:+LVM 5|tI[ VFRZJFDF\ VFJTF SF{8]\lAS VtIFRFZGF lGJFZ6G[ A[ ØlQ8SM6YL HM. XSFI s!f ;ZSFZL 5|ItGM sZf ;\:YFSLI 5|ItGM
s!f ;ZSFZL 5|ItGM o v :+LVM 5Z YTF lJlJW VtIFRFZM 5Z V\S]X VFJ[ T[ DF8[ lJlJW SFINF 30JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P ;DIF\TZ[ U]GF ;\A\WL S,DM pD[ZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ H[YL :+LVM 5Z YTF VtIFRFZ 38L XS[P .lg0IG 5LG, SM0GL sIPCf #_$ ALGL S,D NC[H D'tI] ;\A\l3T4 #_&GL S,D VF53FTGF N]Q5|[Z6F ;\A\lWT4 #!Z UE"5FT4 #5$ U]GFlCT A/ JF5ZJF ;\A\lWT4 S,D #&& V5CZ6 VG[ V5GIG ;\A\lWT4 #*54 #*& A/FtSFZ ;FY[ HM0FI[,L S,DMGL ;FY[ ;FY[[ ;LP VFZP 5LP ;LP !Z54 !Z&4!Z* VG[ !Z( DL S,DDF\ 5tGL AF/SM TYF DFTF l5TFGF EZ65MQF6GM C]SD VG[ Z1F6 ;\A\lWT K[P EFZTLI N\0 ;\lCTFGF 5|SZ6 Z_ DF\ ,uG ;\A\WL U]GFVM lJX[ H6FjI]\ K[P S,D $)# YL $)( DF\ & U]GFVM NXF"jIF K[P !)(& GF VlWlGID $& YL 5|SZ6 v Z! GJ]\ pD[ZJFDF\ VFjI]\ K[P S,D $)( v V[ pD[ZJFDF\ VFJL K[P 5lT S[ T[GF ;UFV[ :+L 5|tI[ S'ZTF NFBJ[ V[G[ U]GM 9ZFJLG[ lX1FFGL HMUJF. SZ[ K[P
W O[lD,L SF[8"; V[S8 v !)($ !)($ ,uG4 SF{8]\lAS jIJCFZM VG[ T[G[ ,UTL AFATMDF\YL H[ TSZFZM p5l:YlT YFI T[GF h05L lGSF, DF8[ !)($ DF\ SF{8]\lAS VNF,T WFZM
259
VD,DF\ VFjIMP ZFHI ;ZSFZ CF.SM8" ;FY[ RRF" lJRFZ6F SZL VF SM8"G]\ SFDSFH R,FJJF ;,FC VlWSFZLVM4 SD"RFZLVMGL ;\bIF4 S1FF VG[ JU" GSSL SZX[P SM8"GF ;\RF,G DF8[GF lGIDM4 ;DI VG[ D]SNDF S[JL ZLT[ T{IFZ SZJF V[ 56 GSSL SZX[P VF SM8"GL SFI"JFCL A\W AFZ6[ YX[P H~Z 50[ TM ACFZGF lGQ6FTMGL DNN4 JSL,GL DNN 5]ZFJM4 ;MU\NGFD]\4 H]AFGL JU[Z[GL T5F; SZX[ NZ[S ZFHIDF\ O[lD,L SM8"GL :YF5GF SZJFYL :+LVMG[ ,UTF S[8,FS 5|`GMGM lGSF, h05YL YX[P VF.P5LP;LP VG[ ;LPVFZP5LP;LP V\TU"T :+LVM 5Z VFRZJFDF\ VFJTF VtIFRFZGL :5Q8TF SZLP ;HF VG[ N\0GL HMUJF. SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P 5Z\T] V[ AWFGM VD, SZGFZ T\+ V[8,]\ V;ZSFZS ZCI]\ GYLP VF lNXFDF\ CH] 36]\ SZJFG]\ AFSL K[P !)($ GF W O[lD,L SF[8"; V[S8GL S,D v Z! C[9/ V5FI[,L ;TFG[ p5IMUDF\ ,.G[ U]HZFT CF.SF[8"[ U]HZFT ZFHIDF\ O[lD,L SF[8"; DF8[GF lGIDM AGFjIF H[ 5FlZJFZLS SF{8]\lAS VNF,TM ~; !))) SC[JFIF SF[8" ;DFWFG SZFJJFGF 5|ItGM SZ[ K[ GFK}8S[ SFINFSLI 5U,F ,[ K[P sZf ;\:YFSLI :YFSLI 5|ItGM VFW]lGS ;D:IFDF\ SF{8]\lAS VtIFRFZ lJX[GL ;EFGTF JWTF VF V\U[GL S[8,LS ;FDFlHS ;\:YFVM S[ H[ ;DFH ;]Z1FF S[ ;DFHS
