) World total
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce magnesite. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
Chloride produced from solution mining Officially described as magnesitic dolomite and brucite Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Magnesium chloride Years ended 15 July of that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated
45
Production of primary magnesium metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia Ukraine
13 517 * 2 000
13 798 * 2 000
13 970 * 2 000
13 744 * 2 000
12 460 * 2 000
USA
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
Brazil
* 5 000
* 5 000
* 5 000
4 933
* 5 000
674 900 * 200 26 284 21 400 — 600
698 200 * 200 27 292 22 000 * 2 500 650
770 407 * 200 27 399 13 000 * 7 500 650
873 649 * 200 26 000 9 500 * 10 000 2 950
852 064 * 200 26 000 8 100 * 10 000 * 1 600
China India Israel Kazakhstan (a) Korea (Rep. of) Malaysia
Note(s) (a) Not marketed as metal but used in titanium production.
46
Production of manganese ore Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Bulgaria Georgia (a) Hungary Romania Russia Turkey Ukraine
85 600 * 370 000 58 000 3 180 2 600 172 480 1 391 228
39 100 * 370 000 51 000 8 993 8 200 192 756 1 234 007
103 600 * 370 000 35 000 21 300 — 321 785 1 524 696
93 700 * 370 000 51 000 12 662 — 245 830 1 526 218
46 500 * 370 000 57 000 40 262 *— 142 809 * 1 525 000
Burkina Faso Egypt (b) Gabon Ghana Ivory Coast Morocco Namibia South Africa Metallurgical Chemical Sudan
49 715 62 388 3 831 215 1 827 692 43 600 58 000 41 876
— * 40 000 3 363 170 1 490 634 100 400 90 200 * 42 000
— 31 325 4 091 399 1 997 911 245 499 111 000 133 473
— 22 299 * 4 000 000 1 531 394 * 350 000 91 271 104 527
* 1 600 * 10 000 * 4 000 000 1 562 769 * 250 000 71 700 31 591
8 635 863 15 979 —
8 931 472 11 943 —
* 10 930 000 * 22 000 3 250
* 13 830 000 * 27 000 * 3 500
* 15 947 000 * 32 000 * 3 500
437 264
510 942
580 309
652 465
592 728
2 738 000
2 796 000
2 833 000
2 723 000
2 700 000
* 586 000 * 14 000 000 2 411 871 194 428 2 963 000 597 917 41 300 398 * 64 600
* 286 000 * 14 500 000 2 342 169 172 560 2 975 000 1 099 585 37 500 8 151 * 15 800
* 394 000 * 15 000 000 2 626 291 171 846 2 852 100 1 125 127 49 000 14 320 * 9 700
* 242 000 * 15 000 000 2 369 481 140 196 2 608 800 835 429 37 500 14 330 * 800
* 70 000 * 15 000 000 2 147 629 * 165 000 1 625 700 501 827 7 400 9 000 *—
6 960 769
7 178 975
7 425 985
7 587 207
6 281 497
47 600 000
47 900 000
53 000 000
54 500 000
53 200 000
Mexico Brazil Burma China India (c) Iran (d) Kazakhstan Malaysia Oman Thailand Vietnam Australia World total
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Colombia and Cuba may produce manganese ore. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Marketable Fiscal years ending 30 June of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated
47
Production of mercury
kilograms
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Finland Russia
5 000 * 50 000
— * 50 000
— * 50 000
— * 50 000
— * 50 000
Morocco
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
Mexico (a) USA
* 120 300 * 15 000
* 235 300 * 15 000
* 266 200 * 15 000
* 300 900 * 15 000
* 306 500 * 15 000
Argentina Chile (a)(b)
31 000 * 89 200
37 000 * 48 600
28 000 * 19 300
* 25 000 * 18 000
* 25 000 * 14 000
China Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan
1 493 000 112 000 100 000
1 347 000 74 000 103 000
1 822 000 31 000 130 000
2 259 000 46 000 85 000
1 861 000 20 000 * 100 000
World total
2 000 000
1 900 000
2 400 000
2 800 000
2 400 000
Note(s) (1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by recovery from effluents. (a) BGS estimates based on net exports (b) From copper solvent extraction and electrowinning processes
48
Production of mica Country Finland France (a) Russia Spain (a) Turkey Madagascar South Africa Sudan Canada Mexico USA (a)(b) Argentina Brazil China (c) India (d) Iran (e) Korea (Rep. of) (f) Malaysia (g) Sri Lanka Taiwan World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
12 896 * 19 000 * 9 000 3 609 17 542
12 112 * 18 000 * 9 000 3 518 6 077
11 244 * 19 700 * 9 000 3 462 1 076
11 973 * 20 200 * 9 000 4 049 17 440
11 836 * 20 700 * 9 000 4 000 44 637
3 411 633 378
12 532 400 324
10 779 309 500
9 400 383 —
9 400 29 —
* 21 000 — 52 000
* 22 000 160 47 500
* 22 000 160 48 100
* 22 000 160 46 000
* 22 000 * 160 * 41 500
10 226 6 193
5 785 5 220
* 7 500 9 728
* 7 500 427 341
* 7 500 * 450 000
* 132 000 1 899 7 130 31 260 4 245 2 927 1 455
* 149 000 1 256 * 7 000 25 594 3 967 1 260 6 844
* 161 000 1 660 5 635 25 143 4 363 1 493 8 931
* 159 000 636 * 5 600 24 205 5 659 * 1 500 5 016
* 151 000 * 600 * 5 600 17 405 4 788 * 1 500 8 287
337 000
338 000
352 000
777 000
810 000
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce mica. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation Sold or used by producers Conservative BGS estimates, based on exports Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Mainly sericite Sericite
49
Mine production of molybdenum
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Norway Russia Turkey
4 822 ... 4 842 3
5 446 4 4 838 —
5 934 8 3 605 1
6 022 2 3 114 —
5 324 1 * 3 100 3
Canada Mexico USA
8 674 10 787 63 700
8 954 11 366 61 500
8 952 12 562 61 000
8 681 14 370 68 200
4 189 12 279 * 56 300
Argentina Brazil Chile Peru
1 708 263 40 698 19 141
4 850 185 35 090 16 790
3 829 * 200 38 715 18 140
1 907 * 200 48 770 17 000
1 730 * 200 52 398 20 000
China Iran (a) Mongolia
103 320 3 365 1 957
120 870 3 512 1 904
122 265 3 470 1 819
128 538 4 000 1 999
* 130 000 * 4 000 2 557
World total
263 000
275 000
281 000
303 000
292 000
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Georgia, India, Democratic P.R. of Korea, Romania and Tajikistan are believed to produce molybdenum (a) Years ended 20 March following that stated
Production of nepheline syenite Country Norway Russia Nepheline syenite Nepheline concentrates Canada
50
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
330 000
320 000
320 000
331 000
324 000
4 608 000 997 000
4 947 000 1 056 700
4 662 000 990 600
4 396 000 940 300
4 111 000 951 900
610 000
592 000
674 000
670 000
621 000
Mine production of nickel Country
tonnes (metal content) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
3 637 18 244 21 700 7 728 * 3 600 339 850 270 000 — 848
750 19 073 21 600 4 436 * 1 700 351 840 268 700 2 398 3 805
2 151 18 560 19 100 7 607 — 296 570 264 000 7 574 1 076
5 091 19 700 21 400 6 724 — 290 780 264 000 8 631 3 034
6 280 18 700 19 800 7 418 — 300 840 261 000 7 213 8 637
15 675 — 217 43 321 2 869 7 992
17 948 5 695 288 45 945 — 7 899
22 848 25 148 160 51 208 — 12 962
14 958 37 053 — 54 956 — 16 633
16 789 47 271 — 56 689 — * 16 800
219 025 68 600 13 528 — —
211 701 64 600 15 186 * 2 400 —
227 743 55 600 9 355 * 10 200 —
228 867 51 600 — * 46 800 4 093
234 936 56 400 — * 56 400 27 167
Brazil Colombia Venezuela
74 600 37 800 13 400
89 600 51 595 8 100
77 400 49 369 —
85 600 44 300 2 500
89 300 40 400 2 581
Burma China Indonesia Philippines Vietnam
— 89 800 552 400 319 354 —
— 93 300 750 000 317 621 —
* 6 100 93 151 839 300 315 633 1 166
* 21 000 101 067 215 700 393 262 6 854
* 26 400 * 100 000 129 600 416 019 8 607
Australia New Caledonia Papua New Guinea
215 014 128 732 —
243 597 131 693 4 758
280 584 164 406 12 918
299 021 178 080 17 685
225 227 186 065 25 582
2 129 000
2 386 000
2 576 000
2 150 000
2 092 000
Albania Finland Greece Kosovo Macedonia Norway Poland Russia Spain Turkey Botswana Madagascar Morocco South Africa (a) Zambia Zimbabwe Canada Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala USA
World total
Note(s) (a) Includes metal and metal content of sulphate and concentrates
51
Smelter/refinery production of nickel Country
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
500 49 823 13 700 18 530 7 500 17 300 92 427 850 264 900 17 100 37 400
500 46 275 13 200 18 630 4 400 19 200 91 687 840 254 100 20 800 39 400
500 44 498 12 100 17 500 7 600 20 000 91 017 570 241 800 21 200 42 400
600 42 750 8 400 18 481 6 700 18 100 90 526 780 234 700 18 600 39 100
700 43 594 6 500 17 113 7 400 17 700 91 222 840 231 900 18 000 38 804
— * 200 35 900 3 700
5 695 * 300 32 900 1 800
25 148 * 200 32 200 2 800
37 053 — 34 100 4 600
47 271 — 41 900 —
142 445 34 572 13 528 —
152 000 34 263 15 186 —
153 100 33 542 9 355 —
150 000 32 909 — * 4 000
159 300 33 706 — * 10 000
43 271 37 817 13 400
59 779 51 595 8 100
57 500 49 369 5 200
82 370 44 300 2 500
89 320 40 400 2 581
Burma China Indonesia Japan Korea (Rep. of)
— 435 200 19 690 156 900 17 708
— 519 200 18 372 169 600 19 870
* 3 100 693 500 21 200 177 810 23 325
* 19 000 690 500 21 900 177 782 24 903
* 23 000 * 600 000 22 200 192 789 34 882
Australia New Caledonia
110 213 40 513
128 756 45 383
141 519 48 370
126 722 62 049
119 576 77 530
1 625 000
1 772 000
1 976 000
1 993 000
1 968 000
Austria Finland France Greece Kosovo Macedonia Norway Poland Russia Ukraine United Kingdom Madagascar Morocco South Africa Zimbabwe Canada Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Brazil Colombia Venezuela
World total
Note(s) (1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts. (2) In addition to the countries listed, the USA produces some nickel as a refinery by-product.
