JEK T
6 [1] : 30 - 40
ISSN : 2301 - 8968
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JURNAL EKONOMI KUANTITATIF TERAPAN Vol. 6 No. 1 FEBRUARI 2013
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JURNAL EKONOMI KUANTITATIF TERAPAN Vol. 6 No. 1 FEBRUARI 2013
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c"%8E A"5$+4%$+& 5$.$& 60-3"0& 5-%1361,%$+& 3",$,1-& +83-& /$0."0g& 3"+121& c"%8+83-& 6$#$09& /$7U$& #"/"E %1-#-8+"09& IY>& 5$+& U$U$+B$0$& ."0#.01%.10& %"6$5$& ,13&$5$&6$#$0&6"0"%8+83-$+&3$#:$0$%$.&5-;$#-,-.$#-& /"/"0$6$&.0D',/@#"&%/E& barang; (4) berkurangnya kerusakan dan kecelakaan; (5) bertambahnya 8,"7& "%8+83-& /$0."09& +$31+& #".",$7& -#8,$#-& U-,$:$7& *861,$#-& 6"+",-.-$+& kenyamanan dan perasaan yang menyenangkan. Namun menurutnya tidak #"/$+:$%& NO@NT[& 2-U$& D=*A& 5-/1%$&/"01/$7&%"&"%8+83-&6$#$0&5-&6"5"#$$+&31,$-& A80#",&NOOS)@&<$0"+$&6861,$#-&0",$.-;&78384"+9&3$%$&& semua manfaat terdapat pada semua jalur transportasi, manfaat tersebut berbeda/"0%"3/$+4@& & A"/$4$-& 6"3/$+5-+4& 7$#-,& 6"+",-.-$+& 6"+",-.-& 3"+"+.1%$+& #$36",& 5-#.0-%& 5$+& %$361+4@& beda antar satu jalur dengan lainnya, hal tersebut sehubungan dengan -+-&:$+4&3"+1+21%%$+&/$7U$&5$36$%&6"3/$+41+$+& *"+"+.1$+&#$36",&5-,$%1%$+&51$&.$7$6&:$-.1&:0")%&%?& pembangunan sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia. biaya#$36",& sosial yang di rasakan 2$,$+&/"06"+4$017&."07$5$6&6"0.13/17$+&1#$7$&5$+& %$361+49& :$-.1& I$-.3$2-+9& G1/"0-.$& 5$0-& oleh masyarakat pedesaan seperti; kecelakaan lalulintas, penggusuran tanah <$361+4& hak 6"+5$6$.$+&3$#:$0$%$.9&$5$&/"/"0$6$&7$#-,&6"+",-.-$+& >-#.0-%& ?:$3$01@& e-.3$1& 5$+& I$."483-& ulayat masyarakat karena pembangunan jalan, pengeksploitasian sumberdaya :$+4&3"+51%1+4&6"+",-.-$+&-+-&$+.$0$&,$-+&_&6"+",-.-$+& 5$0-& 5-#.0-%& ?-.-+:8& #"0.$& <$361+4& A1#131%& 5$+& :$+4&5-,$%1%$+&<1%17&i$7:1&i'DNOO[)&5-&H83/8%& Z7$7-."&5$0-&5-#.0-%&?-;$.@&A0+*%9&#$36",&0"#68+5"+& alam, dan perubahan pola hidup masyarakat yang suka meniru kehidupan 8%)*0S( !"#"$%&%'#( 80%( >'3&*&%( [*0/'#&%#%( 1'#( ?*1%( 5-,$%1%$+&5"+4$+&."%+-%&:*":#4,60'4%&:3,/$@&?0.-+:$& masyarakat perkotaan. 3"3-,-7& #$36",& :$+4& !"#$"%&'(&)*%"+,-"&).+/*0(&&123#$*%&4&563%&78-8%&0*+368/9&:;''< Gambar 1. Kerangka Konsep 3"361+:$-& 1#$7$& Pembangunan Jalan Darat "%8+83-@& Sorong - Maibrat A$36",& 5-6-,-7& /"05$#$0%$+& %0-."E 0-$& 3"3-,-%-& 1#$7$& Dampak Sosial : Dampak Ekonomi : 2$#$& 6"05$4$+4$+9& !"