260
SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ DNN 56 SZFTL CMI K[P VF6\N GUZDF\ HFU'lT DlC,F ;\U9G wJFZF 5|ItGM SZJFDF\ VFJL ZCIF K[P :+LVMG[ 5]ZT] Z1F6 VF5LG[ ZC[JFGL4 HDJFGL TYF AGL XS[ TM 5UEZ AGL XS[ T[ DF8[ lJlJW 8=[GL\U 56 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P SF{8]\lAS ;\3QF" V8SFJJF DF8[ AgG[ 51FG[ jIJCFZ] VG[ VFNX" DFU" NXF"J[ K[P S]8]\A ;,FC S[gW o v ;ZSFZL4 VW";ZSFZL S[ :J{lrKS ;\:YFVM wJFZF S]8]\A ;,FC S[gãGL HMUJF. SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VFJL ;\:YFVM wJFZF S[8,FS 5U,F ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P DM8FEFU[ VFJF S[gWMDF\ J{7FlGS ;DH WZFJTF VG]EJL VG[ 7FGL SFI"SZM S]8]\AGL V\NZ jIF5[,F DTDTF\TZ U[Z;DH4 X\SF VG[ VlJ`JF; N}Z SZJF DF8[ AgG[ 51FG[ AM,FJLG[ 5FZ:5lZS OZHM VG[ HJFANFZLVM ;DHFJ[ K[P AgG[ 51FG[ ;FY[ AM,FJJFG[ AN,[ JFZFOZTL AM,FJLG[ A\G[ 51FG[ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P SFINFSLI 5lZ6FDM4 AF/SMG]\ ElJQI JU[Z[ ;DHFJFI K[P XC[ZL lJ:TFZDF\ VFJF S[gãM HMJF D/[ K[P HM S[ VF 5|IMU CH] U|FDL6 ;D]NFI ;]WL HM.V[ T[8,M ;O/ YIM GYLP ZFQ8=LI DlC,F 5\ 5\R VlWlGID v !))_ DlC,FVMG[ ,UTL AFATM DF8[ VF VlWlGID 30JFDF\ VFjIM K[ VG[ 5\RGL ZRGF 56 SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P VwI1F TYF 5F\R ;eIM CMI K[P A\WFZ6 VG[ VgI SFINF VgJI[ DlC,FVMG[ Z1F6 VF5JFDF\ VFjI]\ CMI T[JL TDFD AFATMGL T5F; T[DH 5}K5ZK SZX[P ;DIF\TZ[ A\WFZ6GL HMUJF.VM VG[ VgI SFINF S[ H[ DlC,FVMG[ V;Z SZ[ K[ T[GL ;DL1FF SZX[ VG[ ;]WFZF DF8[
261
E,FD6 SZX[ A\WFZ6GL HMUJF.VM S[ VgI SFINFGM E\U SZTF S[;M S[ H[ DlC,F ;\A\lWT CMI T[JF S[;M ;1FD ;TFD\0/ ;D1F ,. HX[P H[ T[ OlZIFNGL T5F; SZX[ VG[ GLR[ H6FjIF 5|DF6[GL AFATMDF\ :JI\E} GM\W ,[X[P s!f DlC,FVMG[ CSSYL J\lRT ZFBJFDF\ VFJL CMIP sZf DlC,FVMGF Z1F6 DF8[ H[ SFINF 30JFDF\ VFjIF CMI T[GM VD, G YTM CMI VG[ ;DFGTF VG[ lJSF;GM C[T] l;wW SZJF DF8[ s#f DlC,FVMGL lJ8\A6F N}Z YFI4 S