52
Production of perlite
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Bulgaria Greece Hungary Italy Russia Slovakia Turkey Ukraine
229 — 800 000 70 900 * 60 000 * 45 000 23 000 702 673 * 36 000
181 3 700 876 000 72 364 * 60 000 * 45 000 24 000 887 600 * 36 000
53 — 890 000 64 944 * 60 000 * 45 000 16 000 1 075 949 * 36 000
14 — 985 000 68 546 * 60 000 * 45 000 17 000 879 125 * 36 000
— — 860 000 65 459 * 60 000 * 45 000 25 000 846 242 * 36 000
* 400
* 400
* 400
* 400
* 400
30 750 420 000
29 950 393 000
27 200 419 000
26 000 451 000
* 26 000 * 483 000
27 446 —
24 663 —
* 25 000 4 800
* 25 000 800
* 25 000 3 000
* 700 000 * 600 000 13 800 26 500
* 700 000 836 928 9 221 41 400
* 700 000 1 120 951 14 249 14 293
* 700 000 351 009 17 134 54 100
* 700 000 * 400 000 * 17 100 17 200
2 362 —
940 3 598
1 300 —
— —
— —
South Africa Mexico USA Argentina Chile China Iran (a) Philippines Thailand Australia (b) New Zealand
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Algeria, Canada, Djibuti, Georgia, Iceland, Morocco and Mozambique are believed to produce perlite. (a) Years ended 20 March following that stated (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
53
Production of crude petroleum Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
894 530 919 569 43 195 200 1 681 470 21 400 664 440 163 000 10 909 000 2 173 132 895 000 48 942 2 677 136 289 000 657 000 5 286 042 113 895 1 627 000 100 343 000 618 163 4 081 979 509 000 000 1 020 490 18 000 263 99 925 * 2 600 000 3 363 000 51 972 000
1 029 319 917 889 43 000 000 1 660 000 23 600 620 835 150 000 9 968 000 2 180 313 806 500 42 194 2 633 000 363 000 700 931 5 376 629 101 644 1 650 000 94 497 000 677 664 3 992 011 517 000 000 1 124 794 14 000 279 143 526 2 957 000 3 345 000 44 560 000
1 203 638 917 321 43 200 000 1 645 000 27 400 620 795 152 000 8 657 000 2 379 253 793 000 47 863 2 638 379 378 000 626 890 5 480 000 86 054 1 729 000 90 387 000 960 672 3 994 122 523 000 000 1 163 988 13 000 298 367 569 2 508 894 3 071 000 40 646 000
1 342 451 945 034 39 321 300 1 645 000 26 200 535 281 147 000 8 159 150 2 435 466 766 000 42 631 2 429 789 378 000 616 070 5 750 000 80 862 2 088 000 93 294 000 946 900 3 922 784 525 000 000 1 112 303 8 000 366 305 263 2 743 565 2 758 000 39 928 000
* 1 400 000 905 999 38 978 000 1 645 000 23 700 613 281 126 000 7 710 265 2 229 172 * 750 000 40 206 2 412 061 378 000 633 072 5 450 000 73 540 2 061 000 96 081 000 894 800 3 862 744 533 000 000 1 026 686 10 000 261 229 571 * 2 700 000 2 531 000 45 288 000
74 300 000 83 800 000 3 200 000 6 000 000 14 828 348 1 010 000 34 600 000 12 500 000 12 170 000 3 833 000 1 984 000 24 361 000 385 000 9 620 350 000 117 400 000 54 500 179 000 — (d) 14 300 000 3 203 300
67 200 000 86 900 000 3 200 000 5 300 000 13 250 062 1 173 020 34 700 000 14 900 000 12 300 000 3 928 000 1 954 000 72 387 000 327 000 7 000 995 700 116 200 000 7 700 137 000 (d) 1 500 000 5 100 000 3 314 000
68 900 000 87 300 000 3 146 000 4 400 000 13 324 007 1 146 380 34 400 000 14 600 000 11 800 000 4 960 000 1 904 000 49 459 000 336 000 6 000 995 000 111 300 000 15 800 79 000 4 900 000 5 800 000 3 149 000
68 800 000 83 000 000 3 808 000 4 300 000 12 594 591 1 147 838 35 100 000 13 100 000 11 800 000 5 311 000 1 854 000 23 897 000 299 000 * 6 000 995 000 11 480 000 30 100 88 803 7 700 000 5 783 400 2 813 000
68 500 000 88 700 000 4 860 000 4 100 000 * 12 500 000 1 132 052 35 600 000 13 500 000 11 600 000 5 161 000 1 704 000 * 21 100 000 258 900 * 6 000 995 000 11 300 000 22 900 70 979 7 300 000 5 200 000 * 2 800 000
Barbados Canada Cuba Guatemala Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA
40 179 150 200 000 3 011 700 554 100 151 842 000 4 736 250 357 139 824
37 369 161 000 000 2 998 900 537 620 150 601 000 4 222 897 407 741 117
34 923 172 600 000 2 897 100 505 573 148 998 583 4 180 844 462 086 835
32 161 186 300 000 2 905 300 508 862 144 138 810 4 186 801 545 331 586
34 239 191 400 000 * 2 900 000 508 222 133 953 966 4 051 369 548 462 226
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Suriname Venezuela
29 439 986 1 644 800 113 400 000 246 810 45 433 683 25 498 000 7 533 000 966 300 141 600 000
29 284 559 1 925 800 111 470 000 321 305 46 866 079 25 696 000 7 494 774 958 219 139 200 000
28 675 450 2 922 000 109 360 000 357 838 49 742 675 26 842 000 8 278 655 964 672 137 600 000
28 249 453 3 143 275 121 372 585 397 268 49 430 000 28 359 000 8 525 044 988 869 138 200 000
28 243 328 1 918 700 130 716 876 285 670 53 100 000 29 100 000 7 342 379 998 387 135 200 000
Albania Austria (a)(b) Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia (c) France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Angola Cameroon Chad Congo Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Ghana Ivory Coast Libya Mauritania Morocco Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tunisia
54
Production of crude petroleum Country Afghanistan Bahrain (b) Brunei Burma (e) China (a) East Timor (b) India (e) Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait (f) Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Mongolia Oman Pakistan (g) Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia (f) Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam (b) Yemen, Republic of Australia New Zealand (b) Papua New Guinea World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 3 000 2 778 000 8 248 000 935 000 202 875 500 3 095 000 38 090 000 45 105 000 222 344 300 136 900 000 4 638 759 000 1 000 160 121 800 139 700 000 90 300 27 200 000 351 000 44 100 000 3 205 500 1 016 000 78 200 000 525 800 000 16 500 000 11 344 28 300 12 100 000 10 700 000 151 300 000 3 600 000 15 769 100 11 200 000
* 3 000 2 939 000 7 955 925 875 000 207 478 000 3 661 000 37 862 000 43 105 000 189 883 800 152 400 000 30 690 724 000 1 000 79 225 000 153 700 000 83 600 28 000 000 500 137 45 803 815 3 276 442 876 595 83 300 000 547 000 000 8 500 000 11 379 29 800 16 200 000 11 000 000 154 700 000 3 200 000 17 305 300 8 800 000
4 507 3 068 000 6 733 840 863 000 209 918 500 2 519 000 37 788 000 41 210 000 179 777 200 153 200 000 52 259 627 000 1 000 81 731 400 151 300 000 83 500 27 500 000 705 488 46 902 251 3 735 038 819 217 84 200 000 542 300 000 2 800 000 10 511 27 300 16 600 000 11 400 000 165 700 000 2 900 000 17 390 000 6 900 000
5 080 3 115 000 6 217 262 826 000 211 429 200 1 615 000 37 461 000 39 439 000 186 000 500 160 300 000 60 010 588 000 800 80 825 600 150 800 000 82 900 28 800 000 * 705 500 46 981 924 4 155 885 995 470 83 500 000 543 400 000 1 600 000 9 320 24 500 16 300 000 12 100 000 167 300 000 3 100 000 17 392 000 6 600 000
* 5 100 3 209 000 6 238 268 673 000 214 742 000 1 585 000 36 951 000 39 290 000 195 161 100 197 000 000 65 383 544 000 500 79 456 300 149 100 000 106 700 31 200 000 * 705 500 48 854 229 4 538 165 845 024 79 300 000 568 500 000 1 300 000 9 534 24 600 17 200 000 12 700 000 175 500 000 3 000 000 18 746 000 2 100 000
21 967 000 2 121 860 1 424 000
21 821 000 1 866 590 1 346 000
18 310 000 1 605 470 1 399 000
19 558 000 1 788 250 * 1 300 000
17 223 000 1 869 660 * 1 300 000
4 075 000 000
4 108 000 000
4 135 000 000
4 127 000 000
4 225 000 000
Note(s) (1) The figures shown in this table include natural gas liquids. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
Including oil from shale and coal Including natural gas liquids From oil shale Sudan and South Sudan separated on 9 July 2011 Years ended 31 March following that stated Including shares of production from the Neutral Zone Years ended 30 June of that stated
55
Production of natural gas Country
million m3 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Albania Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland, Republic of Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
1 1 591 16 361 222 443 2 471 187 6 262 623 6 12 952 6 2 315 357 8 300 76 429 101 697 5 825 11 164 669 000 616 106 2 58 536 20 646 47 733
18 1 729 17 242 218 390 2 013 204 5 480 538 5 11 706 6 2 205 381 8 540 76 020 114 918 5 783 11 095 653 000 672 93 2 65 547 20 491 41 054
19 1 359 17 895 228 282 1 862 207 4 566 340 5 10 678 5 2 028 343 7 710 81 479 108 746 5 790 11 135 668 000 660 91 3 62 562 21 313 38 430
33 1 245 18 827 222 183 1 804 198 4 381 28 10 10 060 5 1 946 354 7 280 68 621 108 820 5 543 11 345 639 000 631 99 3 26 * 550 20 138 38 730
* 35 1 183 19 236 225 85 1 828 200 4 374 * 28 11 9 323 *5 1 887 * 350 6 880 51 237 95 400 5 336 11 436 633 000 626 104 3 12 * 550 19 757 41 276
Algeria Angola Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon (a) Ivory Coast Libya Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa Tunisia
82 700 730 1 161 61 400 6 880 57 1 606 7 900 56 3 823 39 900 1 400 2 935
81 500 740 1 161 60 900 6 811 396 1 751 12 200 76 3 851 43 300 1 186 2 826
81 500 900 1 740 56 100 * 6 600 396 2 127 10 400 92 4 304 36 200 838 2 890
83 300 820 * 1 750 48 800 * 6 900 * 400 2 162 11 800 * 92 5 607 45 000 849 2 585
83 000 * 830 * 1 750 45 600 * 6 900 340 * 2 200 12 800 * 92 * 5 600 50 100 1 333 * 2 500
Barbados Canada Cuba Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA (a)
20 148 203 1 020 58 300 42 883 648 506
23 144 441 1 035 57 200 42 604 680 538
22 145 367 1 066 58 200 42 831 689 062
21 151 693 1 200 57 100 42 055 733 095
20 154 383 1 245 53 200 39 639 766 225
45 524 15 790 18 280 1 440 10 810 224 12 034 31 200
44 124 18 300 20 845 1 207 10 897 510 12 527 32 800
41 708 20 800 24 290 893 12 930 514 12 921 28 400
41 484 21 954 24 536 907 11 800 * 510 13 687 28 600
42 896 20 900 24 862 1 044 11 000 * 510 13 239 32 400
144 15 634 20 075 12 797 12 888 105 337 5 416 47 559 81 896 159 900
119 16 755 21 056 12 565 13 217 110 608 5 192 40 679 77 972 166 200
159 19 241 22 670 12 206 13 648 120 858 5 906 35 407 77 263 166 800
141 20 627 23 232 11 852 18 488 130 157 5 320 33 656 76 145 182 000