# Aksesibilitas (penghematan) 1.# Kegiatan ekonomi baru : 1#$7$& -+51#.0-& %"B-,9& a. Usaha jasa perdagangan & transportasi $"#Pola hidup sosial ekonomi R 1#$7$&2$#$&$+4%1.$+9& b. Usaha Industri kecil %"#Perumahan & pemanfaat listrik, MCK, air e c. penyediaan material untuk bangunan &"# Pemanfaatan teknologi k 1#$7$&6"0.$+-$+&5$+& d. pemanfaatan teknologi '"# Perubahan Perilaku masyarakat o 6"."0+$%$+&5$+&.",$7& 2.#Efisiensi biaya transportasi ("# Biaya Sosial m 3.#Tingkat pendapatan & Pemanfaan lembaga 3"3-,-%-& 013$7& e keuangan n 6"03$+"+& :$+4& /"0E 4.#Pola transaksi ekonomi d 213,$7& Pf& 0"#68+E a s 5"+& 5"+4$+& 6"+:"E i /$0$+&6"05-#.0-%&5$+& %$361+49& #"/$4$-& Analisis /"0-%1._& I$-.3$2-+& #"/$+:$%& R& 0"#68+E Analisis Hipotesis 1 & 2 5"+9& G1/"0-.$& S& 0"E #68+5"+& 5$0-& 5-#.0-%& Kesimpulan & Saran @7')'0*S( `%&)'*( QJ( 0"#68+5"+9&I$."483-& Sumber : Alur Pikir penulis, 2011 T*#'0+'(?%B'%(CHIIMW(1%(>*$*(\*)-'(T*$'/"3%(T"$'&'#S( QR(0"3!2#1"#(1'0%(1%3&%,(@%&%#72S(T*3*)*,(L(0"3!2#E 6"+",-.-$+&I$+&5$+&j7$+4'DNOOQ)'1%(].%#'S'6"+",-.-$+' 5"+&5$+&Z7$7-."&T&0"#6+5"+&5$0-&5-#.0-%&?-;$.@&A",$-+& Penelitian ini mendukung teori ekonomi pengangkutan yang dikemukakan e78+&H-#&="04"0?'."+.$+4&*"3/$+41+$+&e$,$+&H-+.$#& -.19&6"+",-.-&214$&3"3-,-7&/"/"0$6$&.8%87&3$#:$0$%$.& & oleh Adler,A. (1983); Teori dari Farris dan Harding dalam Anwar dan Tito <$,-3$+.$+J'6"+",-.-$+'>"0B8+&5$+&<0-#7+$+&DM[[S)&5-& %$361+4&#"/$4$-&.0D',/@#&%/@ (1996), teori Nasition (1999). Pembangunan jalan ini mendorong terjadinya ^&.%2!%'S(!"#"$%&%'#(='$)-"05'0)'%33(CQRR_WS(!"#"$%&%'#( & \.'#1,"0<( D"B7( E%$)"0<( 1%( ='02,2S( !"#"$%E pasar, !"#$%&%&'?-5#',-"5#*#6#"'8-.-$0)'(#"'8-&0M perpindahan dari 1'#( “ekonomi barter” menuju1'#( “ekonomi bahwa sebelum ada .-$+& $05$%9& /"5$& 0$.$E0$.$& 6"+5$6$.$+& #"/",13& isolasi wilayah dibuka berubah ke ekonomi pasar di pedesaan*"+412-$+& mulai berkembang. CHIIRWS( !"#"$%&%'#( 1%$',*,'#( ( @9.)'1( E%0)'#( 5$+& #"#15$7& 2$,$+& 5-,$%1%$+& #"B$0$& Sebagai pembanding7'#5( hasil penelitian ini yang menunjukkan bahwa6"3/$+41+$+& dampak DNOOf)'5-&'+58+"#-$@ #.$.-#.-%&5"+4$+&3"+441+$%$+&$,$.&12-&.&/"06$#$+4$+&
34
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10
