6.1 — EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR1
6.1 — GUNA TENAGA DAN BURUH1
Malaysia
Malaysia 2008
20098
11,775.1 (2.0)
11,967.5 (1.6)
12,061.1 (0.8)
11,159.0 (2.4)
11,398.0 (2.1)
11,576.5 (1.6)
11,585.0 (0.1)
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.9
2005
2006
2007
(i) Tenaga Buruh (‘000) Labour Force (‘000)
11,290.5 (4.1)
11,544.5 (2.2)
(ii) Guna Tenaga (‘000) Employment (‘000)
10,892.8 (4.1) 3.5
(iii) Kadar Pengangguran (%) Unemployment Rate (%) (iv) Kadar Penyertaan Tenaga Buruh2 (%) Labour Force Participation Rate2 (%) Jumlah / Total
64.7
63.3
63.4
62.7
63.1
Lelaki / Male
80.0
79.9
79.5
79.0
79.5
Perempuan / Female
45.9
45.8
46.4
45.7
46.0
263 (93.7)
273 (141.1)
216 (187.1)
152 (84.9)
886 (19.7)6
0.5
0.9
-1.2
9.2
-7.87
20.9
18.9
19.8
21.5
16.67
(v) Jumlah Perjanjian Bersama ditandatangani (dan bilangan pekerja diliputi, ribu), Semenanjung Malaysia3 Number of Collective Agreements signed (and workers covered, thousands) Peninsular Malaysia3 (vi) Produktiviti dalam Sektor Pembuatan (% Pertumbuhan) Productivity in Manufacturing Sector (% Growth ) Kos Upah Per Buruh Labour Cost Per Employee Kos Buruh Seunit / Unit Labour Cost
-9.5
-11.9
5.8
-9.8
26.47
Upah Benar Purata / Real Average Wage
-9.1
-11.1
4.6
-1.5
-11.77
1,401.3 (-0.4)
1,392.4 (-0.6)
1,389.8 (-0.2)
1,390.9 (0.1)
1,391.9 (0.1)
42.7 (0.2)
42.6 (-0.3)
42.9 (0.7)
42.8 (-0.2)
42.5 (-0.7)
3,133.2 (5.4)
3,227.2 (3.0)
3.296.6 (2.2)
3,338.2 (1.3)
3,293.1 (-1.4)
Pembinaan Construction
759.6 (-1.0)
755.2 (-0.6)
757.3 (0.3)
758.4 (0.1)
759.9 (0.2)
Kewangan, Insurans, Harta Tanah dan Perkhidmatan Perdagangan Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
734.4 (5.7)
767.5 (4.5)
789.7 (2.9)
811.9 (2.8)
814.1 (0.3)
630.6 (6.1)
646.4 (2.5)
660.0 (2.1)
673.2 (2.0)
675.1 (0.3)
Perkhidmatan Kerajaan4 Government Services4
1,118.4 (1.8)
1,152.5 (3.0)
1,225.6 (6.3)
1,263.5 (3.1)
1,276.5 (1.0)
Perkhidmatan lain5 Other Services5
3,072.6 (6.4)
3,175.4 (3.3)
3,236.1 (1.9)
3,297.5 (1.9)
3,331.9 (1.0)
JUMLAH / TOTAL
10,892.8
11,159.0
11,398.0
11,576.5
11,585.0
Guna tenaga mengikut sektor (‘000) Employment by sector (‘000) Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan kuari Mining and Quarrying Pembuatan Manufacturing
Pengangkutan, Penyimpanan dan Komunikasi Transport, Storage and Communication
1
2
3 4 5
6 7 8
Angka dalam kurungan adalah peratus perubahan tahunan melainkan di butiran (v), angka berkenaan menunjukkan bilangan pekerja dalam ribu. Peratus bilangan yang aktif secara ekonomi daripada jumlah orang di dalam kumpulan umur bekerja, iaitu 15 hingga 64 tahun. Perjanjian Bersama yang telah diiktiraf oleh Mahkamah Industri. Termasuk pentadbiran awam, kesihatan, pendidikan dan pertahanan. Termasuk utiliti, perniagaan borong dan runcit, penginapan dan restoran serta perkhidmatan lain. Januari hingga Jun 2009. Januari hingga Ogos 2009. Anggaran.
Sumber: Unit Perancang Ekonomi dan Kementerian Sumber Manusia Malaysia.
1
Figures in parentheses are annual percentage change except for item (v) where they denote the number of workers in thousands.
2
Total number of people economically active as a percentage of total number of the working age population of 15 to 64 years. Collective Agreements taken in cognisance by the Industrial Court. Includes public administration, health, education and defence. Includes utilities, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and restaurant as well as other services. January to June 2009. January to August 2009. Estimate.
3 4 5
6 7 8
Source: Economic Planning Unit and Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia.