* 140 21 283 * 23 200 12 452 19 201 127 140 6 055 31 114 75 770 192 500
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh (b) Brunei Burma (c) China East Timor India (c) Indonesia Iran
56
Production of natural gas Country Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait (d) Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Oman Pakistan (b) Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia (d) Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen, Republic of Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea World total
million m3 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
900 4 320 3 298 181 39 531 13 500 27 61 260 30 848 41 676 3 976 161 100 92 300 7 100 330 15 29 041 59 500 52 300 49 100 8 480 9 000
700 2 558 3 276 164 40 299 15 500 29 62 050 29 381 44 145 3 905 170 500 99 300 5 800 442 7 * 41 400 62 300 54 300 56 900 9 355 7 300
1 200 6 492 2 995 150 41 912 16 300 33 64 780 32 093 42 646 3 511 176 500 100 000 5 100 381 2 41 800 62 300 56 000 56 900 9 751 9 900
900 7 676 2 822 130 43 177 15 000 34 65 400 29 915 42 302 3 693 177 200 102 400 4 700 387 3 42 100 69 300 57 800 57 300 10 210 9 300
1 000 8 438 2 734 122 45 256 15 000 31 63 380 31 093 41 511 3 471 181 400 106 400 4 300 374 4 39 800 72 400 55 800 57 700 10 660 2 700
53 925 3 995 158
59 732 4 277 149
61 241 4 526 156
64 774 5 016 * 160
72 742 4 630 * 160
3 418 000
3 496 000
3 538 000
3 592 000
3 609 000
Note(s) (1) So far as possible the figures in this table exclude flared or reinjected gas (a) (b) (c) (d)
Dry gas Years ended 30 June of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Including one-half of the output of the Neutral Zone
57
Production of phosphate rock
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Finland Russia Turkey
869 694 9 800 000 —
858 005 10 017 000 —
877 189 10 500 000 510 080
946 234 10 700 000 604 000
956 564 * 10 700 000 713 230
Algeria Burkina Faso Egypt (a) Malawi Mali Morocco Senegal South Africa Tanzania Togo Tunisia Zimbabwe
1 281 100 2 400 4 746 000 — * 18 000 28 052 000 1 411 000 2 564 820 10 125 865 616 2 479 400 48 000
1 250 300 2 688 6 236 000 12 403 * 7 500 27 060 000 1 380 900 2 242 213 19 984 1 100 000 2 762 300 34 600
1 150 000 1 414 5 922 000 * 12 000 * 7 500 26 400 000 882 400 2 131 854 23 020 1 213 657 3 283 500 17 900
1 127 190 1 832 5 500 000 * 12 000 * 10 000 27 390 000 806 200 2 011 151 * 23 000 1 085 546 3 784 000 6 100
* 1 150 000 * 2 000 * 5 500 000 * 12 000 * 10 000 26 264 000 1 062 000 1 852 348 * 23 000 1 150 194 * 3 800 000 * 6 200
Canada Cuba Mexico USA
851 308 6 000 1 690 606 28 100 000
516 000 1 700 1 724 662 30 100 000
316 000 3 000 2 217 481 31 200 000
— 1 300 1 663 059 25 300 000
— — 1 676 540 * 27 600 000
6 738 000
6 740 000
6 715 000
6 513 000
5 600 000
15 929 1 625 * 50 000 8 889 295 167 741
15 601 1 266 54 000 10 345 925 151 539
14 956 2 915 49 400 14 842 307 98 458
22 859 2 717 30 396 10 884 269 35 820
19 549 3 408 90 505 11 161 636 26 324
81 223 000 616 000 2 259 726 98 081 52 720 3 021 955 7 594 000 1 716 200 * 300 000 30 950
95 296 000 653 000 1 941 158 33 333 100 000 2 488 496 6 383 000 1 868 200 * 300 000 69 400
108 510 000 672 000 1 453 580 119 961 140 000 2 539 166 5 398 600 1 831 800 * 300 000 104 961
120 438 000 575 000 1 607 215 75 092 * 140 000 2 778 715 7 143 713 * 1 830 000 * 300 000 101 971
142 039 000 671 000 1 473 722 * 70 000 * 140 000 3 427 469 8 335 993 * 1 830 000 * 300 000 84 606
2 778 310 — 58 525 3 541 900 3 300 652 600 2 395 300
2 952 331 1 534 000 47 559 1 780 300 1 990 664 300 2 363 800
3 478 443 1 820 000 49 106 897 600 350 700 000 2 656 100
3 897 409 1 911 000 62 595 1 230 000 500 * 700 000 2 470 900
* 3 900 * 410 2 002 000 52 406 750 000 * 500 * 700 000 2 758 100
2 388 038 436 563
884 643 521 491
2 064 291 347 184
1 950 050 153 418
1 027 622 94 021
205 000 000
220 000 000
238 000 000
242 000 000
265 000 000
Brazil (b) Chile Phosphate rock Guano Colombia Peru Venezuela China Christmas Island (a)(c)(d) India (e) Iran (f) Iraq Israel Jordan Kazakhstan Korea, Dem. P.R. of Pakistan (a) Philippines Phosphate rock Guano Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Syria Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia (a) Nauru (c) World total
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Indonesia and Nigeria are believed to produce phosphate rock. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
58
Years ended 30 June of that stated Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Exports Including phosphate dust Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated
Mine production of platinum group metals Country Finland Platinum Palladium Poland Platinum Palladium Russia Platinum (a) Palladium (a) Other platinum metals (a) Serbia Platinum Palladium Botswana Platinum Palladium Ethiopia Platinum (b) South Africa Platinum Palladium Other platinum metals Zimbabwe Platinum Palladium Other platinum metals Canada Platinum Palladium Other platinum metals USA Platinum Palladium Colombia China Platinum Palladium Australia Palladium (c) World total
kilograms (metal content)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
— —
429 379
946 766
1 060 808
992 784
23 13
39 23
51 30
86 51
* 90 * 55
26 500 107 500 2 100
24 900 89 900 2 800
25 000 84 000 2 600
22 000 81 300 2 800
20 800 75 500 2 500
6 4
3 22
3 20
*3 * 20
*3 * 20
373 2 115
435 2 582
218 1 337
124 560
31 156
1
*—
*—
*—
*—
148 008 82 731 58 111
128 590 74 738 51 010
137 024 76 008 51 156
93 991 58 410 36 043
139 125 82 691 53 699
10 827 8 422 2 162
10 524 10 524 2 090
13 066 10 153 2 677
12 483 10 138 2 667
* 12 800 * 10 500 * 2 700
* 8 300 * 14 400 * 900
* 8 200 * 14 400 * 900
* 9 700 * 19 800 * ...
* 12 000 * 21 000 * 1 400
* 12 800 * 22 300 * 1 500
3 700 12 400
3 670 12 300
3 720 12 600
3 660 12 400
* 3 700 * 12 500
1 231
1 460
1 504
1 135
861
* 1 400 * 700
* 1 400 * 700
* 1 400 * 700
* 1 400 * 700
* 1 400 * 700
445
706
786
766
533
492 000
443 000
455 000
377 000
459 000
Note(s) (1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of platinum group metals thought to be recovered from ores originating in the country stated. (2) Figures for metal production are only given for countries where recovery is thought to be based predominantly on domestic materials or on imported materials which have not been recorded as mine production elsewhere in the table. (3) In addition to the production listed, concentrates produced in Spain, and possibly other countries, are believed to be processed in China to recover platinum group metals. (a) Sales from mine production and stocks (b) Years ending 7 July of that stated (c) Platinum group metals; all forms
59
Production of potash Country
tonnes (K2O content) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
5 305 800
4 830 700
4 178 500
6 339 990
6 467 878
3 214 696
3 149 386
3 075 201
3 178 103
3 109 903
6 604 470
5 563 200
6 104 270
7 402 350
6 954 000
520 555
421 652
711 272
706 664
667 959
* 462 000
* 540 000
* 540 000
* 600 000
* 600 000
11 005 000
8 962 717
10 140 000
11 345 000
11 350 000
1 000 000
900 000
960 000
850 000
* 770 000
423 850
346 509
492 151
492 355
289 000
864 000
996 172
1 158 403
1 108 478
1 118 864
China Israel Chloride Jordan
2 598 800
2 559 000
3 600 000
* 4 400 000
* 4 200 000
1 789 721 1 355 160
2 115 468 1 110 200
2 155 414 1 064 000
2 212 923 1 275 500
950 077 1 436 600
World total
35 100 000
31 500 000
34 200 000
39 900 000
37 900 000
Belarus Germany Potassic salts Russia Chloride Spain Chloride United Kingdom Chloride Canada Chloride USA Potassic salts Brazil Chloride Chile Chloride
60
Production of rare earth oxides
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia
1 444
2 131
1 443
2 134
2 312
—
1 800
3 300
3 240
* 2 460
* 188
* 134
—
—
—
* 105 000 498 *—
* 100 000 114 *—
* 95 000 229 * 100
* 140 000 292 * 100
* 140 000 365 * 100
2 188
2 612
970
3 965
8 799
USA Brazil China (a) Malaysia Vietnam Australia (b)
Note(s) (1) All the figures in this table are either reported as rare earth oxides or are calculated to rare earth oxide equivalent. (2) Prior to the 2005-2009 edition of this book, a table for the production of 'rare earth minerals' was included rather than the current 'rare earth oxides'. Users should exercise caution when comparing statistics over longer time periods. (3) Although rare earth minerals are believed to be extracted in other countries, there is insufficient evidence to estimate the quantities of contained oxides. (4) Where possible, data are shown against the country where the mineral is mined. (a) Includes production from iron ore extraction, bastnasite concentrates and ion absorption clays (b) Years ending 30 June of that stated
Production of rhenium
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Poland Russia
*0 3 *1
*1 3 *2
*0 5 *2
*0 5 *2
— *5 *2
USA
9
8
7
9
*9
Chile
* 27
* 27
* 27
* 25
* 26
*2 *3 *0
*2 *3 *0
*2 *3 *0
*2 *0 *0
*2 *0 *0
China Kazakhstan Uzbekistan
61
Production of salt Country Albania Sea salt Armenia Austria Rock salt Salt in brine Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Denmark France (a) Germany Rock salt Brine salt Salt in brine Greece Italy Rock salt & brine salt Malta Montenegro Sea salt Netherlands Poland Rock salt Brine salt Other salt Portugal Rock salt Sea salt Romania Russia Serbia Slovenia Spain Rock salt Sea salt Other salt Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Brine salt & sea salt Angola Botswana Djibouti Egypt (b) Eritrea Ethiopia (c) Ghana Guinea Kenya (d) Libya Madagascar Mauritania Mauritius (e) Morocco Mozambique (e) Namibia Niger Senegal South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia (e)
62
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 47 000 35 570
* 47 000 37 798
* 47 000 30 786
* 47 000 39 793
* 47 000 27 392
169 1 150 474 * 5 000 2 617 565 721 046 2 200 000 53 963 * 595 000 * 8 500 000