D:%,"0+' )I)04))@& ?,$.& -+-& 5-41+$%$+& 1+.1%& 3",-7$.& M)&&1+.1%& 3"+412-& #-4+-;-%$+& .-5$%+:$& 6"+4$017& #"B$0$&#.$.-#.-%&&6"3/$+41+$+&2$,$+&5$+&.0$+#680.$#-& W$0-$/",& -+5"6"+5"+.& D6"3/$+41+$+& 2$,$+)&& #-4+-;-%$+& 3"36"+4$017-& 6"+5$6$.$+& 3$#:$0$%$.& ."07$5$6& W$0-$/",& 5"6"+5"+.& D3$+;$$.& "%8+83-& 5-41+$%$+&&6$%".&60840$3&#.$.-#.-%&A*AA&MM@P 5$+&A8#-$,)9&3$%$&5-41+$%$+,$7&.$/",&F0$"044,#/' jalan dan transportasi signifikan mempengaruhi pendapatan masyarakat O0,$9)4&:$+4&3"016$%$+&7$#-,&5$0-&$+$,-#$&AF!9& digunakan paket program statistik SPSS 11.5 !"#$%&%&''!"#$%"$#&'()*$&"+,-(.,/0'+-1'78EK> 1"#5'#()"#5')-%$(3&'#1'0(!02-'-%$%&'3(3%5#%6,'#3%( Analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) A$+.8#8@A@&DNOOf)9&3"+:$.$%$+&/$7U$&AF!&/"0-#-& !'1'(&'0'4(a(F(I%$'()'#'(!'1'(,2$2)(&'-"$( Santoso.S. (2007), menyatakan bahwa SEM berisi dua jenis model, yakni 51$& 2"+-#& 385",9& :$%+-& &0%4*"0&0/)& 385",& 5$+& ."0#"/1.& 3"+1+21%%$+& #-4+-;-%$++:$& 3$%$& -.1& measurement model dan struktural model. Measurement model adalah bagian 4)"*.)*"%3'385",@&K0%4*"0&0/)'&#+03'&$5$,$7&/$4-$+& /"0$0.-& /$7U$& 7-68."#$& 5-."0-3$9& 5"3-%-$+& 214$& dari model SEM yang menggambarkan hubungan antara variabel laten dengan 5$0-&indikator-indikatornya. 385",& AF!& :$+4&Sedangkan 3"+44$3/$0%$+& 71/1+4$+& hubungan Struktural model menggambarkan 3"-'$%,#7'S $+.$0$&W$0-$/",&,$."+&5"+4$+&-+5-%$.80E-+5-%$.80+:$@& N)&&41+$&3"3/1%.-%$+&/$7U$&-+5-%$.80E-+5-%$.80&:$+4& antara variabel-variabel laten atau variabel eksogen dengan variabel endogen. A"5$+4%$+& A)"*.)*"%3' 385",& 3"+44$3/$0%$+& Regresion Dengan demikain model yang digunakan adalah MRA atau (Multiple 5-41+$%$+&3"016$%$+&6"3/"+.1%&5$0-&6"+4$017& Analysis). Analisis Structural Equation Mondeling (SEM) ini 6"3/$+41+$+&&-+;0$#.01%.10&2$,$+&5$+&2"3/$.$+9& dilakukan 71/1+4$+&$+.$0$&W$0-$/",EW$0-$/",&&,$."+&$.$1&W$0-$/",& alat ini "%8+83-& 5$+& #8#-$,& #"0.$& /-$:$& #8#-$,& menggunakan program Analisis of Momen Struktural (AMOS). Dengan "%#84"+&5"+4$+&W$0-$/",&"+584"+@&>"+4$+&5"3-%$-+& 3$+;$$.& dapat diketahui apakah ada dampak atau pengaruh yang signifikan antara 385",& :$+4& 5-41+$%$+& $5$,$7& !k?& $.$1& DK*3),:30' #"/$4$-&W$0-$/",&P%)0/9&3$%$&6"0,1&5-12-&6%3,+,)%4' variabel independen dan dependen, dan seberapa kuat pengaruh atau dampak F0$"044,#/' L/%3D4,4)@& ?