262
VeIF; SZJFG]\ VFIMHG K[P DlC,F 5\RG[ S;}ZJFZ lJZ]wW SM. 5U,F ,[JFGL ;œF VF5JFDF\ VFJL GYLP DlC,F ;]Z1FF ;lDTLVM !))! v !))5 VDNFJFNGL cVJFHc ;\:YF wJFZF !)($DF\ DlC,F ;[,GL ZRGF SZJF ;ZSFZG[ H6FjI]\ lJlJW S[;M NXF"JJFDF\ VFjIFP H[GF EFU~5[ ZFHI;ZSFZGF 9ZFJG]\ 5ZR v ZZ)_ v !(&$ G TFP *v#v)! YL ZFHI DlC,F ;]Z1FF ;lDlT !))! DF\ :Y5F. CTLP 5lZ6LT :+LVMG[ T[DGF 5lT TZOYL T[DH T[DGF ;F;ZL 51F TZOYL +F; VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P H[ S[8,LSJFZ B}GDF\ 5lZ6D[ K[P VF 5|SFZGF S[;MG[ VS:DFT TZLS[ GM\WJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ U]G[UFZM lGNM"QF K}8L HFI K[P S[8,FS lS:;FVMDF\ 5lT VYJF ;F;ZL 51F TZOYL H[ S}ZTF NFBJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[G[ 5lZ6FD[ :+LVM VF53FT SZJF 5|[ZFI K[P K[0TL4 A/FtSFZ4 V5CZ6 H[JF EI\SZ U]GFVM 56 AGTF CMI K[P DlC,FVMGL :J{lrKS ;[JF ;\:YFVM U]G[UFZMG[ B]<,F 5F0JF VG[ T[DG[ ;HF YFI T[JF 5|ItGM SZ[ K[ 5Z\T] T[GM SM. ;FG]S]/ 5|lTEFJ G D/JFYL ;\NE"DF\ NXF"J[, lJlJW 9ZFJYL ZFHI ;ZSFZ[ ;lDlT lGDLP tIFZAFN 5]GoZRGF Y. 5Z\T] !))5 DF\ lJB[ZLGFBJFDF\ VFJLP DlC,F 5M,L; :8[XG ov !5 DL VMUQ8 v !))! GF ZMH VDNFJFN XC[ZDF\ DlC,F 5M,L; :8[XGGL :YF5GF SZF. CTLP :+L lJZ]wWGF NC[H4 A/FtSFZ4 ;TFD6L H[JF
263
U]GF tIF\ GM\WFI T[JM bIF, CTMP tIF\ ;J[" SMg:8[A,M DlC,F 5M,L; CTF VG[ T[DGF p5ZL 5LP VF.P CTFP X~VFTYL H DlC,F 5M,L; :8[XGG[ S|F.D XFBFDF\ D}SJFDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\P S|F.D XFBFDF\ V[S ;DFH ;]Z1FF ;[, ZFBJFDF\ VFJTF\ H[DF\ ;,FC VF5JFDF\ VFJTL VG[ ;DFWFG YTF\ DM8FEFUGF 5M,L; VlWSFZLVM DFGTF S[ :+LVMV[ OlZIFN GM\WFJJL HM.V[ GCLP :+LVMG[ ,UTF U]GF DlC,F 5M,L; :8[XGDF\ GM\WFX[ V[JL 5|YD HFC[ZFT Y. CTL T[YL YM0F DlCGFVM ;]WL HGTFDF\ VG[ 5M,L; VlWSFZLVMDF\ 36L D}\hJ6M Y. CTLP HM SM. OlZIFNL :+L GJF DlC,F 5M,L; :8[XGYL B}A N}Z lJ:TFZDF\ ZC[TL CMI TM T[GL OlZIFN T[GF ZC[9F6GL GHLSGF 5M,L; :8[XG[ GM\WFJL S[ T[6[ XC[ZGF H}GF SM8" lJ:TFZDF\ VFJ[, VF 