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Steel Design to Eurocode 3
EN 1993-1-8 Clause 2.2 •
Joints
Partial safety factors, γM for joints are given in Table 2.1 of EC 3-8.
•
Eurocode 3 Part: 1-8
Refer to NA to get the required values of the different partial safety factors
•
Resistance of bolts and welds, γM2 = 1.25
Joint Types CL 5.2.2.2 ‘Nominally pinned’ joints are capable of transmitting internal forces without developing significant moments, and capable of accepting the resulting rotations under the design loads. CL 5.2.2.3 ‘Rigid and full strength’ joints have sufficient rotational stiffness to justify analysis based on full continuity.
Bolted Joints – Table 3.4 Table 3.4 of EN 1993-1-8 gives the different checks required for individual fasteners subjected to shear and/or tension. Checks need to be carried out for a number of possible failure modes:
‘Semi-rigid’ joints lie somewhere between ‘nominally pinned’ and ‘rigid’.
Eurocode 3 •
Principles mostly the same as BS 5950
•
Results are similar although EC3 results are slightly more conservative and this is due to the larger
•
Shear resistance per shear plate
•
Bearing Resistance
•
Tension Resistance
•
Combined shear and tension
Bolted Joints – Tension Tension resistance for ordinary bolts:
partial safety factor (γM2=1.25)
Bolt Strength These values should be adopted as characteristic values in design calculations : Bolt classes
4.6
5.6
8.8
10.9
fyb (N/mm2)
240
300
640
900
fub (N/mm2)
400
500
800
1000
EN 1993-1-8 Table 3.1 - Nominal values of fyb and fub for bolts
Steel Strength 2
2
fy (N/mm ) Steel grade
S 275 S 355
fu (N/mm )
Nominal thickness of element t (mm) t ≤ 16
16 < t ≤ 40
40 < t ≤ 63
63 < t ≤ 80
275
265
255
245
355
345
335
325
Nominal thickness of element t (mm) 3≤t t<3 ≤ 100 430 410 to to 580 560 510 470 to to 680 630
Extract from Table 7 of EN 10025-2
where: •
As is the tensile stress area of the bolt
•
γM2 = 1.25
•
fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
•
k2 = 0.63 for countersunk bolt, otherwise k2 = 0.9
Bolted Joints – Shear Shear resistance per shear plane for ordinary bolts where the shear plane passes through the threaded portion of the bolt:
where: •
As is the tensile stress area of the bolt
•
fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
•
γM2 = 1.25
Bolt classes
4.6
4.8
5.6
5.8
6.8
8.8
10.9
αv
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
Shear resistance per shear plane for ordinary bolts where the shear plane passes through the unthreaded portion of the bolt:
Welded Joints Simplified method for design resistance of fillet weld (CL 4.5.3.3 and Table 4.1 EN 1993-1-8)
Fw,Ed ≤ Fw,Rd
where: • A is the gross cross-section of the bolt • fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt • γM2 = 1.25
Fw,Ed
Bolted Joints – Bearing
Fw,Rd
(4.2)
is the design value of the weld force per unit
length is the design resistance per unit length
Bearing resistance for ordinary bolts:
Fw,Rd = fvw,da where: • • • •
d t γM2 fu
is the bolt diameter is the thickness = 1.25 is the ultimate tensile strength
•
fvw,d
is the design shear strength of the weld
a
is the effective throat thickness (see Figure 1)
for end bolts
•
for inner bolts
Perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:
•
for edge bolts
•
for inner bolts
Figure 1 – effective throat thickness Image Source: Design of Structural Elements (Arya, 2009) Page 421
Bolted Joints – Position of Holes Table 3.3 of EN 1993-1-8 gives the maximum and minimum spacing, end and edge distances
(4.4)
fu
is the minimum ultimate tensile strength of the connected parts
βw
is a correlation factor (See Table 4.1)
γM2 = 1.25 Image Source: ESDEP Minimum distance
Steel grade
Correlation factor βw
End distance e1
1.2d0
S275
0.85
Edge distance e2
1.2d0
S355
0.90
Spacing p1
2.2d0
Spacing p2
2.4d0
where d0 =hole diameter
Extract from Table 4.1 from EN 1993-1-8: Values for correlation factor βw