+$,-#-#&()"*;)*"%3' -M*%),#/' 5$+&"03,%1,3,)%4@& tersebut. Beberapa indikator yang dapat digunakan seperti disajikan pada tabel K#+03,/$&DAF!)&-+-&5-,$%1%$+&3"+441+$%$+&&60840$3& *"+412-$+& W$,-5-.$#& 5-,$%1%$+& 5"+4$+& B$0$& 3",-7$.& berikut. Beberapa aspek dan indikator penting yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian L/%3D4,4'#@'K#&0/'()"*.)*"%3&DLKN()@&>"+4$+&$,$.& /"#$0+:$&3#%+,/$'@%;)#"''DHI)&:$+4&/-#$&5-/"0-&#-3/8,&!@& SEM dapat ini, antara lain seperti yang diuraikan pada table berikut.Model analisis -+-&5$6$.&5-%".$71-&$6$%$7&$5$&5$36$%&$.$1&6"+4$017& G$#-,+:$&2-%$&+-,$-&HI&5$0-&#".-$6&%8+#.01%#-&,"/-7&5$0-&O9P& diformulasikan sebagai berikut : D!lO@P)&5"+4$+&+-,$-&608/$/-,-.$#&& !"#$"%&:(&&=.>*6&2?=&3+@3-&=*+,"+"68/8/&="+A""@&>"+&B8"C"&2./8"6&7*#$"+,3+"+&D"6"+ %10$+4&5$0-&Pm&D6nO@OP)9&3$%$& B",8&="/C"%"-"@&="C$%"@ Gambar 2. Model SEM untuk Menganalisis Manfaat dan Biaya Sosial Pembangunan Jalan Bagi Masyarakat Maybrat 5$6$.& 5-+:$.$%$+& 6%3,+& 6$5$& >9$*1.5?@#A4#$*B4%.%** ,6:7/*,C#")#D.9*1#$)2.%/* .-+4%$.&%"6"0B$:$$+&[Pm&$.$1& 5"+4$+&%$.$&,$-+&/$7U$&*/#1I F"#%#"#$#**>#9#$*,07/* ,C#")#D.9*1#$)2.%/* 40"60+6%",%130& 5$6$.& 5-1%10& E?5#A*F."5#$.$**G* F.5#$2#(#$*1HI***,6::/* 1#$2##(**8'%)#9* !"#$%&'"(#%)* 3"9'0'(3%5#%6,'#(!'1'(&%#5,'&( ,-#(.$/*,6:/* +#"#(*,-#(.$/**,0/* F"#%#"#$#**>.5D#(#$* ,0:/* B4%.%*5.5?@#A4#$* %"6"B$:$$+&[Pm&5"+4$+&3"+4E J%#A#*;#"?*(?5D?A*,6:=/ 8#"#$#*B$M4?(#*,0=/* 41+$%$+& 3$#-+4E3$#-+4& %8+E #.01%Œ"60+'6%",%130E'& F.5#$2##(#$*!.4$'9'M)* ;#"?*,6:N/ ;)#<#*1'@#9*J%#A#*,677/* \2-& W$,-5-.$#& /"0-%1.+:$& $5$,$7& 0",-$/-,-.$#9& :$-.1& -+E >?59#A*J%#A#*G*B%%.(* +.M"#@#%)*1'@#9*8'%)#9* ;)#<#**8'%)#9* 1#$2##(* ,67:/* ,6=7/** 5"%#& :$+4& 3"+1+21%%$+& #"E ,-#(.$/*,6=/* 34'$'5)*,-#(.$/* ,67/* 2$17& 3$+$& $,$.& 1%10& :$+4& F.$@#&#(#$*G*!#D?$M* 4.K.9#4##$*9#9?9)$(#%*G* @)*;#$4*,67=/* D.".@#"*5)"#%*,6=:/* 5-41+$%$+& 5$6$.& 5-$+5$,%$+& $.$1&5$6$.&5-6"0B$:$@&k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k",-$/-,-.$#&6$5$&6"+",-.-$+&-+-&5-7-.1+4&3"+441+$%$+& 5"6"+5"+9&5$+&#"/"0$6$&%1$.&6"+4$017&$.$1&5$36$%& 7#/4)"*;)'F03,%1,3,)D'Dok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
35
JURNAL EKONOMI KUANTITATIF TERAPAN Vol. 6 No. 1 FEBRUARI 2013