5M,L; :8[XGDF\ HJ]\ HM.V[P VF lJ0\A6F N}Z SZJF ;ZSFZG[ 5lZ5+ ACFZ 5F0JM 50IM CTMP VDNFJFN AFN VF6\N tIFZAFN NZ[S lH<,FDF\ DlC,F 5M,L; :8[XGGL :YF5GF SZJFDF\ VFJLP AWF H :8FO DlC,FVMGM SZJFDF\ VFjIMP H[YL H[ DlC,FVMG[ OlZIFN GM\WFJL CMI T[ tIF\ H.G[ GM\WFJL XS[P SFG}GL ;CFI S[gWo v VtIFRFZ4 S]8]\AS,[X4 K}8FK[0F4 NC[H4 AF/,uG VG[ ALJ ;FDFJS ANLVMDF\ ;DFHG[ D}\hJTF 5|`GMDF\ SFG}GL DFU"NX"G VG[ ;CFI VF5JF ZFHI VG[ S[gW ;ZSFZ wJFZF SFG}GL ;CFI S[gW IMHGFGM VD, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 264
VF 5|SFZGF S[gWDF\ UZLA VG[ H~lZIFTD\N DlC,FVMG[ T[DGF lJlJW ;FDFlHS 5|`GM DF8[ DOT SFG}GL ;CFI VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P JT"DFG ;DIDF\ :+L ;\:YFVM ;FY[ DFT' v S
;\:YFVM4
WFZFXF:+LVM4
V5ZFWXF:+L4
;DFHXF:+LVM
DGMJ{7FlGSM TALAM JU[Z[ ;lS|I AgIF K[P J/L ,MSR[TGF 56 VFJxIS AGL K[P VF ZLT[ ;DFHGF ;FD}lCS 5|ItGMYL VF ;D:IFG]\ lGZFSZ6 SZJF 5|ItGM YIF K[P 5P! pœZNFTFVMGL :+LVM DF8[GF SFINF V\ UG [ L DFlCTL V\U[ SFG}G AGFJJF SFG}GGM EMUJ8M SZJM VG[ SFG}GL DFlCTL CMJL V[ +6 AFATM V,U RRF" DF\UL ,[ K[P SFZ6 S[ SFINFGL 5lZEFQFF VG[ SFINFGL 5|lS|IF V[8,L TM U}\RJ6 EZ[,L K[ S[ T[ ;FDFgI DFGJLGF 7FGYL 5Z K[P VCL\ :+LVMGL JFT SZLV[ KLV[ tIFZ[ :+LVMG]\ SF{8]\lAS ;FDFJS DF/B]\ :+LGF jIlSTtJG[ V;Z SZTF AG[ K[P ;FDFgI ;DH 5|DF6[ :+LVMG[ Z;M. S/FG]\ 7FG D[/JJ]\ HM.V[ VG[ T[DF\ lG5]6TF CMJL HM.V[ T[JL DFgITF 5|JT[" K[P :+LVMV[ DF+ 5MTFGF U'CSFI"GL HJFANFZL lGEFJJL T[G[ 265
H VU|[;Z U6JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P DGMJ{7FlGS l;wWF\T 5|DF6[ HM.V[ TM Termen and Miles :+LVMGL BFl;ITMDF\ SC[ K[ S[ :+LVMV[ 5MTFGF
SFI"1M+ D]HA H 5;\NULGF SFI"1M+ 5;\N SZJF HM.V[P CL8,ZGF DT[ :+LG]\ SFI"1M+ T[GF 5lT4 S]\8]\A4 AF/S VG[ 3Z 5]ZT] H CMJ] \ HM.V[P :+L lX1F6GM C[T]\ ElJQIGL DFTF AGFJJFGM K[P VFD :+LGL E}lDSFG[ DIF"lNT SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P EFZTGF ;\lJWFGDF\ :+L 5]Z]QF ;DFGTF VG[ :JT\+TF :YF5JFDF\ VFJL K[P5Z\T] :+LGF SFINFSLI VlWSFZMGL RRF"DF\ SFINF K[ EMUJ8M GYLP :+L DF8[ VG[S 5|SFZGF SFG}GL SFINF