222 951 591 5 345 2 176 650 743 807 2 100 000 45 992 * 590 000 6 545 600
184 982 551 6 268 2 625 270 727 894 2 000 000 42 502 580 000 7 312 200
245 1 170 168 5 173 1 820 547 791 047 3 300 000 33 039 * 580 000 6 500 000
248 1 052 459 4 743 2 054 288 869 750 3 100 000 51 877 * 580 000 * 6 500 000
8 765 168 2 217 205 * 6 500 000 174 500
5 938 855 2 182 440 * 10 900 000 191 970
8 510 652 2 164 456 7 878 895 189 500
4 928 656 2 133 359 4 075 004 146 402
6 027 873 2 286 769 8 132 675 * 145 000
2 912 128 * 1 000
2 862 440 * 1 000
2 672 340 * 1 000
2 819 824 * 1 000
3 042 474 * 1 000
10 000 6 866 000
16 000 6 513 000
10 000 6 517 000
* 10 000 6 500 000
* 10 000 6 700 000
1 233 800 2 633 300 768 000
782 500 2 732 200 724 000
1 310 500 2 735 500 499 200
763 100 2 705 100 395 000
629 700 2 797 700 406 700
631 295 47 267 2 248 940 373 000 23 334 4 291
520 284 88 693 1 888 516 413 000 16 506 5 684
473 095 91 282 2 127 780 348 000 13 704 3 360
69 702 96 321 2 046 740 361 000 12 994 —
30 008 117 282 2 079 600 723 000 13 202 2 191
3 096 383 1 314 529 92 850 478 324 6 545 546 5 938 000 6 060 000
2 785 959 1 222 060 100 643 492 700 5 254 813 6 181 415 6 460 000
2 973 993 1 221 018 114 829 560 076 5 564 736 5 796 287 6 930 000
2 753 802 1 358 647 157 188 418 389 5 931 945 2 497 706 4 690 000
2 970 054 1 237 070 154 302 476 941 10 994 822 2 136 500 * 4 600 000
245 000 * 40 000 446 525 * 8 000 2 460 462 * 27 000 388 153 * 250 000 * 15 000 24 639 * 20 000 * 85 000 690 4 000 720 814 * 150 000 792 000 * 1 300 258 200 381 177 10 791 32 297 1 180 500
178 000 * 40 000 389 481 * 4 000 2 883 577 * 28 000 320 000 * 250 000 * 15 000 9 980 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 3 800 730 000 * 150 000 810 000 — 237 300 399 135 26 315 34 016 1 131 200
172 900 * 40 000 521 306 * 1 000 2 192 936 * 28 000 318 402 * 250 000 * 15 000 8 895 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 3 800 488 300 * 150 000 651 141 — 243 000 479 024 20 800 36 032 1 146 000
192 982 * 40 000 515 311 * 1 000 1 543 279 * 28 000 320 000 * 250 000 * 15 000 18 936 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 3 500 439 160 * 160 000 339 411 — 244 700 493 828 37 295 54 757 888 000
196 600 * 40 000 404 295 * 1 000 * 1 500 000 * 28 000 * 320 000 * 250 000 * 15 000 21 201 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 1 800 555 760 * 160 000 287 687 — 265 700 520 070 * 38 000 92 152 * 900 000
Production of salt Country Bahamas (f) Bonaire Canada Rock salt Other salt (g) Cuba Dominican Republic (a) El Salvador (e) Guatemala (e) Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua (e) Panama (e) USA (h) Rock salt Salt in brine Evaporated salt Argentina Bolivia Brazil Rock salt Sea salt Chile Colombia Rock salt Sea salt Ecuador Peru Venezuela (e) Afghanistan Bangladesh (b) Burma (i) Cambodia (e)(j) China India (i) Sea salt Other salt Indonesia Iran (k) Iraq Israel (e) Japan (i) Jordan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kuwait Laos Lebanon Mongolia Oman Pakistan (b) Rock salt Sea salt (d) Philippines (e) Saudi Arabia Rock salt & brine salt Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Rock salt Other salt
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
713 138 * 300 000
659 671 * 400 000
956 789 * 400 000
1 493 308 * 400 000
962 486 * 400 000
11 629 830 994 718 280 800 * 50 000 98 200 * 50 000 * 40 000 14 001 9 361 454 * 30 000 16 577
9 820 792 1 023 832 215 900 * 50 000 103 100 * 60 000 * 40 000 14 587 10 100 935 * 30 000 15 596
11 223 829 986 253 222 400 * 50 000 * 100 000 * 60 000 * 40 000 14 166 10 126 601 * 30 000 27 197
13 173 990 995 546 243 300 * 50 000 * 100 000 * 60 000 * 40 000 * 14 000 10 520 508 * 30 000 25 660
13 312 076 974 035 284 900 * 50 000 * 100 000 * 60 000 * 40 000 * 14 000 9 193 963 * 30 000 23 294
19 360 000 16 720 000 7 920 000
13 392 000 17 484 000 6 324 000
14 508 000 19 223 000 6 851 000
15 876 000 20 727 000 7 497 000
* 17 280 000 * 22 560 000 * 8 160 000
1 888 676 1 300
1 843 975 1 905
* 1 800 000 2 262
* 1 800 000 * 2 200
* 2 000 000 2 216
1 335 454 4 829 275 9 966 038
1 403 364 6 078 507 8 057 130
1 349 411 5 926 042 6 576 960
1 451 051 6 050 000 10 553 440
* 1 450 000 * 6 000 000 11 831 116
305 706 116 265 * 75 000 1 468 266 * 350 000
308 547 211 721 * 75 000 1 242 765 * 350 000
319 184 113 226 * 75 000 1 205 435 * 350 000
340 263 105 577 * 75 000 1 175 157 * 350 000
338 804 78 634 * 75 000 1 471 131 * 350 000
5 000 1 409 239 162 319 * 95 000 67 421 600
5 250 1 430 329 207 261 * 80 000 69 117 800
5 550 1 438 805 169 109 * 85 000 73 676 000
5 680 1 460 698 187 616 * 85 000 70 497 100
* 5 700 * 1 461 000 129 478 * 85 000 59 750 000
18 188 300 3 990 800 * 650 000 2 714 735 136 007 399 649 978 000 — 364 222 372 230 * 500 000 * 50 000 35 100 * 15 000 2 183 12 400
19 205 600 5 341 300 * 700 000 2 961 952 143 441 414 984 925 000 32 000 463 960 308 847 * 500 000 * 50 000 47 600 * 15 000 2 461 12 800
17 517 000 5 502 300 * 720 000 3 269 439 181 928 442 417 929 000 * 32 000 519 188 421 259 * 500 000 * 50 000 50 000 * 15 000 * 2 100 11 800
21 022 100 5 865 000 * 720 000 3 517 536 * 182 000 459 742 928 000 * 32 000 596 508 303 510 * 500 000 * 50 000 51 000 * 15 000 * 2 100 12 900
21 516 000 6 126 800 * 720 000 * 3 500 000 * 182 000 333 317 938 000 * 32 000 608 627 342 844 * 500 000 * 50 000 * 51 000 * 15 000 * 2 100 12 600
1 953 711 286 697 720 146
2 135 760 292 135 774 815
2 159 939 297 047 992 640
2 220 347 254 985 * 993 000
2 136 361 205 454 * 993 000
1 864 000 ... * 80 000 104 854 26 994
1 611 000 * 100 000 * 40 000 70 750 27 954
1 900 000 * 100 000 * 20 000 80 966 32 062
1 990 000 * 100 000 * 10 000 81 893 36 348
2 080 000 * 100 000 * 5 000 78 301 35 704
1 359 493 * 100 000
1 363 539 * 100 000
1 300 156 * 100 000
1 381 067 * 100 000
1 385 911 * 100 000
63
Production of salt
tonnes (metric)
Country Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen, Republic of Australia New Zealand World total
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 215 000 * 60 000 862 000 * 70 000
* 220 000 * 60 000 776 400 * 75 000
* 225 000 * 60 000 718 100 * 75 000
* 230 000 * 60 000 905 600 * 50 000
* 230 000 * 60 000 991 000 * 50 000
12 849 548 70 000
13 167 372 88 000
13 503 763 55 000
13 574 000 65 000
11 904 000 101 000
288 400 000
281 400 000
289 600 000
286 600 000
289 600 000
Note(s) (1) This table does not include production of refined salt. (2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which statistics are not available. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
Salt; all forms Years ended 30 June of that stated Years ended 7 July of that stated Lake salt Sea salt Exports Including salt in brine Sold or used by producers Years ended 31 March following that stated Seasons beginning in November and ending in May of the year stated. Years ended 20 March following that stated
Production of refined selenium
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Armenia Belgium Finland Germany (a) Poland Russia Serbia Sweden
14 * 200 86 * 700 85 126 13 * 20
17 * 200 93 * 650 90 115 13 * 20
20 * 200 72 * 700 80 114 16 * 20
* 20 * 200 94 * 700 90 131 * 16 * 20
* 20 * 200 93 * 700 87 143 * 16 * 20
Canada Mexico USA
35 95 * 170
144 95 * 130
159 132 * 150
154 120 * 160
154 107 * 90
90 54
70 42
70 50
41 49
* 50 * 50
* 65 809 * 130 * 65 * 20
65 820 * 130 * 70 * 20
65 739 * 130 * 70 * 20
65 782 * 130 * 70 * 20
* 65 772 * 130 * 70 * 20
Chile Peru China Japan Kazakhstan Philippines Uzbekistan
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Iran, the Republic of Korea and Zimbabwe are believed to produce refined selenium. (a) Includes selenium produced from imported material
64
Production of sillimanite minerals Country France Andalusite
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 65 000
* 68 000
* 68 000
* 68 000
* 68 000
Madagascar South Africa Andalusite
—
4 500
4 500
* 4 500
* 4 500
* 295 000
* 265 000
* 270 000
* 270 000
* 270 000
USA Kyanite (a)
98 000
99 000
110 000
* 110 000
* 110 000
Brazil Kyanite (b)
* 200
* 200
* 200
* 200
* 200
4 064 59 206
1 048 43 736
3 679 67 265
6 255 66 273
2 901 70 447
25
29
19
12
7
India Kyanite (c) Sillimanite (c) Nepal Kyanite (d)
Note(s) (1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but details of output are not reported. (2) In addition to the countries listed above as producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is believed to be produced in Brazil, Germany and Hungary (3) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also exists in China, India, Japan, the USA and the United Kingdom but output is believed to be zero. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Including related minerals Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ending 15 July of that stated
Mine production of silver Country Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Finland Greece Greenland Ireland, Republic of Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russia (a) Serbia (a) Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom Algeria Botswana Burkina Faso Congo, Democratic Republic Eritrea Ethiopia (b) Ghana
kilograms (metal content) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
16 100 4 175 * 55 000 11 160 * 33 300 9 6 109 30 000 1 167 000 28 027 * 18 000 1 134 000 7 380 330 29 900 301 959 246 500 531
14 000 626 * 55 000 10 479 * 39 800 27 9 454 * 31 000 1 149 000 29 890 * 18 000 1 399 600 8 388 441 32 943 309 337 193 890 230
14 083 2 051 * 55 000 14 226 39 759 *3 7 822 * 32 000 1 161 114 40 621 * 18 000 1 412 100 5 800 508 * 31 000 341 346 189 600 82
13 295 970 * 55 000 12 830 35 785 — 6 436 * 33 000 1 384 000 43 172 * 18 000 1 334 300 8 600 437 * 31 000 382 611 183 880 —
14 344 890 * 55 000 13 051 36 000 *— 3 770 * 33 000 1 407 000 41 337 * 18 000 1 571 000 7 500 532 27 300 479 686 * 190 000 —