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f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c>-514$& /$7U$& 6"3/$+41+$+& 2$E 8,"7&3$#:$0$%$.&#"6"0.-&5-#$2-%$+&6$5$&Z$/",&M@ ,$+&/"06"+4$017&68#-.-;&."07$5$6&6".13/17$+&1#$7$& "%8+83-& 5$+& 5$6$.& 3"+-+4%$.%$+& 6"+5$6$.$+& 3$E E"$*6&'(&2"#0*6&)*0*#868-"+&5/*@&2*$*63#&>"+&2*@*6"F&7*#$"+,3+"+&D"6"+ #:$0$%$.&5-&<$/16$."+&!$:/0$.g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(#)*#+'',-).#"/0"#"'C"M =3#&630+603'1#$#"'2-34#5#*' 0,640 K#"=##6''8<&%#$ e22 Y22 *"3/$+41+$+& -+;0$#.01%.10& 0,683 0,941 0,807 1,305 2$,$+& 5$+& 2"3/$.$+9& #",$-+& e2 X2 3"+B-6.$%$+&3$+;$$.&"%8+83-9& Y2 214$&5$6$.&3"+B-6.$%$+&3$+;$$.& #8#-$,& /$4-& 3$#:$0$%$.& :$+4& 2,412 0,719 2,627 /"0583-#-,-& 5-#"%-.$0& $0"$,& Y23 e23 6"3/$+41+$+& 2$,$+9& #"6"0.-& ey2 5-#$2-%$+&/"0-%1.&-+-@& Ketarangan : N>O' (#)*#+' ,-).#"/0"#"' X = Sarana dan prasarana transportasi Y11 = Biaya/modal usaha Y1 = Manfaat ekonomi Y12 = Jumlah usaha dan asset 1#$#"' 2-34#5#*' E=%&%&-"&%' Y2 = Manfaat sosial Y13 = Pendapatan dan simpanan bank X1 = Prasarana jalan Y22 = Rumah permanen dan MCK Q#+60'5#"'?%#:#O X2 = Prasarana jembatan Y23 = Usaha baru >$36$%& 6"0.$3$& 5$+& 1.$3$& E"$*6&:(&&IV8& B*>"& 7*+>"0"@"+& I/"F"& ?-.+.#8& 2*$*63#& >"+& 2*/3>"F&& :$+4&5-0$#$%$+&5$+&5-+-%3$.-&8,"7&3$#:$0$%$.&$5$,$7& 7*#$"+,3+"+&D"6"+&>"+&D*#$"@"+&2.%.+,U="8$%"@ $%#"#& 2$,$+& :$+4&Sosial 3"+471/1+4%$+& 61#$.& %"4-$.$+& 7*+>"0"@"+&I/"F" Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Jalan Terhadap Manfaat E"+"#"+& "%8+83-9& #8#-$,& 5$+& 6"3"0-+.$7$+& 5"+4$+& U-,$:$7& 7"%"#*@*% Pembangunan infrastruktur jalan dan jembatan, selain menciptakan E*%+"-&B"$8 E*%+"-&5C"# I/"F"&T","+ 7"6"W8V" 1H0(;;< 1H0(;;< 1H0(;;< !$:/0$.@& !",$,1-& 6"3/$+41+$+& 2$,$+& 5$+& 2"3/$.$+& 1H0(;;< manfaat ekonomi, juga dapat menciptakan manfaat sosial bagi masyarakat yang =*"+&/*$*63#& A808+4& !$-/0$.& PRNKM9N' QMN(L:R(M: LQLN'(MP :KKKKK(KN disekitar areal pembangunan jalan, seperti disajikan berikut-/$0$.& ini. #"/$4$-& 2101& #",$3$.& & :$+4& 0*#$"+,+ berdomisili 3"3/"/$#%$+&3$#:$0$%$.&5$0-&/","+441&%"/8587$+& =*"+&/*/3>"F& 'M:PL:R9M' RM;;;;;(;; :;LN'M:(QL 'NM'KKK(KN 0*#$"+,+ 5$+& %"3-#%-+$+@& G$,& -+-& ."0/1%.-& 5"+4$+& 7$#-,& 1). Dampak Pembangunan Terhadap Efisisensi Waktu dan Biaya. 