AGFJJFDF\ VFjIF K[P H[DF\ :+LGF NZHHF ;\A\WL HMUJF.VM SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P s!f :+LG[ 5]Z]QFG[ ;DS1F NZZHFGM VlWSFZ sZf SFG}G ;D1F :+Lv5]Z]QF ;DFGTF VG[ :+Lv5]Z]QFG[ SFINFGF ;DFG Z1F6GM VlWSFZ JU[Z[ HMUJF.VM SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P 5Z\T] :+L A[ JF:TlJSTFDF\ JJG JJ[ K[P s!f SFINFSLI JF:TlJSTF H[DF\ :+Lv5]Z]QF ;DFG K[P ;DFG VlWSFZ EMUJ[ K[P HIFZ[ ALJ JF:TlJSTF V[8,[ S[ ;FDFJS JF:TlJSTF H[DF\ :+LGM NZZHM 5]Z]QF SZTF pTZTM K[P :+LG[ VCL\ 5]Z]QF ;DS1F VlWSFZ 5|F%T GYLP DCTD :+LG]\ JJG ;FDFJS JF:TlJSTFDF\ JJFI K[P DlC,FVM DF8[ AGFJ[, lJlJW SFINF V\U[ :+L 5MT[ DFlCTUFZ K[ S[ T[ V\U[ DFlCTL 5|F%T SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P
266
5P! pœZNFTFVMGL :+LVM DF8[GF SFINF V\U[GL DFlCTL NXF"JT]\ SMQ8S lJUT HGZ, :+LVMGF #( SFINF V\U[GL s!ZP&&f DFCLTL K[P :+LVMGF !!Z SFINF V\U[GL s#*P##f DFCLTL GYLP !5_ s5_f
V[;P;LPqV[;P8LP ZZ s*P##f
VMPALP;LP !& s5P##f
S], *& sZ5P##f
&( sZZP&&f
$$ s!$P&&f
ZZ$ s*$P&&f
)_ s#_f
&_ sZ_f
#__ s!__f
ptTZNFTFGL :+LVMGF SFINF V\ U [ GL DFlCTL 150 112 38 224 300
76 22 68 16 44 60
5|:T]T JUL"SZ6DF\
90
HGZ, V[;P;LPqV[;P8LP VMPALP;LP S],
ØxIDFG YFI K[ S[ DCTD pœZNFTFVMG[
:+LVMGF lJlJW SFINF V\U[GL HF6SFZL GYLP
267
ZZ$s*$P&&@f pœZNFTFVMG[ SFINFSLI DFlCTL 5|F%T GYLP VCL\ pœZNFTFVMGL X{1Fl6S E}lDSF T5F;JL VlGJFI" K[P SFZ6 S[ ;\XMWGGF DCœD pœZNFTFVM lXl1FT K[P T[VMGF lX1F6G]\ 5|DF6 :GFTS4 VG]:GFTS S1FFG]\ ZC[, K[P 5Z\T] T[VMG[ DlC,FVM DF8[GF SFINFSLI HMUJF.VMGL DFlCTL GYLP VFD VCL\ V[J]\ SCL XSFI S[ :+LVMV[ SFINFSLI lX1F6G[ :5xIF" lJGFG]\ ZFB[, K[P HIFZ[ lÚTLI S|D[ *& sZ5P##@f pœZNFTFVMG[ SFINFSLI V\U[ DFlCTL K[P VF pœZNFTFVM H6FJ[ K[ S[ T[VMG[ VNF,TGL SFI"JFCL VFU/ JWTL U. JSL,MGM ;\5S" JWTM UIM T[D T[D T[DGFDF\ SFINFSLI HFU'lT VFJL K[P VFD VCL\ :+LVMG]\ lXl1FT CMJ]\ VG[ SFG}GL HFU'TL CMJL T[ A\G[ JrR[ lJZMWFEF; K[P 5PZ pœZNFTFG[ 3Z[,] lC\ lC\;F ;F lGJFZ6 WFZFsSFINFf WFZFsSFINFf V\ V\U[ UG [ L DFlCTL DFGJ JJGGL X~VFTDF\ :+LVMV[ 5UlYIF B[TLGL X~VFT SZL ZB0T]\ E8ST]\ JJG JJTF DFGJ DF8[ BFW ;\S,G4 lJ`J:TZLI ;FWG B[TL U6FT]\ CT]\P 5]]Z]QMF lXSFZ SZTF CTFP HIFZ[ :+LVM 5UlYIF B[TL SZTL CTLP B[TLGL ;FY[ ;FY[ 5X]5F,GGM jIJ;FI X~ SIF"P 5UlYIF B[TLDF\YL ;5F8 D[NFGMGL B[TL X~VFT SZLP VCL\\ VFlY"S AFATM SFZ6E}T AGL H~lZIFT SZTF JWFZ[ pt5FNG YTF VF pt5FNGG[ AHFZDF\ D]SJFGL 5|lS|IF 5]Z]QFMV[ 5MTFGF C:TS ,LWL VG[ :+LVMV[ 3ZGL E}lDSFGL X~VFT SZL VFD :5Q8 zDlJEFHG GM\WFI]\P JW] pt5FNG YTF GF6F\G]\ D}
268
GLR[ VFJLP 5]Z]QFG]\ lGI\+6 :+L p5Z ,NFI]\ VCL\YL :+L VtIFRFZGL X~VFT Y. VG[ ;DFHDF\ T[ RF,] ZCLP VFD HM.V[ TM :+L VtIFRFZG]\ ALH VFlY"S AFATM ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, K[P V[S 5]Z]QFGF lGI\+6DF\ VFJTL :+L VtIFRFZGM JW]G[ JW] EMU AGTL ZCL K[P JT"DFG l5T'5|WFG ;DFH jIJ:YFDF\ ;TF AHFJ[ K[P :+L TFA[NFZGL E]lDSF EHJ[ K[P ;TF VG[ TFA[NFZGF ;\A\WM Vl:TtJDF\ VFjIFP ;TF VG[ TFA[NFZLGF ;\A\WMGM pN|EJ :YFG ,uG ;\:YF VG[ S]8]\A ;\:YFDF\ ZC[, K[P VF A\G[ ;\:YFDF\ :+LVM 5Z VtIFRFZGL DF+F JWTL H ZCL K[P ,uG 1M+[ :+LG[ ;,FDTL A1FJF DF8[ !)5$ DF\ :5[xI, D[Z[H V[S84 !)55DF\ lCgN] D[Z[H V[S8 VD,DF\ VFjIMP tIFZAFN gIFlIS 5'YSJF;4 K}8FK[0FGF SFINF AgIF NC[H 5|lTA\WS WFZF C[9/ :+LG[ NC[HGF VDFG]QFL VtIFRFZDF\YL D]ST SZJFGM 5|ItG SZJFDF\ VFjIMP VF SFINFGL V;ZSFZSTF VMKL CMJFG[ SFZ6[ :+LVMGF VtIFRFZDF\ 38F0M GM\WFIM GCL\P 5lZ6FD :J~5 Z__5DF\ 3Z[,]\ lC\;FGM SFINM 30FIMP 3Z[,]\ lC\;FGM SFINFDF\ XFlZZLS v DFGl;S VtIFRFZG[ VFJZL ,.G[ :+LG[ JW] Z1F6 VF5JFGM K[P VF 3Z[,]\ lC\;FGF SFINF V\U[GL DFlCTL K[ S[ GCL\ T[GL DFlCTL ,[JFDF\ VFJL K[P H[ GLR[GF JUL"SZ6DF\ HMJF D/[ K[P
269
5PZ pœZNFTFG[ 3Z[,] lC\;F lGJFZ6 WFZFsSFINFf V\U[GL DFlCTL NXF"JT]\ SMQ8S lJUT
HGZ,
3Z[,] lC\;FGF SFINFGL HF6SFZL K[P 3Z[,] lC\;FGF SFINFGL HF6SFZL GYLP
VMPALP;LP
S],
5Z s!*P##f
V[;P;LPq V[;P8LP #_ s!_f
Z_ s&P&&f
!_Z s#$f
)( s#ZP&&f
&_ sZ_f
$_ s!#P##f
!)( s&&f
!5_ s5_f
)_ s#_f
&_ sZ_f
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276
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277
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288