70 — — 9 187 4 417 715 * 3 900
42 8 700 — 12 342 29 922 * 2 400 * 3 900
27 22 597 31 436 60 431 15 799 * 1 400 * 3 900
16 22 288 25 520 6 485 47 398 * 1 000 * 3 900
— 2 801 29 000 2 401 38 910 * 1 000 * 4 000
65
Mine production of silver
kilograms (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
98 186 090 1 841 197 73 180 * 700 13 524
410 170 340 * 1 450 329 67 304 * 700 11 227
572 194 077 1 401 110 68 777 * 700 11 014
585 188 538 1 129 67 37 268 * 1 000 14 493
587 216 383 877 119 38 824 * 1 000 15 820
Canada Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua USA
661 089 18 169 273 058 50 634 4 777 710 7 927 1 122 300
685 255 27 296 204 681 51 896 5 358 195 10 207 1 055 300
640 362 78 228 281 331 50 916 5 821 001 13 745 1 037 000
495 403 127 712 858 349 58 826 5 765 662 13 587 1 183 900
379 646 91 928 862 814 34 369 5 591 510 18 200 * 1 100 000
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru
702 000 1 215 586 15 238 1 291 272 24 045 1 589 3 418 862
750 000 1 206 000 20 145 1 194 521 19 368 2 934 3 480 587
774 470 1 287 200 22 427 1 173 845 13 968 1 198 3 674 283
905 100 1 345 022 25 381 1 571 788 11 498 577 3 777 800
1 079 300 1 306 098 * 25 000 1 504 271 10 155 122 903 4 102 113
China India (c) Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Malaysia Mongolia Philippines Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Thailand Uzbekistan
3 231 626 207 144 227 173 * 40 000 4 486 650 649 2 649 * 50 000 17 976 459 19 107 45 530 5 839 1 800 16 423 * 60 000
3 639 100 374 046 247 827 * 40 000 3 536 963 182 2 925 * 50 000 20 221 1 628 19 118 49 211 5 500 1 800 32 047 * 60 000
3 670 210 349 774 123 109 * 35 000 3 644 963 580 3 897 * 50 000 32 262 361 29 332 40 043 4 158 1 800 32 381 * 60 000
3 499 114 327 647 119 189 34 945 3 541 989 247 3 289 * 50 000 39 823 533 39 160 23 005 4 888 1 700 29 216 * 60 000
3 393 363 426 443 151 934 * 35 000 4 616 1 308 926 4 600 * 50 000 51 764 945 48 989 29 780 5 530 * 2 700 26 438 * 60 000
Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands
1 725 006 418 14 324 90 055 592
1 726 933 342 5 630 81 332 902
1 839 782 462 11 223 89 666 685
1 846 848 361 15 811 81 096 280
1 373 798 354 12 498 44 588 —
23 374 000
25 003 000
25 989 000
27 203 000
27 511 000
Ivory Coast Morocco Namibia Niger South Africa Sudan Tanzania
World total
Note(s) (a) Smelter and/or refinery production (b) Years ended 7 July of that stated (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated
66
Production of natural sodium carbonate Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 749 068
1 852 817
1 665 077
1 828 167
1 854 290
257 851 3 650 499 100
248 629 * 5 000 449 269
227 913 * 5 000 468 215
268 529 * 6 000 409 845
243 369 6 000 295 417
10 700 000
11 100 000
11 500 000
11 700 000
* 11 700 000
Turkey Botswana Ethiopia (a) Kenya USA
tonnes (metric)
Note(s) (a) Years ended 7 July of that stated
Production of strontium minerals Country
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Spain
97 102
96 888
90 972
128 077
110 765
Mexico
40 669
46 190
67 778
64 931
48 845
1 056
22 750
* 5 000
* 10 000
* 10 000
* 200 000 76 000
* 190 000 188 790
* 180 000 46 240
* 190 000 41 050
* 180 000 * 190 000
Argentina (a) China Iran (b)
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany is believed to produce strontium minerals (a) May contain unbeneficiated material (b) Years ended 20 March following that stated
Production of sulphur and pyrites Country Austria Recovered (a) Belarus Recovered (a) Belgium Recovered (b)(a) Bosnia & Herzegovina Recovered Bulgaria Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Croatia Recovered (a) Czech Republic Recovered (a) Denmark Recovered (a)
tonnes (sulphur content)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
48 612
47 572
45 442
44 560
* 44 000
45 625
58 322
58 343
70 379
72 038
396 500
382 100
396 900
* 400 000
* 400 000
4 648
4 473
4 568
4 513
4 138
411 800 50 000
375 800 55 000
392 200 60 000
* 392 000 * 60 000
* 392 000 60 000
14 725
17 411
15 902
19 384
17 540
35 000
35 000
35 000
* 35 000
* 35 000
3 045
3 925
3 599
4 435
93 024
67
Production of sulphur and pyrites Country Finland Pyrites Recovered (b) Recovered (a) France Recovered (a) Recovered (c) Germany Recovered (a) Recovered (c) Greece Recovered (a) Hungary Recovered (a) Italy Recovered Recovered (a) Lithuania Recovered (a) Netherlands Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Norway Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Poland Frasch Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Portugal Recovered Romania Recovered Russia Pyrites Recovered (a) Recovered (c) Sulphur ore Serbia Recovered (b) Slovakia Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Spain Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Sweden Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Turkey Pyrites Recovered (a)(c) Sulphur ore Ukraine Sulphur ore United Kingdom Recovered (a) Algeria Recovered (a) Egypt Recovered (a) Libya Recovered (a) Morocco Recovered
68
tonnes (sulphur content)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
338 000 319 971 133 300
375 000 329 831 121 700
347 000 315 958 130 000
353 000 336 168 * 130 000
353 000 348 640 * 130 000
505 000 78 400
440 000 78 400
370 000 78 400
* 370 000 * 78 400
* 370 000 * 78 400
874 639 542 210
798 257 493 169
754 540 464 776
708 146 437 677
627 797 383 894
214 943
227 197
228 000
227 140
161 050
60 000
65 000
58 000
* 54 000
* 54 000
(b) 65 400 620 000
(b) 58 800 540 000
(b) 40 200 510 000
... (d) 740 000
... (d)* 740 000
76 699
73 040
81 449
76 594
84 001
120 900 470 000
117 600 450 000
120 900 430 000
* 120 000 * 410 000
* 107 000 * 400 000
37 531 19 000
78 789 20 000
77 329 22 000
76 772 * 22 000
76 384 * 22 000
657 100 273 000 23 000
702 190 267 000 25 000
526 290 260 000 24 300
605 420 * 260 000 24 200
627 600 * 280 000 23 820
20 500
20 600
* 21 000
* 21 000
* 21 000
55 600
50 000
60 000
* 47 000
* 46 000
* 71 000 6 557 000 897 100 * 50 000
* 71 000 6 482 300 919 300 * 50 000
* 71 000 6 091 700 954 200 * 50 000
* 71 000 * 6 092 000 * 954 000 * 50 000
* 71 000 * 6 092 000 * 954 000 * 50 000
27 800
29 700
29 400
* 29 400
* 29 400
4 900 83 300
4 900 76 200
4 900 85 300
* 4 900 * 85 300
* 4 900 * 85 300
490 200 520 000
578 400 545 000
539 200 515 000
* 539 000 * 515 000
* 539 000 * 515 000
211 280 92 973
198 850 93 442
194 938 64 587
205 616 86 538
192 499 95 172
56 780 72 900 3 820
52 080 72 900 5 889
45 348 * 72 900 8 069
42 849 * 72 900 —
22 271 * 72 900 823
102 000
140 000
120 000
* 120 000
* 120 000
165 000
158 000
145 000
134 000
135 000
16 200
10 400
10 000
* 10 000
* 10 000
80 000
60 000
80 000
* 80 000
* 80 000
30 000
(e) 138 200
(e) 133 500
(e) 143 000
* 130 000
45 000
60 000
60 000
* 60 000
* 60 000
Production of sulphur and pyrites Country South Africa Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Zambia Recovered (b) Aruba Recovered Canada Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Cuba Recovered (a) Mexico Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Trinidad & Tobago Recovered (a) USA Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Argentina Recovered (b) Brazil Pyrites Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Chile Recovered (b) Colombia Recovered (a) Sulphur ore Ecuador Recovered (a)(f) Peru Recovered (d) Venezuela Recovered (a) Bahrain Recovered (a) China Pyrites Recovered Sulphur ore India Recovered (b)(g) Recovered (a) Indonesia Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Iran Recovered (d) Iraq Recovered (a) Israel Recovered (a) Japan Recovered (b)(h) Recovered (a) Jordan Recovered (a) Kazakhstan Recovered (b) Recovered (a)
tonnes (sulphur content)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
174 000 163 000
133 000 124 000
* 130 000 * 120 000
* 130 000 * 120 000
* 144 000 * 133 000
228 800
261 400
* 262 000
* 265 000
* 300 000
43 653
16 408
—
*—
*—
638 000 5 970 000
665 000 5 594 000
677 000 5 624 000
590 000 5 252 000
568 000 5 210 000
15 000
18 000
20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
522 900 959 488
555 600 1 010 875
555 600 1 030 259
* 556 000 992 939
* 556 000 953 509
20 000
15 000
10 000
* 15 000
* 15 000
720 000 8 230 000
586 000 8 410 000
616 000 8 600 000
587 000 9 040 000
* 575 000 * 8 720 000
* 23 000
* 23 000
* 23 000
* 23 000
* 23 000
17 744 322 120 170 136
21 746 274 693 222 561
17 581 * 324 405 218 014
18 827 286 754 239 970
* 20 000 * 290 000 * 240 000
1 680 224
1 724 042
1 770 574
1 849 250
1 488 326
6 375 58 073
7 138 63 790
5 969 52 470
6 222 48 513
8 170 76 239
5 000
7 000
5 000
* 5 000
* 5 000
539 200
503 600
555 600
* 556 000
* 556 000
420 000
465 000
415 000
* 420 000
* 420 000
125 648
* 120 181
* 120 000
* 120 000
* 120 000
6 964 300 7 026 100 4 000 000
7 464 300 7 228 700 4 660 000
7 703 600 7 516 300 4 975 000
* 7 700 000 * 7 500 000 * 5 000 000
* 7 700 000 * 7 500 000 * 5 000 000
1 138 000 * 1 600 000
1 113 000 * 1 600 000
* 1 200 000 * 1 600 000
* 1 200 000 * 1 600 000
* 1 200 000 * 1 600 000
215 700 120 000
225 500 120 000
163 400 120 000
* 160 000 * 120 000
* 160 000 * 120 000
1 780 000
1 890 000
1 890 000
2 100 000
* 2 100 000
140 000
250 000
190 000
* 190 000
* 190 000
50 000
61 009
65 000
61 009
71 627
1 626 500 1 755 329
1 755 600 1 747 246
1 685 700 1 778 963
1 751 694 1 750 938
1 687 571 1 733 338
502 000
460 000
486 000
* 490 000
* 490 000
549 000 2 311 000
588 200 2 150 500
604 600 2 452 700
* 604 000 2 464 600
* 604 000 2 514 900
69
Production of sulphur and pyrites Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 078 400 1 350 000
1 078 400 1 525 000
1 078 400 1 600 000
* 1 078 000 1 200 000
* 1 078 000 1 450 000
743 000
844 300
850 000
* 850 000
* 850 000
36 000
59 000
51 000
* 50 000
* 50 000
27 645
25 560
20 610
35 672
19 730
169 000 45 000
88 200 45 000
169 900 45 000