2034 PL9Q; L9'L Jalan PL9': K9LP U$U$+B$0$& 5"+4$+& 0"#68+5"+& #"B$0$& %"#",1017$+& 5+0")6(7+'+",+ 'PQPNKM9N' NLNLNLN(LQ 'MNL;;;(;; Dampak pertama dan'RRQLN'(MP utama yang dirasakan dan dinikmati oleh masyarakat 3"+:$.$%$+& /$7U$& 6"3/$+41+$+& 2$,$+& 3"016$%$+& 2@>(&?%%.%&=*"+ ';NMP':(RM 'RQKNN(:; :'NQN;(N' adalah';:RKR9RK akses jalan yang menghubungkan pusat kegiatan ekonomi, sosial dan c%"310$7$+& Z17$+g& /$4-& 0$%:$.& !$-/0$.@& <$0"+$& @J@*/@&0"8%*> 'P9MM N(;L ';(;K K(NN pemerintahan Maibrat.;9;; Melalui pembangunan jalan dan 7%.$ ;9;; dengan ;9;; wilayah;9;; 5"+4$+& 6"3/$+41+$+& 2$,$+& 5$6$.& 3"+-+4%$.%$+& jembatan Sorong Maibrat ibarat sebagai juru $%.-W-.$#& selamat "%8+83-& yang membebaskan 23#$*%&4&T"@"&>8.6"F9&:;'' 5$+& #8#-$,& 3$#:$0$%$.& 3"+2$5-& masyarakat dari belenggu kebodohan dan kemiskinan. Hal ini terbukti dengan 3"+-+4%$.&5$+&/"0.$3/$7&3",1$#&#"0.$&#"3$%-+&3$21@& wawancara dengan responden secara menyatakan bahwa 3"+1+21%%$+& /$7U$& 3$+-;"#.&hasil 385$,& 1#$7$& DLMM)& 5$+& $##".& DLMN)& #"0.$&keseluruhan G$#-,& $+$,-#-#& #"/",13+:$& pembangunan jalan merupakan “kemurahan Tuhan” bagi rakyat Maibrat. 6"+5$6$.$+&5$+&#-36$+$+&5-&/$+%&DLMT)@&G$#-,&$+$,-#-#& 6"3/$+41+$+&2$,$+&5$+&2"3/$.$+&/"05$36$%&%"6$5$& Karena%".-4$& dengan pembangunan jalan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas ekonomi dan 3"+1+21%%$+& W$0-$/",& 3$+-;"#.& 3"016$%$+& &"0+'1%#7'( "63%"#3%( /',&*( 1'#( -%'7'( !"0+'$'#'#( )'E sosial masyarakat menjadi meningkat dan bertambah meluas serta semakin maju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cA"/",13& -#8,$#-& 2$,$+& 5-/$+41+9& 3$#:$0$%$.& 5$0-& ?-;$.& ",2#2)%A( \2"63%"#d,2"63%"#( &"03"-*&( )")-*,&%,'#( /$7U$& 6"3/$+41+$+& 2$,$+& A808+4E!$-/0$.& 5$6$.& Z-310&3-#$,+:$&/-#$&2$,$+&%$%-&M&3-+4419&5$+&#"6$+2$+4& /"05$36$%& 68#-.-;& ."07$5$6& 6"+4",1$0$+& 1+.1%& ."36$.& -#.-0$7$.& D/"03$,$3)& /-$#$+:$& 3"0"%$& 3"+B$0-& 385$,& 1#$7$9& 213,$7& 1#$7$& /"0.13/17& 3"+-+4%$.9& %",1$04$& :$+4& $5$& 71/1+4$+& $.$1& 3"+B$0-& .8%87E.8%87& 213,$7& $##".& :$+4& 5-3-,-%-& 3$#:$0$%$.& 3"+-+4%$.9& $5$.& 3"+4-+$6& #"3$,$3& 5$+& 6$4-+:$& 3",$+21.%$+& X
37
JURNAL EKONOMI KUANTITATIF TERAPAN Vol. 6 No. 1 FEBRUARI 2013
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38
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JURNAL EKONOMI KUANTITATIF TERAPAN Vol. 6 No. 1 FEBRUARI 2013
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