* 169 900 * 45 000
* 169 900 * 45 000
1 655 937
1 843 982
1 978 862
* 1 754 000
* 1 665 000
3 300 000
4 092 000
3 900 000
* 3 800 000
* 3 800 000
300 000
330 000
300 000
* 300 000
* 300 000
60 000
20 000
* 6 000
* 3 000
* 1 500
219 975
231 296
192 292
195 280
211 219
45 800 200 000
45 800 210 000
45 800 220 000
* 45 800 * 210 000
* 45 800 * 210 000
200 000
240 000
400 000
* 410 000
* 410 000
1 875 000
2 200 000
2 510 000
* 2 530 000
* 2 530 000
124 800 362 000
130 700 360 000
130 700 385 000
* 131 000 * 385 000
* 131 000 * 385 000
931 400 60 000
882 400 60 000
817 000 50 000
* 800 000 * 50 000
* 800 000 * 50 000
35 000
32 700
35 000
* 35 000
* 35 000
7 400 000 700 000 67 400 000 4 200 000
8 000 000 700 000 68 900 000 4 900 000
8 200 000 500 000 69 700 000 5 200 000
8 200 000 600 000 69 300 000 5 200 000
8 200 000 600 000 68 600 000 5 200 000
Korea (Rep. of) Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Kuwait Recovered (a) Oman Recovered (a) Pakistan Recovered (i) Philippines Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Qatar Recovered (a) Saudi Arabia Recovered (a) Singapore Recovered (a) Syria Recovered (a) Taiwan Recovered Thailand Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Turkmenistan Recovered (a) United Arab Emirates Recovered (a) Uzbekistan Recovered (b) Recovered (a) Australia Recovered (b) Recovered (a) New Zealand Recovered (a) World total Pyrites Frasch Recovered Sulphur ore
tonnes (sulphur content)
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed Dem. P.R. of Korea may also produce pyrites and may recover sulphur from metal processing (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
70
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas From metal sulphide processing Other Sulphur; all forms Exports Including frasch Years ended 31 March following that stated Including S content of sulphur ore Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of talc Country Austria Finland France Italy Macedonia Norway Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Spain Talc Pyrophyllite Sweden Turkey Talc Pyrophyllite United Kingdom
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
132 018 429 494 400 000 140 000 547 8 191 15 462 131 * 150 000 7 000
134 665 396 332 350 000 140 000 286 7 983 15 131 13 * 150 000 2 000
134 814 361 840 350 000 162 234 — 8 459 11 348 — * 150 000 10 000
131 108 380 821 350 000 * 165 000 — * 8 000 14 942 — * 150 000 3 000
122 306 332 174 * 350 000 * 165 000 — * 8 000 11 204 — * 150 000 1 000
11 957 5 600 3 000
8 857 *— —
*— — —
*— — —
*— — —
9 959 115 462 3 708
14 537 85 251 3 667
1 132 101 872 2 947
5 048 109 366 4 907
9 681 172 681 5 430
12 934
21 516
63 358
31 066
* 30 000
Egypt (a) Morocco Talc Pyrophyllite South Africa Talc Pyrophyllite
516 4 613
200 —
— —
— —
— —
4 453 121 368
4 765 18 734
4 924 17 336
4 827 18 900
4 569 16 801
Canada Guatemala Mexico USA
147 000 3 273 51 221 616 000
154 000 2 449 463 214 515 000
175 000 3 253 846 813 542 000
81 000 3 368 752 077 610 000
164 000 3 779 * 750 000 * 633 000
Argentina (b) Brazil (b) Colombia (b) Peru Talc Pyrophyllite Uruguay
24 379 443 533 —
23 576 459 539 —
* 25 000 592 844 90
* 25 000 644 478 * 100
* 25 000 * 650 000 * 100
28 296 — 54 880
31 559 30 399 370
32 899 31 678 710
28 847 17 859 360
26 781 26 209 590
8 562 2 000 000
16 063 * 2 100 000
9 584 * 2 200 000
12 601 * 2 200 000
3 592 * 2 200 000
255 891 998 438 80 000
247 968 971 778 116 087
224 677 887 925 93 116
147 431 774 281 112 500
* 140 000 * 770 000 * 100 000
* 24 000 * 350 000
* 25 000 * 340 000
* 25 000 * 340 000
* 25 000 * 340 000
* 25 000 345 000
15 068 510 708 * 50 000 3 556 47 561
21 625 483 133 * 50 000 6 935 55 515
2 808 524 881 * 50 000 5 140 93 214
5 484 622 865 * 50 000 5 703 89 022
6 371 596 860 * 50 000 3 183 116 223
8 000 659
6 000 778
6 000 362
7 000 133
8 000 162
2 304 5 300
5 856 35 000
7 880 26 820
8 208 49 100
6 768 45 500
* 16 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
Bhutan China India Pyrophyllite (c) Steatite (c) Iran (d) Japan Talc Pyrophyllite Korea (Rep. of) Talc Pyrophyllite Korea, Dem. P.R. of Nepal (e) Pakistan (a) Saudi Arabia Pyrophyllite Taiwan Thailand Talc Pyrophyllite Vietnam Pyrophyllite
71
Production of talc Country Australia (a) World total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
99 000
135 000
* 104 000
* 115 000
* 80 000
7 400 000
7 700 000
8 200 000
8 200 000
8 200 000
Note(s) (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated (b) Including talc, agalmatolite and pyrophyllite (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated (d) Years ended 20 March following that stated (e) Years ended 15 July of that stated
Production of tantalum and niobium minerals Country Russia Nb content Ta content Burundi Columbite-tantalite Congo, Democratic Republic Columbite-tantalite Ethiopia Tantalite (a) Madagascar Columbite Mozambique Tantalite Nigeria Tantalite Columbite Rwanda Columbite-tantalite Canada Pyrochlore Tantalite Nb content Bolivia Tantalite Brazil Pyrochlore Columbite-tantalite Nb content China Columbite-tantalite Malaysia Struverite Australia Tantalite World total concentrates (b) Nb content Ta content See the following page for notes
72
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
431 27
450 31
511 32
581 40
628 32
159
259
74
106
53
383
586
500
1 140
2 102
95
91
10
40
* 40
8
*8
*8
*8
*8
39
83
43
23
* 20
64 22
63 22
60 21
* 60 * 22
* 60 * 22
829
* 1 100
* 2 500
2 303
1 652
* 10 800 — 4 532
* 10 900 — 4 819
* 12 300 121 4 910
* 13 000 — 5 480
* 11 600 — 5 753
—
—
—
—
1
* 243 000 * 240 102 167
* 268 000 * 210 112 631
* 250 000 * 329 104 939
* 280 000 * 210 117 424
* 250 000 * 200 104 858
* 240
* 260
* 240
* 240
* 240
110
262
190
255
86
* 240
* 100
—
—
—
363 000 108 100 700
399 000 118 500 800
376 000 111 300 1 000
420 000 124 600 1 100
377 000 112 400 1 100
Production of tantalum and niobium minerals Note(s) (1) Niobium and tantalum minerals are believed to be produced in Namibia and South Africa. (2) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of tantalum and niobium concentrates, except where otherwise indicated. (3) Tantalum is also recovered from tin slags and is believed to have accounted for approximately 20% of raw material supplied. (a) Years ended 7 July of that stated (b) Excluding Russia
Production of refined tellurium
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia Sweden
37 —
30 7
31 24
33 31
34 33
Canada USA
6 * 50
11 * 50
12 * 50
9 * 50
9 * 50
*7 47
7 43
7 31
7 32
*7 34
China Japan
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany and Belgium are believed to produce refined tellurium
73
Mine production of tin
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Portugal Russia Spain
39 75 9
42 249 69
84 156 0
75 321 —
42 360 —
Burundi Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Niger Nigeria Rwanda Tanzania Uganda
41 10 229 ... 10 1 406 7 986 22 0
92 10 439 — 1 2 408 3 477 68 0
24 3 427 69 8 2 516 3 671 118 19
59 4 012 85 5 2 485 4 447 59 33
56 4 566 3 8 2 298 2 885 62 135
Bolivia Brazil Peru (a)
20 373 10 725 28 882
19 702 13 667 26 105
19 287 16 830 23 668
19 791 25 534 23 105
20 135 * 25 000 19 511
* 2 100 127 400 37 * 97 400 337 3 340 42 282 * 5 400
* 2 100 115 700 36 * 101 000 521 3 725 (c)* 54 199 * 5 400
* 9 000 149 000 26 * 88 000 579 3 697 (c)* 60 132 * 5 400
* 26 000 158 000 19 * 70 000 868 3 777 (c)* 60 156 * 5 400
* 43 000 135 000 10 * 70 000 815 4 158 (c)* 3 72 * 5 400
14 014
6 158
6 472
7 207
7 158
330 000
311 000
332 000
351 000
341 000
Burma China India (b) Indonesia Laos Malaysia Mongolia Thailand Vietnam Australia World total Note(s) (a) Recoverable (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Estimate based on reported exports
74
Smelter production of tin
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Belgium Poland Russia
10 008 82 726
11 350 1 375 900
10 346 1 900 800
9 718 2 253 —
8 788 2 171 —
Rwanda
—
—
—
—
0
14 518 9 382 32 290
14 280 11 955 24 811
14 863 14 721 24 181
15 439 22 334 24 460
15 464 * 22 000 20 396
China India (b) Indonesia Japan Malaysia Thailand Vietnam
155 499 23 * 73 000 947 40 267 23 944 * 3 900
147 863 14 * 79 800 1 133 37 792 22 992 * 4 800
159 601 23 * 63 000 1 786 32 668 23 087 * 5 500
187 094 9 * 63 800 1 746 34 971 16 661 * 5 500
166 900 — * 69 800 1 688 30 209 10 502 * 5 500
World total
365 000
359 000
352 000
384 000
353 000
Bolivia (a) Brazil Peru
Note(s) (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary metal. (2) In addition to the countries listed, many countries produce small amounts of secondary metal. (a) Refined, including alloys (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
Production of titanium minerals Country Norway Ilmenite Russia Ilmenite Ukraine Ilmenite Rutile Burundi Egypt Ilmenite Kenya Ilmenite Rutile Madagascar Ilmenite Rutile Mozambique Ilmenite Rutile Senegal Ilmenite Leucoxene Sierra Leone Ilmenite Rutile South Africa Ilmenite (a) Rutile
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
870 000
830 614
826 126
863 660
630 323
63 490
125 095
150 458
178 426
193 236
* 600 000 * 100 000
* 600 000 * 100 000
* 600 000 * 100 000
* 600 000 * 100 000
* 600 000 * 100 000
21
—
—
—
*—
*—
*—
* 20 000
*—
*—
— —
— —
— —
281 543 52 465
444 999 78 947
511 000 * 9 300
562 000 * 11 000
562 000 * 12 000
334 000 * 10 700
* 200 000 * 11 000
636 800 6 500
574 500 5 100
720 100 4 000
854 600 6 100
763 500 6 000
— —
— —
— —
100 590 (e) 663
427 690 (e) 5 311
14 576 67 970
21 400 94 490
32 350 120 350
35 839 115 078
48 420 * 123 000
* 1 369 000 133 000
* 1 203 000 * 141 000
* 1 070 000 * 734 000
* 1 105 000 * 133 000
* 1 000 000 * 130 000
75
Production of titanium minerals Country Canada Ilmenite (a)(b) USA Brazil Ilmenite Rutile China Ilmenite India Ilmenite (c) Rutile (c) Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Ilmenite Malaysia Ilmenite Rutile Sri Lanka Ilmenite Rutile Vietnam Ilmenite Australia Ilmenite (d) Rutile (d) Leucoxene (d) World total Ilmenite (wt of concs) Rutile (wt of concs) All forms (TiO2 content)
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* 2 500 000 * 300 000
* 2 700 000 * 300 000
* 2 800 000 * 200 000
* 2 500 000 * 100 000
* 1 900 000 * 100 000
68 804 2 350
69 071 1 881
78 264 2 021
81 278 1 834
* 80 000 * 2 000
* 1 700 000
* 1 600 000
* 1 700 000
* 1 600 000
* 1 600 000
718 612 20 225 * 17 000
738 524 16 527 * 17 000
721 959 13 459 * 17 000
* 720 000 * 13 000 * 17 000
* 720 000 * 13 000 * 17 000
183 463
201 976
229 723
240 892
204 082
28 782 10 810
22 275 20 008
16 043 5 983
8 159 3 069
5 814 198
68 085 1 970
44 707 1 590
42 685 1 406
32 972 2 111
39 439 1 808
760 000
978 300
1 025 800
558 000
282 200
1 275 400 466 700 200 000
1 331 400 439 600 228 000
1 313 800 250 400 225 500
1 138 000 340 700 241 000
1 005 230 294 600 246 000
11 700 000 800 000 * 6 400 000
11 900 000 800 000 * 6 500 000
12 100 000 1 200 000 * 7 000 000
11 300 000 800 000 * 6 300 000
10 300 000 800 000 * 5 800 000
Note(s) (1) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates. (2) Some ilmenite is converted to synthetic rutile in Australia, India, Japan and USA. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
76
It is believed that the majority of this is processed into slag. Canada produces some ilmenite which is sold as such and not processed into slag, but tonnages are small Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated Including natural rutile
Mine production of tungsten
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Austria Portugal (a) Russia Spain United Kingdom
861 818 3 380 337 —
706 763 3 451 393 —
851 692 2 982 487 —
830 671 2 659 822 —
870 474 * 2 700 835 195
306 23 726 6
342 37 1 388 13
7 60 1 344 44
30 8 1 313 48
12 55 1 081 28
2 368
2 505
2 762
2 689
2 114
859 244 546
953 381 365
957 494 35
956 510 77
1 116 * 500 139
* 140 61 802 * 110 * 100 13 181 * 300 —
* 130 62 009 * 100 * 100 42 85 * 300 —
* 140 64 895 * 60 * 100 — 161 * 300 —
* 140 65 369 * 70 * 100 — 110 * 300 4 134
* 90 * 65 000 * 70 * 100 — 39 * 300 5 123
17
31
33
13
25
73 100
74 100
76 400
80 800
80 900
Burundi Congo, Democratic Republic Rwanda Uganda Canada Bolivia Brazil (b) Peru Burma (c) China Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Thailand (a) Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia World total
Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, the USA is known to produce tungsten (a) Wolframite and scheelite (b) Mainly scheelite (c) Including tungsten content of tin-wolframite concentrates
77
Mine production of uranium
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Czech Republic Germany Romania Russia Ukraine
252 52 * 77 2 993 * 890
222 50 * 90 2 862 * 960
232 27 * 80 3 135 * 922
165 33 * 77 2 990 * 926
134 — * 77 3 055 * 1 200
Malawi Namibia Niger South Africa
785 3 262 4 159 556
1 102 4 500 4 821 467
1 133 4 328 4 277 531
369 3 311 4 156 566
— 2 950 4 116 448
Canada USA
9 145 1 537
8 998 1 596
9 331 1 794
9 101 1 884
13 324 1 287
265
231
192
231
40
* 885 * 400 19 451 * 45 * 3 000
* 1 500 * 385 21 317 * 45 * 3 000
* 1 500 * 385 22 567 * 45 * 2 400
* 1 500 * 385 23 127 * 45 * 2 400
1 616 * 385 23 800 * 45 * 2 385
5 961
7 022
6 370
5 634
5 655
53 700 63 400
59 200 69 800
59 300 70 000
56 900 67 100
60 500 71 400
Brazil China India Kazakhstan Pakistan Uzbekistan Australia World total World total (U3O8 equivalent)
Note(s) (1) Excluding uranium production from decommissioning operations
Mine production of vanadium Country
tonnes (metal content) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia
12 860
14 856
14 403
15 125
16 196
South Africa
21 652
19 957
* 14 000
* 10 000
* 10 000
590
106
591
—
*—
—
—
—
578
3 254
* 36 400 * 1 000
* 40 000 * 1 000
* 44 000 * 1 000
* 45 000 * 1 000
* 42 000 * 1 000
73 000
76 000
74 000
72 000
72 000
USA Brazil China Kazakhstan World total
Note(s) (1) This table includes vanadium in slag products but excludes vanadium recovered as a by-product of the refining and burning of heavy oils.
78
Production of vermiculite
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Bulgaria Russia Turkey
* 15 000 * 30 000 ...
* 18 600 * 30 000 ...
* 18 600 * 30 000 1 604
* 18 000 * 30 000 716
* 18 000 * 30 000 425
Egypt Kenya South Africa Uganda Zimbabwe
2 093 515 170 571 6 882 7 228
* 2 500 457 132 886 4 165 21 625
2 743 400 127 658 243 28 808
*— 840 143 007 *— * 30 000
*— 410 138 290 801 * 40 000
241 * 100 000
500 * 100 000
425 * 100 000
226 * 100 000
* 200 * 100 000
1 000 54 970
* 320 51 986
* 1 000 60 379
* 1 000 56 444
* 1 000 * 60 000
* 15 000 10 194 * 6 200
* 15 000 7 947 * 6 200
* 15 000 11 851 * 6 200
* 15 000 19 336 * 6 000
* 15 000 23 267 * 6 000
8 297
9 256
9 091
—
—
Mexico USA (a) Argentina Brazil China India (b) Japan Australia (c) Note(s) (a) Sold or used by producers (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of wollastonite
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Finland Spain
11 500 7 417
* 11 500 10 918
* 11 500 16 738
* 10 000 15 298
* 10 000 17 700
Canada Mexico USA
— 47 523 * 70 000
— 55 204 * 70 000
— 57 302 * 70 000
3 000 54 579 * 70 000
5 500 57 451 * 70 000
China India (a)
745 000 184 445
* 750 000 145 667
* 750 000 192 712
* 1 100 000 186 524
* 1 000 000 175 348
—
—
—
—
2 428
Australia (b) Note(s) (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
79
Mine production of zinc
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9 353 6 862 (a) 10 977 64 115 21 200 344 000 2 872 28 132 * 3 300 87 200 4 227 * 8 800 197 000 3 100 103 33 197 194 021 158 057
9 729 7 600 (a) 12 116 52 200 20 800 337 500 3 818 28 037 4 677 76 700 30 006 * 8 400 189 000 6 000 134 28 634 188 325 195 793
9 570 9 100 (a) 13 902 41 124 22 549 326 700 4 983 30 907 5 487 75 000 53 382 * 2 000 193 000 5 800 190 30 428 176 582 195 025
8 825 8 100 11 872 46 100 23 085 282 600 5 514 31 570 7 200 56 000 67 378 * 3 300 192 000 7 100 176 26 756 221 841 210 152
6 791 8 800 15 616 25 332 13 174 236 300 3 986 29 150 7 068 53 000 61 921 * 3 000 201 000 4 400 200 41 765 246 983 173 589
Burkina Faso Congo, Democratic Republic Morocco Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tunisia
— 7 379 45 065 192 500 3 100 36 629 600
— 5 300 46 441 193 600 13 800 37 034 7 400
23 713 6 057 41 625 188 402 7 000 30 145 7 700
76 290 6 369 45 412 173 370 7 000 26 141 7 400
72 792 6 301 53 747 123 672 14 200 29 040 —
Canada Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico USA
622 600 — — 26 000 631 859 768 900
641 134 — 442 26 000 660 349 738 400
426 545 — 1 221 25 000 642 542 784 400
352 125 — 13 394 30 000 659 878 832 000
276 519 4 655 14 810 23 000 677 018 824 700
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Peru
38 000 427 129 197 840 36 602 1 256 383
42 000 389 911 164 258 26 762 1 281 282
47 650 407 332 152 147 29 759 1 351 273
43 967 448 970 169 766 45 094 1 315 000
33 787 442 154 * 160 000 48 071 1 422 000
Burma China India (b) Iran Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Mongolia Pakistan (c) Philippines Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Thailand Vietnam
* 9 200 4 050 000 726 518 138 000 429 000 743 * 34 000 1 642 52 350 11 123 18 170 4 934 9 000 22 259 * 34 000
* 8 000 4 859 100 759 527 138 000 425 000 1 434 * 35 000 883 59 550 10 024 19 559 21 213 29 900 24 996 * 25 000
* 4 800 5 187 747 769 927 130 000 417 000 1 749 * 36 000 1 900 52 050 — 16 730 26 293 24 300 25 887 * 20 000
* 6 100 5 118 394 769 262 * 150 000 386 300 1 919 * 32 000 * 2 000 46 600 — — 41 804 54 300 34 033 * 17 000
* 4 800 4 750 000 761 224 * 150 000 384 000 2 070 * 32 000 — 44 800 — — 37 600 57 800 27 154 * 17 000
Australia
1 514 756
1 541 224
1 524 504
1 554 738
1 600 255
12 500 000
13 400 000
13 600 000
13 700 000
13 200 000
Armenia Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Finland Greece Ireland, Republic of Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey
World total
Note(s) (a) Metal content of ore (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Years ended 30 June of that stated
80
Production of slab zinc
tonnes (metric)
Country
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Belgium (a) Bulgaria Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Spain Ukraine
282 000 88 400 307 352 164 000 170 000 110 200 261 000 153 200 144 100 249 000 490 000 6 600
250 000 73 100 314 742 161 000 169 000 97 200 257 000 152 647 138 300 250 000 486 000 7 000
252 000 69 600 311 686 152 000 162 000 111 000 275 000 143 444 146 300 216 000 484 000 3 900
262 000 74 200 302 024 171 000 168 000 138 100 290 000 165 600 154 000 223 000 501 000 8 100
260 000 75 500 305 717 169 000 169 000 139 200 291 000 162 878 161 000 216 000 509 300 700
Algeria Namibia South Africa
15 611 145 639 73 000
8 090 145 342 —
* 8 000 128 291 —
6 976 117 783 —
7 600 71 961 —
Canada Mexico USA
662 151 322 116 247 600
648 619 323 569 261 400
651 638 322 781 233 200
649 217 320 923 180 000
683 118 326 642 172 300
Argentina Brazil Peru
43 500 284 770 313 714
37 500 245 526 319 280
37 900 245 417 346 400
29 100 246 120 336 500
30 300 231 000 335 422
5 212 200 783 647 132 000 544 674 319 847 828 735 * 30 000 98 370 65 000 * 18 000
4 881 200 704 228 148 000 571 312 319 847 881 100 * 32 000 101 263 62 000 * 18 000
5 279 600 767 994 140 000 587 291 320 150 886 000 * 32 000 76 576 54 000 * 12 000
5 806 970 732 792 132 000 583 021 324 946 901 000 * 27 000 65 694 66 000 * 12 000
6 155 000 758 944 * 140 000 566 619 323 848 940 195 * 15 000 74 121 72 000 * 10 000
507 316
498 259
498 291
481 573
489 030
13 100 000
12 600 000
13 000 000
13 500 000
13 900 000
China India (a) Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia World total
Note(s) (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated.
81
Production of zirconium minerals Country
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Russia (a) Ukraine
8 914 * 35 000
8 000 * 35 000
8 504 * 35 000
7 900 * 35 000
* 7 900 * 35 000
Kenya Madagascar Mozambique Senegal Sierra Leone South Africa
— 13 075 43 600 — 8 350 383 000
— 22 500 46 900 — 610 * 393 000
— 22 500 31 400 — 2 950 * 292 000
40 123 27 000 50 800 9 040 2 416 * 393 000
25 951 * 25 000 51 800 45 248 * 1 400 * 390 000
* 100 000
* 90 000
* 80 000
* 70 000
* 60 000
23 283
20 425
24 687
23 659
* 25 000
* 33 500 25 996 * 127 000 1 685 641 24 020
* 33 500 21 125 * 109 000 442 293 * 21 000
* 33 500 19 017 * 49 000 379 228 * 7 000
* 33 500 * 19 000 * 21 000 677 1 335 * 7 000
* 33 500 * 19 000 * 21 000 826 614 * 1 000
674 200
706 300
497 550
581 600
597 550
1 502 000
1 508 000
1 104 000
1 323 000
1 341 000
USA Brazil (b) China India (c) Indonesia (d) Malaysia Sri Lanka Vietnam Australia (e) World total
Note(s) (1) In this table the term 'zirconium minerals' is understood to mean zircon, unless otherwise stated (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
82
Baddeleyite concentrate Including caldasite rock containing zircon and baddeleyite Years ending 31 March following that stated Conservative BGS estimates, based on exports Years ended 30 June of that stated
APPENDIX
Additional tables relating to Europe only
83
Production of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock) Country Austria Sand and gravel (a) Crushed rock (a) Belgium Sand and gravel Crushed rock Bulgaria Sand and gravel Crushed rock Croatia Sand and gravel Cyprus Crushed rock Czech Republic Sand and gravel Crushed rock Denmark Sand and gravel Crushed rock Estonia Sand and gravel Crushed rock Finland Sand and gravel Crushed rock France Sand and gravel Crushed rock Germany Sand and gravel Crushed rock Greece Hungary Sand and gravel Crushed rock Iceland Sand and gravel Ireland, Republic of Sand and gravel Crushed rock Italy Sand and gravel Crushed rock Latvia Sand and gravel Crushed rock Lithuania Sand and gravel Crushed rock Malta Crushed rock Montenegro Sand and gravel Crushed rock Netherlands Sand and gravel Norway Sand and gravel Crushed rock Poland Sand and gravel (b) Crushed rock Portugal Sand and gravel Crushed rock Romania Sand and gravel Crushed rock
84
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
35 507 353 26 866 150
31 285 739 26 348 996
30 123 970 25 973 740
30 276 160 26 946 973
29 487 409 25 309 156
* 23 000 000 * 49 000 000
* 21 000 000 * 46 000 000
* 21 000 000 * 46 000 000
* 19 000 000 * 45 000 000
* 19 000 000 * 45 000 000
10 054 205 17 979 678
9 293 819 18 281 353
8 433 198 18 963 207
9 384 908 21 786 053
* 9 500 000 * 21 800 000
5 012 106
4 345 920
3 779 919
3 496 693
3 544 899
11 816 397
7 308 056
4 561 152
4 039 087
3 941 378
21 424 000 36 717 000
18 785 000 32 535 000
17 363 000 33 004 000
17 668 000 35 972 000
19 546 000 39 749 000
42 878 000 337 000
39 332 000 293 000
38 798 333 243 000
41 016 667 223 000
* 41 000 000 233 000
3 568 680 5 919 500
3 954 600 6 170 200
5 201 380 6 463 100
5 107 280 5 805 200
6 736 020 5 342 000
* 36 000 000 * 53 000 000
* 34 000 000 * 54 000 000
* 34 000 000 * 49 000 000
* 32 000 000 * 47 000 000
* 32 000 000 * 44 000 000
148 680 000 204 980 000
138 280 000 196 600 000
135 543 000 205 638 000
* 127 000 000 * 199 000 000
* 117 000 000 * 182 000 000
252 000 000 229 000 000 * 38 000 000
235 300 000 211 000 000 * 29 000 000
228 000 000 207 000 000 * 30 000 000
238 000 000 211 000 000 * 38 000 000
239 000 000 210 000 000 21 632 000
23 361 598 9 128 819
* 22 250 000 * 9 000 000
27 252 746 7 483 894
42 444 954 8 526 891
32 820 501 10 016 477
221 920
232 112
291 384
* 291 000
* 291 000
* 7 000 000 * 25 000 000
* 7 000 000 * 22 000 000
* 7 000 000 * 22 000 000
* 7 000 000 * 22 000 000
* 7 000 000 * 22 000 000
(a) 131 770 340 86 547 652
118 143 574 75 406 269
79 086 763 49 075 806
41 038 798 39 669 853
23 543 097 39 510 725
7 855 125 2 050 976
8 358 839 2 072 775
7 297 980 2 664 580
12 491 577 2 229 552
7 411 254 * 2 400 000
5 776 850 4 456 089
5 081 166 3 241 831
6 930 916 3 801 100
7 164 096 4 084 594
7 751 342 4 528 671
1 713 651
1 658 807
1 407 948
1 332 800
1 347 325
133 947 167 405
201 896 112 630
213 002 143 179
289 469 137 299
258 120 124 141
60 795 000
49 900 000
48 974 000
48 000 000
* 62 000 000
13 215 000 63 855 000
14 262 000 67 670 000
13 984 000 66 259 000
14 111 000 64 828 000
13 000 000 61 000 000
* 176 000 000 88 696 900
* 145 000 000 64 859 600
* 141 000 000 57 945 100
* 104 000 000 61 117 900
* 108 000 000 60 806 100
7 658 205 48 737 535
6 093 188 32 966 351
5 964 368 23 369 495
5 983 054 26 532 644
* 6 283 000 * 24 500 000
25 319 433 6 189 078
21 068 344 5 593 429
50 829 386 36 888 195
51 812 555 35 115 670
69 894 594 40 091 390
Production of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock) Country Slovakia Sand and gravel Crushed rock Slovenia Sand and gravel Crushed rock Spain Sand and gravel Crushed rock Sweden Sand and gravel Crushed rock Switzerland Sand and gravel Crushed rock United Kingdom Sand and gravel Crushed rock (c) European total
tonnes (metric)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
6 020 641 13 834 800
3 794 873 10 157 400
3 953 525 8 526 598
3 863 467 10 188 851
1 199 550 14 274 900
1 899 770 9 626 791
1 707 455 7 557 431
2 143 013 7 067 895
2 799 006 8 123 587
2 943 870 8 108 113
60 603 982 143 579 886
41 834 967 96 056 496
33 300 000 67 800 000
33 600 000 64 600 000
34 000 000 65 000 000
* 17 000 000 * 58 000 000
13 809 028 71 839 600
11 399 554 66 621 935
10 970 490 68 034 725
10 778 329 75 271 803
51 940 000 2 432 977
49 780 000 2 328 758
49 480 000 2 445 464
53 940 000 2 401 627
* 49 368 000 2 463 037
63 100 000 102 800 000
56 600 000 94 800 000
58 000 000 94 300 000
61 100 000 110 300 000
* 62 900 000 * 110 500 000
2 578 000 000
2 296 000 000
2 214 000 000
2 188 000 000
2 157 000 000
Note(s) (1) So far as possible, these production statistics include construction sand; gravel, pebbles, shingle and flint; crushed stone used for concrete aggregates, roadstone and other construction uses; granules, chippings and powders. (2) Where official sources show more than one series for aggregates the higher series has generally been used in this compilation. (3) Where marine sands and gravels have been identified, these are included. (4) Information may be incomplete or absent due to reporting methods, confidentiality or lack of available information. All European countries produce sand and gravel and crushed rock. (5) Production from many small operations are not officially compiled. The minimum number of employees for which establishments are required to report production varies between different countries and can also vary from year to year within a country. (6) Quantities of sand from sand and gravel operations may be discarded due to low demand. This may or may not be included in the statistics. (a) Sales (b) Includes an estimate for small producers (c) Includes small quantities for other purposes in Northern Ireland
85
Production of cement clinker Country
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Luxembourg Norway Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom
131 734 * 700 000 35 200 — 3 132 268 25 719 000 15 229 000 24 775 000 4 569 167 1 167 942 22 282 388 1 277 000 770 232 1 382 809 13 629 500 5 351 024 5 751 215 1 529 226 1 823 306 17 000 000 * 1 750 000 53 228 248 7 096 000
* 125 000 726 690 72 300 23 363 2 837 600 24 256 714 600 14 178 000 24 581 000 5 544 951 1 332 354 18 700 700 1 485 720 * 740 000 1 435 497 11 807 300 4 881 543 5 873 601 1 264 333 1 490 768 16 719 769 * 1 750 000 * 53 000 000 6 555 000
* 120 000 911 116 77 200 807 041 2 472 196 — 691 400 13 778 000 23 127 000 6 754 154 1 065 349 15 691 270 * 1 500 000 * 710 000 1 399 012 10 855 278 5 427 443 5 061 670 1 121 538 * 1 500 000 14 600 000 * 1 750 000 56 905 641 6 712 000
* 120 000 * 900 000 36 700 1 106 605 2 792 101 9 081 721 000 13 146 000 23 871 000 7 025 675 * 1 100 000 14 105 796 * 1 500 000 * 700 000 1 364 866 11 864 000 5 967 865 5 466 540 1 122 964 * 1 600 000 16 968 987 * 1 750 000 58 598 068 7 197 000
* 120 000 * 900 000 44 500 981 117 2 919 190 — 356 000 12 513 000 23 355 000 * 7 000 000 * 1 100 000 16 830 997 * 1 500 000 * 700 000 1 284 156 11 660 000 5 626 409 6 203 413 1 218 213 * 1 700 000 * 17 000 000 * 1 750 000 61 971 380 * 7 200 000
European total
183 000 000
176 000 000
173 000 000
179 000 000
184 000 000
86
Production of finished cement Country Austria (a) Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland (a) France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland, Republic of Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal (a) Romania (a) Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland (b) Turkey United Kingdom (c) European total
tonnes (metric) 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
4 291 449 6 844 000 1 889 502 2 578 017 1 206 786 3 831 000 1 852 804 451 000 1 387 479 19 443 000 33 540 000 5 822 967 1 694 000 2 112 000 34 114 018 953 000 996 284 1 232 633 930 175 2 318 000 1 579 505 18 929 000 6 072 751 7 646 612 (a) 2 091 865 3 219 557 760 000 22 178 237 2 546 000 4 687 138 66 656 800 8 529 000
4 162 406 6 280 000 1 754 204 4 255 014 1 025 666 3 434 000 1 817 334 481 500 1 292 855 18 018 000 32 432 000 5 422 499 1 870 000 1 573 000 27 831 741 1 077 000 1 014 977 1 177 000 644 852 2 056 000 1 661 157 15 918 614 5 392 995 7 727 046 1 830 708 2 915 166 745 000 15 938 965 2 611 000 4 395 084 67 019 400 7 952 000
3 967 440 6 119 000 1 796 021 4 543 358 854 778 3 211 000 1 852 445 456 700 1 271 378 17 469 000 31 308 000 5 553 411 2 022 000 2 083 000 23 114 037 1 092 000 1 069 593 1 128 000 729 672 2 030 000 1 694 150 14 831 323 5 342 661 7 120 934 1 591 703 3 121 000 614 000 * 13 700 000 2 654 000 4 563 931 72 899 430 8 203 000
4 048 146 6 364 000 1 770 508 4 670 807 734 692 3 731 000 1 876 095 447 000 1 255 468 16 426 000 32 099 000 (a) 5 142 177 2 000 000 2 533 000 20 913 094 1 197 000 902 733 1 057 000 660 035 1 984 000 1 693 379 15 357 000 5 480 202 7 554 605 1 631 633 3 319 320 706 000 14 554 039 2 885 000 4 583 355 72 412 441 8 958 000
4 175 987 6 275 000 2 040 853 4 498 264 788 168 3 781 000 2 027 843 390 000 1 188 387 15 597 000 31 160 000 (a) 5 123 122 * 2 000 000 * 2 500 000 22 308 481 * 1 200 000 979 565 * 1 100 000 671 542 * 1 900 000 1 647 566 15 485 000 5 050 802 7 909 342 (a) 1 667 004 3 465 597 * 706 000 * 15 000 000 * 2 900 000 4 219 466 71 418 945 * 9 000 000
272 000 000
252 000 000
248 000 000
249 000 000
248 000 000
Note(s) (a) Sales (b) Includes production in Liechtenstein (c) Great Britain only
87
Price £30
